This paper presents a diachronic account of the use of selected Romance loanwords (from A to K) in the Pomjan local speech of the Šavrini dialect. The Romance loanwords, which are an integral part of the Istrian dialects of Slavic origin, are the result of the centuries-long life of Istrians with Slavic and Romance roots. They are reflected as simple borrowings, hybrid borrowings, Romance phrases, calques, and so on. The loanwords collected by the Slovenian dialectologist Tine Logar in 1957 in Pomjan (Slovenian Istria) were compared with those we hear from today's dialect speakers. In 29 etymological articles we find out whether the Romance loanwords used by the villagers more than sixty years ago are still known and used by the locals today. At the same time, we show the spread of the lexemes in other parts of Slovenian Istria and connect them to their first origin, which is mainly Istrian-Venetian – the existence of the lexeme is also proved 1) in the Triestine dialect, 2) in Venetian and 3) in Standard Italian. The etymological articles conclude with a reference to the final source of the word.
{"title":"DIACHRONIC REPRESENTATION OF SELECTED ROMANCE LOANWORDS IN THE LOCAL SPEECH OF POMJAN","authors":"Suzana Todorović","doi":"10.31902/fll.40.2022.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.40.2022.13","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a diachronic account of the use of selected Romance loanwords (from A to K) in the Pomjan local speech of the Šavrini dialect. The Romance loanwords, which are an integral part of the Istrian dialects of Slavic origin, are the result of the centuries-long life of Istrians with Slavic and Romance roots. They are reflected as simple borrowings, hybrid borrowings, Romance phrases, calques, and so on. The loanwords collected by the Slovenian dialectologist Tine Logar in 1957 in Pomjan (Slovenian Istria) were compared with those we hear from today's dialect speakers. In 29 etymological articles we find out whether the Romance loanwords used by the villagers more than sixty years ago are still known and used by the locals today. At the same time, we show the spread of the lexemes in other parts of Slovenian Istria and connect them to their first origin, which is mainly Istrian-Venetian – the existence of the lexeme is also proved 1) in the Triestine dialect, 2) in Venetian and 3) in Standard Italian. The etymological articles conclude with a reference to the final source of the word.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48073873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of our paper is to present the general reception of the creative life and literary works of Danilo Kiš in Slovakia against the background of Serbian postmodernity. We want to do this in connection with the milestone year 1989 (the date of the fall of the Berlin Wall and the Velvet Revolution in Slovakia, but also the year of the author's death), which unfortunately did not live in a dream of democracy in Central or Southeastern Europe. Finally, it is symbolic that D. Kiš's works were relatively well-known and well received in the territory of the former Czechoslovakia, and were translated both before and after 1989, while professional general reflection on his works is increasing, especially since the 1990s, when several literary theoreticians and critics have returned to his life and creative messages with sympathy. However, we will go in medias res and present all the registered responses to the topic. The approach chosen will not be chronological, the order of these considerations will be involuntary, but in the end we will also offer a bibliographical list of all translated works from Serbian postmodern literature in the Slovak language from 1989 to 2019 in alphabetical order. It is a list of translated novels, collections of short stories, poetry selections and dramas by contemporary Serbian writers, which have been adapted by several Slovak translators. The corpus of these translated works from Serbian literature into Slovak after 1989 is therefore not only welcome, but perhaps also fully accepted.
{"title":"“POETICS AT THE CROSSROADS”: SERBIAN POSTMODERN LITERATURE BEFORE AND AFTER 1989 IN SLOVAKIA: THE SPECIAL CASE OF DANILO KIŠ (1935 - 1989)","authors":"Z. Taneski","doi":"10.31902/fll.40.2022.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.40.2022.9","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our paper is to present the general reception of the creative life and literary works of Danilo Kiš in Slovakia against the background of Serbian postmodernity. We want to do this in connection with the milestone year 1989 (the date of the fall of the Berlin Wall and the Velvet Revolution in Slovakia, but also the year of the author's death), which unfortunately did not live in a dream of democracy in Central or Southeastern Europe. Finally, it is symbolic that D. Kiš's works were relatively well-known and well received in the territory of the former Czechoslovakia, and were translated both before and after 1989, while professional general reflection on his works is increasing, especially since the 1990s, when several literary theoreticians and critics have returned to his life and creative messages with sympathy. However, we will go in medias res and present all the registered responses to the topic. The approach chosen will not be chronological, the order of these considerations will be involuntary, but in the end we will also offer a bibliographical list of all translated works from Serbian postmodern literature in the Slovak language from 1989 to 2019 in alphabetical order. It is a list of translated novels, collections of short stories, poetry selections and dramas by contemporary Serbian writers, which have been adapted by several Slovak translators. The corpus of these translated works from Serbian literature into Slovak after 1989 is therefore not only welcome, but perhaps also fully accepted.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42736421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main goal of this research is the quantitative and qualitative analysis of lexical errors in spoken discourse in English language teaching of pupils in the 9th grade of primary schools in the northern, central and southern parts of Montenegro. The analysis was carried out between 2013 and 2018. The corpus of this paper consists of audio-recording of 30 English classes, each lasting 45 minutes. This provided relevant data that enabled the identification of errors and the conclusions that are presented in this paper. Comparative analysis was used to check whether there were significant differences in the number and type of errors among the pupils from the three regions. The quantitative analysis showed that the total number of errors is 1,311. The results show that (1) the largest number of errors in the central part of Montenegro relate to the incorrect use of verbs in translating sentences; (2) in the southern and northern parts the largest number of errors relate to the incorrect use of prepositions; (3) the fewest errors cause by interference appear in the northern part; and (4) the incorrect use of words (in terms of their meaning) was not identified in any of the regions. These results may be interesting for the educational authorities, helping them create adequate curricula and develop appropriate classroom activities in the English language classroom.
{"title":"LEXICAL ERROR ANALYSIS IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL EFL CLASSROOM","authors":"Julija Jaramaz, I. Lakić","doi":"10.31902/fll.40.2022.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.40.2022.16","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of this research is the quantitative and qualitative analysis of lexical errors in spoken discourse in English language teaching of pupils in the 9th grade of primary schools in the northern, central and southern parts of Montenegro. The analysis was carried out between 2013 and 2018. The corpus of this paper consists of audio-recording of 30 English classes, each lasting 45 minutes. This provided relevant data that enabled the identification of errors and the conclusions that are presented in this paper. Comparative analysis was used to check whether there were significant differences in the number and type of errors among the pupils from the three regions. The quantitative analysis showed that the total number of errors is 1,311. The results show that (1) the largest number of errors in the central part of Montenegro relate to the incorrect use of verbs in translating sentences; (2) in the southern and northern parts the largest number of errors relate to the incorrect use of prepositions; (3) the fewest errors cause by interference appear in the northern part; and (4) the incorrect use of words (in terms of their meaning) was not identified in any of the regions. These results may be interesting for the educational authorities, helping them create adequate curricula and develop appropriate classroom activities in the English language classroom.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44443686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The struggle for domination clearly persists in The Homecoming as it does in almost all of Pinter’s works. Because of the vague atmosphere, enigmatic characters, and dark, tragicomic dialogue and action, a single decisive meaning for the play cannot be identified. Many character analyses have been carried out on the play, frequently focusing on Ruth and her decision at the end. Moreover, critics have sought to read the play in the light of psychoanalysis, centering on the characters’ past and complexes. By adding a sociopolitical dimension to purely realistic or symbolic readings, this article attempts to analyze the relationships of domination and servitude between characters at the micro-level of the family structure through Marx’s notions of fetishism in relations between individuals, and commodity fetishism as expounded by Slavoj Žižek. With the help of Žižek’s ideas on ideology, a new layer of sociopolitical signification to the relationships held between characters is added, particularly that between Ruth and the men, which is seen as a parallel to the macro-level fetishized relationships in pre-capitalist societies and commodity fetishism in a capitalist one.
{"title":"DOMINATION, SERVITUDE AND COMMODITY FETISHISM IN HAROLD PINTER’S THE HOMECOMING","authors":"Ali Salami, Reza Dadafarid","doi":"10.31902/fll.40.2022.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.40.2022.7","url":null,"abstract":"The struggle for domination clearly persists in The Homecoming as it does in almost all of Pinter’s works. Because of the vague atmosphere, enigmatic characters, and dark, tragicomic dialogue and action, a single decisive meaning for the play cannot be identified. Many character analyses have been carried out on the play, frequently focusing on Ruth and her decision at the end. Moreover, critics have sought to read the play in the light of psychoanalysis, centering on the characters’ past and complexes. By adding a sociopolitical dimension to purely realistic or symbolic readings, this article attempts to analyze the relationships of domination and servitude between characters at the micro-level of the family structure through Marx’s notions of fetishism in relations between individuals, and commodity fetishism as expounded by Slavoj Žižek. With the help of Žižek’s ideas on ideology, a new layer of sociopolitical signification to the relationships held between characters is added, particularly that between Ruth and the men, which is seen as a parallel to the macro-level fetishized relationships in pre-capitalist societies and commodity fetishism in a capitalist one.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44757224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents an approach to the literature based on an analysis of three factors: the historical reader, the historical author, and the informed reader. By applying synchronic and diachronic methods of reading, an acceptable critical reading of a literary work is proposed. The paper aims to explain the functioning of all three factors through the interpretation of Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels. The result of the interpretation is the discovery of the truth about the true nature of colonialism, which is still relevant today. At the same time, the paper shows the importance of applying the appropriate methodology in the study of literature as a way of achieving and preserving its autonomy in relation to the other humanities.
{"title":"HIDDEN TRUTHS IN JONATHAN SWIFT’S GULLIVER’S TRAVELS","authors":"Kornelije Kvas","doi":"10.31902/fll.40.2022.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.40.2022.3","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an approach to the literature based on an analysis of three factors: the historical reader, the historical author, and the informed reader. By applying synchronic and diachronic methods of reading, an acceptable critical reading of a literary work is proposed. The paper aims to explain the functioning of all three factors through the interpretation of Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels. The result of the interpretation is the discovery of the truth about the true nature of colonialism, which is still relevant today. At the same time, the paper shows the importance of applying the appropriate methodology in the study of literature as a way of achieving and preserving its autonomy in relation to the other humanities.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42576936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is an interpretation of Olga Tokarczuk’s novel Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead from the perspective of affective ecocriticism. The first section concentrates on the socio-political circumstances surrounding the novel’s release. This part of the article also considers Tokarczuk’s understanding of literature as an opportunity to experience sadness, frustration and anger in a cathartic way, and, in doing so, examine and better understand those emotions. It is argued that Drive Your Plow concentrates on two emotions in particular – sorrow and anger – doing so in the context of a wider debate on moral outrage and ecological activism. The article devotes considerable attention to anger, as experienced by the main protagonist of the novel, Janina Duszejko. It is shown that the notion of anger as retribution permeates Duszejko’s conviction that one has the moral obligation to oppose injustice. Nevertheless, Duszejko’s violent actions problematize her stance on anger, emphasizing her inability to control this emotion.
{"title":"“A TRAGIC STORY ABOUT HELPLESSNESS, ANGER AND CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE”: AN AFFECTIVE READING OF OLGA TOKARCZUK’S DRIVE YOUR PLOW OVER THE BONES OF THE DEAD","authors":"M. Pawlicki","doi":"10.31902/fll.40.2022.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.40.2022.2","url":null,"abstract":"The article is an interpretation of Olga Tokarczuk’s novel Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead from the perspective of affective ecocriticism. The first section concentrates on the socio-political circumstances surrounding the novel’s release. This part of the article also considers Tokarczuk’s understanding of literature as an opportunity to experience sadness, frustration and anger in a cathartic way, and, in doing so, examine and better understand those emotions. It is argued that Drive Your Plow concentrates on two emotions in particular – sorrow and anger – doing so in the context of a wider debate\u0000on moral outrage and ecological activism. The article devotes considerable attention to\u0000anger, as experienced by the main protagonist of the novel, Janina Duszejko. It is shown\u0000that the notion of anger as retribution permeates Duszejko’s conviction that one has the\u0000moral obligation to oppose injustice. Nevertheless, Duszejko’s violent actions problematize her stance on anger, emphasizing her inability to control this emotion.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41811329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Listening Skill of any language is the key to all effective communication (Amir & Kang, 2018a; Amir & Kang, 2018b). Listening means the ability to receive and interpret the spoken text accurately and this fact makes it the one communication skill that a language learner should master. Considering the importance of the English language in Pakistan’s educational system, and that of Listening comprehension in the communication system, this study critically evaluates listening competency making a comparison between various groups of Higher Secondary School students of the provincial capital Quetta. The purpose of the study is to identify problems and hurdles that students face while listening to the English language and recommend the remedial steps required to be taken by the subject specialists i.e. teachers of English. The study evaluated the performance of Higher Secondary Students in listening comprehension through the conduct of Listening Comprehension Test/Tests in the classrooms while Questionnaires were used to identify problems of listening comprehension, teaching strategies, listening habits, and other variables. The data collected was analyzed quantitatively to determine the significant differences and correlations between various groups and subgroups of students formed on the basis of sectors and gender. The study was expected to help the teachers and students in better academic performance and concluded with findings and subsequent recommendations for teachers and students to improve listening comprehension of English with respect to the Educational system prevailing in the province of Baluchistan.
{"title":"CRITICAL EVALUATION OF LISTENING COMPREHENSION COMPETENCY IN HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOLS: EVIDENCE FROM QUETTA, BALUCHISTAN, PAKISTAN","authors":"Shamaila Amir, Ahmad Saeed, Muhammad Akhtar Kang","doi":"10.31902/fll.39.2022.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.39.2022.19","url":null,"abstract":"Listening Skill of any language is the key to all effective communication (Amir & Kang, 2018a; Amir & Kang, 2018b). Listening means the ability to receive and interpret the spoken text accurately and this fact makes it the one communication skill that a language learner should master. Considering the importance of the English language in Pakistan’s educational system, and that of Listening comprehension in the communication system, this study critically evaluates listening competency making a comparison between various groups of Higher Secondary School students of the provincial capital Quetta. The purpose of the study is to identify problems and hurdles that students face while listening to the English language and recommend the remedial steps required to be taken by the subject specialists i.e. teachers of English. The study evaluated the performance of Higher Secondary Students in listening comprehension through the conduct of Listening Comprehension Test/Tests in the classrooms while Questionnaires were used to identify problems of listening comprehension, teaching strategies, listening habits, and other variables. The data collected was analyzed quantitatively to determine the significant differences and correlations between various groups and subgroups of students formed on the basis of sectors and gender. The study was expected to help the teachers and students in better academic performance and concluded with findings and subsequent recommendations for teachers and students to improve listening comprehension of English with respect to the Educational system prevailing in the province of Baluchistan.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42305940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study investigates to what extent the effect of context is responsible in facilitating L2 idiom comprehension. Forty students of Italian as a foreign language (L1 Croatian) completed comprehension tests consisting of unfamiliar L2 Italian metaphorical idioms, first presented with only general context and then with a specific context. To date, a large number of studies have described and analysed factors that influence the recognition and comprehension of idioms in one’s native language, and in the last twenty years the same topic has also been investigated for L2 idiom comprehension. However, many of these studies differ in terms of methodology (eye-tracking, control L1 groups, comprehension tests), the aim of the study, and ultimately, the corpus of the study (processing literal vs. metaphorical recognition, unfamiliar vs. familiar idioms, typology of idioms). Through a carefully designed questionnaire, in this study we exclude all possible factors that could influence idiom comprehension and isolate the context factor in the results. Given that in our previous research (2018) we collected highly unfamiliar Italian L2 opaque idioms and idioms without absolute and partial formal equivalents in Croatian, such as essere al verde, essere in gamba, and essere nato con la camicia, we can now psycholinguisticaly analyse to what extent the appropriate context can infer the correct comprehension of Italian L2 idioms.
本研究探讨语境在多大程度上促进了二语习语的理解。40名意大利语作为外语（L1克罗地亚语）的学生完成了由不熟悉的L2意大利语隐喻性习语组成的理解测试，首先只呈现一般上下文，然后呈现特定上下文。到目前为止，大量的研究已经描述和分析了影响母语习语识别和理解的因素，在过去的二十年里，同样的主题也被研究用于二语习语理解。然而，这些研究中的许多在方法论（眼动追踪、对照L1组、理解测试）、研究目的以及最终的研究语料库（处理字面与隐喻识别、陌生与熟悉习语、习语类型学）方面都有所不同。本研究通过精心设计的调查问卷，排除了所有可能影响成语理解的因素，并在调查结果中孤立了语境因素。鉴于在我们之前的研究（2018）中，我们收集了非常不熟悉的意大利二语不透明习语和克罗地亚语中没有绝对和部分形式对等词的习语，如essere al-verde、essere in gamba和essere nato con la camicia，我们现在可以从心理语言学角度分析适当的语境在多大程度上可以推断出对意大利二语习语的正确理解。
{"title":"THE RELEVANCE OF CONTEXT IN UNFAMILIAR L2 IDIOM COMPREHENSION","authors":"I. Marković","doi":"10.31902/fll.39.2022.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.39.2022.18","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates to what extent the effect of context is responsible in facilitating L2 idiom comprehension. Forty students of Italian as a foreign language (L1 Croatian) completed comprehension tests consisting of unfamiliar L2 Italian metaphorical idioms, first presented with only general context and then with a specific context. To date, a large number of studies have described and analysed factors that influence the recognition and comprehension of idioms in one’s native language, and in the last twenty years the same topic has also been investigated for L2 idiom comprehension. However, many of these studies differ in terms of methodology (eye-tracking, control L1 groups, comprehension tests), the aim of the study, and ultimately, the corpus of the study (processing literal vs. metaphorical recognition, unfamiliar vs. familiar idioms, typology of idioms). Through a carefully designed questionnaire, in this study we exclude all possible factors that could influence idiom comprehension and isolate the context factor in the results. Given that in our previous research (2018) we collected highly unfamiliar Italian L2 opaque idioms and idioms without absolute and partial formal equivalents in Croatian, such as essere al verde, essere in gamba, and essere nato con la camicia, we can now psycholinguisticaly analyse to what extent the appropriate context can infer the correct comprehension of Italian L2 idioms.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43063525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research is focused on the comparison between the abbreviations in modern Italian and those in Serbian and Montenegrin language, as stems for derivation by nominal, adjectival, and verbal suffixes. The approach is contrastive, and for the corpora were used mostly materials extracted from the daily press, as well as dictionaries of neologisms in the case of Italian corpus. For the Italian corpus, the dictionaries used were Neologismi: Parole nuove dai giornali (2009) by Istituto Treccani, with an updated online version of that dictionary on the publisher’s site https://www.treccani.it/magazine/lingua_italiana/neologismi/, as well as the database ONLI: Osservatorio Neologico della Lingua Italiana (https://www.iliesi.cnr.it/ONLI/), which collects materials mostly from daily and weekly press. Several studies on abbreviations were also very helpful as the source for examples of suffixation. Serbian and Montenegrin press was analyzed as one corpus, as there are virtually no differences between these languages as far as abbreviations are concerned. The latter corpus relies mostly on online versions of Serbian and Montenegrin daily press (Vijesti, Pobjeda, Dan, Novosti, Telegraf, Politika, and so on), with several examples taken from social media, blogs and web portals, for the most part through the web site Kontekst.io (https://www.kontekst.io/) which for Serbian corpus uses database srWaC (Serbian Web, https://www.clarin.si/noske/run.cgi/corp_info?corpname=srwac&struct_attr_ stats=1&subcorpora=1). As in printed Serbian and Montenegrin literature were found only older and, in some cases, outdated examples, it was necessary to complement this corpus with newer and more up-to-date materials. In the corpora analysis, neologisms derived from acronyms by suffixation were of particular interest, as an indicator of vitality and productivity of these lexical items in modern language. As they become more and more present in modern languages, this traditional approach to abbreviations as a marginal anomaly should be revised. It is necessary to establish consistent rules of writing and pronouncing for some acronyms, as well as to meet the requirements of everyday use which their limited inflection and morphosyntactic irregularity can complicate. Although their form does not conform to the rest of the language system, their use is becoming more frequent and encompassing, and the number of derivations from the most used and present abbreviations keeps growing. In both Serbian and Montenegrin linguistics, the research of abbreviations has merely started as far as word formation is concerned. Therefore, this field offers a lot of potential for further research, especially if one observes the daily influence of extralinguistic context on the changes in modern language.
研究的重点是现代意大利语中的缩写与塞尔维亚语和黑山语中的缩写之间的比较，作为名词后缀、形容词后缀和动词后缀派生的词干。这种方法是对比的，语料库主要使用从日报中提取的材料，以及意大利语语料库中的新词词典。对于意大利语语料库，使用的词典是Istituto Treccani的《新语序：Parole nuove dai giornali》（2009），该词典的更新在线版本在出版商网站上https://www.treccani.it/magazine/lingua_italiana/neologismi/，以及ONLI:Osservatorio Neologico della Lingua Italiana数据库(https://www.iliesi.cnr.it/ONLI/)，主要从日报和周报收集资料。一些关于缩写的研究也非常有助于作为后缀示例的来源。塞尔维亚语和黑山语报刊被分析为一个语料库，因为就缩写而言，这两种语言之间几乎没有区别。后一个语料库主要依赖于塞尔维亚和黑山日报的在线版本（Vijesti、Pobjeda、Dan、Novosti、Telegraf、Politika等），其中一些例子来自社交媒体、博客和门户网站，大部分是通过Kontekst.io网站(https://www.kontekst.io/)其对于塞尔维亚语语料库使用数据库srWaC（Serbia Web，https://www.clarin.si/noske/run.cgi/corp_info?corpname=srwac&struct_attr_stats=1&子公司=1）。正如在印刷的塞尔维亚和黑山文献中发现的那样，只有更古老的例子，在某些情况下是过时的例子，有必要用更新和最新的材料来补充这一语料库。在语料库分析中，通过后缀从首字母缩略词派生的新词特别令人感兴趣，作为这些词汇在现代语言中活力和生产力的指标。随着缩写在现代语言中越来越多地出现，这种将缩写视为边缘异常的传统方法应该得到修正。有必要为一些首字母缩略词建立一致的书写和发音规则，并满足日常使用的要求，因为它们的有限屈折和形态句法的不规则性会使日常使用变得复杂。尽管它们的形式与语言系统的其他部分不一致，但它们的使用越来越频繁和广泛，从最常用和最流行的缩写派生出来的派生词数量也在不断增加。在塞尔维亚语和黑山语语言学中，就单词的形成而言，对缩写的研究才刚刚开始。因此，这一领域为进一步研究提供了很大的潜力，尤其是如果我们观察到语言外语境对现代语言变化的日常影响。
{"title":"WORD-FORMATION PRODUCTIVITY OF ABBREVIATIONS IN ITALIAN AND SERBIAN / MONTENEGRIN: DERIVATION BY SUFFIXATION","authors":"Radmila Lazarević","doi":"10.31902/fll.39.2022.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.39.2022.11","url":null,"abstract":"The research is focused on the comparison between the abbreviations in modern Italian and those in Serbian and Montenegrin language, as stems for derivation by nominal, adjectival, and verbal suffixes. The approach is contrastive, and for the corpora were used mostly materials extracted from the daily press, as well as dictionaries of neologisms in the case of Italian corpus. For the Italian corpus, the dictionaries used were Neologismi: Parole nuove dai giornali (2009) by Istituto Treccani, with an updated online version of that dictionary on the publisher’s site https://www.treccani.it/magazine/lingua_italiana/neologismi/, as well as the database ONLI: Osservatorio Neologico della Lingua Italiana (https://www.iliesi.cnr.it/ONLI/), which collects materials mostly from daily and weekly press. Several studies on abbreviations were also very helpful as the source for examples of suffixation. Serbian and Montenegrin press was analyzed as one corpus, as there are virtually no differences between these languages as far as abbreviations are concerned. The latter corpus relies mostly on online versions of Serbian and Montenegrin daily press (Vijesti, Pobjeda, Dan, Novosti, Telegraf, Politika, and so on), with several examples taken from social media, blogs and web portals, for the most part through the web site Kontekst.io (https://www.kontekst.io/) which for Serbian corpus uses database srWaC (Serbian Web, https://www.clarin.si/noske/run.cgi/corp_info?corpname=srwac&struct_attr_ stats=1&subcorpora=1). As in printed Serbian and Montenegrin literature were found only older and, in some cases, outdated examples, it was necessary to complement this corpus with newer and more up-to-date materials. In the corpora analysis, neologisms derived from acronyms by suffixation were of particular interest, as an indicator of vitality and productivity of these lexical items in modern language. As they become more and more present in modern languages, this traditional approach to abbreviations as a marginal anomaly should be revised. It is necessary to establish consistent rules of writing and pronouncing for some acronyms, as well as to meet the requirements of everyday use which their limited inflection and morphosyntactic irregularity can complicate. Although their form does not conform to the rest of the language system, their use is becoming more frequent and encompassing, and the number of derivations from the most used and present abbreviations keeps growing. In both Serbian and Montenegrin linguistics, the research of abbreviations has merely started as far as word formation is concerned. Therefore, this field offers a lot of potential for further research, especially if one observes the daily influence of extralinguistic context on the changes in modern language.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45969093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.31902//fll.39.2022.20
Radenko Scekic
Novo djelo, istoričara dr Slavka Burzanovića “Crna Gora u Italijanskoj spoljnoj politici 1861–1923.”, predstavlja sistematski zaokupljene odgovore na zadatu temu, bez premca u crnogorskoj istoriografiji. Predstavlja rezultat autorovih istraživanja u domaćim i stranim arhivima i višegodišnjeg predanog bavljenja ovom temom, čije rezultate je kolega Burzanović ranije publikovao u formi nekoliko članaka i priloga.
{"title":"SLAVKO BURZANOVIĆ: CRNA GORA U ITALIJANSKOJ SPOLJNOJ POLITICI 1861–1923","authors":"Radenko Scekic","doi":"10.31902//fll.39.2022.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902//fll.39.2022.20","url":null,"abstract":"Novo djelo, istoričara dr Slavka Burzanovića “Crna Gora u Italijanskoj spoljnoj politici 1861–1923.”, predstavlja sistematski zaokupljene odgovore na zadatu temu, bez premca u crnogorskoj istoriografiji. Predstavlja rezultat autorovih istraživanja u domaćim i stranim arhivima i višegodišnjeg predanog bavljenja ovom temom, čije rezultate je kolega Burzanović ranije publikovao u formi nekoliko članaka i priloga.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43243878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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