Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews202217017
Yaser Hamad, Marwa Younis, H. Ibrahim, M. El-Ashker, M. Youssef, S. El-khodery
In this review, a systematic meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials that evaluate the effectiveness of supplementation of chelated zinc (Zn) on milk production in dairy cow has been performed. A total of 2106 transition dairy cows belonging to 23 studies from 7 papers were finally selected (treated, n = 1053; control, n = 1053). A meta-analysis of the effect of chelated Zn on milk production in dairy cow during lactation period was conducted following a search of literature. The data of cows either treated or controlled were extracted and analyzed by using comprehensive meta-analysis software program. I 2 statistic was used to estimate the degree of heterogeneity. Forest plot was used to present the means and their confidence intervals in a graphic manner and heterogeneous degree were explored with meta-regression; also, Begg’s test was conducted to investigate the publication bias. Overall, trial analysis of trials revealed that there was no significant effect of chelated Zn on milk production based on effect size (ES) and the confidence interval (95% CI) in comparison with the control cows (milk production ES = (0.941–1.183) 1.057, p value =0.337). A forest plot for the impact of chelated Zn on milk production was presented. The forest plots indicated that there is no heterogeneity between treated and control cows in response to supplementation of chelated Zn on milk production. The results of Begg’s test for publication bias were not significant. In conclusion, chelated Zn supplementation among dairy cows during lactation period provided a non-significant impact on milk yield.
{"title":"Effect of chelated zinc on milk production in dairy cows: Meta-analysis","authors":"Yaser Hamad, Marwa Younis, H. Ibrahim, M. El-Ashker, M. Youssef, S. El-khodery","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews202217017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews202217017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 In this review, a systematic meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials that evaluate the effectiveness of supplementation of chelated zinc (Zn) on milk production in dairy cow has been performed. A total of 2106 transition dairy cows belonging to 23 studies from 7 papers were finally selected (treated, n = 1053; control, n = 1053). A meta-analysis of the effect of chelated Zn on milk production in dairy cow during lactation period was conducted following a search of literature. The data of cows either treated or controlled were extracted and analyzed by using comprehensive meta-analysis software program. I\u0000 2\u0000 statistic was used to estimate the degree of heterogeneity. Forest plot was used to present the means and their confidence intervals in a graphic manner and heterogeneous degree were explored with meta-regression; also, Begg’s test was conducted to investigate the publication bias. Overall, trial analysis of trials revealed that there was no significant effect of chelated Zn on milk production based on effect size (ES) and the confidence interval (95% CI) in comparison with the control cows (milk production ES = (0.941–1.183) 1.057,\u0000 p\u0000 value =0.337). A forest plot for the impact of chelated Zn on milk production was presented. The forest plots indicated that there is no heterogeneity between treated and control cows in response to supplementation of chelated Zn on milk production. The results of Begg’s test for publication bias were not significant. In conclusion, chelated Zn supplementation among dairy cows during lactation period provided a non-significant impact on milk yield.\u0000","PeriodicalId":399225,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133663755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews202217015
Aliye Alizadeh, G. Shakeri, M. Marhamati, A. Afshari
Molds and their toxins, mycotoxins, are of major global challenges in the food industry due to their harmful effects on human health as well as their economic losses. Tomato and its products are prone to fungal spoilage at industrial and consumer levels. In this study, we aim to emphasize the presence and significance of mycotoxins not only in spoiled tomato-based products but also in the products without visible growth of fungi. According to our systematic review, main mycotoxins in tomatoes and their derivatives are Alternariol (AOH), Alternariol methyl ether (AME), Tenuazonic acid (TeA), and Patulin (PAT). Among them, TeA has the highest concentration in tomato-based products. Thus, it should be deemed as a health risk. We also outlined some of the current and potential antimicrobial techniques and their inhibitory effects on mycotoxins in tomato and derived products. Finally, we emphasize the need for further studies on the health risk assessment of most concerning mycotoxins (TeA and AOH) in tomato-derived products. The results of our review can highlight the gaps and align with the prevention of health risks, increasing product shelf-life, and avoiding economic losses in the tomato-based industry.
{"title":"A systematic review on the diversity and importance of mycotoxins in tomato and derived products","authors":"Aliye Alizadeh, G. Shakeri, M. Marhamati, A. Afshari","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews202217015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews202217015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Molds and their toxins, mycotoxins, are of major global challenges in the food industry due to their harmful effects on human health as well as their economic losses. Tomato and its products are prone to fungal spoilage at industrial and consumer levels. In this study, we aim to emphasize the presence and significance of mycotoxins not only in spoiled tomato-based products but also in the products without visible growth of fungi. According to our systematic review, main mycotoxins in tomatoes and their derivatives are Alternariol (AOH), Alternariol methyl ether (AME), Tenuazonic acid (TeA), and Patulin (PAT). Among them, TeA has the highest concentration in tomato-based products. Thus, it should be deemed as a health risk. We also outlined some of the current and potential antimicrobial techniques and their inhibitory effects on mycotoxins in tomato and derived products. Finally, we emphasize the need for further studies on the health risk assessment of most concerning mycotoxins (TeA and AOH) in tomato-derived products. The results of our review can highlight the gaps and align with the prevention of health risks, increasing product shelf-life, and avoiding economic losses in the tomato-based industry.","PeriodicalId":399225,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134015568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews202217020
H. El-Shafie
The date dust mite (DDM), Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor 1939) (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an extremely serious fruit pest of date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. In recent years, the mite caused economic damage and reduction of yield in may date palm-growing countries in North Africa and the Middle East. Damage loss may range between 50% and 70% and in severe infestation; it may reach 100% if not controlled. This mite has a high reproductive capacity and produces a tremendous amount of dense silken webs that reduce the efficiency of predators and hinder penetration of acaricides. Selection pressure due to frequent use of limited active ingredients encouraged the development of resistance among populations of the mite. Predatory mites from the family Phytoseiidae such as Cydnoseius negevi and the coccinellid ladybird beetle Stethorus spp. are associated with O. afrasiaticus in the field and may provide a potential source of biological control. The DDM is not easy to control; however, cultural, biological, and chemical measures are successfully used to limit the extent of damage in date palm plantations. This article summarizes and compiles recent advances pertaining to the mite taxonomy, biology, ecology, phenology and management. Additionally, future research prospects are also discussed.
{"title":"The Old World date palm mite\u0000 Oligonychus afrasiaticus\u0000 (McGregor 1939) (Acari: Tetranychidae), a major fruit pest: biology, ecology, and management","authors":"H. El-Shafie","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews202217020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews202217020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The date dust mite (DDM),\u0000 Oligonychus afrasiaticus\u0000 (McGregor 1939) (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an extremely serious fruit pest of date palm,\u0000 Phoenix dactylifera\u0000 L. In recent years, the mite caused economic damage and reduction of yield in may date palm-growing countries in North Africa and the Middle East. Damage loss may range between 50% and 70% and in severe infestation; it may reach 100% if not controlled. This mite has a high reproductive capacity and produces a tremendous amount of dense silken webs that reduce the efficiency of predators and hinder penetration of acaricides. Selection pressure due to frequent use of limited active ingredients encouraged the development of resistance among populations of the mite. Predatory mites from the family Phytoseiidae such as\u0000 Cydnoseius negevi\u0000 and the coccinellid ladybird beetle\u0000 Stethorus\u0000 spp. are associated with\u0000 O. afrasiaticus\u0000 in the field and may provide a potential source of biological control. The DDM is not easy to control; however, cultural, biological, and chemical measures are successfully used to limit the extent of damage in date palm plantations. This article summarizes and compiles recent advances pertaining to the mite taxonomy, biology, ecology, phenology and management. Additionally, future research prospects are also discussed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":399225,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125984293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews202217012
Shalander Kumar, Abhishek Das, K. Kasala, P. Ravula
Knowledge and evidence on how food value chains can deliver nutrition, especially micronutrients, are limited. A deeper understanding of the food value chains as part of agri-food systems approaches addressing hunger and malnutrition through agricultural development may provide pathways for nutrition and health outcomes.. This systematic review was undertaken using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to assess the broad topic of value chains and micronutrients, focusing on interventions and their related impact pathways. Impact pathway interventions improving micronutrient delivery and consumption were classified as production, accessibility, marketing, income, knowledge and behavioral, and finally, women’s empowerment pathways. However, the case study evidence on the micronutrient-sensitive value chains for nutritional outcomes is very scant. This review identified that making value chains micronutrient-sensitive requires a multi-stakeholder, integrated approach as a basis for concerted action among various stakeholders in terms of policy, research, strengthening partnerships and coordination, and information sharing. The review illustrates the scarcity of literature with a focus on the micronutrients in the context of food value chains and developing countries. The food value chain approach offers great potential to unpack the complexity of food systems and identify entry points and pathways for improving nutrition outcomes, especially the micronutrients. Additionally, this review identifies multiple entry points and calls for strong advocacy of nutrition-sensitive value chain approaches to combat hidden hunger.
{"title":"Micronutrient-sensitive food value chains: A systematic review of intervention strategies and impact pathways to nutritional outcomes","authors":"Shalander Kumar, Abhishek Das, K. Kasala, P. Ravula","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews202217012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews202217012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Knowledge and evidence on how food value chains can deliver nutrition, especially micronutrients, are limited. A deeper understanding of the food value chains as part of agri-food systems approaches addressing hunger and malnutrition through agricultural development may provide pathways for nutrition and health outcomes.. This systematic review was undertaken using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to assess the broad topic of value chains and micronutrients, focusing on interventions and their related impact pathways. Impact pathway interventions improving micronutrient delivery and consumption were classified as production, accessibility, marketing, income, knowledge and behavioral, and finally, women’s empowerment pathways. However, the case study evidence on the micronutrient-sensitive value chains for nutritional outcomes is very scant. This review identified that making value chains micronutrient-sensitive requires a multi-stakeholder, integrated approach as a basis for concerted action among various stakeholders in terms of policy, research, strengthening partnerships and coordination, and information sharing. The review illustrates the scarcity of literature with a focus on the micronutrients in the context of food value chains and developing countries. The food value chain approach offers great potential to unpack the complexity of food systems and identify entry points and pathways for improving nutrition outcomes, especially the micronutrients. Additionally, this review identifies multiple entry points and calls for strong advocacy of nutrition-sensitive value chain approaches to combat hidden hunger.","PeriodicalId":399225,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129860269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews202217022
Randhi Uma Devi, Kolli Balakrishna
India, which is primarily agricultural, produces approximately 683 million tonnes (MT) of crop waste. This waste is mostly used for animal feed and fuel. In India, roughly 178 MT of surplus crop leftovers and 92 MT of crop trash are burned each year because of a lack of sustainable agricultural management practices, resulting in severe air pollution. This has grown into a significant environmental issue, contributing to global warming. This crop residue burning can be prevented by adopting sustainable crop management practices through the support of government initiatives and policies. Crop waste generation, demand and feasibility differ from region to region. As a result, crop residue management plan tailored to the needs of each region should be developed. The central and state governments in India have launched a number of strategies to deal with excess crop leftovers. The majority of innovations have focused on rice husk, straw, maize waste, bagasse and banana crop waste, which account for 56% of India’s crop waste. In addition, several millet crops and cereals such as bajra, sorghum and others generate more than 352 MT of crop waste annually. These wastes are potentially available in most of the Indian states and cover 44% of crop waste, and these are not being used effectively. This review suggests advanced and practical research to develop millet crop residue management using conservation agricultural methods.
{"title":"Crop waste management: perspectives on alternative uses in India","authors":"Randhi Uma Devi, Kolli Balakrishna","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews202217022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews202217022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 India, which is primarily agricultural, produces approximately 683 million tonnes (MT) of crop waste. This waste is mostly used for animal feed and fuel. In India, roughly 178 MT of surplus crop leftovers and 92 MT of crop trash are burned each year because of a lack of sustainable agricultural management practices, resulting in severe air pollution. This has grown into a significant environmental issue, contributing to global warming. This crop residue burning can be prevented by adopting sustainable crop management practices through the support of government initiatives and policies. Crop waste generation, demand and feasibility differ from region to region. As a result, crop residue management plan tailored to the needs of each region should be developed. The central and state governments in India have launched a number of strategies to deal with excess crop leftovers. The majority of innovations have focused on rice husk, straw, maize waste, bagasse and banana crop waste, which account for 56% of India’s crop waste. In addition, several millet crops and cereals such as bajra, sorghum and others generate more than 352 MT of crop waste annually. These wastes are potentially available in most of the Indian states and cover 44% of crop waste, and these are not being used effectively. This review suggests advanced and practical research to develop millet crop residue management using conservation agricultural methods.","PeriodicalId":399225,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128851336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews202217016
Avijit Sarkar, Hemant Gupta, Avijan Dutta
Dairy value chain resilience is significant for food security and socioeconomic sustenance. Core value chain process series: milk production, milk collection, milk processing and sales and distribution duly facilitated by support activities decide the outcome of this value chain. It has become an opportunity to provide self-employment, empowerment of women and economic help to scores of poor milk producers in an emerging economy such as India. On one hand, the dairy value chain can offset the land and seasonal limitation of agriculture and on the other hand, it can shrug off the constraints gradually through economies of scale and enable market access to provide more traction for this dairy sector. Overseeing the value chain with the Three P’s dimensional (people, planet and profit) outlook, milk producer organizations can address the sector pitfalls and concern more comprehensively with the help of systematic production, services, risk assessment and periodical core stakeholders’ review.
{"title":"Dairy value chain operation and dairy producers: its impact and limitations in an emerging economy","authors":"Avijit Sarkar, Hemant Gupta, Avijan Dutta","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews202217016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews202217016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Dairy value chain resilience is significant for food security and socioeconomic sustenance. Core value chain process series: milk production, milk collection, milk processing and sales and distribution duly facilitated by support activities decide the outcome of this value chain. It has become an opportunity to provide self-employment, empowerment of women and economic help to scores of poor milk producers in an emerging economy such as India. On one hand, the dairy value chain can offset the land and seasonal limitation of agriculture and on the other hand, it can shrug off the constraints gradually through economies of scale and enable market access to provide more traction for this dairy sector. Overseeing the value chain with the Three P’s dimensional (people, planet and profit) outlook, milk producer organizations can address the sector pitfalls and concern more comprehensively with the help of systematic production, services, risk assessment and periodical core stakeholders’ review.","PeriodicalId":399225,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131538134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews202217021
L. Burbank
The bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa continues to threaten agricultural production of many different crops around the world, with significant economic burden from crop loss, disease management, and surveillance costs. In addition to direct economic consequences, plant diseases caused by X. fastidiosa have had significant societal impacts in the most affected regions. Although X. fastidiosa infects long-term perennial crops and landscape plants, there has never been a truly effective treatment for plants once they become infected. This review discusses the threat of X. fastidiosa to agriculture, landscapes, and global commerce, in addition to the most recent progress in treatment for X. fastidiosa in infected plants. Current disease mitigation options include nutritional, chemical, biocontrol, and plant resistance-based strategies, with the potential to develop combined management approaches. Overall, several strategies are promising for disease suppression but there is still opportunity for innovation, especially in treatment approaches that can be administered systemically by soil or foliar spray routes. Prevention of severe disease outcomes and crop loss, and the ability to suppress pathogen populations and reduce transmission without heavy reliance on insecticides would have significant economic and environmental benefits.
{"title":"Threat of\u0000 \u0000 Xylella fastidiosa\u0000 \u0000 and options for mitigation in infected plants","authors":"L. Burbank","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews202217021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews202217021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The bacterial pathogen\u0000 Xylella fastidiosa\u0000 continues to threaten agricultural production of many different crops around the world, with significant economic burden from crop loss, disease management, and surveillance costs. In addition to direct economic consequences, plant diseases caused by\u0000 X. fastidiosa\u0000 have had significant societal impacts in the most affected regions. Although\u0000 X. fastidiosa\u0000 infects long-term perennial crops and landscape plants, there has never been a truly effective treatment for plants once they become infected. This review discusses the threat of\u0000 X. fastidiosa\u0000 to agriculture, landscapes, and global commerce, in addition to the most recent progress in treatment for\u0000 X. fastidiosa\u0000 in infected plants. Current disease mitigation options include nutritional, chemical, biocontrol, and plant resistance-based strategies, with the potential to develop combined management approaches. Overall, several strategies are promising for disease suppression but there is still opportunity for innovation, especially in treatment approaches that can be administered systemically by soil or foliar spray routes. Prevention of severe disease outcomes and crop loss, and the ability to suppress pathogen populations and reduce transmission without heavy reliance on insecticides would have significant economic and environmental benefits.\u0000","PeriodicalId":399225,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125372211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews202217011
N. Narayanan, Maria Florida Cueto-Reaño, Seçkin Eroğlu, Yvonne Ludwig, I. Okwuonu, N. Taylor, M. Grusak
Micronutrient malnutrition is one of the major concerns noted in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. In developing countries, children under the age of five and pregnant women are at the highest risk of adverse events from micronutrient malnutrition. Staple food crops that are common in developing countries are rich in carbohydrates but low in micronutrients, especially iron. Genetic biofortification of staple food crops in farmer-preferred cultivars is a promising approach to deliver nutritious food, enhanced in iron concentration, to consumers who are at risk of malnutrition. In order to achieve biofortification, it is critical to understand the processes of iron uptake, regulation, transport dynamics, and whole-plant iron storage and how to manipulate them in individual crops. In this review, case studies of staple food crops including rice, wheat, and cassava are used to introduce iron biofortification strategies in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species, along with a discussion of consumer-based considerations for the deployment of biofortified crops also presented.
{"title":"Iron biofortification through genetic modification in rice, wheat, and cassava and its potential contribution to nutritional security","authors":"N. Narayanan, Maria Florida Cueto-Reaño, Seçkin Eroğlu, Yvonne Ludwig, I. Okwuonu, N. Taylor, M. Grusak","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews202217011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews202217011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Micronutrient malnutrition is one of the major concerns noted in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. In developing countries, children under the age of five and pregnant women are at the highest risk of adverse events from micronutrient malnutrition. Staple food crops that are common in developing countries are rich in carbohydrates but low in micronutrients, especially iron. Genetic biofortification of staple food crops in farmer-preferred cultivars is a promising approach to deliver nutritious food, enhanced in iron concentration, to consumers who are at risk of malnutrition. In order to achieve biofortification, it is critical to understand the processes of iron uptake, regulation, transport dynamics, and whole-plant iron storage and how to manipulate them in individual crops. In this review, case studies of staple food crops including rice, wheat, and cassava are used to introduce iron biofortification strategies in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species, along with a discussion of consumer-based considerations for the deployment of biofortified crops also presented.","PeriodicalId":399225,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128229182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews202217023
Abdul Jafari Shango, Philip B. Maswi, Rashid B. Malya, J. Maro, Rehema E. Mwaipopo, R. Majubwa, Ramadhan A. Kilewa, Mashamba Philipo
Ecological organic agriculture (EOA) is a holistic production management system that can solve many problems in the vegetable crops’ value chain (VC). It is, however, unclear about the EOA technologies for the fruit vegetable VC that have already been validated or are in process of validation in Tanzania. A systematic literature search on EOA technologies relevant in Tanzania was conducted for research articles from 2010 until 2021. Most 10(30.4%) studies on fruit vegetables were equally distributed each 5(15.2%) in the years 2019 and 2020, respectively. A total of 33 records on fruit vegetables covered eight (8) regions of mainland Tanzania and one (1) region from the island of Zanzibar. Most 18(55%) studies were conducted in the Morogoro region. Based on the fruit vegetable VC, 26(68.4%) studies were for field establishment and management. Nine (9) key areas were identified, where most 9(27.3%) studies were on crop productivity and protection. Seventeen (17) EOA technologies were applied in fruit vegetables, mostly biocontrol 7(21%) in tomatoes. Overall, 27(81.8%) studies only researched the EOA technologies, while 3(9.1%) studies validated the EOA technologies, 2(6.1%) researches were in progress, and 1(3.0%) was progressing validation. Few 3(9.1%) studies portrayed the involvement of youth and women using the principles of participatory action research (PAR) during the validation. Generally, the EOA technologies are readily available, require minimal skills and labour, are cost-effective, sustainable, easily implementable in the fruit vegetable VC and can be simply accessed and utilized in cultivating organic fruit vegetables.
{"title":"Advances and trends in ecological organic agriculture (EOA) technologies and research on fruit vegetables produced in Tanzania","authors":"Abdul Jafari Shango, Philip B. Maswi, Rashid B. Malya, J. Maro, Rehema E. Mwaipopo, R. Majubwa, Ramadhan A. Kilewa, Mashamba Philipo","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews202217023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews202217023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Ecological organic agriculture (EOA) is a holistic production management system that can solve many problems in the vegetable crops’ value chain (VC). It is, however, unclear about the EOA technologies for the fruit vegetable VC that have already been validated or are in process of validation in Tanzania. A systematic literature search on EOA technologies relevant in Tanzania was conducted for research articles from 2010 until 2021. Most 10(30.4%) studies on fruit vegetables were equally distributed each 5(15.2%) in the years 2019 and 2020, respectively. A total of 33 records on fruit vegetables covered eight (8) regions of mainland Tanzania and one (1) region from the island of Zanzibar. Most 18(55%) studies were conducted in the Morogoro region. Based on the fruit vegetable VC, 26(68.4%) studies were for field establishment and management. Nine (9) key areas were identified, where most 9(27.3%) studies were on crop productivity and protection. Seventeen (17) EOA technologies were applied in fruit vegetables, mostly biocontrol 7(21%) in tomatoes. Overall, 27(81.8%) studies only researched the EOA technologies, while 3(9.1%) studies validated the EOA technologies, 2(6.1%) researches were in progress, and 1(3.0%) was progressing validation. Few 3(9.1%) studies portrayed the involvement of youth and women using the principles of participatory action research (PAR) during the validation. Generally, the EOA technologies are readily available, require minimal skills and labour, are cost-effective, sustainable, easily implementable in the fruit vegetable VC and can be simply accessed and utilized in cultivating organic fruit vegetables.","PeriodicalId":399225,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127597959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews202217018
C. Mergenthaler, M. Gurp, E. Rood, M. Bakker
In recent years, the global spread of communicable diseases such as Ebola and COVID-19 has stressed the need for clear, geographically targeted, and actionable public health recommendations at appropriate spatial scales. Country-level stakeholders are increasingly utilizing spatial data and spatial decision support systems to optimize resource allocation, and researchers have access to a growing library of spatial data, tools, and software. Application of spatial methods, however, varies widely between researchers, resulting in often unstandardized results, which may be difficult to compare across geographical settings. This literature review aims to compare epidemiological studies, which applies methods including spatial autocorrelation to describe, explain, or predict spatial patterns underlying infectious disease health outcomes, and to describe whether those studies provide clear recommendations. The results of our analysis show an increasing trend in the number of publications applying spatial analysis in epidemiological research per year, with COVID-19, tuberculosis and dengue predominantly studied (43% of n = 98 total articles), and a majority of publication coming from Asia (62%). Spatial autocorrelation was quantified in the majority of studies (72%), and 57 (58%) of articles include some form of statistical modeling of which 11 (19%) accounted for spatial autocorrelation in the model. Most studies (68%) provided some level of recommendation regarding how results should be interpreted for future research or policy development, however often using vague, cautious terms. We recommend the development of standards for spatial epidemiological methods and reporting, and for spatial epidemiological studies to more clearly propose how their findings support or challenge current public health practice.
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