Pub Date : 1996-10-13DOI: 10.1109/ICECS.1996.584623
H. Jokinen, M. Valtonen
A method for steady-state time-domain analysis with variable time step integration is presented. The algorithm proposed is based on using the changes of the sources as initial data of the analysis and subsequently using the truncation error with optimization. An example is given to demonstrate that the novel method is efficient, and sufficiently fast to be used in circuit design. The simulation results show good agreement with those obtained by harmonic balance, steady-state time-domain with a fixed time step integration, and transient analysis.
{"title":"Steady-state time-domain analysis method with variable time step integration","authors":"H. Jokinen, M. Valtonen","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.1996.584623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.1996.584623","url":null,"abstract":"A method for steady-state time-domain analysis with variable time step integration is presented. The algorithm proposed is based on using the changes of the sources as initial data of the analysis and subsequently using the truncation error with optimization. An example is given to demonstrate that the novel method is efficient, and sufficiently fast to be used in circuit design. The simulation results show good agreement with those obtained by harmonic balance, steady-state time-domain with a fixed time step integration, and transient analysis.","PeriodicalId":402369,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Third International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116151674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-13DOI: 10.1109/ICECS.1996.582718
C. Karybakas, C. Papazoglou
Two novel filter implementations offering electronic frequency shifting are presented in this work. In particular, the first implementation realizes the complete biquadratic function while the second simulates high-pass, low-pass and band-pass second order transfer functions. The filters are constructed by CCIIs with unity current gain and utilize a minimum number of CCIIs with tunable current gain. A way leading to low sensitivity of specific parameters is proposed so that low sensitive filter design can be achieved. The circuits were tested using PSPICE simulation and proved to be of practical interest.
{"title":"Current-mode CCII-based biquadratic filters offering electronic frequency shifting","authors":"C. Karybakas, C. Papazoglou","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.1996.582718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.1996.582718","url":null,"abstract":"Two novel filter implementations offering electronic frequency shifting are presented in this work. In particular, the first implementation realizes the complete biquadratic function while the second simulates high-pass, low-pass and band-pass second order transfer functions. The filters are constructed by CCIIs with unity current gain and utilize a minimum number of CCIIs with tunable current gain. A way leading to low sensitivity of specific parameters is proposed so that low sensitive filter design can be achieved. The circuits were tested using PSPICE simulation and proved to be of practical interest.","PeriodicalId":402369,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Third International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116333008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-13DOI: 10.1109/ICECS.1996.582679
F. Bergouignan, N. Abouchi, R. Grisel, G. Caille, J. Caranana
A few solutions already exist to improve the dynamics of an image using the LIP model, but no in real time. To give a solution to that problem, we developed a fast and accurate logarithmic and exponential amplifiers thanks to current conveyors because the logarithmic and exponential operations are the main calculations in the LIP model. The original contribution of our work is to use current conveyors to design the amplifiers. Compared to the others amplifiers we got good performances in frequency response, and good independence to the temperature.
{"title":"Designs of a logarithmic and exponential amplifiers using current conveyors","authors":"F. Bergouignan, N. Abouchi, R. Grisel, G. Caille, J. Caranana","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.1996.582679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.1996.582679","url":null,"abstract":"A few solutions already exist to improve the dynamics of an image using the LIP model, but no in real time. To give a solution to that problem, we developed a fast and accurate logarithmic and exponential amplifiers thanks to current conveyors because the logarithmic and exponential operations are the main calculations in the LIP model. The original contribution of our work is to use current conveyors to design the amplifiers. Compared to the others amplifiers we got good performances in frequency response, and good independence to the temperature.","PeriodicalId":402369,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Third International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121755313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-13DOI: 10.1109/ICECS.1996.584553
A. Al-Bustani, N. M. Yaseen
Camel devices are advanced bipolar structures with fully depleted base layers. In this paper, an analysis is presented to study these new devices and to account for the effect(s) of design parameters such as the intermediate layer width, the emitter doping density and effective length on the devices' performance. The results obtained show a strong dependence of the transistor characteristics on the design parameters.
{"title":"An advanced bipolar device-the fully depleted camel structure","authors":"A. Al-Bustani, N. M. Yaseen","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.1996.584553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.1996.584553","url":null,"abstract":"Camel devices are advanced bipolar structures with fully depleted base layers. In this paper, an analysis is presented to study these new devices and to account for the effect(s) of design parameters such as the intermediate layer width, the emitter doping density and effective length on the devices' performance. The results obtained show a strong dependence of the transistor characteristics on the design parameters.","PeriodicalId":402369,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Third International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126346833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-13DOI: 10.1109/ICECS.1996.582632
A. Wörner, M. Schenk, D. Schmücking
With a hybrid fiber/twisted-pair architecture, data rates up to about 50 Mbit/s can be transmitted over installed twisted-pair cables in the distribution part of twisted-pair access networks. Based on a channel model for twisted-pair cables for frequencies up to 40 MHz derived from measurements, different transmission formats are compared. It is concluded that frequency division multiplexed VDSL (Very high bit rate Digital Subscriber Line) systems based on QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) or CAP (Carrierless AM/PM) are a good choice. In this paper, two scalable system proposals are presented. Both systems can transmit 12.5 Mbit/s symmetrically over a distance of about 800 m. System 1 enables as well the asymmetrical transmission of 50/2 Mbit/s over 280 m, whereas system 2 enables the symmetrical transmission of 25 Mbit/s over 300 m. Based on the required filter lengths of the equalizer and the wordlengths of the signals within the adaptive filters, the hardware complexity of the proposed VDSL transceivers is determined.
{"title":"Hardware design and performance analysis of VDSL transceivers","authors":"A. Wörner, M. Schenk, D. Schmücking","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.1996.582632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.1996.582632","url":null,"abstract":"With a hybrid fiber/twisted-pair architecture, data rates up to about 50 Mbit/s can be transmitted over installed twisted-pair cables in the distribution part of twisted-pair access networks. Based on a channel model for twisted-pair cables for frequencies up to 40 MHz derived from measurements, different transmission formats are compared. It is concluded that frequency division multiplexed VDSL (Very high bit rate Digital Subscriber Line) systems based on QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) or CAP (Carrierless AM/PM) are a good choice. In this paper, two scalable system proposals are presented. Both systems can transmit 12.5 Mbit/s symmetrically over a distance of about 800 m. System 1 enables as well the asymmetrical transmission of 50/2 Mbit/s over 280 m, whereas system 2 enables the symmetrical transmission of 25 Mbit/s over 300 m. Based on the required filter lengths of the equalizer and the wordlengths of the signals within the adaptive filters, the hardware complexity of the proposed VDSL transceivers is determined.","PeriodicalId":402369,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Third International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128046722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-13DOI: 10.1109/ICECS.1996.582781
Jiliang Yu, J. Fidler
An automatic passive LC filter tuning system based on parameter measurements and optimization algorithms is proposed. The system is intended to be used in a practical situation with element tolerance and parasitic parameters under consideration. Three optimization algorithms, the genetic algorithm, the simulated annealing algorithm and the direct search algorithm are discussed and compared. The simulation results show that the system can tune a complex filter to its optimum in a short time.
{"title":"An automatic LC filter tuning system by optimization","authors":"Jiliang Yu, J. Fidler","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.1996.582781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.1996.582781","url":null,"abstract":"An automatic passive LC filter tuning system based on parameter measurements and optimization algorithms is proposed. The system is intended to be used in a practical situation with element tolerance and parasitic parameters under consideration. Three optimization algorithms, the genetic algorithm, the simulated annealing algorithm and the direct search algorithm are discussed and compared. The simulation results show that the system can tune a complex filter to its optimum in a short time.","PeriodicalId":402369,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Third International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125728798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-13DOI: 10.1109/ICECS.1996.584555
T. O. Körner, L. Bomholt, P. Regli, W. Fichtner
The efficiency of light sensitive semiconductor elements is influenced by the flux and distribution of light intensity within the detector structure. This intensity distribution will depend on the geometric and optical features of the structure. It will also depend on the properties of the incident radiation (i.e., spectral distribution, polarization, coherence, angle of incidence etc.). For "large" structures, an approximation of the intensity distribution can be obtained by means of simple geometrical optics models. If the detector has feature sizes in the order of several wavelengths, however, this method fails to produce reliable results due to the fact that diffraction effects, which are completely ignored in geometrical optics, become more and more important. In the following analysis, light propagation in a 2-dimensional charge coupled device (CCD) cell structure is modelled by means of rigorous electromagnetic theory, both for the basic structure and a more complicated design with a microlens to increase incoupling efficiency. Parameters of the incoming radiation as well as the geometry of the structure are varied and the effects are demonstrated.
{"title":"Rigorous electromagnetic simulation of CCD cell structures","authors":"T. O. Körner, L. Bomholt, P. Regli, W. Fichtner","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.1996.584555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.1996.584555","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of light sensitive semiconductor elements is influenced by the flux and distribution of light intensity within the detector structure. This intensity distribution will depend on the geometric and optical features of the structure. It will also depend on the properties of the incident radiation (i.e., spectral distribution, polarization, coherence, angle of incidence etc.). For \"large\" structures, an approximation of the intensity distribution can be obtained by means of simple geometrical optics models. If the detector has feature sizes in the order of several wavelengths, however, this method fails to produce reliable results due to the fact that diffraction effects, which are completely ignored in geometrical optics, become more and more important. In the following analysis, light propagation in a 2-dimensional charge coupled device (CCD) cell structure is modelled by means of rigorous electromagnetic theory, both for the basic structure and a more complicated design with a microlens to increase incoupling efficiency. Parameters of the incoming radiation as well as the geometry of the structure are varied and the effects are demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":402369,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Third International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems","volume":"283 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125738397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-13DOI: 10.1109/ICECS.1996.582732
I. S. Bonatti, P. Peres, J. Pomilio
The aim of this paper is to show that oscillators analysis can be performed by using basic concepts of circuit theory. In this sense, the contribution is mainly concerned with educational aspects of Electrical Engineering courses, since unusual topics, such as oscillators and first harmonic analysis, are introduced in a comprehensive electric circuit context.
{"title":"Oscillators analysis in a circuit theory context","authors":"I. S. Bonatti, P. Peres, J. Pomilio","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.1996.582732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.1996.582732","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to show that oscillators analysis can be performed by using basic concepts of circuit theory. In this sense, the contribution is mainly concerned with educational aspects of Electrical Engineering courses, since unusual topics, such as oscillators and first harmonic analysis, are introduced in a comprehensive electric circuit context.","PeriodicalId":402369,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Third International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121716587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-13DOI: 10.1109/ICECS.1996.584556
C. Calligaro, A. Manstretta, A. Modelli, G. Torelli
This paper discusses basic constraints for multilevel storage in flash memories. Aspects such as programming algorithms, threshold voltage distribution, data retention, read disturbs, sense amplifier sensitivity and cell transconductance spread are considered. Experimental results and design considerations are provided. Guidelines for the evaluation of multilevel storage feasibility are given. The feasibility of four-level storage with present technologies using a read voltage around 6 V is demonstrated.
{"title":"Technological and design constraints for multilevel flash memories","authors":"C. Calligaro, A. Manstretta, A. Modelli, G. Torelli","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.1996.584556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.1996.584556","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses basic constraints for multilevel storage in flash memories. Aspects such as programming algorithms, threshold voltage distribution, data retention, read disturbs, sense amplifier sensitivity and cell transconductance spread are considered. Experimental results and design considerations are provided. Guidelines for the evaluation of multilevel storage feasibility are given. The feasibility of four-level storage with present technologies using a read voltage around 6 V is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":402369,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Third International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115744238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-13DOI: 10.1109/ICECS.1996.582807
H. Amin, K. M. Curtis, B. Hayes-Gill
In this paper we present an approach that terminates the processing of hidden nodes, within a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network, if they become inactive during the learning process. The determination of the activity and non-activity of hidden nodes are based on the mean deviation of changes in the average derivative of the hidden nodes within an interval of several iterations. A decreasing threshold value is used to evaluate the mean deviation and hence to deactivate the hidden nodes accordingly.
{"title":"Dynamically deactivating hidden neurons in a multilayer perceptron neural network","authors":"H. Amin, K. M. Curtis, B. Hayes-Gill","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.1996.582807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.1996.582807","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present an approach that terminates the processing of hidden nodes, within a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network, if they become inactive during the learning process. The determination of the activity and non-activity of hidden nodes are based on the mean deviation of changes in the average derivative of the hidden nodes within an interval of several iterations. A decreasing threshold value is used to evaluate the mean deviation and hence to deactivate the hidden nodes accordingly.","PeriodicalId":402369,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Third International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132066584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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