Nano Today最新文献_第7页

Spatially confined multivalent aptamers in the cavity of a DNA nanocage against bacterial superantigens infection DNA纳米笼腔中空间限制的多价适体对抗细菌超级抗原感染

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102899

Mengxia Duan , Man Ding , Kuaile Wu , Zhouping Wang , Shijia Wu , Nuo Duan

Aptamers as single-strand oligonucleotides obtained through in vitro screening techniques exhibit significant application potential due to their high target specificity, strong binding affinity, and inherent inhibitory capabilities. However, the easy entanglement among single-strand aptamers and excessive flexibility remains a huge challenge for keep high binding capabilities and dispersed spatial positioning in practical applications. Herein, we rationally designed a DNA nanocage structure loaded with multiple neutralizing aptamers (DNC-Apt). The programmability and the spatial confinement effect of DNC enable multiple single-strand aptamers to be reasonably fixed in the ideal spatial positions and achieve enhanced structural stability. Taking the enterotoxin A and B (SEs) secreted by Staphylococcus aureus as model target, both molecular docking and the ELONA experiment confirmed that the neutralizing aptamers integrated by this strategy achieved binding to different antigenic epitopes on SEs rely on spatially dispersed positioning, and exhibited enhanced binding ability (∼ 6 fold). The PBMC cell proliferation experiment demonstrated that this strategy could mediate the binding of SEs to receptors, thereby reducing the proliferation of T cells and the release of pro-inflammatory factors. Furthermore, the application of DNC-Apt in mice significantly reduced the inflammatory response and tissue damage caused by SEs. In conclusion, our research provided a reference for enhancing the application ability of aptamers and offered new strategies for alleviating the toxicity of bacterial toxins.

通过体外筛选技术获得的核酸适体作为单链寡核苷酸，具有较高的靶向特异性、较强的结合亲和力和内在的抑制能力，具有重要的应用潜力。然而，在实际应用中，单链适体之间容易缠结，灵活性过大，对保持高结合能力和分散的空间定位仍然是一个巨大的挑战。为此，我们合理设计了装载多个中和适体（DNC-Apt）的DNA纳米笼结构。DNC的可编程性和空间约束效应使多个单链适配体能够合理地固定在理想的空间位置，增强结构稳定性。以金黄色葡萄球菌分泌的肠毒素A和B （SEs）为模型靶点，通过分子对接和ELONA实验证实，通过该策略整合的中和适体依靠空间分散定位实现了与se上不同抗原表位的结合，并表现出增强的结合能力（约6倍）。PBMC细胞增殖实验表明，该策略可以介导SEs与受体的结合，从而减少T细胞的增殖和促炎因子的释放。此外，DNC-Apt在小鼠中的应用显著降低了SEs引起的炎症反应和组织损伤。总之，我们的研究为提高适体的应用能力提供了参考，并为减轻细菌毒素的毒性提供了新的策略。

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引用次数: 0

18F-labeled ultrasmall nanoparticle probe for long-term PET tracking and real-time quantitative analysis of transplanted T lymphocytes in situ based on bioorthogonal reaction 基于生物正交反应的18f标记的超小纳米颗粒探针用于移植T淋巴细胞的长期PET跟踪和实时原位定量分析

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102896

Yang Chen , Wangxi Hai , Xiao Bao , Chuyi Liu , Yang Yang , Yuetan Chen , Kang Sun , Yunxuan Zhang , Ningshuang Ye , Sanyuan Shi , Samuel Kesse , Biao Li , Yuhong Xu , Jinliang Peng

The real-time, accurate understanding of the biodistribution of transplanted therapeutic cells is critical for their development and application. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has the potential to realize the noninvasive and quantitative evaluation of the spatial-temporal distribution of transplanted cells due to its unlimited tissue-penetration depth and quantitative capabilities, but its utility is limited by various shortcomings of existing imaging strategies or probes, such as the short half-life of the commonly used radioisotope fluorine-18 (¹⁸F) and the interference of high nonspecific background signals to the exact localization and quantification of target cells. Here, we describe a new strategy for the long-term PET tracking and real-time quantitative analysis of transplanted cells based on a tetrazine-bearing, ¹⁸F-labeled ultrasmall rare-earth nanoparticle probe (Tz-[¹⁸F]NaGdF₄) capable of labeling trans-cyclooctene (TCO) pretagged T lymphocytes via a bioorthogonal reaction at any point after their transplantation. The ultrasmall Tz-[¹⁸F]NaGdF₄ is readily prepared and characterized by rapid renal clearance and low nonspecific accumulation in major organs. The specific reaction between the Tz-[¹⁸F]NaGdF₄ probe and pretagged cells under physiological conditions enabled the specific PET imaging of target cells with low background in situ, and the measured PET image-derived standardized uptake value linearly and positively correlated with the number of pretagged T lymphocytes retained in tissues, ensuring their accurate quantification based on real-time PET signals. Therefore, the bioorthogonal reaction-based Tz-[¹⁸F]NaGdF₄-PET represents a useful tool for the long-term tracking and real-time quantification of transplanted cells in vivo.

实时、准确地了解移植治疗细胞的生物分布对其开发和应用至关重要。正电子发射断层扫描（PET）成像由于其无限的组织穿透深度和定量能力，有可能实现移植细胞时空分布的无创定量评估，但其实用性受到现有成像策略或探针的各种缺点的限制。例如常用的放射性同位素氟-18 （18F）的半衰期短，以及高非特异性背景信号对目标细胞精确定位和定量的干扰。在这里，我们描述了一种新的策略，用于移植细胞的长期PET跟踪和实时定量分析，该策略基于含四氮，18F标记的超小稀土纳米颗粒探针（Tz-[18F]NaGdF4），能够在移植后的任何时间点通过生物正交反应标记反式环烯（TCO）预标记的T淋巴细胞。超小Tz-[18F]NaGdF4易于制备，具有肾清除快、主要器官非特异性蓄积低的特点。Tz-[18F]NaGdF4探针与预标记细胞在生理条件下的特异性反应，使得低背景下靶细胞的原位特异性PET成像得以实现，测得的PET图像衍生的标准化摄取值与组织中保留的预标记T淋巴细胞数量呈线性正相关，确保了基于实时PET信号的准确定量。因此，基于生物正交反应的Tz-[18F]NaGdF4-PET是长期跟踪和实时定量体内移植细胞的有用工具。

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引用次数: 0

Nucleic acid nanomaterials: Mechanisms and strategies for regulating innate immune activation 核酸纳米材料：调节先天免疫激活的机制和策略

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102897

Kexuan Zou , Yan Liu , Linlin Tang , Yuqi Wang , Jianming Wang , Jie Song

Nucleic acid nanomaterials (NA-NMat) are rapidly emerging as pivotal tools in precision medicine and therapeutic interventions, with their immunomodulatory roles attracting frontier research focuses. As key triggers of innate immunity, nucleic acids orchestrate complex immune regulations through their distinct structural motifs and sequence-dependent molecular recognition. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which nucleic acids activate the innate immune system not only helps to reveal their central roles in immune regulation, but also lays the theoretical foundation for developing innovative nucleic acid-based therapeutic strategies. In this review, we systematically summarize current knowledge regarding the activation pathways, sequence specificity, and conformational effects of nucleic acids including the primary, secondary, tertiary, and artificially designed structures of DNA and RNA in innate immunity. We further review recent advancements in utilizing NA-NMat integrated with oligonucleotides, proteins, and small molecules to co-regulate innate immunity. To conclude, we critically evaluate current challenges in the field and propose future directions for the development of nucleic acid nanotechnology (NA-NTech) in immunotherapy, offering insights and references for designing next-generation immune-regulatory nanoplatforms.

核酸纳米材料（NA-NMat）正迅速成为精准医学和治疗干预的关键工具，其免疫调节作用吸引了前沿研究热点。作为先天免疫的关键触发器，核酸通过其独特的结构基序和序列依赖的分子识别来协调复杂的免疫调节。阐明核酸激活先天免疫系统的分子机制不仅有助于揭示其在免疫调节中的核心作用，而且为开发基于核酸的创新治疗策略奠定理论基础。在这篇综述中，我们系统地总结了目前关于核酸的激活途径、序列特异性和构象效应的知识，包括先天免疫中DNA和RNA的一级、二级、三级和人工设计的结构。我们进一步回顾了利用NA-NMat与寡核苷酸、蛋白质和小分子结合来共同调节先天免疫的最新进展。总之，我们批判性地评估了当前该领域的挑战，并提出了核酸纳米技术（NA-NTech）在免疫治疗中的未来发展方向，为设计下一代免疫调节纳米平台提供见解和参考。

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引用次数: 0

Seeing the invisible: Nanoscopy with acoustic AFM 看不见的：声学原子力显微镜的纳米显微镜

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102895

Ye Tian , Biao-Feng Zeng , Jian Chen , Longhua Tang

Acoustic atomic force microscopy (AFM) addresses the limitations of traditional imaging for seeing the invisible subsurface nanofeatures with the advantages of both the noninvasive penetration of ultrasound and the nanoscale resolution of AFM. This review emphasizes key achievements and recent advancements of the acoustic AFM, focusing on improvements in multi-modal excitation, multi-scheme operation, multi-component applications, and multi-parameter imaging. Theoretical algorithms and limitations including amplitude attenuation, frequency shift, phase transition, and energy consumption are analyzed, and discrepancies among models, simulations, and experiments are discussed. The review also examines the applications of acoustic AFM in advanced semiconductor nanodevices, the characterization of functional material properties, and the monitoring of living systems. Results emphasize the potential of integrating ultrasonic AFM with quantum sensing and artificial intelligence to develop refined nanoscale fluctuation models, innovate multi-modal probes, and create high-throughput data processing algorithms. These advancements aim to achieve wide-field, high-throughput, ultra-high spatial-temporal resolution, and real-time dynamic nondestructive monitoring of samples with complex structures and environments, paving the way for the next generation of ultrasonic AFM.

声学原子力显微镜（AFM）具有超声的无创穿透和AFM纳米级分辨率的优势，解决了传统成像技术在观察不可见的亚表面纳米特征方面的局限性。本文综述了声学AFM在多模态激励、多方案操作、多组分应用和多参数成像等方面的主要成就和最新进展。分析了理论算法和局限性，包括幅度衰减、频移、相变和能量消耗，并讨论了模型、仿真和实验之间的差异。本文还探讨了声学AFM在先进半导体纳米器件、功能材料特性表征和生命系统监测中的应用。结果强调了超声AFM与量子传感和人工智能相结合的潜力，可以开发精细的纳米尺度波动模型，创新多模态探针，并创建高通量数据处理算法。这些进步旨在实现对复杂结构和环境样品的宽视场、高通量、超高时空分辨率和实时动态无损监测，为下一代超声AFM铺平道路。

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引用次数: 0

Biodegradable multimodal biomaterials with microenvironmental adaptability and orderly delivery of H2S and bFGF for the treatment of spinal cord injury 具有微环境适应性和有序输送H2S和bFGF的可生物降解多模态生物材料用于脊髓损伤的治疗

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102890

Junqing Huang , Jiamen Shen , Yu Huang , Yanfang Zhao , Yibo Ying , Yanran Bi , Liuxi Chu , Xinwang Ying , Qian Xu , Junpeng Xu , Ping Wu , Jiansong Ji , Zhouguang Wang

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex and interactive process involving multiple pathological stages. Single-type biomaterials often struggle to rapidly adapt to the imbalanced regenerative microenvironment and orderly resolve the symptoms of different stages, resulting in slow neural regeneration and limited functional recovery. Herein, we developed a microenvironment- adaptive and time-adaptive multimodal biomaterial (custom-designed with silk fibroin hydrogel-SF and endogenous stimulus responsive nanomedicine-G@Mn, SF-G@Mn) for the treatment of SCI. Based on pathological signals after SCI, the SF-G@Mn achieves the precise release of drugs that inhibit microenvironment regulation (H₂S and Mn^2 +) and nerve regeneration drugs (basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)) under different needs in the early and late stages of secondary SCI through asynchronous release kinetics. In the early stages of inflammation, oxidative stress and hypoxia, Mn²⁺ can continuously decompose H₂O₂ to generate oxygen, and synergistic effects with H₂S can jointly relieve oxidative stress, improve hypoxia and inhibit inflammation, thus comprehensively adjusting the microenvironment that is not conducive to tissue repair. As the injury progresses to a later stage dominated by nerve regeneration, bFGF is slowly released to support axon growth and myelin regeneration, helping to restore the function of the damaged nerve. After this multi-dimensional, orderly and multi-stage treatment, the motor function of the SCI mice was significantly restored. In general, this work provides a pathological signal response, on-demand, orderly release of multi-modal biomaterials of drugs at different pathological stages, to achieve spatio-temporal selectivity and adaptive treatment, and provides a valuable example for the development of personalized medicine in the future.

脊髓损伤是一个复杂的、相互作用的过程，涉及多个病理阶段。单一类型的生物材料往往难以快速适应不平衡的再生微环境，难以有序解决不同阶段的症状，导致神经再生缓慢，功能恢复有限。在此，我们开发了一种微环境自适应和时间自适应的多模态生物材料（定制设计的丝素蛋白水凝胶- sf和内源性刺激响应nanomedicine-G@Mn， SF-G@Mn）用于治疗脊髓损伤。SF-G@Mn以脊髓损伤后的病理信号为基础，通过异步释放动力学实现继发性脊髓损伤早期和晚期不同需求下抑制微环境调节药物（H2S和Mn2 +）和神经再生药物（碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF））的精准释放。在炎症、氧化应激和缺氧的早期阶段，Mn2+可以不断分解H2O2生成氧气，与H2S协同作用，共同缓解氧化应激、改善缺氧、抑制炎症，从而全面调节不利于组织修复的微环境。随着损伤进展到以神经再生为主的后期，bFGF被缓慢释放以支持轴突生长和髓鞘再生，帮助恢复受损神经的功能。经过这种多维、有序、多阶段的治疗，脊髓损伤小鼠的运动功能得到了明显的恢复。总的来说，本工作提供了病理信号响应，在不同病理阶段按需、有序地释放药物的多模态生物材料，实现时空选择性和适应性治疗，为未来个性化医疗的发展提供了有价值的范例。

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引用次数: 0

Macrophage-targeted polysaccharide nano-immunomodulators with spatial- and time-programmed drug release for cancer therapy 巨噬细胞靶向多糖纳米免疫调节剂，具有空间和时间编程的药物释放用于癌症治疗

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102893

Li Xu , Jiaqian Miao , Danni Xu , Xuan Mo , Junjie Wang , Sisi Chen , Bing Liu , Guangbo Ge , Xinyuan Zhu , Hongping Deng

Reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represents a promising strategy to reverse tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME) for cancer immunotherapy. However, the deficiency of macrophage cells in solid tumors requires targeted drug delivery to accomplish efficient immune activation while reducing the adverse side-effects. Meanwhile, the negative feedback of TAM activation compromises immunotherapy efficacy by inducing T cell exhaustion. In this work, we report a type of macrophage-targeted polysaccharide nano-immunomodulators (Dex-RN) with spatial- and time-programmed drug release for cancer therapy by activating the TLR7/8 pathways and inhibiting the negative IDO pathway. Dex-RN exhibited high TAM targeting capability in vivo with 40.8 % for D10-RN and 44.3 % for D70-RN as compared with the control (19.0 %), and possessed fast TLR7/8 agonist but slow IDO inhibitor release kinetics to address the impact of the negative feedback of TLR7/8 pathway activation. Consequently, Dex-RN generated significantly enhanced macrophage M1 polarization efficiency with superior expression levels of cell surface markers and cytokines. In a 4T1 murine tumor model, Dex-RN showed enhanced tumor growth inhibition (66 %) compared with free drug mixture (43 %), and potentiated cancer immunotherapy by inducing macrophage M1 polarization, activating CD8⁺ T cells and inhibiting Treg cells. Thus, this work highlights the conception of a spatial- and time-programmed polysaccharide nano-immunomodulator for TAM-mediated cancer immunotherapy.

重编程肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（tam）是一种很有前途的策略，可以逆转肿瘤免疫抑制微环境（TIME），用于癌症免疫治疗。然而，实体肿瘤中巨噬细胞的缺乏需要靶向给药，以实现有效的免疫激活，同时减少不良副作用。同时，TAM激活的负反馈通过诱导T细胞衰竭而影响免疫治疗效果。在这项工作中，我们报道了一种巨噬细胞靶向多糖纳米免疫调节剂（Dex-RN），通过激活TLR7/8通路和抑制IDO负通路，具有空间和时间编程的药物释放，可用于癌症治疗。与对照组（19.0 %）相比，dexx - rn在体内表现出较高的TAM靶向能力，D10-RN为40.8% %，D70-RN为44.3% %，并且具有快速的TLR7/8激动剂但缓慢的IDO抑制剂释放动力学，以解决TLR7/8途径激活的负反馈影响。因此，Dex-RN显著提高了巨噬细胞M1极化效率，并提高了细胞表面标记物和细胞因子的表达水平。在4T1小鼠肿瘤模型中，Dex-RN对肿瘤生长的抑制作用（66% %）高于游离药物混合物（43% %），并通过诱导巨噬细胞M1极化、激活CD8+ T细胞和抑制Treg细胞来增强肿瘤免疫治疗。因此，这项工作强调了空间和时间编程的多糖纳米免疫调节剂用于tam介导的癌症免疫治疗的概念。

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引用次数: 0

Inside Back Cover - Graphical abstract TOC/TOC in double column continued from OBC if required, otherwise blank page 封底内-图解摘要TOC/TOC双栏，如果需要，从OBC继续，否则空白页

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/S1748-0132(25)00258-0

引用次数: 0

Outside Back Cover - Graphical abstract TOC/TOC in double column/Cover image legend if applicable, Bar code, Abstracting and Indexing information 封底外-图形摘要TOC/双栏TOC/封面图例（如适用），条形码，摘要和索引信息

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/S1748-0132(25)00259-2

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Improvement of radiotherapy with an ozone-carried liposome nano-system for synergizing cancer immune checkpoint blockade” [Nano Today 47 (2022) 101675] “臭氧携带的脂质体纳米系统用于协同癌症免疫检查点阻断的放射治疗的改进”的更正[Nano Today 47 (2022) 101675]

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102881

Dan Zheng , Yanchu Li , Linlin Song , Tianyue Xu , Xian Jiang , Xiaomeng Yin , Yinbo He , Jinshun Xu , Xuelei Ma , Li Chai , Jie Xu , Jianping Hu , Peng Mi , Jing Jing , Hubing Shi

引用次数: 0

Modulation of electron transfer properties in two-dimensional nanomaterials for enhanced therapeutic efficacy 二维纳米材料中电子转移特性的调制以提高治疗效果

IF 10.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Today

Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102880

Ruoxi Zhao , Yanlin Zhu , Zhongmin Tang , Han Lin , Jianlin Shi

Electron transfer is the foundation of redox reactions and has a significant impact on the physical and chemical properties of materials, including electrical conductivity, magnetism, and catalytic activity. The ultrathin nature of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials enables the precise regulation of electron transfer, which brings significant advantages to multiple fields. However, the existing literature lacks a comprehensive overview of electron transfer in 2D nanomaterials. This article attempts to fill this gap by analyzing the regulatory effects of electron transfer on two-dimensional materials and their potential applications in biomedicine. We summarize advanced strategies for modulating the electron transfer properties of two-dimensional nanomaterials, including adjustments to structural composition, optimization of surface chemical properties, and incorporation of other materials. In addition, we review specific examples demonstrating improved therapeutic efficacy through the regulation of electron transfer in 2D nanomaterials and discuss the underlying mechanisms. Finally, we highlight current challenges and outline future research directions in the field of electron transfer to provide valuable insights for researchers in materials science and engineering and to promote the sustainable development of biomedical therapies.

电子转移是氧化还原反应的基础，对材料的电导率、磁性和催化活性等物理和化学性质有重要影响。二维（2D）纳米材料的超薄特性使得电子转移的精确调控成为可能，这为多个领域带来了显著的优势。然而，现有文献缺乏对二维纳米材料中电子转移的全面概述。本文试图通过分析电子转移对二维材料的调控作用及其在生物医学中的潜在应用来填补这一空白。我们总结了调制二维纳米材料电子转移性质的先进策略，包括结构组成的调整，表面化学性质的优化，以及其他材料的掺入。此外，我们回顾了通过调节二维纳米材料中的电子转移来提高治疗效果的具体例子，并讨论了潜在的机制。最后，我们强调了电子转移领域目前面临的挑战和未来的研究方向，为材料科学和工程研究人员提供有价值的见解，促进生物医学治疗的可持续发展。

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引用次数: 0