Abstract Introduction Community health workers are crucial in improving health and bridging gaps between communities and health care services. They are integral to various national health initiatives to prevent diseases and enhance well-being. Providing health care services to adolescents is a pivotal responsibility for auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) and Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers. Objectives This study aims to evaluate the community health workers' comprehension, implementation practices, and viewpoints regarding the implementation of the Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK) program. Methodology The research was conducted across primary health centers in Hagaribommanahalli and Huvina Hadagali taluks. A two-stage sampling technique was utilized to gather data from 404 participants, who were administered a semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 software. Results Out of the total community health workers, 336 (83.2%) were ASHA workers, while 68 (16.8%) were ANMs. The mean age of the community health workers was 38 ± 6 years, and 79% had received training in the RKSK program. Of the respondents, 60.9% demonstrated adequate knowledge, and 79.5% correctly executed the RKSK activities. In addition, 80.5% of the participants strongly concurred with statements reflecting their perception of the RKSK program. Conclusion The study findings indicate that community health workers possess a commendable understanding of the RKSK program. Furthermore, their effective implementation practices and positive perceptions regarding the RKSK program and its activities suggest a genuine commitment to supporting the RKSK program and other health-related endeavors targeting adolescents.
社区卫生工作者在改善健康和弥合社区与卫生保健服务之间的差距方面至关重要。它们是预防疾病和增进福祉的各种国家卫生倡议的组成部分。为青少年提供卫生保健服务是辅助护士助产士(ANMs)和认可的社会卫生活动家(ASHA)工作人员的关键责任。目的本研究旨在评估社区卫生工作者对RKSK (Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram)计划实施的理解、实施实践和观点。研究在Hagaribommanahalli和Huvina Hadagali地区的初级保健中心进行。采用两阶段抽样技术收集404名参与者的数据，并对他们进行半结构化问卷调查。数据分析采用SPSS version 20软件。结果社区卫生工作者中，ASHA工作者336人(83.2%)，ann工作者68人(16.8%)。社区卫生工作者的平均年龄为38±6岁，79%的人接受过RKSK计划的培训。在受访者中，60.9%的人表现出足够的知识，79.5%的人正确执行了RKSK活动。此外，80.5%的参与者强烈同意反映他们对RKSK计划看法的陈述。结论研究结果表明，社区卫生工作者对RKSK计划有一定的了解。此外，它们有效的执行做法和对青少年健康风险方案及其活动的积极看法表明，它们真正致力于支持青少年健康风险方案和其他与健康相关的针对青少年的努力。
{"title":"Comprehending Knowledge, Practices, and Perceptions of Community Health Workers Regarding Adolescent Health Program: A Cross-Sectional Inquiry in Bellary District, Karnataka","authors":"Sindhu P.M, Mackwin Kenwood Dmello, Prajwal Jupiter Lobo, Neevan Dsouza","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1775574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1775574","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Community health workers are crucial in improving health and bridging gaps between communities and health care services. They are integral to various national health initiatives to prevent diseases and enhance well-being. Providing health care services to adolescents is a pivotal responsibility for auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) and Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers. Objectives This study aims to evaluate the community health workers' comprehension, implementation practices, and viewpoints regarding the implementation of the Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK) program. Methodology The research was conducted across primary health centers in Hagaribommanahalli and Huvina Hadagali taluks. A two-stage sampling technique was utilized to gather data from 404 participants, who were administered a semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 software. Results Out of the total community health workers, 336 (83.2%) were ASHA workers, while 68 (16.8%) were ANMs. The mean age of the community health workers was 38 ± 6 years, and 79% had received training in the RKSK program. Of the respondents, 60.9% demonstrated adequate knowledge, and 79.5% correctly executed the RKSK activities. In addition, 80.5% of the participants strongly concurred with statements reflecting their perception of the RKSK program. Conclusion The study findings indicate that community health workers possess a commendable understanding of the RKSK program. Furthermore, their effective implementation practices and positive perceptions regarding the RKSK program and its activities suggest a genuine commitment to supporting the RKSK program and other health-related endeavors targeting adolescents.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Monika, Kruthika M. R., Gowrav M. P., Balamuralidhara V.
An Emergency use authorization (EUA) is a permission granted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under sections of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act as revised and upgraded by numerous Federal legislations, which includes the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act of 2013, accumulated by 21 U.S.C. 360bbb-3, to enable the utilization of medicines before approving. Ensuing regulative specialists expanded the scope of testing to which the medication or treatment has been submitted, as well as the class of drugs qualified for thought. The scope and relevance of EUAs are further governed by actual pioneer, which may change the significance of situations classified as general prosperity crises and within which the FDA might release EUAs Considering the COVID-19 flare-up, the HHS (Health and Human Services) Secretary articulated a general prosperity emergency on February 4, 2020, for the brand-new SARS-CoV-2 disorder these consequences in illness COVID-19. In response to the COVID-19 epidemic, the FDA granted EUAs in 2020 for remdesivir, enhanced blood, Fresenius Propoven 2 percent emulsion (propofol), and bamlanivimab. The FDA cancelled the Emergency use authorization (EUA) that drew in the exploratory monoclonal adjusting proficient medicine Bamlanivimab for use without assistance in the treatment of difficult-to-organize COVID-19 in grown-ups and positive pediatric victims on April 16, 2021.
{"title":"Emergency Use Authorization for COVID-19 Vaccines and Practical Considerations for the Future","authors":"S. Monika, Kruthika M. R., Gowrav M. P., Balamuralidhara V.","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1769904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1769904","url":null,"abstract":"An Emergency use authorization (EUA) is a permission granted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under sections of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act as revised and upgraded by numerous Federal legislations, which includes the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act of 2013, accumulated by 21 U.S.C. 360bbb-3, to enable the utilization of medicines before approving. Ensuing regulative specialists expanded the scope of testing to which the medication or treatment has been submitted, as well as the class of drugs qualified for thought. The scope and relevance of EUAs are further governed by actual pioneer, which may change the significance of situations classified as general prosperity crises and within which the FDA might release EUAs Considering the COVID-19 flare-up, the HHS (Health and Human Services) Secretary articulated a general prosperity emergency on February 4, 2020, for the brand-new SARS-CoV-2 disorder these consequences in illness COVID-19. In response to the COVID-19 epidemic, the FDA granted EUAs in 2020 for remdesivir, enhanced blood, Fresenius Propoven 2 percent emulsion (propofol), and bamlanivimab. The FDA cancelled the Emergency use authorization (EUA) that drew in the exploratory monoclonal adjusting proficient medicine Bamlanivimab for use without assistance in the treatment of difficult-to-organize COVID-19 in grown-ups and positive pediatric victims on April 16, 2021.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background Development of malocclusion can be promptly recognized through an understanding of the optimal position of the bone structures in the orofacial system and their relationship to the cranial base and jaw base. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the cranial base, mandible, and hyoid bone in different anteroposterior skeletal malocclusions. Materials and Methods This retrospective study evaluated 120 lateral cephalometric radiographs of individuals aged between 15 and 30 years. The subjects were classified using Burstone's analysis into three groups based on the N perpendicular to point A and N perpendicular to point B. The collected lateral cephalograms of the selected individuals were analyzed using Nemoceph v.12 software (Nemotec, Spain). The nasion-sella-articulare (NSAr), hyoidale angle (C3HyD), sella-articulare-hyoid angle (SArHy), and nasion-sella-hyoid (NSHy) angles were measured and compared among all the three groups. Results In the present study, considering the various angles among the three study groups, a statistically significant difference was observed for the SArHy angle (p < 0.05). However, the saddle angle (NSAr) and hyoidale angle (C3HyD) showed no statistically significant difference between the three study groups. Post hoc Bonferroni test was applied to compare the differences between two groups. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between class I and class II and between class II and class III groups. Conclusion Though the findings of the present study concluded that there is no variation in saddle angle among the three groups, the significant association of SArHy angle among class I, class II, and class III skeletal relationships, suggests an adaptation of the hyoid bone position in various skeletal patterns. We also suggest that the posterior positioning of the hyoid bone is related to skeletal class II malocclusion, whereas a forward positioning of the hyoid bone is related to skeletal class III malocclusion.
{"title":"Correlation between Cranial Base, Mandible, and Hyoid Bone Position in Different Anteroposterior Skeletal Malocclusions: A Cephalometric Study","authors":"Jaffer Sadik, Akhil Shetty","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1775575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1775575","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Development of malocclusion can be promptly recognized through an understanding of the optimal position of the bone structures in the orofacial system and their relationship to the cranial base and jaw base. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the cranial base, mandible, and hyoid bone in different anteroposterior skeletal malocclusions. Materials and Methods This retrospective study evaluated 120 lateral cephalometric radiographs of individuals aged between 15 and 30 years. The subjects were classified using Burstone's analysis into three groups based on the N perpendicular to point A and N perpendicular to point B. The collected lateral cephalograms of the selected individuals were analyzed using Nemoceph v.12 software (Nemotec, Spain). The nasion-sella-articulare (NSAr), hyoidale angle (C3HyD), sella-articulare-hyoid angle (SArHy), and nasion-sella-hyoid (NSHy) angles were measured and compared among all the three groups. Results In the present study, considering the various angles among the three study groups, a statistically significant difference was observed for the SArHy angle (p < 0.05). However, the saddle angle (NSAr) and hyoidale angle (C3HyD) showed no statistically significant difference between the three study groups. Post hoc Bonferroni test was applied to compare the differences between two groups. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between class I and class II and between class II and class III groups. Conclusion Though the findings of the present study concluded that there is no variation in saddle angle among the three groups, the significant association of SArHy angle among class I, class II, and class III skeletal relationships, suggests an adaptation of the hyoid bone position in various skeletal patterns. We also suggest that the posterior positioning of the hyoid bone is related to skeletal class II malocclusion, whereas a forward positioning of the hyoid bone is related to skeletal class III malocclusion.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135483713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lismeia R. Soares, Jorge Casseb, Luiz Vinicius de Alcantara Sousa, Glaucia Luciano da Veiga, Beatriz da Costa Aguiar Alves, Thaís Gascón, Fernando L.A. Fonseca
Abstract Introduction and Objectives Nutritional assessment in individuals infected with HIV-1 holds significance as it allows for indirect monitoring of physiological and morphological changes, identification of nutritional risks, and effective intervention to maintain or restore nutritional status. This, in turn, contributes to enhancing the quality of life for this population. This study aims to establish a connection between self-image perceptions and body composition, biochemical profiles, and the use of lipid-lowering medications among adults with HIV who are undergoing outpatient follow-up in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted involving 231 adults, both on and off antiretroviral drugs. The study subjectively assessed two aspects: (1) alterations in the redistribution of body fat (referred to as self-reported lipodystrophy) and (2) self-perceptions of body image. These variables were subsequently correlated with the individuals' self-perceived body image. Results The study included 67% (n = 154) men and 33% (n = 77) women, with 28.5% (n = 66) having been exposed to some form of protease inhibitor. Among the participants, 40% (n = 98) perceived alterations in the redistribution of body fat (lipodystrophy). Notable changes included fat loss in the face, arms, thighs, and buttocks (p = 0.004, 0.006, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively), along with increased waistlines (p = 0.001), prominent veins (p = 0.001), and the presence or increase of lipomas (p = 0.046). Conclusion A positive correlation was observed between the use of lipid-lowering medications and self-perceptions of body image. In this study, anthropometric and biochemical parameters proved more effective in assessing changes in the distribution of body fat among people living with HIV/AIDS compared to the subjective self-reported method.
{"title":"Self-Reported Lipodystrophy and Self-Perception of Body Image in Adults with HIV","authors":"Lismeia R. Soares, Jorge Casseb, Luiz Vinicius de Alcantara Sousa, Glaucia Luciano da Veiga, Beatriz da Costa Aguiar Alves, Thaís Gascón, Fernando L.A. Fonseca","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1775761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1775761","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction and Objectives Nutritional assessment in individuals infected with HIV-1 holds significance as it allows for indirect monitoring of physiological and morphological changes, identification of nutritional risks, and effective intervention to maintain or restore nutritional status. This, in turn, contributes to enhancing the quality of life for this population. This study aims to establish a connection between self-image perceptions and body composition, biochemical profiles, and the use of lipid-lowering medications among adults with HIV who are undergoing outpatient follow-up in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted involving 231 adults, both on and off antiretroviral drugs. The study subjectively assessed two aspects: (1) alterations in the redistribution of body fat (referred to as self-reported lipodystrophy) and (2) self-perceptions of body image. These variables were subsequently correlated with the individuals' self-perceived body image. Results The study included 67% (n = 154) men and 33% (n = 77) women, with 28.5% (n = 66) having been exposed to some form of protease inhibitor. Among the participants, 40% (n = 98) perceived alterations in the redistribution of body fat (lipodystrophy). Notable changes included fat loss in the face, arms, thighs, and buttocks (p = 0.004, 0.006, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively), along with increased waistlines (p = 0.001), prominent veins (p = 0.001), and the presence or increase of lipomas (p = 0.046). Conclusion A positive correlation was observed between the use of lipid-lowering medications and self-perceptions of body image. In this study, anthropometric and biochemical parameters proved more effective in assessing changes in the distribution of body fat among people living with HIV/AIDS compared to the subjective self-reported method.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background The hip's primary function is to dynamically support the weight of the trunk while allowing the force and load transmission axial skeleton to the lower extremity and henceforth allowing mobility. The function of the hip is not only to take the load of the trunk to the lower extremity but also to perform daily activities which include walking, running, jumping, sitting, etc. Hip muscle strength is required to stabilize the pelvic and trunk during squatting and walking (single stance) and to perform other daily living activities. The prevalence rate reports that males are more physically active than females. The number of physical activities has shown to be decreased in teens and young adults between the ages of 14 and 22 years due to transitions in their lifestyle. These changes can be behavioral and due to body composition. The objectives of the study are to determine the influence of hip mobility and strength on the spatial and temporal parameters of gait. Methodology This is a cross-sectional study involving a total of 50 young female populations that have been selected based on the inclusion criteria. Hip range of motion using a universal goniometer was measured in three trials with 30 seconds of rest between each measurement. The hip muscle strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer with 5 seconds hold and three trials taking 30 seconds of rest between each measurement. Spatial parameters of gait were measured by using Kinovea software V.0.8.15, and temporal parameters of gait were measured by asking the subject to walk comfortably in their own speed for 1 minute and the video was taken and measured. Result The hip internal rotation and external rotation has shown to have a statistical significance with spatial and temporal parameters of gait. The hip abductors, adductors, internal rotators, and external rotator muscle strength have shown to have statistical significance with spatial and temporal parameters of gait. Descriptive statistics were used for demographic characteristics, and Pearson's correlation coefficient is used for determining association between outcome variables. Conclusion The hip abductors, adductors, internal rotators, and external rotators have shown to have influence on gait parameters specially with walking speed. The hip internal and external rotation has shown to have influence on gait parameters.
{"title":"Influence of Hip Mobility and Strength on Gait Parameters among Young Females—A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Nityal Kumar Alagingi, Deekshitha Salin","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1775716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1775716","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background The hip's primary function is to dynamically support the weight of the trunk while allowing the force and load transmission axial skeleton to the lower extremity and henceforth allowing mobility. The function of the hip is not only to take the load of the trunk to the lower extremity but also to perform daily activities which include walking, running, jumping, sitting, etc. Hip muscle strength is required to stabilize the pelvic and trunk during squatting and walking (single stance) and to perform other daily living activities. The prevalence rate reports that males are more physically active than females. The number of physical activities has shown to be decreased in teens and young adults between the ages of 14 and 22 years due to transitions in their lifestyle. These changes can be behavioral and due to body composition. The objectives of the study are to determine the influence of hip mobility and strength on the spatial and temporal parameters of gait. Methodology This is a cross-sectional study involving a total of 50 young female populations that have been selected based on the inclusion criteria. Hip range of motion using a universal goniometer was measured in three trials with 30 seconds of rest between each measurement. The hip muscle strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer with 5 seconds hold and three trials taking 30 seconds of rest between each measurement. Spatial parameters of gait were measured by using Kinovea software V.0.8.15, and temporal parameters of gait were measured by asking the subject to walk comfortably in their own speed for 1 minute and the video was taken and measured. Result The hip internal rotation and external rotation has shown to have a statistical significance with spatial and temporal parameters of gait. The hip abductors, adductors, internal rotators, and external rotator muscle strength have shown to have statistical significance with spatial and temporal parameters of gait. Descriptive statistics were used for demographic characteristics, and Pearson's correlation coefficient is used for determining association between outcome variables. Conclusion The hip abductors, adductors, internal rotators, and external rotators have shown to have influence on gait parameters specially with walking speed. The hip internal and external rotation has shown to have influence on gait parameters.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135246484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I would like to outline a few areas in Clinical Microbiology that have become major research disciplines over the last 10 years that may now impact Health and Allied Sciences. They encompass (1) COVID-19, (2) biofilms, (3) microbiomes, (4) nanotechnology, and (5) probiotics. As well as being direct research areas, they overlap with each other, and they are beginning to overlap in important ways with Health and Allied Sciences—hence the importance of contributing papers on these subjects to the Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU (JHAS-NU).
{"title":"New Research Areas in Clinical Microbiology","authors":"Volker Gurtler","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1772845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1772845","url":null,"abstract":"I would like to outline a few areas in Clinical Microbiology that have become major research disciplines over the last 10 years that may now impact Health and Allied Sciences. They encompass (1) COVID-19, (2) biofilms, (3) microbiomes, (4) nanotechnology, and (5) probiotics. As well as being direct research areas, they overlap with each other, and they are beginning to overlap in important ways with Health and Allied Sciences—hence the importance of contributing papers on these subjects to the Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU (JHAS-NU).","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136015052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kelvin Alfan Nola Anggarista, Meysinta A. Datau, F. Mahdani, D. Radithia, D. Ernawati, M. Surboyo
Abstract Background Erythroplakia is a rare oral potentially malignant disease (OPMD) lesion with prevalence ranging from 0.02 to 0.83%, but it has a higher possibility of malignant transformation, ranging from 14 to 50%. Early detection is crucial for better patient prognosis, but it is challenging for preclinical and clinical dental students to recognize erythroplakia. Objective The aim of this study was to identify the level of knowledge of dental students about erythroplakia as an OPMD lesion based on their academic level. Methods This analytical cross-sectional study used a simple randomized sampling design. Data were cross-tabulated to describe the knowledge of erythroplakia. Results In total, 167 respondents completed the questionnaire, with the majority of 130 (77.84%) being females and 65 (38.92%) were older than 21 years. The majority of respondents, 122 (73.05%), had moderate knowledge, while 31 (18.57%) had poor knowledge and 14 (8.38%) had good knowledge of erythroplakia in terms of etiology, predisposition factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Conclusion Most of the dental students included in the study had intermediate level of knowledge of erythroplakia as an OPMD lesion.
{"title":"Knowledge of Dental Students about Erythroplakia as an Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder","authors":"Kelvin Alfan Nola Anggarista, Meysinta A. Datau, F. Mahdani, D. Radithia, D. Ernawati, M. Surboyo","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1774299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1774299","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Erythroplakia is a rare oral potentially malignant disease (OPMD) lesion with prevalence ranging from 0.02 to 0.83%, but it has a higher possibility of malignant transformation, ranging from 14 to 50%. Early detection is crucial for better patient prognosis, but it is challenging for preclinical and clinical dental students to recognize erythroplakia. Objective The aim of this study was to identify the level of knowledge of dental students about erythroplakia as an OPMD lesion based on their academic level. Methods This analytical cross-sectional study used a simple randomized sampling design. Data were cross-tabulated to describe the knowledge of erythroplakia. Results In total, 167 respondents completed the questionnaire, with the majority of 130 (77.84%) being females and 65 (38.92%) were older than 21 years. The majority of respondents, 122 (73.05%), had moderate knowledge, while 31 (18.57%) had poor knowledge and 14 (8.38%) had good knowledge of erythroplakia in terms of etiology, predisposition factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Conclusion Most of the dental students included in the study had intermediate level of knowledge of erythroplakia as an OPMD lesion.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41664984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A neurological condition known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) first manifests before the age of 3. Numerous factors may have an impact on the development of autism; however, its precise causes are yet unknown. The research aims to identify certain risk factors that associate with children at a higher risk of developing autism. This study is a descriptive analysis of 80 children who were identified as being at risk for autism and meeting the requirements of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers at the community health center. A semistructured proforma was used to collect the baseline data from the mother and the child. Through the use of a thoughtfully created checklist, each child enrolled in the study had a thorough history completed, including the suspected prenatal, intranatal, neonatal, and infant risk factors with the help of their mothers. Descriptive statistics with frequency percentages were adopted for the demographic data of the participants. To find the association between possible risk factors and at-risk cases of ASD, an independent t -test was used. Fisher's exact test and Pearson's chi-squared test ( p = 0.05, confidence interval = 95%) were used to find how the risks (odds ratios) of the factors studied affect the incidence of ASD. It was discovered that prenatal risk factors, such as pregnancy-related infections and medication use, were statistically significantly linked to an increased risk for autism. Significant intranatal risk factors for autism risk included a breech presentation, cesarean section, forced labor, and resuscitation at birth. Similar to this, the neonatal risk factors included maternal hemorrhage, Rh or ABO incompatibility, birth injuries, and feeding problems. Poor socioeconomic status and seizures were the baby risk variables, both of which were statistically significant and linked to an increased chance of autism. The results of the study support an array of perinatal, intranatal, neonatal, and infant risk factors linked to the likelihood of developing autism.
{"title":"Association of Risk Factors with At-Risk Cases of Autism","authors":"Reena Ravi, T. Mendonca","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1774287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1774287","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A neurological condition known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) first manifests before the age of 3. Numerous factors may have an impact on the development of autism; however, its precise causes are yet unknown. The research aims to identify certain risk factors that associate with children at a higher risk of developing autism. This study is a descriptive analysis of 80 children who were identified as being at risk for autism and meeting the requirements of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers at the community health center. A semistructured proforma was used to collect the baseline data from the mother and the child. Through the use of a thoughtfully created checklist, each child enrolled in the study had a thorough history completed, including the suspected prenatal, intranatal, neonatal, and infant risk factors with the help of their mothers. Descriptive statistics with frequency percentages were adopted for the demographic data of the participants. To find the association between possible risk factors and at-risk cases of ASD, an independent t -test was used. Fisher's exact test and Pearson's chi-squared test ( p = 0.05, confidence interval = 95%) were used to find how the risks (odds ratios) of the factors studied affect the incidence of ASD. It was discovered that prenatal risk factors, such as pregnancy-related infections and medication use, were statistically significantly linked to an increased risk for autism. Significant intranatal risk factors for autism risk included a breech presentation, cesarean section, forced labor, and resuscitation at birth. Similar to this, the neonatal risk factors included maternal hemorrhage, Rh or ABO incompatibility, birth injuries, and feeding problems. Poor socioeconomic status and seizures were the baby risk variables, both of which were statistically significant and linked to an increased chance of autism. The results of the study support an array of perinatal, intranatal, neonatal, and infant risk factors linked to the likelihood of developing autism.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49222408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Nucci, Victor Nehmi-Filho, M. Bastos, J. A. de Freitas, J. Otoch, A. Pessoa, W. Jacob-Filho
Abstract Silymarin, derived from Silybum marianum , has recently demonstrated its potential to improve health in conditions such as obesity and metabolic disturbances. Understanding the impact of nutraceuticals on intestinal morphology is crucial for developing supplements that promote a higher quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of nutraceutical supplementation with silymarin on the morphology of the small intestine. Sixty-day-old adult male C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups: one receiving a standard chow (control) and the other receiving a novel silymarin supplement (experimental). Following the experimental period, the animals were euthanized, and fragments of the small intestine were collected for histochemical analysis using Masson's trichrome and periodic acid-Schiff with Alcian blue staining techniques. Our results revealed an increase in the number of villi per analyzed field in the experimental group, accompanied by a decrease in basic mucin, crypt depth, mucosal thickness, and villus spacing. In conclusion, this novel nutraceutical supplementation may play a crucial role in modulating small intestine morphology and enhancing absorption capacity.
{"title":"Modulation of Small-Intestine Morphology in Mice by a Novel Supplement Containing Silybum marianum, Yeast β-Glucan, Prebiotics, and Minerals","authors":"R. Nucci, Victor Nehmi-Filho, M. Bastos, J. A. de Freitas, J. Otoch, A. Pessoa, W. Jacob-Filho","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1773807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1773807","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Silymarin, derived from Silybum marianum , has recently demonstrated its potential to improve health in conditions such as obesity and metabolic disturbances. Understanding the impact of nutraceuticals on intestinal morphology is crucial for developing supplements that promote a higher quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of nutraceutical supplementation with silymarin on the morphology of the small intestine. Sixty-day-old adult male C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups: one receiving a standard chow (control) and the other receiving a novel silymarin supplement (experimental). Following the experimental period, the animals were euthanized, and fragments of the small intestine were collected for histochemical analysis using Masson's trichrome and periodic acid-Schiff with Alcian blue staining techniques. Our results revealed an increase in the number of villi per analyzed field in the experimental group, accompanied by a decrease in basic mucin, crypt depth, mucosal thickness, and villus spacing. In conclusion, this novel nutraceutical supplementation may play a crucial role in modulating small intestine morphology and enhancing absorption capacity.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48967256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Early detection of disc degeneration and categorizing them is very important for the treatment plan and better prognosis. We aimed to assess the efficacy of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping and T2 mapping in the early detection and grading of the severity of degenerative disc disease. In this review, the articles published until July 2022, from the PubMed database were used. All articles contained information about the application of ADC and T2 mapping in the detection of disc degeneration. A total of 40 articles were included in this review. We assessed each article for the feasibility of both techniques to categorize the degeneration. ADC values of nucleus pulposus (NP) showed a negative correlation with Pfirrmann grades and age. T2 values of NP and annulus fibrosus (AF) are significantly decreased with an increase in Pfirrmann grades. And also, as age increases, T2 values of NP and posterior AF decreased significantly. ADC and T2 mapping techniques are sensitive in the detection and categorization of disc degeneration. It is highly recommended to include quantitative magnetic resonance imaging techniques in routine spine imaging protocol in a patient with complaints of back pain.
{"title":"ADC Mapping and T2 Mapping of the Lumbar Spine to Assess Disc Degeneration: A Review","authors":"S. Abhijith, Kayalvizhi Ravichandran","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1772823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1772823","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Early detection of disc degeneration and categorizing them is very important for the treatment plan and better prognosis. We aimed to assess the efficacy of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping and T2 mapping in the early detection and grading of the severity of degenerative disc disease. In this review, the articles published until July 2022, from the PubMed database were used. All articles contained information about the application of ADC and T2 mapping in the detection of disc degeneration. A total of 40 articles were included in this review. We assessed each article for the feasibility of both techniques to categorize the degeneration. ADC values of nucleus pulposus (NP) showed a negative correlation with Pfirrmann grades and age. T2 values of NP and annulus fibrosus (AF) are significantly decreased with an increase in Pfirrmann grades. And also, as age increases, T2 values of NP and posterior AF decreased significantly. ADC and T2 mapping techniques are sensitive in the detection and categorization of disc degeneration. It is highly recommended to include quantitative magnetic resonance imaging techniques in routine spine imaging protocol in a patient with complaints of back pain.","PeriodicalId":40092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47336587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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