Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942639
Zewei Zhu, Mai Jiang, V. Crevenat
Surge caused by lightning strike on the blades will impact the low voltage power system of the wind turbines. Traditional voltage-limiting surge protection device (SPD) fails to satisfy the environment of repetitive transients frequently caused by unstable pulse width modulation (PWM) of power supply and long cable effects. High peak value and steep rise time (du/dt) will greatly shorten the lifetime of voltage-limiting SPD as the maximum continuous operating voltage $(mathrm{U}_{mathrm{c}})$ is normally lower. Therefore, this paper presents a way for such SPD to realize fine protection and higher withstand capacity under repetitive transients, which are verified by simulation based on the ATP-EMTP.
{"title":"Simulation and Analysis of Surge Protection for Wind Turbines Based on ATP-EMTP","authors":"Zewei Zhu, Mai Jiang, V. Crevenat","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942639","url":null,"abstract":"Surge caused by lightning strike on the blades will impact the low voltage power system of the wind turbines. Traditional voltage-limiting surge protection device (SPD) fails to satisfy the environment of repetitive transients frequently caused by unstable pulse width modulation (PWM) of power supply and long cable effects. High peak value and steep rise time (du/dt) will greatly shorten the lifetime of voltage-limiting SPD as the maximum continuous operating voltage $(mathrm{U}_{mathrm{c}})$ is normally lower. Therefore, this paper presents a way for such SPD to realize fine protection and higher withstand capacity under repetitive transients, which are verified by simulation based on the ATP-EMTP.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116933472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942581
Yi Hong, C. Tong, Xia Hua, Jiahuan Feng, Zhihao Fang, Jinwen Mai, Xujiang Shi, Yang Xu, Yuetao Wu
In recent years, global lightning activities have become more frequent and violent, seriously endangering the security of smart grids. With the global demand for clean energy and electric vehicles increasing year by year, the integrated wind-solar-storage electric vehicle charging station, as a typical flexible resource complex, can play a positive role in the smart grid's ability to resist lightning disasters. This paper proposes a smart grid dynamic lightning protection considering the charging and discharging of electric vehicles. This mode is based on the lightning detection and early warning technology of Dynamic Lightning Protection. Before the occurrence of lightning, the energy storage system and electric vehicles in the charging station will be charged, and the power supply capacity of the charging station will be estimated to match the corresponding number of important loads. When a lightning strike occurs, the smart grid power lines are reconfigured through disconnect switches. Based on the charging and discharging technology of electric vehicles, it can make full use of the clean energy provided by the charging station to supply important loads, and minimize the mismatched power between the power generation and the electricity consumption of the isolated smart grid where the charging station is located. The simulation results show that this mode can not only improve the reliability of power supply of the smart grid, but also promote the consumption of clean energy. At the same time, some diesel generators can be replaced, thereby reducing carbon emissions.
{"title":"Dynamic lightning protection of smart grid considering charging and discharging of electric vehicles","authors":"Yi Hong, C. Tong, Xia Hua, Jiahuan Feng, Zhihao Fang, Jinwen Mai, Xujiang Shi, Yang Xu, Yuetao Wu","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942581","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, global lightning activities have become more frequent and violent, seriously endangering the security of smart grids. With the global demand for clean energy and electric vehicles increasing year by year, the integrated wind-solar-storage electric vehicle charging station, as a typical flexible resource complex, can play a positive role in the smart grid's ability to resist lightning disasters. This paper proposes a smart grid dynamic lightning protection considering the charging and discharging of electric vehicles. This mode is based on the lightning detection and early warning technology of Dynamic Lightning Protection. Before the occurrence of lightning, the energy storage system and electric vehicles in the charging station will be charged, and the power supply capacity of the charging station will be estimated to match the corresponding number of important loads. When a lightning strike occurs, the smart grid power lines are reconfigured through disconnect switches. Based on the charging and discharging technology of electric vehicles, it can make full use of the clean energy provided by the charging station to supply important loads, and minimize the mismatched power between the power generation and the electricity consumption of the isolated smart grid where the charging station is located. The simulation results show that this mode can not only improve the reliability of power supply of the smart grid, but also promote the consumption of clean energy. At the same time, some diesel generators can be replaced, thereby reducing carbon emissions.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129566891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942574
Daile Zhang, R. Holle
Lightning is among the top storm-related fatality and injury hazards in mainland China. This study shows the lightning fatalities and injuries in mainland China from the $boldsymbol{1950}mathbf{s}$ to 2018 based on two publicly available datasets. Although there is inconsistency in both datasets, they still provide a valuable set of information to help us understand the history of lightning fatality and inj uries in mainland China that can used to provide guidance for future lightning safety education.
{"title":"The Epidemiology of Lightning in Mainland China - A Review of Two Datasets from the 1950s to 2018","authors":"Daile Zhang, R. Holle","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942574","url":null,"abstract":"Lightning is among the top storm-related fatality and injury hazards in mainland China. This study shows the lightning fatalities and injuries in mainland China from the $boldsymbol{1950}mathbf{s}$ to 2018 based on two publicly available datasets. Although there is inconsistency in both datasets, they still provide a valuable set of information to help us understand the history of lightning fatality and inj uries in mainland China that can used to provide guidance for future lightning safety education.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115774384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942625
D. Belko, Nikolay Zaretskiy
The paper describes a continuation of the study of the Analytical Simplified Method of the OHL lightning performance assessment. The authors focused on the comparison the probability of back flashover of insulation, obtained by the proposed analytical simplified method, implemented in the Groza software, with the calculation in ATP-EMTP calculating the probability of back flashover using the Monte Carlo method. 35 and 110 kV overhead lines have been taken as objects of comparison for verification. The influence of the tower footing resistance, tower height, the presence of the overhead ground wire on the probability of the back flashover of all three phases of the OHL are considered.
{"title":"Comparison of the Analytical Simplified Method of the OHL Lightning Performance Assessment with Monte Carlo Method in ATP-EMTP using Line Lightning Protection Devices","authors":"D. Belko, Nikolay Zaretskiy","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942625","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes a continuation of the study of the Analytical Simplified Method of the OHL lightning performance assessment. The authors focused on the comparison the probability of back flashover of insulation, obtained by the proposed analytical simplified method, implemented in the Groza software, with the calculation in ATP-EMTP calculating the probability of back flashover using the Monte Carlo method. 35 and 110 kV overhead lines have been taken as objects of comparison for verification. The influence of the tower footing resistance, tower height, the presence of the overhead ground wire on the probability of the back flashover of all three phases of the OHL are considered.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127014012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942459
N. Parus, Chandima Gomes
This paper presents an overview of the novel idea of using drones (remotely piloted aircraft systems or unmanned aerial vehicles) for triggered and other related lightning research. In addition., it discusses the practical and technical issues considered for this research., the results of small-scale laboratory testing., and finally., the requirements of South Africa's drone regulations to allow such flights. Initial results show that, at a small scale., a commercially available drone encircled with a suitable Faraday cage., can withstand a current impulse of approximately 16 kA and a voltage impulse greater than 300 kV., without experiencing any electrical telemetry problems., flight instability or control interference.
{"title":"Drone- Triggered Lightning: The Concept and Results of Initial Laboratory Testing","authors":"N. Parus, Chandima Gomes","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942459","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an overview of the novel idea of using drones (remotely piloted aircraft systems or unmanned aerial vehicles) for triggered and other related lightning research. In addition., it discusses the practical and technical issues considered for this research., the results of small-scale laboratory testing., and finally., the requirements of South Africa's drone regulations to allow such flights. Initial results show that, at a small scale., a commercially available drone encircled with a suitable Faraday cage., can withstand a current impulse of approximately 16 kA and a voltage impulse greater than 300 kV., without experiencing any electrical telemetry problems., flight instability or control interference.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134379440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942506
Anamaria Serbescu, D. Brassard, J. Langot, Etienne Gourcerol, K. Chizari, Maxime Lapalme, Alexandra Desautels, F. Sirois, D. Therriault
Lightning strike protection of composite structures, is an increasingly studied subject in the aerospace industry. The important weight savings offered by composite structures are hindered by their lower electrical conductivity, as much as four orders of magnitude, compared to their aluminium alloy coun-terparts. Commercially available metallic expanded foils such as expanded copper foils (ECF) offer good protection at the cost of difficult reparability and significant weight penalty, thus negating the weight benefits that composites can bring. Here we study a wet-metallization process with Tollen's reagent to plate milled carbon fibres with silver. The silver coated carbon fibres (SCCF) are integrated to a carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) panel with different adhesives under three configurations, then the panels are sealed with aerospace grade paint for realistic finition and are subjected to high impulse strikes. The aim of the SCCF sacrificial coating, layered upon the CFRP panel, is to effectively mitigate damage due to lightning strike and to offer a scalable and viable LSP solution. Configuration DPE-SCCF (Painted Double stacked PEDOT:PSS and SCCF) had 54% retention of flexural strength in bending and an area of damage of 314 squared millimeters. Moreover, configuration PE-SCCF (Painted PEDOT:PSS and SCCF) being two times less areally dense than the former, had 42% retention of flexural strength in bending with an area of damage of 1550 squared millimeters, 5 times more than the DPE-SCCF configuration. Finally, configuration PR-SCCF (Painted Primer and SCCF) had an area of damage of 777 squared millimeters. All three configurations displayed delamination in the first two plies. Both configurations PE-SCCF and DPE-SCCF performed better than P-CFRP (Painted unprotected CFRP panels) in retained mechanical properties but displayed inferior retention of mechanical properties compared to P-ECF (Painted Expanded Copper Foil).
{"title":"Silver-based conductive materials for lightning strike protection of aircraft composite structures","authors":"Anamaria Serbescu, D. Brassard, J. Langot, Etienne Gourcerol, K. Chizari, Maxime Lapalme, Alexandra Desautels, F. Sirois, D. Therriault","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942506","url":null,"abstract":"Lightning strike protection of composite structures, is an increasingly studied subject in the aerospace industry. The important weight savings offered by composite structures are hindered by their lower electrical conductivity, as much as four orders of magnitude, compared to their aluminium alloy coun-terparts. Commercially available metallic expanded foils such as expanded copper foils (ECF) offer good protection at the cost of difficult reparability and significant weight penalty, thus negating the weight benefits that composites can bring. Here we study a wet-metallization process with Tollen's reagent to plate milled carbon fibres with silver. The silver coated carbon fibres (SCCF) are integrated to a carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) panel with different adhesives under three configurations, then the panels are sealed with aerospace grade paint for realistic finition and are subjected to high impulse strikes. The aim of the SCCF sacrificial coating, layered upon the CFRP panel, is to effectively mitigate damage due to lightning strike and to offer a scalable and viable LSP solution. Configuration DPE-SCCF (Painted Double stacked PEDOT:PSS and SCCF) had 54% retention of flexural strength in bending and an area of damage of 314 squared millimeters. Moreover, configuration PE-SCCF (Painted PEDOT:PSS and SCCF) being two times less areally dense than the former, had 42% retention of flexural strength in bending with an area of damage of 1550 squared millimeters, 5 times more than the DPE-SCCF configuration. Finally, configuration PR-SCCF (Painted Primer and SCCF) had an area of damage of 777 squared millimeters. All three configurations displayed delamination in the first two plies. Both configurations PE-SCCF and DPE-SCCF performed better than P-CFRP (Painted unprotected CFRP panels) in retained mechanical properties but displayed inferior retention of mechanical properties compared to P-ECF (Painted Expanded Copper Foil).","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132480152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942469
Gavin Strelec, A. Kunneke, Frans Jooste
Lightning and wildfires are natural phenomena prevalent in the Southern African sub-continent. The endemic vegetation evolved to survive these fires. In the past, lightning was the most common trigger of fires, but currently anthropogenic causes account for most fires in occupied areas. Despite this, lightning remains critical, as fires in remote and uninhabited locations are mostly initiated by lightning. These fires have both a significant ecological and socioeconomic impact, as such fires are typically detected at an advanced stage. These fires are difficult to extinguish due to rugged terrain and low accessibility, resulting in large burnt areas. The detection, location and prediction of lightning strokes that are probable to ignite fires is important to protect lives, property as well as ecologically sensitive areas. This process is illustrated by various recent case studies. Of particular concern are smouldering underground fires that are ignited by lightning and may result in fires that occur days, or even weeks later after the initiation event. Methods for detecting and extinguishing these fires have been devised. More than 90% of fires, are started by strokes of positive polarity. Conversely, around 90% of cloud-to-ground strokes are of negative polarity, therefore positive strokes are the focus of the detection process and result in a relatively small analysis set. Lightning stoke data can be combined with satellite detection of vegetation hydration levels to objectively quantify the risk of wildfires. The aim of this research is to provide early detection and location of lightning strokes that are associated with a high probability of causing wildfires. Here, the technique is introduced with limited data as a discussion paper and is being developed and verified with additional data in ongoing further work.
{"title":"Method for detection and identification of lightning strokes likely to cause wildfires","authors":"Gavin Strelec, A. Kunneke, Frans Jooste","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942469","url":null,"abstract":"Lightning and wildfires are natural phenomena prevalent in the Southern African sub-continent. The endemic vegetation evolved to survive these fires. In the past, lightning was the most common trigger of fires, but currently anthropogenic causes account for most fires in occupied areas. Despite this, lightning remains critical, as fires in remote and uninhabited locations are mostly initiated by lightning. These fires have both a significant ecological and socioeconomic impact, as such fires are typically detected at an advanced stage. These fires are difficult to extinguish due to rugged terrain and low accessibility, resulting in large burnt areas. The detection, location and prediction of lightning strokes that are probable to ignite fires is important to protect lives, property as well as ecologically sensitive areas. This process is illustrated by various recent case studies. Of particular concern are smouldering underground fires that are ignited by lightning and may result in fires that occur days, or even weeks later after the initiation event. Methods for detecting and extinguishing these fires have been devised. More than 90% of fires, are started by strokes of positive polarity. Conversely, around 90% of cloud-to-ground strokes are of negative polarity, therefore positive strokes are the focus of the detection process and result in a relatively small analysis set. Lightning stoke data can be combined with satellite detection of vegetation hydration levels to objectively quantify the risk of wildfires. The aim of this research is to provide early detection and location of lightning strokes that are associated with a high probability of causing wildfires. Here, the technique is introduced with limited data as a discussion paper and is being developed and verified with additional data in ongoing further work.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123951362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942543
A. B. Amaral, C. Caetano, J. Paulino, Marco Aurélio de Oliveira Schroeder
This paper presents an experimental and theoretical study to characterize the grounding system of transmission line towers. The effects of frequency-dependent ground parameters and interconnection with neighboring transmission line towers are considered. The measured data are evaluated in the time and frequency domains. A criterion is proposed for the robust characterization of the local grounding system (i.e., the grounding of the tower under measurement) and the interconnection system. Measurements were performed on a real grounding system to validate the proposed criterion.
{"title":"Characterization of Energized Transmission Line Towers Grounding: an approach in time and frequency domains","authors":"A. B. Amaral, C. Caetano, J. Paulino, Marco Aurélio de Oliveira Schroeder","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942543","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an experimental and theoretical study to characterize the grounding system of transmission line towers. The effects of frequency-dependent ground parameters and interconnection with neighboring transmission line towers are considered. The measured data are evaluated in the time and frequency domains. A criterion is proposed for the robust characterization of the local grounding system (i.e., the grounding of the tower under measurement) and the interconnection system. Measurements were performed on a real grounding system to validate the proposed criterion.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124275415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942572
Chinemere E. Anyiam, M. Omidiora, Samuel A. Isaac, R. Holle
This is the first time in the literature that lightning distribution maps for Nigeria will be published, particularly on a monthly basis. A lightning dataset from the Global Lightning Dataset GLD360 network was analyzed for Nigeria from 2015 to 2021. The dataset contains over 123 million strokes, that occurred in Nigeria. Vaisala owns GLD360, which can properly detect the majority of lightning discharges throughout the world. The lightning variability on a monthly scale was first addressed for all 36 states and Federal Capital Territory in Nigeria. The monthly lightning stroke densities and occurrences for each state were an-alyzed to show the lightning-prone areas in the country. Analysis of the lightning dataset was performed with Python programming language and ArcGIS. It is expected that knowledge of lightning variability in Nigeria will help understanding of the weather conditions responsible for the lightning occurrence, the effect of lightning on power reliability, help locate severe weather, and when to safely have outdoor events in the country.
{"title":"Analysis of Monthly Lightning Distribution in Nigeria","authors":"Chinemere E. Anyiam, M. Omidiora, Samuel A. Isaac, R. Holle","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942572","url":null,"abstract":"This is the first time in the literature that lightning distribution maps for Nigeria will be published, particularly on a monthly basis. A lightning dataset from the Global Lightning Dataset GLD360 network was analyzed for Nigeria from 2015 to 2021. The dataset contains over 123 million strokes, that occurred in Nigeria. Vaisala owns GLD360, which can properly detect the majority of lightning discharges throughout the world. The lightning variability on a monthly scale was first addressed for all 36 states and Federal Capital Territory in Nigeria. The monthly lightning stroke densities and occurrences for each state were an-alyzed to show the lightning-prone areas in the country. Analysis of the lightning dataset was performed with Python programming language and ArcGIS. It is expected that knowledge of lightning variability in Nigeria will help understanding of the weather conditions responsible for the lightning occurrence, the effect of lightning on power reliability, help locate severe weather, and when to safely have outdoor events in the country.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116107196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942591
H. E. Sueta, J. Modena, José O. Barbosa, S. Santos, R. Zilles
This paper presents tests in photovoltaic module assembly whose objective is to verify the behavior of the connections of its components when conducting portion of the lightning current. The tests conducted on the arrangements showed that for the direct current pulses, simulating continuing currents, they did not damage the connections or the modules used.
{"title":"Preliminary studies on the distribution of lightning current in the components of PV modules","authors":"H. E. Sueta, J. Modena, José O. Barbosa, S. Santos, R. Zilles","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942591","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents tests in photovoltaic module assembly whose objective is to verify the behavior of the connections of its components when conducting portion of the lightning current. The tests conducted on the arrangements showed that for the direct current pulses, simulating continuing currents, they did not damage the connections or the modules used.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116430402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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