Abstract Primary renal origin of Ewing sarcoma/PNET (primitive neuroectodermal tumor) is a rare entity in the adult population and has an aggressive outcome. The entity was first coined by Arthur Purdy stout in 1918 and recognized under family of small round cell tumor. Radiologically it is difficult to distinguish from primary clear cell carcinoma of kidney from Ewing/PNET. Diagnosis of this requires histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and cytogenetics studies. A 40-year-old female presented with hematuria and radiology found a mass lower pole of left kidney with extension into renal hilum. Nephrectomy was done for the case and the histopathology diagnosis of small round cell tumor of left kidney was given. Followed by IHC, diagnosis of malignant round cell tumor was suggestive of Ewing sarcoma. Microscopy showed cells with small, round, hyperchromatic nuclei, scant cytoplasm, and inconspicuous nucleoli. Increased mitosis was noted (15/10 high power field). Multiple foci of pseudorosettes, areas of hemorrhage, and necrosis lymphovascular emboli were seen. IHC done outside showed NKX 2-2, synaptophysin positivity, CD99 diffuse membranous positivity, cytokeratin perinuclear dot like positivity, and negative for CD20, CD3, desmin, CD34, S100, and Pax8. Impression of malignant round cell tumor was suggestive of Ewing sarcoma. Ewing sarcoma is one of the rare yet highly aggressive tumors. This should be kept as differential diagnosis in young adults with renal mass, as on radiologically it cannot be differentiated from renal cell carcinoma. Diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma is done using histopathology, IHC, and cytogenetic study. Early diagnosis helps in initiation of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy and helps in increasing the survival rate.
{"title":"Ewing Sarcoma of Kidney: A Rare Entity","authors":"V. Aithal A., Sajitha K., M. Mathias","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1786993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1786993","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Primary renal origin of Ewing sarcoma/PNET (primitive neuroectodermal tumor) is a rare entity in the adult population and has an aggressive outcome. The entity was first coined by Arthur Purdy stout in 1918 and recognized under family of small round cell tumor. Radiologically it is difficult to distinguish from primary clear cell carcinoma of kidney from Ewing/PNET. Diagnosis of this requires histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and cytogenetics studies. A 40-year-old female presented with hematuria and radiology found a mass lower pole of left kidney with extension into renal hilum. Nephrectomy was done for the case and the histopathology diagnosis of small round cell tumor of left kidney was given. Followed by IHC, diagnosis of malignant round cell tumor was suggestive of Ewing sarcoma. Microscopy showed cells with small, round, hyperchromatic nuclei, scant cytoplasm, and inconspicuous nucleoli. Increased mitosis was noted (15/10 high power field). Multiple foci of pseudorosettes, areas of hemorrhage, and necrosis lymphovascular emboli were seen. IHC done outside showed NKX 2-2, synaptophysin positivity, CD99 diffuse membranous positivity, cytokeratin perinuclear dot like positivity, and negative for CD20, CD3, desmin, CD34, S100, and Pax8. Impression of malignant round cell tumor was suggestive of Ewing sarcoma. Ewing sarcoma is one of the rare yet highly aggressive tumors. This should be kept as differential diagnosis in young adults with renal mass, as on radiologically it cannot be differentiated from renal cell carcinoma. Diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma is done using histopathology, IHC, and cytogenetic study. Early diagnosis helps in initiation of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy and helps in increasing the survival rate.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pooja Vijayan, Kishan Prasad Hosapatna Laxminarayana, Jayaprakash Shetty K., Shruthi Shruthi, A. K.
Abstract Sarcomatoid intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is an uncommon tumor that accounts for fewer than 1% of hepatobiliary system cancers. Frequently exhibits weight loss, fever, and stomach pain. This case study describes a 72-year-old woman who had been experiencing nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain for the previous 2 months. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of sarcomatoid cholangiocarcinoma.
{"title":"Sarcomatoid Cholangiocarcinoma: An Unusual Tumor Posing Diagnostic Challenges","authors":"Pooja Vijayan, Kishan Prasad Hosapatna Laxminarayana, Jayaprakash Shetty K., Shruthi Shruthi, A. K.","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1787557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1787557","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sarcomatoid intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is an uncommon tumor that accounts for fewer than 1% of hepatobiliary system cancers. Frequently exhibits weight loss, fever, and stomach pain. This case study describes a 72-year-old woman who had been experiencing nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain for the previous 2 months. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of sarcomatoid cholangiocarcinoma.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objectives Neck pain is a broad term that encompasses both nonspecific neck pain and neck pain-related disorders. It causes discomfort, impaired quality of life, disability, and affects workability alike in men as well as women. This study was designed to determine prevalence and evaluate the association of different factors with the occurrence of nonspecific neck pain in working women. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on working women ( n = 196) age group between 25 and 53 years. A Google Form of the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Risk Factors Associated With Non-Specific Neck Pain scale and Neck Disability Index (NDI) scale was given to individuals and further objective assessment of physical factors was conducted. Statistical Analysis The association between individual, workplace, lifestyle, physical and psychological factors, and NDI levels of disability was also investigated using Pearson's correlation test and the chi-squared test using SPSS version 28.0. Results Frequency of nonspecific neck pain in working women was 47.55%. Marital status was a significant (χ 2 = 8.89) factor toward occurrence of neck pain in working women. Number of working hours/week (χ 2 = 19.97), number of hours spend for entertainment on the computer (χ 2 = 41.84), and height of keyboard & mouse (χ 2 = 18.52) were significant factors leading to neck pain at workplace. Lifestyle factors such as mobile phones usage ( p -value = 0.02) and posture assumed while using them (χ 2 = 19.56) were significantly associated with neck disability. Levels of disability were significantly influenced by physical factors like tragus-to-wall tests ( r = 0.33) and cervical flexion and extension ranges ( r = 0.41 and r = 0.31). Importantly, psychological factors were strongly associated with neck pain and disability. Conclusion Factors under psychological, workplace, and lifestyle domains were found significantly associated with nonspecific neck pain in working women.
{"title":"Identification of Factors Associated with Nonspecific Neck Pain in Working Women","authors":"Reetika Yadav, Pragya Kumar, J. K. Chawla","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1786994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1786994","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives Neck pain is a broad term that encompasses both nonspecific neck pain and neck pain-related disorders. It causes discomfort, impaired quality of life, disability, and affects workability alike in men as well as women. This study was designed to determine prevalence and evaluate the association of different factors with the occurrence of nonspecific neck pain in working women. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on working women ( n = 196) age group between 25 and 53 years. A Google Form of the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Risk Factors Associated With Non-Specific Neck Pain scale and Neck Disability Index (NDI) scale was given to individuals and further objective assessment of physical factors was conducted. Statistical Analysis The association between individual, workplace, lifestyle, physical and psychological factors, and NDI levels of disability was also investigated using Pearson's correlation test and the chi-squared test using SPSS version 28.0. Results Frequency of nonspecific neck pain in working women was 47.55%. Marital status was a significant (χ 2 = 8.89) factor toward occurrence of neck pain in working women. Number of working hours/week (χ 2 = 19.97), number of hours spend for entertainment on the computer (χ 2 = 41.84), and height of keyboard & mouse (χ 2 = 18.52) were significant factors leading to neck pain at workplace. Lifestyle factors such as mobile phones usage ( p -value = 0.02) and posture assumed while using them (χ 2 = 19.56) were significantly associated with neck disability. Levels of disability were significantly influenced by physical factors like tragus-to-wall tests ( r = 0.33) and cervical flexion and extension ranges ( r = 0.41 and r = 0.31). Importantly, psychological factors were strongly associated with neck pain and disability. Conclusion Factors under psychological, workplace, and lifestyle domains were found significantly associated with nonspecific neck pain in working women.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background Nurses are the backbone of the health care system and the largest health care force in the world. They work in multidisciplinary areas in hospitals, nursing homes, government and private sectors, and research and development, which makes them the most stressful personnel in clinical areas. Objectives This paper aims to explore occupational stress, strain, and coping among nurses working in a hospital in Bengaluru. Methodology A nonexperimental hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2, 2022, to December 2, 2022, using a purposive sampling technique. A total of 77 nurses from different areas participated in the study. Data were collected by the researcher himself through the revised version of the Occupational Stress Inventory scale. Descriptive statistics were used with the mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage. To check the association, chi-square analysis was used. Results The research shows that the majority of the nurses had maladaptive stress in terms of role insufficiency, role ambiguity, role boundary, and physical environment (PE). It was observed that there was a high level of vocational strain (VS) and interpersonal strain with an average social support system (SS) among nurses. A significant association was found between gender and occupational role questionnaire (ORQ) factors like PE, designation of the nurse and ORQ in the area of responsibility, and PE of the working area. In the personal strain questionnaire factor, VS was significantly associated with gender. Furthermore, a significant association was also found between gender and personal resources questionnaire factors like self-care coping and SS coping skills. Conclusion Our data suggested a moderate to high level of occupational stress with less SS among nurses. Consequently, it is imperative for health care organizations to acknowledge the existence of occupational stress and collaborate toward devising a resolution, enabling nurses to provide patients with optimal care.
{"title":"Occupational Stress, Strain, and Coping among Nursing Personnel: A Hospital-Based Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Shamili Kowshik, Dhanpal Hn, Rahul Shil","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1786992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1786992","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Nurses are the backbone of the health care system and the largest health care force in the world. They work in multidisciplinary areas in hospitals, nursing homes, government and private sectors, and research and development, which makes them the most stressful personnel in clinical areas. Objectives This paper aims to explore occupational stress, strain, and coping among nurses working in a hospital in Bengaluru. Methodology A nonexperimental hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2, 2022, to December 2, 2022, using a purposive sampling technique. A total of 77 nurses from different areas participated in the study. Data were collected by the researcher himself through the revised version of the Occupational Stress Inventory scale. Descriptive statistics were used with the mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage. To check the association, chi-square analysis was used. Results The research shows that the majority of the nurses had maladaptive stress in terms of role insufficiency, role ambiguity, role boundary, and physical environment (PE). It was observed that there was a high level of vocational strain (VS) and interpersonal strain with an average social support system (SS) among nurses. A significant association was found between gender and occupational role questionnaire (ORQ) factors like PE, designation of the nurse and ORQ in the area of responsibility, and PE of the working area. In the personal strain questionnaire factor, VS was significantly associated with gender. Furthermore, a significant association was also found between gender and personal resources questionnaire factors like self-care coping and SS coping skills. Conclusion Our data suggested a moderate to high level of occupational stress with less SS among nurses. Consequently, it is imperative for health care organizations to acknowledge the existence of occupational stress and collaborate toward devising a resolution, enabling nurses to provide patients with optimal care.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed Shaji, S. Bhandary, Simna Abhilash, Dhvani Abhijit Tanna
Abstract Primary teeth have considerably fewer anomalies than permanent teeth. Rarely does a primary canine have two roots. This kind of strange abnormality could cause issues with exfoliation or extraction. The significance of anomalies must be emphasized to make a proper diagnosis and ensure a successful course of therapy. As far as we are aware, Dakshina Kannada district has never previously reported a maxillary deciduous canine with two roots. The objective of this case study was to raise awareness of the potential morphological changes in deciduous canines and to emphasize the implications of precise diagnosis and radiographic imaging from various viewpoints. To allow a better treatment outcome and prevent unintended problems, clinicians should take into account all potential tooth abnormalities or anomalies, following a periodic intraoral and radiographic evaluations.
{"title":"A Report of a Rare Case of Bi-Rooted Bimaxillary Deciduous Canines","authors":"Mohamed Shaji, S. Bhandary, Simna Abhilash, Dhvani Abhijit Tanna","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1787555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1787555","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Primary teeth have considerably fewer anomalies than permanent teeth. Rarely does a primary canine have two roots. This kind of strange abnormality could cause issues with exfoliation or extraction. The significance of anomalies must be emphasized to make a proper diagnosis and ensure a successful course of therapy. As far as we are aware, Dakshina Kannada district has never previously reported a maxillary deciduous canine with two roots. The objective of this case study was to raise awareness of the potential morphological changes in deciduous canines and to emphasize the implications of precise diagnosis and radiographic imaging from various viewpoints. To allow a better treatment outcome and prevent unintended problems, clinicians should take into account all potential tooth abnormalities or anomalies, following a periodic intraoral and radiographic evaluations.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141372713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diaphragmatic plication is the recommended surgical procedure for the treatment of diaphragmatic eventration in those who have failed conservative care. The present case report describes a 63-year-old male patient who presented with breathlessness on exertional activities. Chest X-ray and Computed Tomography (CT) of the thorax revealed diaphragmatic eventration on the right side. After failed conservative management, the patient underwent diaphragmatic plication surgery and was followed up with postoperative physical therapy management. Physical therapy intervention was started from 3 days postsurgery and was continued for 1 week. The treatment goals focused on reducing breathlessness, reducing pain on the incision site, preventing postoperative complications, and improving functional capacity. The present study highlights the benefits of early physical therapy interventions including incentive spirometer, dyspnea relieving techniques, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), and light- to moderate-intensity aerobic exercises in the patient after plication surgery.
膈肌成形术是治疗保守治疗失败的膈肌偶发症的推荐手术方法。本病例报告描述了一名 63 岁的男性患者，他在劳累时出现呼吸困难。胸部 X 光片和计算机断层扫描（CT）显示其右侧横膈膜偶发症。保守治疗无效后，患者接受了横膈膜固定手术，并在术后接受了物理治疗。物理治疗干预从术后 3 天开始，持续 1 周。治疗目标主要集中在减少呼吸困难、减轻切口部位疼痛、预防术后并发症和提高功能能力上。本研究强调了早期物理治疗干预的益处，包括激励式肺活量计、呼吸困难缓解技术、经皮神经电刺激（TENS）和轻中度强度的有氧运动。
{"title":"Early Physical Therapy Management of a Patient with Diaphragmatic Eventration Following Diaphragmatic Plication: A Case Report","authors":"Dipika Prajapati, Abeeshna Ashok","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1782642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1782642","url":null,"abstract":"Diaphragmatic plication is the recommended surgical procedure for the treatment of diaphragmatic eventration in those who have failed conservative care. The present case report describes a 63-year-old male patient who presented with breathlessness on exertional activities. Chest X-ray and Computed Tomography (CT) of the thorax revealed diaphragmatic eventration on the right side. After failed conservative management, the patient underwent diaphragmatic plication surgery and was followed up with postoperative physical therapy management. Physical therapy intervention was started from 3 days postsurgery and was continued for 1 week. The treatment goals focused on reducing breathlessness, reducing pain on the incision site, preventing postoperative complications, and improving functional capacity. The present study highlights the benefits of early physical therapy interventions including incentive spirometer, dyspnea relieving techniques, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), and light- to moderate-intensity aerobic exercises in the patient after plication surgery.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction Cervical cancer manifests in the cervix cells, the lower part of the uterus connecting to the vagina. Similar to other cancers, the exact cause of cervical cancer remains uncertain and idiopathic. However, it is established that the human papilloma virus plays a significant role in initiating cellular changes in the cervix. In India, the lack of cancer awareness and screening facilities results in many women presenting at an advanced and deadly stage of the disease, negatively impacting their prognosis and clinical outcomes. Methods A total of 255 women aged between 18 and 45 years, who were either patients or accompanying bystanders at a tertiary care hospital, were selected using purposive sampling technique. Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics were used to represent the sociodemographic characteristics levels. Association of sociodemographic variables levels is determined using chi-squared test. Results The mean age of the participants was 31.83 ± 6.83 years, majority (162 [63.5%]) were living in a rural area, most (175 [68.6%]) of the participants were married, majority (254 [99.6%]) of the subjects were not having any family history of cervical cancer, most (202 [79.2%]) of the participants were having a single sexual partner, majority (108 [42.4%]) were not having any information on cervical cancer, most (134 [52.5%]) of the participants were unaware of cervical cancer screening, 39 (15.3%) were aware but delaying, 26 (10.2%) were aware, 17 (6.7%) were aware but not decided to do, 16 (6.3%) were aware but undecided, and 21 (8.2%) were in “others” category. Conclusion Although women are having good knowledge and positive attitude toward cervical cancer screening and prevention, still there is a gap to transform it into practice. There is a need for more educational programs to connect identified knowledge slits and uplift regular practice of cervical cancer screening.
{"title":"Assessment of Knowledge on Cervical Cancer among Women with a View to Develop Information Booklet","authors":"Chetan Naik, Priya Jyothi Monteiro","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1787132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1787132","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Introduction Cervical cancer manifests in the cervix cells, the lower part of the uterus connecting to the vagina. Similar to other cancers, the exact cause of cervical cancer remains uncertain and idiopathic. However, it is established that the human papilloma virus plays a significant role in initiating cellular changes in the cervix. In India, the lack of cancer awareness and screening facilities results in many women presenting at an advanced and deadly stage of the disease, negatively impacting their prognosis and clinical outcomes.\u0000 Methods A total of 255 women aged between 18 and 45 years, who were either patients or accompanying bystanders at a tertiary care hospital, were selected using purposive sampling technique.\u0000 Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics were used to represent the sociodemographic characteristics levels. Association of sociodemographic variables levels is determined using chi-squared test.\u0000 Results The mean age of the participants was 31.83 ± 6.83 years, majority (162 [63.5%]) were living in a rural area, most (175 [68.6%]) of the participants were married, majority (254 [99.6%]) of the subjects were not having any family history of cervical cancer, most (202 [79.2%]) of the participants were having a single sexual partner, majority (108 [42.4%]) were not having any information on cervical cancer, most (134 [52.5%]) of the participants were unaware of cervical cancer screening, 39 (15.3%) were aware but delaying, 26 (10.2%) were aware, 17 (6.7%) were aware but not decided to do, 16 (6.3%) were aware but undecided, and 21 (8.2%) were in “others” category.\u0000 Conclusion Although women are having good knowledge and positive attitude toward cervical cancer screening and prevention, still there is a gap to transform it into practice. There is a need for more educational programs to connect identified knowledge slits and uplift regular practice of cervical cancer screening.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141266391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Swati Goyal, Prajwal Kumar E., Chethana P. Murthy, Prashanth P. Prabhu
Background: In audiology, the service model has always been practitioner-centric or techno-centric. However, the model has evolved into client-centric over the years. Patient centeredness is a growing trend in healthcare as it improves the outcomes of the intervention and patient satisfaction. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the preferences of undergraduates, postgraduates, and working professionals toward a patient-centered framework for the service delivery model. Materials & methods: This study employed a survey design where the data was collected using an online questionnaire (patient–practitioner orientation scale). A total of 60 individuals participated in the survey which included undergraduate students, postgraduate students, and working professionals. Results: The analysis of the findings revealed that there was no significant difference in the attitude toward preferences between postgraduate students and working professionals. However, a significant difference was found between undergraduate students and working professionals and undergraduate students and postgraduate students. Conclusions: This study concludes that the postgraduate students and working professionals are more patient-centric than the undergraduate students. However, further studies are needed to compare the attitudes of working professionals with varying years of work experience.
{"title":"Attitude of Students and Audiologist Professionals towards Patient-Centered Care in Audiology","authors":"Swati Goyal, Prajwal Kumar E., Chethana P. Murthy, Prashanth P. Prabhu","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1787107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1787107","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: In audiology, the service model has always been practitioner-centric or techno-centric. However, the model has evolved into client-centric over the years. Patient centeredness is a growing trend in healthcare as it improves the outcomes of the intervention and patient satisfaction. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the preferences of undergraduates, postgraduates, and working professionals toward a patient-centered framework for the service delivery model.\u0000 Materials & methods: This study employed a survey design where the data was collected using an online questionnaire (patient–practitioner orientation scale). A total of 60 individuals participated in the survey which included undergraduate students, postgraduate students, and working professionals.\u0000 Results: The analysis of the findings revealed that there was no significant difference in the attitude toward preferences between postgraduate students and working professionals. However, a significant difference was found between undergraduate students and working professionals and undergraduate students and postgraduate students.\u0000 Conclusions: This study concludes that the postgraduate students and working professionals are more patient-centric than the undergraduate students. However, further studies are needed to compare the attitudes of working professionals with varying years of work experience.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pavan Gollapalli, Vishakh Radhakrishna, S. N, Tamizh Selvan Gnanasekaran
Background Gene expression–based biodosimetry is a promising method for estimating radiation dose following exposure. A panel of highly radio-responsive genes in human peripheral blood was used in the current investigation to create and evaluate a unique gene expression–based radiological biodosimetry method. Methodology In human cellular research, we reviewed the literature on genes and proteins correlating to radiation response in vivo and in vitro. We looked at two publicly accessible independent radiation response gene expression profiles (GSE1977 and GSE1725) and identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Results The obtained data exhibited 42 genes with substantial differential expression, 25 of which were upregulated and 17 of which were downregulated in ionizing radiation exposure groups compared with control groups. The gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the hub genes are significantly involved in the regulation of the mitotic cell cycle phase transition, regulation of the mitotic cell cycle, and mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling. Out of the 42 DEGs, four top genes (CDK1, CCNB1, UBC, and UBB) were obtained through network centrality features. However, the multicomponent filtering procedure for radiation response genes resulted in cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) as a critical gene in the dataset curated. Conclusion Our findings suggest the possibility of discovering novel gene connections involved in the cellular response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes upon exposure to ionizing radiation.
{"title":"Elucidating Genes and Transcription Factors of Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Involved in the Cellular Response upon Exposure to Ionizing Radiation for Biodosimetry and Triage: An In Silico Approach","authors":"Pavan Gollapalli, Vishakh Radhakrishna, S. N, Tamizh Selvan Gnanasekaran","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1782634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1782634","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background Gene expression–based biodosimetry is a promising method for estimating radiation dose following exposure. A panel of highly radio-responsive genes in human peripheral blood was used in the current investigation to create and evaluate a unique gene expression–based radiological biodosimetry method.\u0000 Methodology In human cellular research, we reviewed the literature on genes and proteins correlating to radiation response in vivo and in vitro. We looked at two publicly accessible independent radiation response gene expression profiles (GSE1977 and GSE1725) and identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs).\u0000 Results The obtained data exhibited 42 genes with substantial differential expression, 25 of which were upregulated and 17 of which were downregulated in ionizing radiation exposure groups compared with control groups. The gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the hub genes are significantly involved in the regulation of the mitotic cell cycle phase transition, regulation of the mitotic cell cycle, and mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling. Out of the 42 DEGs, four top genes (CDK1, CCNB1, UBC, and UBB) were obtained through network centrality features. However, the multicomponent filtering procedure for radiation response genes resulted in cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) as a critical gene in the dataset curated.\u0000 Conclusion Our findings suggest the possibility of discovering novel gene connections involved in the cellular response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes upon exposure to ionizing radiation.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141266382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Varsha Augustin, Vinitha D'Souza, Madhura R. J., M. Badanthadka, B. Mamatha, K. Vijayanarayana
Objectives Age and protein malnutrition (PMN) are well-known determinants of drug pharmacokinetics. The combined influence of age and nutrition on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen (APAP) remains insufficiently explored; therefore, this study investigates the role of age and PMN on APAP pharmacokinetics. Materials and Methods Wistar rat weanlings were divided into four groups. Groups ND-5 (n = 6) and ND-18 (n = 6) were fed with normal diet (ND, 18% protein) and groups LPD-5 (n = 6) and LPD-18 (n = 6) were fed with low-protein diet (LPD, 10%) for 5 and 18 months, respectively. Blood samples were collected at different time intervals (0, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 24, 36, and 48 hours), and plasma was separated and analyzed for APAP using high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic data was analyzed by the noncompartmental model using Phoenix WinNonlin 8.3 software. Results The pharmacokinetic parameters of APAP were elevated in both LPD groups compared with their age-matched controls. The average area under the curve was increased by approximately 131% (LPD-5) and 17.57% (LPD-18), and the average maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) was increased by 33.5% (LPD-5) and 26.3% (LPD-18) compared with their respective age-matched controls. The average mean retention time was approximately 114% (LPD-5) and 17.4% (LPD-18) higher than their respective age-matched controls, whereas the clearance rate (Cl/F) and volume distribution (Vz/F) of the drug were significantly lower. Consequently, there was a 68.5% (ND-5) and 4.73% (ND-18) prolongation in the mean half-life of APAP. Conclusion The altered pharmacokinetics may arise from the intricate interplay of dietary and age influences on physiology, protein binding, and cytochrome P450enzyme activity/expression. However, the exact reason requires further investigation for a better understanding of vulnerable populations.
{"title":"Dynamic Interplay of Age and Protein Malnutrition on the Pharmacokinetic Profile of Acetaminophen in Wistar Rats","authors":"Varsha Augustin, Vinitha D'Souza, Madhura R. J., M. Badanthadka, B. Mamatha, K. Vijayanarayana","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1786996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1786996","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Objectives Age and protein malnutrition (PMN) are well-known determinants of drug pharmacokinetics. The combined influence of age and nutrition on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen (APAP) remains insufficiently explored; therefore, this study investigates the role of age and PMN on APAP pharmacokinetics.\u0000 Materials and Methods Wistar rat weanlings were divided into four groups. Groups ND-5 (n = 6) and ND-18 (n = 6) were fed with normal diet (ND, 18% protein) and groups LPD-5 (n = 6) and LPD-18 (n = 6) were fed with low-protein diet (LPD, 10%) for 5 and 18 months, respectively. Blood samples were collected at different time intervals (0, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 24, 36, and 48 hours), and plasma was separated and analyzed for APAP using high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic data was analyzed by the noncompartmental model using Phoenix WinNonlin 8.3 software.\u0000 Results The pharmacokinetic parameters of APAP were elevated in both LPD groups compared with their age-matched controls. The average area under the curve was increased by approximately 131% (LPD-5) and 17.57% (LPD-18), and the average maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) was increased by 33.5% (LPD-5) and 26.3% (LPD-18) compared with their respective age-matched controls. The average mean retention time was approximately 114% (LPD-5) and 17.4% (LPD-18) higher than their respective age-matched controls, whereas the clearance rate (Cl/F) and volume distribution (Vz/F) of the drug were significantly lower. Consequently, there was a 68.5% (ND-5) and 4.73% (ND-18) prolongation in the mean half-life of APAP.\u0000 Conclusion The altered pharmacokinetics may arise from the intricate interplay of dietary and age influences on physiology, protein binding, and cytochrome P450enzyme activity/expression. However, the exact reason requires further investigation for a better understanding of vulnerable populations.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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