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Hamar Imre: A kínai buddhizmus története. Konfuciusz Könyvtár 2
Pub Date : 2019-03-30 DOI: 10.38144/tkt.2018.1.9
Melinda Pap
Hamar Imre: A kínai buddhizmus története.Konfuciusz Könyvtár 2. ELTE Konfuciusz Intézet;Budapest 2017.
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引用次数: 0
Kortárs Japanológia II. (Károli Könyvek.) Japánnyelv-pedagógia Magyarországon
Pub Date : 2019-03-30 DOI: 10.38144/tkt.2018.1.11
Attila Vargha
Kortárs Japanológia II.Japánnyelv-pedagógia Magyarországon.Szerkesztették: Wakai Seiji, Sági Attila.Károli Könyvek. Károli Gáspár Református EgyetemL’Harmattan Kiadó, Budapest, 2017.
Contemporary Japanese Studies II.Japanese language pedagogy in Hungary.Edited by Wakai Seiji, Attila Sági.Károli Books.Károli Gáspár Reformed UniversityL'Harmattan Kiadó, Budapest, 2017.
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引用次数: 0
A terhesség és magzatkép az Edo-kor második felében
Pub Date : 2019-03-30 DOI: 10.38144/tkt.2018.1.5
Andrea Csendom
In this paper I analyze primary sources to reveal the image of the fetus inthe second half of 18th century Japan. While discussing the topic in general,I focus mainly on the decrees issued by Matsudaira Sadanobu to reducemabiki (infanticide). Through official texts we can approach not only the imageof the fetus, but also people’s opinion about childbirth and pregnancy. I point out that the Kansei period was a turning point in both the regulations issuedby the authorities and the general image of the fetus shared by commonpeople. I argue that we find the reason of the new mabiki policy of the periodin the Tokugawa shogunate’s social system and economic problems. In thesecond half of the 18th century the regime had to re-evaluate birth controland social welfare. This new political atmosphere clearly influenced people’sideas. The growing interest in children at the timeemerges in Santō Kyōden’sliterary works. Though killing the fetus or the newborn child was a seriousand sad event for the parents, Kyōden could encode the topic in a form thatcould be laughed at. Therefore, reading offered a kind of solution to theconflict that appeared between in the real dangers of giving birth, and theconcrete difficulties of everyday life.
本文通过对原始资料的分析,揭示了18世纪下半叶日本的胎儿形象。在讨论这个话题的同时,我主要关注松田贞信颁布的减少杀婴行为的法令。通过官方文本,我们不仅可以了解胎儿的形象,还可以了解人们对分娩和怀孕的看法。我指出,无论是当局颁布的法规,还是普通民众对胎儿的普遍印象,感性时期都是一个转折点。笔者认为,我们可以从德川幕府的社会制度和经济问题中找到新封号政策产生的原因。在18世纪下半叶,政府不得不重新评估生育控制和社会福利。这种新的政治气氛显然影响了人们的观点。在桑井Kyōden的文学作品中,人们对儿童的兴趣日益浓厚。虽然杀死胎儿或新生儿对父母来说是一件严重而悲伤的事情,但Kyōden可以将这个话题编码成一种可以被嘲笑的形式。因此,阅读为分娩的现实危险与日常生活的具体困难之间的冲突提供了一种解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
A „Nóra-jelenség” és az ibsenizmus szerepe a 20. századi kínai dráma fejlődésében
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.38144/tkt.2017.2.4
B. Nyirádi
The 19th-century Norwegian playwright, Henrik Ibsen had an unparalleled,posthumous impact on the development of modern Chinese drama. How isit possible that he could influence the literature of a country so remote inspace and so different in its literary traditions? History is a key factor in thisstory. Early 20th century China was at the threshold of taking radical measures in reforming its society, and she was badly in need of a supporting ideology. Ibsen was a thinker and dramatist who, by means of presenting acutesocial problems in his plays, deeply influenced the society of his age. Hedid so in a realistic way and with the help of a clear language, both of whichfactors extremely appealed to modern Chinese intellectuals. It can be stated that it was to a great extent through Ibsen’s plays, mostimportantly through Nora, that modern Chinese intellectuals discovered thelong-range possibilities lying in the adoption of Western dramatic form,namely, transforming minds. Nora stirred the pond water of Chinese society,and came to symbolize the rebellion of the ‘Free Individual’: something that had no precedent whatsoever in China but what has long been in theair. Modern Chinese playwrights began to imitate Ibsen with great fervour,resulting in the flourishing of the social problem play, featuring brave andmodern ‘Chinese Noras’. Although advanced thinkers soon had to realize thatthe ideas of Ibsen cannot simply be adopted but must first be modified to beable to credibly represent contemporary Chinese social, cultural and moralreality, the ‘Nora-phenomenon’ and Ibsenism played a vital role in setting offthe literary and cultural reform in early 20th-century China.
19世纪挪威剧作家易卜生在死后对中国现代戏剧的发展产生了无与伦比的影响。他怎么可能影响一个空间如此遥远、文学传统如此不同的国家的文学呢?历史是这个故事的关键因素。20世纪初,中国正处于社会改革的激进阶段,她急需一种意识形态的支持。易卜生是一位思想家和戏剧家,他通过在戏剧中呈现尖锐的社会问题,深刻地影响了他那个时代的社会。他这样做的方式是现实的,并借助清晰的语言,这两个因素都极具吸引力的现代中国知识分子。可以说,现代中国知识分子在很大程度上是通过易卜生的戏剧,尤其是通过《诺拉》,发现了采用西方戏剧形式的长远可能性,即改造思想。诺拉搅动了中国社会的池水,并成为对“自由个人”的反叛的象征:这在中国从来没有先例,但在空气中早已存在。中国近代剧作家开始热情地模仿易卜生,导致了社会问题剧的蓬勃发展,以勇敢而现代的“中国诺拉”为特色。虽然先进的思想家很快就意识到易卜生的思想不能简单地采用,而必须首先进行修改,以便能够可信地代表当代中国的社会、文化和道德现实,但“诺拉现象”和易卜生主义在20世纪初中国文学和文化改革中发挥了至关重要的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Kőbe faragott viseletek vizsgálata Banteay Sreiben, Kambodzsában
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.38144/tkt.2017.1.9
Borbála Száva
The objective of my doctoral research is to interpret the meaning of thecostumes of female figural depictions on the walls of Banteay Srei and ofother contemporary buildings erected in the 10th century. This study couldhopefully also shed new light on the hitherto unsatisfactorily solved questionof the dating of the construction periods of the Banteay Srei sanctuary. Thearchitectural and art historical research of Banteay Srei temple has been afundamental topic in Angkorean research for decades. In 2013 and 2014, I spent altogether six months in Angkor to collect allthe data of the carved and sculpted costume depictions belonging to the socalled Banteay Srei style. I established a complete catalogue of more than550 figural depictions found on site on the walls of Banteay Srei templecomplex (including all human and mythological figures which are depictedwith clothes or jewellery), and also other contemporary edifices found currently in Cambodia and Thailand, as well as in different museum collections all around the world. With the help of this database, I interpreted thedepictions in their cultural, religious, architectural and narrative context. In order to achieve my field research it was crucial to obtain an officialresearch permit issued by the APSARA Authority, the state institution thatis responsible for protecting the Angkor monuments. As a result of my personal presentation, I got the generous support of the Authority and I gainedaccess to several sculptural collections, as well as researchers’ and museumcollection databases. The personal collaboration with young researchers working at the APSARA Authority has made it possible for me to visit and document various monuments in remote areas. To access these ruins, we manytimes relied on the local people, mainly kids, even though we were wellprepared and well equipped with modern navigational knowledge and tools.In addition to the scientific documentation, the greatest achievement of theseresearch trips was that I have learned to trust the guidance of the ’local world’.
我博士研究的目的是解读班泰寺和其他建于10世纪的当代建筑墙壁上的女性形象描绘的服装含义。这项研究也有望为迄今为止尚未令人满意的Banteay Srei保护区建设时期的年代确定问题提供新的线索。几十年来,班迭寺的建筑和艺术史研究一直是韩国研究的基本课题。2013年和2014年,我在吴哥总共花了六个月的时间,收集了所有属于所谓的Banteay Srei风格的雕刻和雕刻服装描绘的数据。我建立了一个完整的目录,其中包括在Banteay Srei寺庙建筑群的墙壁上发现的550多幅人物描绘(包括所有用衣服或珠宝描绘的人类和神话人物),以及目前在柬埔寨和泰国发现的其他当代建筑,以及世界各地不同的博物馆收藏。在这个数据库的帮助下,我从文化、宗教、建筑和叙事的语境中解读这些描绘。为了完成我的实地研究,获得APSARA管理局颁发的官方研究许可证至关重要,APSARA管理局是负责保护吴哥古迹的国家机构。由于我的个人展示,我得到了管理局的慷慨支持,我获得了几个雕塑收藏,以及研究人员和博物馆收藏数据库的访问权。与APSARA管理局的年轻研究人员的个人合作使我有可能参观和记录偏远地区的各种古迹。为了进入这些废墟,我们经常依靠当地人,主要是孩子,尽管我们准备充分,配备了现代导航知识和工具。除了科学文献之外,这些研究之旅最大的成就是我学会了相信“当地世界”的指导。
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引用次数: 0
Egy Ming-kori kardvívó kézikönyv bemutatása és fordítása
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.38144/tkt.2017.2.3
Áron Somogyi
The Wubei zhi 武備志 is a comprehensive military encyclopaedia, compiledby Mao Yuanyi 茅元儀 in the early 17th century. It contains several martialart manuals, recording fighting systems of different weapons used by theMing military. Among these fightbooks, there is a fencing manual, which isthe first known recorded description of the fencing system of the Chinesedouble edged straight sword (jian 劍). This paper introduces the fencing manual by investigating its historical and military context, points out its relevance in the study of Chinese military history, and provides the Hungarian translation of the text with commentaries. Based on the example of thejian manual, the article also proposes the application of the interdisciplinaryresearch methods of historical European martial art studies on Ming Chinesemartial art manuals to obtain previously unknown knowledge about Chinesemilitary history.
《武备志》是一部综合性的军事百科全书,由毛元益于17世纪初编著。它包含了几本武术手册,记录了明朝军队使用的不同武器的战斗系统。在这些格斗书中,有一本击剑手册,这是已知的第一个记录中国双刃直剑(剑)击剑系统的描述。本文通过考察《击剑手册》的历史和军事背景,对其进行介绍,指出其与中国军事史研究的相关性,并对其匈牙利语译本进行了评注。本文还以《剑》手册为例,提出将欧洲历史武术研究的跨学科研究方法应用于明代中国武术手册,以获得以前未知的中国军事史知识。
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引用次数: 0
Taoista nézőpontok a nyelvértelmezésben és értékelméletben II.
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.38144/TKT.2018.1.3
András Várnai
The Taoist teaching breaks with the Confucian standards, norms and values.The discernment and striving of the wise (shengren 聖人) were focused oncomplying with dao 道. The internal strain of Laozi is due particularly to the fact that that insome way it says something about 'the unspeakable' and while ‘speaking theineffability’ it declares the dao to be incomprehensible and unfathomable.The human construction of opinion creates “names” (ming 名), but any denomination will spoil the harmony between dao and de 德. Knowledge whichcannot be expressed in words is the ‘knowledge’ of the “sage man” (shengren聖人), which introduces into the “influence”, the “operation” (de 德) of thehidden, non-experienceable dao. By “non-action” (wuwei 無為) the “sageman” will achieve non-intervention; that is to say, identifying with the daohelps it to be presented through him. The Zhuangzi, questioning the method of cognition based on distinctions,will ask whether it is possible to talk about “reality” (shi 實), or our solutionsare illusory, since a name is merely “pointing a finger” (zhi 指), “the nameis the guest of reality”. For the shengren there is no “this” (shi 是) or “that”(bi 彼), or privilege of any object or value: he sees things in unity, in theunity of dao. Teaching about dao cannot be conveyed by words: understanding of things is only possible by direct intuitive insight. The Laozi presents the Confucian values – such as “ceremony” (li 禮),“humanity” (ren 仁), “fairness” (yi 義), “respect for parents” (xiao 孝) - as aconsequence of the loss of the dao. According to the Zhuangzi, access tothe dao requires departure from “All-Under-Heaven” (tianxia 天下), fromthe hierarchical world of people, from civilization. 
道家学说与儒家学说的标准、规范和价值观念是决裂的。智者的辨明和努力集中在遵循道。《老子》的内在张力主要是由于这样一个事实,即在某种程度上,它说了一些“不可言说”的东西,而在“说不可言说”的时候,它宣称道是不可理解和深不可测的。人类的意见建构创造了“名”,但任何名称都会破坏道与德之间的和谐。不能用语言表达的知识是“圣人”的“知识”,它将隐藏的、不可体验的道的“操作”引入“影响”。通过“无为”(无为),“智者”将实现不干预;也就是说,认同道有助于通过他来呈现。庄子,质疑基于区别的认知方法,会问是否有可能谈论“现实”,或者我们的解决方案是虚幻的,因为一个名字只是“指向一个手指”(芝),“名字是现实的客人”。对于盛人来说,没有“这个”或“那个”,也没有任何对象或价值的特权:他在统一中看待事物,在道的统一中看待事物。关于道的教导不能用言语来传达:对事物的理解只能通过直接的直觉洞察力来实现。《老子》将儒家的价值观——如“礼”、“仁”、“义”、“孝”——作为失去道的结果。根据庄子的说法,要想进入道,就必须脱离“天下”,脱离人的等级世界,脱离文明。
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引用次数: 0
A hagyományos kabuki és a shinpa háborúja a 19–20. század fordulóján
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.38144/tkt.2017.2.6
Petra Doma
After the Meiji restoration 明治維新 (1868), Western culture flooded intoJapan. This effect not only changed the political, economical and social lifebut also caused an enormous shock in people’s everyday life. The absolutelydominant and traditional Japanese theatre, the kabuki was no exception tothis tendency either. At the beginning kabuki was planned to be reformed inorder to cope with the new challenges, but eventually it could not be renewed.In addition, a new theatrical genre was born in the 1880’s, which defined itself in opposition to kabuki. The new school, called shinpa, applied severalmodern techniques, therefore it became extremely popular with the audience.This study focuses on the vivid competition, or even ‘battle’, of the kabukiand shinpa at the beginning of the 20th century.
明治维新后,西方文化涌入日本。这种影响不仅改变了政治、经济和社会生活,而且对人们的日常生活造成了巨大的冲击。占绝对主导地位的传统日本戏剧,歌舞伎也不例外。起初,歌舞伎计划进行改革,以应对新的挑战,但最终无法更新。此外,一种新的戏剧类型在19世纪80年代诞生,它将自己定义为与歌舞伎相对立的。这种新流派被称为“新派”,运用了几种现代技巧,因此在观众中非常受欢迎。本研究聚焦于20世纪初歌舞伎与神道的生动竞争,甚至是“战斗”。
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引用次数: 0
Permanent International Altaistic Conference 60 常设国际阿尔泰会议
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.38144/tkt.2017.2.12
Á. B. Apatóczky
A Permanent International Altaistic Conference (PIAC) 60. jubileumi ülésszakát 2017-ben a Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem BölcsészettudományiKar Keleti Nyelvek és Kultúrák Intézetének (KRE BTK KNYKI) szervezésében tartották meg Székesfehérváron augusztus 27. és szeptember 1. között.
8 月 27 日至 9 月 1 日,Károli Gáspár 改革大学(KRE BTK KNYKI)人文学院东方语言和文化研究所在 Székesfehérvár 举办了 2017 年阿尔泰学派常设国际会议(PIAC)60 周年纪念会议。
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引用次数: 0
A japán konfucianizmus: Kiri Paramore: Japanese Confucianism. A Cultural History. A japán konfucianizmus: Kiri Paramore:日本儒学。文化史。
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.38144/TKT.2017.2.11
Mária Ildikó Farkas
A japán konfucianizmusKiri Paramore:Japanese Confucianism. A Cultural History.Cambridge: University Press, 2016.
A japán konfucianizmusKiri Paramore:日本儒学。文化史。剑桥:大学出版社,2016。
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引用次数: 0
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