Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942614
A. Leal, V. Rakov
Negative lightning flashes involve a number of different processes, including preliminary breakdown, stepped leaders, return strokes, continuing currents, and M-components. The Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) onboard of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R-series (GOES-R) is an optical lightning detector. The GLM provides three types of data: events, groups, and flashes. According to GLM designers, the group data are intended to track strokes. We recorded wideband lightning electric fields in the Amazon and compared them with the corresponding GLM group data (optical energy) to investigate what lightning processes can be detected by GLM from space. Based on a sample of 13 -CG flashes containing 37 return strokes, we found that GLM detected all the return strokes. It also detected what appeared to be IC branches, but did not detect one CID/NBE that occurred after a RS in a -CG flash. Further, the GLM detected 70% of first-stroke leaders (9 out of 13), as well as subsequent-stroke leaders in five multiple-stroke flashes. The GLM did not detect any preliminary breakdown processes. Two return strokes were followed by luminosity detections lasting for more than 10 ms, indicating some continuing current flowing in the lightning channel to the ground.
{"title":"Processes in -CG lightning flashes detected from space by GLM: A ground-truth study in the Amazon","authors":"A. Leal, V. Rakov","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942614","url":null,"abstract":"Negative lightning flashes involve a number of different processes, including preliminary breakdown, stepped leaders, return strokes, continuing currents, and M-components. The Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) onboard of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R-series (GOES-R) is an optical lightning detector. The GLM provides three types of data: events, groups, and flashes. According to GLM designers, the group data are intended to track strokes. We recorded wideband lightning electric fields in the Amazon and compared them with the corresponding GLM group data (optical energy) to investigate what lightning processes can be detected by GLM from space. Based on a sample of 13 -CG flashes containing 37 return strokes, we found that GLM detected all the return strokes. It also detected what appeared to be IC branches, but did not detect one CID/NBE that occurred after a RS in a -CG flash. Further, the GLM detected 70% of first-stroke leaders (9 out of 13), as well as subsequent-stroke leaders in five multiple-stroke flashes. The GLM did not detect any preliminary breakdown processes. Two return strokes were followed by luminosity detections lasting for more than 10 ms, indicating some continuing current flowing in the lightning channel to the ground.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124166537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942658
S. C. Lim, Omar Abdelaziz Hashem Mohamed, Chandima Gomes
Lightning risk assessment is a crucial stage when designing a lightning protection system. The MS IEC 62305–2 which is the national adoption of IEC 62305–2 (2007) is a mandatory standard in Malaysia since 2011. While it is a comprehensive standard, many practicing electrical engineers find the entire risk evaluation exercise as tedious and cumbersome. This is especially true when assessing the risk of simple structures. Several commercial tools have been developed to ease the lightning risk assessment process. However, such tools may not be accessible to everyone of interest. In this paper, sensitivity analysis will be performed to identify the most significant parameters in the risk assessment based on MS IEC 62305–2. Based on the sensitivity index (SI) method, it was found that lightning flash density (Ng), environmental factor (CE) and special hazard (hz) are the most significant parameters contributing towards the overall risk value of a simple structure. Practicing engineers may prioritise the evaluation of these aforementioned parameters to simplify and expedite the lightning risk assessment exercise especially for simple structures.
{"title":"Sensitivity Analysis of the Parameters for Lightning Risk Assessment","authors":"S. C. Lim, Omar Abdelaziz Hashem Mohamed, Chandima Gomes","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942658","url":null,"abstract":"Lightning risk assessment is a crucial stage when designing a lightning protection system. The MS IEC 62305–2 which is the national adoption of IEC 62305–2 (2007) is a mandatory standard in Malaysia since 2011. While it is a comprehensive standard, many practicing electrical engineers find the entire risk evaluation exercise as tedious and cumbersome. This is especially true when assessing the risk of simple structures. Several commercial tools have been developed to ease the lightning risk assessment process. However, such tools may not be accessible to everyone of interest. In this paper, sensitivity analysis will be performed to identify the most significant parameters in the risk assessment based on MS IEC 62305–2. Based on the sensitivity index (SI) method, it was found that lightning flash density (Ng), environmental factor (CE) and special hazard (hz) are the most significant parameters contributing towards the overall risk value of a simple structure. Practicing engineers may prioritise the evaluation of these aforementioned parameters to simplify and expedite the lightning risk assessment exercise especially for simple structures.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129890938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942558
Zhihao Fang, Z. Wu, Jinwen Mai, Xujiang Shi, Yang Xu, Yi Hong, Xia Hua, Jiahuan Feng, Chong Sze Tong, Tao Hu
Thunderstorms have become more and more frequent in recent years, and lightning protection of power grid is becoming more important. When lighting happens, the transfer and control of power flow is required as soon as possible. In the control system, bandwidth represents the response speed. This paper introduces the control principle of power flow in power grid dynamic lightning protection system. Taking the parallel side current control in the unified power flow control device (UPFC) as an example, the paper presents the specific method to improve the bandwidth of the control loop.
{"title":"Improvement of Control Loop Bandwidth of UPFC in Dynamic Lightning Protection System","authors":"Zhihao Fang, Z. Wu, Jinwen Mai, Xujiang Shi, Yang Xu, Yi Hong, Xia Hua, Jiahuan Feng, Chong Sze Tong, Tao Hu","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942558","url":null,"abstract":"Thunderstorms have become more and more frequent in recent years, and lightning protection of power grid is becoming more important. When lighting happens, the transfer and control of power flow is required as soon as possible. In the control system, bandwidth represents the response speed. This paper introduces the control principle of power flow in power grid dynamic lightning protection system. Taking the parallel side current control in the unified power flow control device (UPFC) as an example, the paper presents the specific method to improve the bandwidth of the control loop.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129848962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942474
Jose V. Moris, D. Ascoli, Hugh G. P. Hunt
The holdover phase (i.e., the time between lightning-induced ignition and fire detection) is a phenomenon characteristic of lightning-caused wildfires. In this paper, we analyzed multiple holdover time datasets to determine the best statistical distribution for this phenomenon. We found that the gamma distribution seems a suitable candidate to model holdover times. We propose applications of the gamma distribution to improve the investigation of lightning-caused wildfires.
{"title":"Probability distributions for holdover time of lightning-caused wildfires","authors":"Jose V. Moris, D. Ascoli, Hugh G. P. Hunt","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942474","url":null,"abstract":"The holdover phase (i.e., the time between lightning-induced ignition and fire detection) is a phenomenon characteristic of lightning-caused wildfires. In this paper, we analyzed multiple holdover time datasets to determine the best statistical distribution for this phenomenon. We found that the gamma distribution seems a suitable candidate to model holdover times. We propose applications of the gamma distribution to improve the investigation of lightning-caused wildfires.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129050561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942624
Renier Van Rooyen, Oswald Van Ginkel, Gavin Strelec, Hugh G. P. Hunt
This paper presents a methodology that aims to reconcile the presence of lightning within the vicinity of a power line and the unexpected circuit breaker operation or insulation failure of electrical power plant assets, based on geospatial and temporal correlation. In this process, it can be inferred that repeated geospatial correlations indicate poorly performing lightning protection. This information set forms a basis that can facilitate prioritisation of maintenance routines and money spent on network improvement for specific locations of the network. The ultimate output of the methodology is a map which indicates poorly performing segments of a power line in relation to lightning activity exposure. The method reduces unmanageably large (~108) multi-dimensional datasets into a user-friendly 3D geospatial representation that can be readily interpreted and actioned. The method produces convincing correlations that can form the basis for preliminary investigation and adapted to many potential uses.
{"title":"Processing and Visualisation Methodologies for Lightning and Outage Related Big Data in an Effort to Improve Maintenance and Operations within an Electrical Power Utility","authors":"Renier Van Rooyen, Oswald Van Ginkel, Gavin Strelec, Hugh G. P. Hunt","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942624","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a methodology that aims to reconcile the presence of lightning within the vicinity of a power line and the unexpected circuit breaker operation or insulation failure of electrical power plant assets, based on geospatial and temporal correlation. In this process, it can be inferred that repeated geospatial correlations indicate poorly performing lightning protection. This information set forms a basis that can facilitate prioritisation of maintenance routines and money spent on network improvement for specific locations of the network. The ultimate output of the methodology is a map which indicates poorly performing segments of a power line in relation to lightning activity exposure. The method reduces unmanageably large (~108) multi-dimensional datasets into a user-friendly 3D geospatial representation that can be readily interpreted and actioned. The method produces convincing correlations that can form the basis for preliminary investigation and adapted to many potential uses.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127912853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942478
Bryan Denov, Syarif Hidayat, Suwarno, R. Zoro
Lightning strikes can cause damage to building structures, damage to equipment and human victims. To prevent the danger of lightning strikes, it is necessary to study the characteristics of lightning, known as lightning parameters. One of the lightning parameters is lightning peak current. Direct measurement of lightning peak current has been carried out in West Java such as Bandung, Bogor, Depok, Bekasi, and Cirebon using tall tower and high structure since 1993. The measurement system consists of magnetic tape and lightning event counter. This system was installed at the bottom of lightning protection system. A method to obtain the lightning data massively and easily is presented. Based on 35 measurement results, it was obtained 16 $mathbf{kA}$ for 50% probability of lightning events in West Java. This statistic is expected to help engineer to design lightning protection system using local data in West Java.
{"title":"Tropical Lightning Peak Current Measurement at West Java, Indonesia","authors":"Bryan Denov, Syarif Hidayat, Suwarno, R. Zoro","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942478","url":null,"abstract":"Lightning strikes can cause damage to building structures, damage to equipment and human victims. To prevent the danger of lightning strikes, it is necessary to study the characteristics of lightning, known as lightning parameters. One of the lightning parameters is lightning peak current. Direct measurement of lightning peak current has been carried out in West Java such as Bandung, Bogor, Depok, Bekasi, and Cirebon using tall tower and high structure since 1993. The measurement system consists of magnetic tape and lightning event counter. This system was installed at the bottom of lightning protection system. A method to obtain the lightning data massively and easily is presented. Based on 35 measurement results, it was obtained 16 $mathbf{kA}$ for 50% probability of lightning events in West Java. This statistic is expected to help engineer to design lightning protection system using local data in West Java.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123183910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942531
Susana Naranjo Villamil, J. Gazave, Eric Piedallu, M. Franchet, Boris Marquois, C. Guiffaut, A. Reineix
Estimating the transient magnetic field generated by a direct lightning strike is essential to protect sensitive electronic devices in industrial facilities. The accuracy of the estimation depends on the approach and the representatives of the model. Out of the different alternatives available in the literature, the full-wave methods are usually the most reliable. Nevertheless, there is still uncertainty in the results because considering all the components of the electromagnetic environment in the models is virtually impossible. To validate the representation of reinforced concrete structures in full-wave simulations, in this paper, we compare the magnetic field measured between two interconnected reinforced concrete walls to the magnetic field computed using CST Studio Suite. Similar tendencies for the distribution of the peak-values are observed; yet, some adjustments may be necessary to reproduce the waveforms.
估算直接雷击产生的瞬态磁场对于保护工业设施中的敏感电子设备至关重要。估计的准确性取决于方法和模型的代表。在文献中可用的不同替代方法中，全波方法通常是最可靠的。然而，结果仍然存在不确定性，因为考虑模型中电磁环境的所有组成部分实际上是不可能的。为了验证钢筋混凝土结构在全波模拟中的表现，在本文中，我们将两个相互连接的钢筋混凝土墙之间测量的磁场与使用CST Studio Suite计算的磁场进行了比较。观察到的峰值分布也有类似的趋势;然而，一些调整可能是必要的再现波形。
{"title":"Measurement of Magnetic Fields Generated by a Lightning Current Flowing Through Reinforced Concrete Walls","authors":"Susana Naranjo Villamil, J. Gazave, Eric Piedallu, M. Franchet, Boris Marquois, C. Guiffaut, A. Reineix","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942531","url":null,"abstract":"Estimating the transient magnetic field generated by a direct lightning strike is essential to protect sensitive electronic devices in industrial facilities. The accuracy of the estimation depends on the approach and the representatives of the model. Out of the different alternatives available in the literature, the full-wave methods are usually the most reliable. Nevertheless, there is still uncertainty in the results because considering all the components of the electromagnetic environment in the models is virtually impossible. To validate the representation of reinforced concrete structures in full-wave simulations, in this paper, we compare the magnetic field measured between two interconnected reinforced concrete walls to the magnetic field computed using CST Studio Suite. Similar tendencies for the distribution of the peak-values are observed; yet, some adjustments may be necessary to reproduce the waveforms.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"136 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131452591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942642
Sechaba Bareetseng, Chandima Gomes
In this paper, we present the results of qualitative research conducted in KwaZulu-Natal, a province that experiences ground flash density in the range of 10–14 flashes km−2yr−1, The qualitative research was done with the objectives of investigating the lighting curbing properties of the three plant species used by the Traditional Health Practitioners (THPs), namely Umathunga, Umhlosinga and Isiphephetho (Indungulo) from the perspective of the THPs Altogether 137 THPs with varying experience spans up to 30 years of career time have been interviewed following ethics clearance and formal protocols. The interview protocol with 24 questions has been given to the sample, in their native language and used to guide the researchers during the interview process. In this paper, which is the first of its type, we present only the outcomes without making any judgements or solid conclusions, keeping the subject onen to further investigations and scientific experiments.
{"title":"A Qualitative Research Approach to Study the Healing Powers of Plant Species against Lightning Used by South African Indigenous Communities of KwaZulu Natal Province, South Africa","authors":"Sechaba Bareetseng, Chandima Gomes","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942642","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the results of qualitative research conducted in KwaZulu-Natal, a province that experiences ground flash density in the range of 10–14 flashes km−2yr−1, The qualitative research was done with the objectives of investigating the lighting curbing properties of the three plant species used by the Traditional Health Practitioners (THPs), namely Umathunga, Umhlosinga and Isiphephetho (Indungulo) from the perspective of the THPs Altogether 137 THPs with varying experience spans up to 30 years of career time have been interviewed following ethics clearance and formal protocols. The interview protocol with 24 questions has been given to the sample, in their native language and used to guide the researchers during the interview process. In this paper, which is the first of its type, we present only the outcomes without making any judgements or solid conclusions, keeping the subject onen to further investigations and scientific experiments.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114213494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942648
Nicolas Enriquez Menjura, Daniel Alejandro Lindo Parada, Jorge E. Rodríguez M, Francisco J. Roman C
In this paper the analysis, design, construction and validation of a prototype of a low-ohmic coaxial resistor made of rip-stop conductive fabric to measure 8/20 μs lightning current impulses, is described. To understand the limitations and variations of the impedance characteristics of the tested conductive fabric, the measured results were contrasted with a Rogowski coil and a calibrated Haefely coaxial cylindrical shunt. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the studied rip-stop conductive fabric could be used, as a low resistive material, in the construction of coaxial low-ohmic resistors. Additionally, the experimental set-up can be used to characterize such textiles under different lightning-like current amplitudes.
{"title":"Construction of a low-ohmic coaxial resistor made of conductive fabric","authors":"Nicolas Enriquez Menjura, Daniel Alejandro Lindo Parada, Jorge E. Rodríguez M, Francisco J. Roman C","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942648","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the analysis, design, construction and validation of a prototype of a low-ohmic coaxial resistor made of rip-stop conductive fabric to measure 8/20 μs lightning current impulses, is described. To understand the limitations and variations of the impedance characteristics of the tested conductive fabric, the measured results were contrasted with a Rogowski coil and a calibrated Haefely coaxial cylindrical shunt. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the studied rip-stop conductive fabric could be used, as a low resistive material, in the construction of coaxial low-ohmic resistors. Additionally, the experimental set-up can be used to characterize such textiles under different lightning-like current amplitudes.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123853764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942502
G. Diendorfer, F. Bologna, C. Engelbrecht
Three distinct data sets are analyzed in terms of probability of flashes having subsequent strokes with higher peak currents than the first stroke in the flash. This type of flashes may have some implication in the shielding failure rate of transmission lines. For three distinct data sets we obtained about 30 % of flashes with a ratio Isub/I1>1. For about 10 % of the flashes the peak current of a subsequent stroke is more the two times the peak of the first stroke, and for about 3 to 4 % of the flashes we obtained a ratio Isub/Il is grater then 3.
{"title":"A review of the relationship between peak currents of the first and subsequent strokes in the same flash","authors":"G. Diendorfer, F. Bologna, C. Engelbrecht","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942502","url":null,"abstract":"Three distinct data sets are analyzed in terms of probability of flashes having subsequent strokes with higher peak currents than the first stroke in the flash. This type of flashes may have some implication in the shielding failure rate of transmission lines. For three distinct data sets we obtained about 30 % of flashes with a ratio Isub/I1>1. For about 10 % of the flashes the peak current of a subsequent stroke is more the two times the peak of the first stroke, and for about 3 to 4 % of the flashes we obtained a ratio Isub/Il is grater then 3.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123924584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：