The purpose of this paper was to analyze students’ interaction activities used in online classes during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The notion of interaction is widely recognized in the field of second language acquisition following Long’s interaction hypothesis (1985) which states that language proficiency is highly increased if there is an interaction in the FL classroom. For interaction in online classes teachers need to encourage high student interactivity and create a supportive and friendly environment and the first step toward achieving this would be provide a syllabus that clearly and simply describes expectations for the course in general and notes specific guidelines for each assignment, instructions, and deadlines (Durrington et al., 2006). Therefore, this issue remains challenging for teachers who are expected to convert their classroom teaching into an online platform, thus, maintaining the students’ interaction as the central element in teaching. Without any doubts, this task requires additional time, preparation, and technical support. Adequate staff development and student motivation are critical to ensure that faculty can design online courses effectively and develop the skills in enhancing students’ interaction. The research instruments used for this study are students’ questionnaires, students’ reflections and classroom observations of online teaching. The study was conducted at South East European University (SEEU) in North Macedonia with 80 students majoring in English Language and Literature as well as 5 EFL teachers. The results of the study showed that students perceived interaction as a very important element of the qualitative teaching and have given useful suggestions for teachers to increase their engagement in interaction activities. Given the restrictions of online teaching, in all online classes observed, exemplary interaction was achieved through Question and Answer method Comprehension technique and Discussion and Analysis of Online Videos where the students interacted with the teacher and their peers.
本文的目的是分析COVID-19大流行期间学生在在线课堂上使用的互动活动。根据Long的互动假设(1985)，互动的概念在第二语言习得领域得到了广泛的认可，该假设指出，如果在外语课堂中有互动，语言能力就会大大提高。对于在线课堂的互动，教师需要鼓励学生的高度互动，创造一个支持性和友好的环境，实现这一目标的第一步是提供一个教学大纲，清晰而简单地描述对课程的总体期望，并为每个作业、说明和截止日期提供具体的指导方针(Durrington et al.， 2006)。因此，对于教师来说，这个问题仍然是一个挑战，他们希望将课堂教学转变为在线平台，从而保持学生的互动作为教学的核心要素。毫无疑问，这项任务需要额外的时间、准备和技术支持。充分的员工发展和学生的积极性对于确保教师能够有效地设计在线课程和培养加强学生互动的技能至关重要。本研究使用的研究工具是学生问卷、学生反思和在线教学课堂观察。这项研究是在北马其顿的东南欧大学(SEEU)进行的，共有80名英语语言文学专业的学生和5名英语教师。研究结果表明，学生认为互动是定性教学的一个非常重要的因素，并为教师提高互动活动的参与度提供了有益的建议。考虑到网络教学的局限性，在观察到的所有网络课堂中，学生与老师和同学的互动都是通过问答法理解技巧和在线视频讨论分析来实现的。
{"title":"STUDENTS’ INTERACTION IN ONLINE CLASSES DURING COVID 19 PANDEMIC IN NORTH MACEDONIA","authors":"Brikena Xhaferi, Gëzim Xhaferri","doi":"10.31902/fll.36.2021.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.36.2021.19","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper was to analyze students’ interaction activities used in online classes during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The notion of interaction is widely recognized in the field of second language acquisition following Long’s interaction hypothesis (1985) which states that language proficiency is highly increased if there is an interaction in the FL classroom. For interaction in online classes teachers need to encourage high student interactivity and create a supportive and friendly environment and the first step toward achieving this would be provide a syllabus that clearly and simply describes expectations for the course in general and notes specific guidelines for each assignment, instructions, and deadlines (Durrington et al., 2006). Therefore, this issue remains challenging for teachers who are expected to convert their classroom teaching into an online platform, thus, maintaining the students’ interaction as the central element in teaching. Without any doubts, this task requires additional time, preparation, and technical support. Adequate staff development and student motivation are critical to ensure that faculty can design online courses effectively and develop the skills in enhancing students’ interaction. The research instruments used for this study are students’ questionnaires, students’ reflections and classroom observations of online teaching. The study was conducted at South East European University (SEEU) in North Macedonia with 80 students majoring in English Language and Literature as well as 5 EFL teachers. The results of the study showed that students perceived interaction as a very important element of the qualitative teaching and have given useful suggestions for teachers to increase their engagement in interaction activities. Given the restrictions of online teaching, in all online classes observed, exemplary interaction was achieved through Question and Answer method Comprehension technique and Discussion and Analysis of Online Videos where the students interacted with the teacher and their peers.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69785375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article we propose to present the Albanian author of the novel Le Petit Bala ou la Légende de la Solitude, a work that oscillates between tradition and modernity. The main character Bala succumbs to the clutches of exclusion, loneliness, and failed conquest in both love and revenge. A psychological novel, a particular segmented style that perfectly matches the original pen of Ridvan Dibra, author of a resurrected legend. The merit of the French translator is not to be overlooked: a translation very close to the original writing in Albanian, a loyal translation adding to other works by this author which have been translated into various foreign languages.
{"title":"E PETIT BALA OR THE LEGEND OF LONELINESS BY THE WRITER RIDVAN DIBRA - A WORK BETWEEN TRADITION AND MODERNITY","authors":"Drita Brahimi","doi":"10.31902/fll.36.2021.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.36.2021.11","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we propose to present the Albanian author of the novel Le Petit Bala ou la Légende de la Solitude, a work that oscillates between tradition and modernity. The main character Bala succumbs to the clutches of exclusion, loneliness, and failed conquest in both love and revenge. A psychological novel, a particular segmented style that perfectly matches the original pen of Ridvan Dibra, author of a resurrected legend. The merit of the French translator is not to be overlooked: a translation very close to the original writing in Albanian, a loyal translation adding to other works by this author which have been translated into various foreign languages.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42011235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work will be about the denied predicate and its appearance in the novel Dead and Alive by the Serbian author Ivan Zlatkovic. It has been largely acknowledged in semantics that action sentences denote events, but we want to find out what happens when these sentences are denied. Precisely, we will check whether they denote only the states in that case. It is believed that a negative action phrase presents something that did not happen and that they introduce some sort of negative event. For this, we ask the question of whether it is possible that a negative sentence presents action and can denote an event. Some linguists including Kamp and Reyle (1993) believe that the negative sentences do not describe eventualities but denote facts to which a reference point in time normally cannot be assigned. Since negation often implies a pause in the action, whereby the given possibility is negated and points out the absence of it, our goal is to indicate the occurrence of a negated event by which it still can be stated the existence and happening of the certain action with its own temporal referent depending on its pragmatic environment, that is crucial for our interpretation of the given event. The objective of this article is to describe the problem of negated events and the negation of rupture. In this regard, we demonstrate how linguists Saussure (2000), Kamp and Reyle (1993), as well as Amsili and Le Draoulec (1996) approached it. It should be noted that this term negation of rupture (négation de rupture in French) implies the reaction of the subject to the absence of an expected event that takes place outside the habit of the subject or the agent of the sentence (Saussure 2000, 260). We gave the example in affirmative and negative form with the same meaning (Jovan ne s’est pas arrêté au signe du policier- Jovan a continué à sa route au dépit du signe du policier (Jovan didn’t stop his car despite the sign of the police officer). Despite the fact that the positive expression and its negated form point to the same meaning, it is very important to answer how we can determine the temporal discourse referent of negated events.
这部作品将讲述被否定的谓语及其在塞尔维亚作家伊万·兹拉特科维奇的小说《死与活》中的出现。在语义学中，动作句表示事件已经得到了广泛的认可，但我们想知道当这些句子被否定时会发生什么。确切地说，我们将检查它们是否只表示这种情况下的州。人们认为，一个消极的动作短语代表了一些没有发生的事情，并引入了某种消极事件。为此，我们提出了一个问题，即否定句是否有可能表示动作并表示事件。包括Kamp和Reyle（1993）在内的一些语言学家认为，否定句并不描述偶然性，而是表示通常无法指定参考时间点的事实。由于否定通常意味着动作中的停顿，从而否定给定的可能性并指出其不存在，我们的目标是指示被否定事件的发生，通过该事件仍然可以根据其语用环境用其自己的时间指称来陈述特定动作的存在和发生，这对我们对给定事件的解释至关重要。本文的目的是描述否定事件和断裂的否定问题。在这方面，我们展示了语言学家Saussure（2000）、Kamp和Reyle（1993）以及Amsili和Le Draoulec（1996）是如何处理这一问题的。应该注意的是，这个否定断裂的术语（法语中的nération de breakout）意味着主体对没有发生在主体习惯或句子主体之外的预期事件的反应（Saussure 2000260）。我们以肯定和否定的形式给出了这个具有相同含义的例子（Jovan ne的第一次签名是政治签名——Jovan继续走政治签名的路线（尽管有警察的签名，但Jovan没有停车）。尽管肯定表达和否定形式指向相同的意义，但回答如何确定否定事件的时间话语指称是非常重要的。
{"title":"THE DENIED PREDICATE AND ITS APPEARANCE IN THE NOVEL DEAD AND ALIVE BY THE SERBIAN AUTHOR IVAN ZLATKOVIĆ","authors":"Marina Simović","doi":"10.31902/fll.36.2021.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.36.2021.14","url":null,"abstract":"This work will be about the denied predicate and its appearance in the novel Dead and Alive by the Serbian author Ivan Zlatkovic. It has been largely acknowledged in semantics that action sentences denote events, but we want to find out what happens when these sentences are denied. Precisely, we will check whether they denote only the states in that case. It is believed that a negative action phrase presents something that did not happen and that they introduce some sort of negative event. For this, we ask the question of whether it is possible that a negative sentence presents action and can denote an event. Some linguists including Kamp and Reyle (1993) believe that the negative sentences do not describe eventualities but denote facts to which a reference point in time normally cannot be assigned. Since negation often implies a pause in the action, whereby the given possibility is negated and points out the absence of it, our goal is to indicate the occurrence of a negated event by which it still can be stated the existence and happening of the certain action with its own temporal referent depending on its pragmatic environment, that is crucial for our interpretation of the given event. The objective of this article is to describe the problem of negated events and the negation of rupture. In this regard, we demonstrate how linguists Saussure (2000), Kamp and Reyle (1993), as well as Amsili and Le Draoulec (1996) approached it. It should be noted that this term negation of rupture (négation de rupture in French) implies the reaction of the subject to the absence of an expected event that takes place outside the habit of the subject or the agent of the sentence (Saussure 2000, 260). We gave the example in affirmative and negative form with the same meaning (Jovan ne s’est pas arrêté au signe du policier- Jovan a continué à sa route au dépit du signe du policier (Jovan didn’t stop his car despite the sign of the police officer). Despite the fact that the positive expression and its negated form point to the same meaning, it is very important to answer how we can determine the temporal discourse referent of negated events.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41411954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frequent personal pronoun use, mainly treated as involvement feature overuse, is a commonplace in EFL argumentative writing. This article explores whether the first and second person pronoun use in the Serbian component of ICLE v3 may have been prompted by the essay title factor. Therefore the selected essay titles were assessed according to the two criteria: the presence/absence of first and second person pronouns, and their different uses as regards personal involvement, i.e. personal (specific), or generic (non-referential) uses. The results of the analysis show that the pronoun use has been enhanced by the essay titles at least up to some extent. Moreover, student writers used the pronouns in their personal meanings more readily if such a model was offered in the essay title. The implication is that student writers should not only be advised to avoid personal pronoun use in EFL writing; they should be supported in becoming aware of the options of expressing their identity, which will lead to adapting their linguistic choices to genre requirements more successfully.
{"title":"I, YOU, AND WE IN SERBIAN EFL ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING FROM THE ESSAY TITLE PERSPECTIVE","authors":"J. Marković","doi":"10.31902/fll.36.2021.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.36.2021.16","url":null,"abstract":"Frequent personal pronoun use, mainly treated as involvement feature overuse, is a commonplace in EFL argumentative writing. This article explores whether the first and second person pronoun use in the Serbian component of ICLE v3 may have been prompted by the essay title factor. Therefore the selected essay titles were assessed according to the two criteria: the presence/absence of first and second person pronouns, and their different uses as regards personal involvement, i.e. personal (specific), or generic (non-referential) uses. The results of the analysis show that the pronoun use has been enhanced by the essay titles at least up to some extent. Moreover, student writers used the pronouns in their personal meanings more readily if such a model was offered in the essay title. The implication is that student writers should not only be advised to avoid personal pronoun use in EFL writing; they should be supported in becoming aware of the options of expressing their identity, which will lead to adapting their linguistic choices to genre requirements more successfully.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45806127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper, besides a short introduction concerning general information on themes and the structure present in the short story collection Lo cunto de li cunti overo lo trattenemiento de’ peccerille, written by the Italian Baroque author Giambattista Basile, whose masterpiece enjoyed great fame abroad much earlier than in Italy, is concerned with the analysis of fantastic and grotesque elements which generally characterise oral tradition, fairy tales and myths. The above-mentioned elements were identified in the fifty short stories which Basile wrote and included in his collection. Various sources were used in the analysis, relying on myths and fairy tales with the aim of explaining the presence of the grotesque. Besides its great literary value, this collection is also of great historical importance because, just like many other examples of oral tradition, it fosters a vast span of costumes and traditions that are typical of the Mediterranean folklore. From one tale to another, the collection slowly but surely reveals the Mediterranean identity of the people from the South of Italy and explains the function of the grotesque and its didactic purpose.
本文除简要介绍意大利巴洛克作家詹巴蒂斯塔·巴西莱的短篇小说集《Lo cunto de li cunti overo Lo trattenemiento de’peccerille》的主题和结构概况外，它关注对奇幻和怪诞元素的分析，这些元素通常是口头传统、童话和神话的特征。巴兹勒写的五十篇短篇小说中就有上述元素，并收录在他的文集中。分析中使用了各种来源，依靠神话和童话来解释怪诞的存在。除了具有巨大的文学价值外，这本书集还具有重要的历史意义，因为就像许多其他口头传统的例子一样，它培养了大量地中海民间传说中典型的服装和传统。从一个故事到另一个故事，该系列缓慢但肯定地揭示了意大利南部人民的地中海身份，并解释了怪诞的功能及其说教目的。
{"title":"THE GROTESQUE AND MYTH IN GIAMBATTISTA BASILE’S IL PENTAMERONE","authors":"Antonela Marić, Marko Dragić, Ana Plavša","doi":"10.31902/fll.36.2021.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.36.2021.9","url":null,"abstract":"This paper, besides a short introduction concerning general information on themes and the structure present in the short story collection Lo cunto de li cunti overo lo trattenemiento de’ peccerille, written by the Italian Baroque author Giambattista Basile, whose masterpiece enjoyed great fame abroad much earlier than in Italy, is concerned with the analysis of fantastic and grotesque elements which generally characterise oral tradition, fairy tales and myths. The above-mentioned elements were identified in the fifty short stories which Basile wrote and included in his collection. Various sources were used in the analysis, relying on myths and fairy tales with the aim of explaining the presence of the grotesque. Besides its great literary value, this collection is also of great historical importance because, just like many other examples of oral tradition, it fosters a vast span of costumes and traditions that are typical of the Mediterranean folklore. From one tale to another, the collection slowly but surely reveals the Mediterranean identity of the people from the South of Italy and explains the function of the grotesque and its didactic purpose.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48406926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychotypology is one of the conditions for the occurrence of crosslinguistic influences. Following empirical findings, we conducted a study to establish the presence and the effect of psychotypology on the language transfer between Italian, as a foreign language, and the local speech of Split, as a variant of learners’ L1. Two target groups with no prior knowledge of Italian were questioned: one hundred students regularly in contact with the speech of Split and another hundred with no competence and no contact with it. The two groups took the Yes/No Vocabulary test. The aim was to reveal the initial comprehension of Italian vocabulary. Through the questionnaire, we gained insight into the intuitive behaviour of both groups of participants regarding the meaning of given Italian words, distance perceived, and subjective perception of the relationship between the Italian language and the speech of Split. The results of the two groups were compared using the quantitative test data. In addition, the relationship between psychotypology and a successful test outcome was thoroughly examined, according to the qualitative data. The results demonstrated an extremely high percentage of informants in both groups being aware of similarities between the two idioms at the lexical level. The findings indicated that participants who perceived the similarities as significant performed better on the test. The analysis of results showed that the experimental group found the Italian language easily comprehensible, whereas the control group defined it as somewhat demanding. Significantly better vocabulary test results of the experimental group confirmed that participant’s attitude is essential to achieve language transfer.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF PSYCHOTYPOLOGY AND LINGUISTIC ATTITUDES TOWARDS TARGET LANGUAGE ON THE OCCURRENCE OF TRANSFER ON THE RECEPTIVE LEVEL UPON THE FIRST CONTACT OF CROATIAN SPEAKERS WITH ITALIAN AS L2","authors":"Marijana Alujević, Mira Braović Plavša","doi":"10.31902/fll.36.2021.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.36.2021.15","url":null,"abstract":"Psychotypology is one of the conditions for the occurrence of crosslinguistic influences. Following empirical findings, we conducted a study to establish the presence and the effect of psychotypology on the language transfer between Italian, as a foreign language, and the local speech of Split, as a variant of learners’ L1. Two target groups with no prior knowledge of Italian were questioned: one hundred students regularly in contact with the speech of Split and another hundred with no competence and no contact with it. The two groups took the Yes/No Vocabulary test. The aim was to reveal the initial comprehension of Italian vocabulary. Through the questionnaire, we gained insight into the intuitive behaviour of both groups of participants regarding the meaning of given Italian words, distance perceived, and subjective perception of the relationship between the Italian language and the speech of Split. The results of the two groups were compared using the quantitative test data. In addition, the relationship between psychotypology and a successful test outcome was thoroughly examined, according to the qualitative data. The results demonstrated an extremely high percentage of informants in both groups being aware of similarities between the two idioms at the lexical level. The findings indicated that participants who perceived the similarities as significant performed better on the test. The analysis of results showed that the experimental group found the Italian language easily comprehensible, whereas the control group defined it as somewhat demanding. Significantly better vocabulary test results of the experimental group confirmed that participant’s attitude is essential to achieve language transfer.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48681495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Brave New World, Aldous Huxley shows us a society in which technological advances have changed the entirety of human life on earth. The opening of the novel does not strike the reader as dystopian and certainly neither does the title. But as we go on, we find that free thinking is limited or nonexistent by the manipulation of scientific advances like hypnopedia and genetic conditioning. On one hand, Huxley paints a picture-perfect society that is at the height of civilization with genetic and scientific advances. On the other hand, he shows us the nightmarish utopia by the lack of moral values in the society. Utopia turns into dystopia when we witness the inferior role of women and the humiliation of the intellectual. In addition, the natural process of childbirth is controlled in test tubes. Furthermore, there is no place for religion, literature, and family values. Lastly, Huxley warns the readers about what technology devoid of value could do to human beings. What is more, is the effect of technology on women which is portrayed through the image of utopia turned into dystopia: a society that mandates promiscuity in the name of civic duty in addition to the removal of the female body from childbirth. Dystopian literature is by nature critical; hence, women’s inferiority along with the misuse of a gendered approach to technology highlights toxic patriarchy in the society. It shows Huxley’s warning about the destructive effect of dystopia on women.
{"title":"WOMEN IN A NIGHTMARISH UTOPIA: THE EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGY IN BRAVE NEW WORLD","authors":"S. R. Moosavinia, Anis Hosseini Pour","doi":"10.31902/fll.36.2021.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.36.2021.4","url":null,"abstract":"In Brave New World, Aldous Huxley shows us a society in which technological advances have changed the entirety of human life on earth. The opening of the novel does not strike the reader as dystopian and certainly neither does the title. But as we go on, we find that free thinking is limited or nonexistent by the manipulation of scientific advances like hypnopedia and genetic conditioning. On one hand, Huxley paints a picture-perfect society that is at the height of civilization with genetic and scientific advances. On the other hand, he shows us the nightmarish utopia by the lack of moral values in the society. Utopia turns into dystopia when we witness the inferior role of women and the humiliation of the intellectual. In addition, the natural process of childbirth is controlled in test tubes. Furthermore, there is no place for religion, literature, and family values. Lastly, Huxley warns the readers about what technology devoid of value could do to human beings. What is more, is the effect of technology on women which is portrayed through the image of utopia turned into dystopia: a society that mandates promiscuity in the name of civic duty in addition to the removal of the female body from childbirth. Dystopian literature is by nature critical; hence, women’s inferiority along with the misuse of a gendered approach to technology highlights toxic patriarchy in the society. It shows Huxley’s warning about the destructive effect of dystopia on women.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43143179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chinese postmodern literature, or post-Mao fiction, comes with disillusionment among the intellectuals and cynicism among the fictional characters. According to this line of thinking, narrative enters a theoretical discourse that leaves aside the former ideological imprint and moves within the frame of realism. As in the experience of the nineteenth century French realism, Su Tong’s and Yu Hua’s fiction describe a process of Bildungsroman that is never accomplished. A crude Darwinian weltanschauung seems to be the key to understanding.
{"title":"THE VOICE OF FRENCH REALISM IN YU HUA’S AND SU TONG’S FICTION","authors":"A. Castelli, Jiang Huiyu 蒋惠聿","doi":"10.31902/fll.36.2021.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.36.2021.7","url":null,"abstract":"Chinese postmodern literature, or post-Mao fiction, comes with disillusionment among the intellectuals and cynicism among the fictional characters. According to this line of thinking, narrative enters a theoretical discourse that leaves aside the former ideological imprint and moves within the frame of realism. As in the experience of the nineteenth century French realism, Su Tong’s and Yu Hua’s fiction describe a process of Bildungsroman that is never accomplished. A crude Darwinian weltanschauung seems to be the key to understanding.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43819395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, I hermeneutically scrutinise a 1995 award-winning masterpiece The Song of Everlasting Sorrow and investigate its homosexual motif that lacks sufficient critical analysis. The author Wang Anyi features emotional and erotic entanglements between an archetypal yet extraordinary Shanghai woman Wang Qiyao and an array of male characters. I propound that apart from the protagonist’s unceasing melancholia, as illuminated by the title, the narrative also concerns lifelong dolorousness of two female supporting characters, viz. Wu Peizhen and Jiang Lili, both of whom establish bonds with Qiyao at puberty. I postulate that analogous to schoolgirls depicted by Ailing Zhang, Peizhen and Lili demonstrate same-sex adoration of Qiyao, yet disparate from spurious, proto- or quasi-homosexuality portrayed in Zhang’s writing, their zealousness and loyalty to Qiyao are not fugacious. Moreover, Peizhen’s perpetual animation is also inextricably intertwined with acrimony triggered by her failed pursuit of heterosexual romance with Qiyao’s committed admirer, leading to Peizhen’s unremitting self-mutilation and self-banishment.
{"title":"HOMOSEXUALITY AND SELF-IMPOSED EXILE IN THE SONG OF EVERLASTING SORROW","authors":"Aiqing Wang 王艾青","doi":"10.31902/fll.36.2021.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.36.2021.1","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I hermeneutically scrutinise a 1995 award-winning masterpiece The Song of Everlasting Sorrow and investigate its homosexual motif that lacks sufficient critical analysis. The author Wang Anyi features emotional and erotic entanglements between an archetypal yet extraordinary Shanghai woman Wang Qiyao and an array of male characters. I propound that apart from the protagonist’s unceasing melancholia, as illuminated by the title, the narrative also concerns lifelong dolorousness of two female supporting characters, viz. Wu Peizhen and Jiang Lili, both of whom establish bonds with Qiyao at puberty. I postulate that analogous to schoolgirls depicted by Ailing Zhang, Peizhen and Lili demonstrate same-sex adoration of Qiyao, yet disparate from spurious, proto- or quasi-homosexuality portrayed in Zhang’s writing, their zealousness and loyalty to Qiyao are not fugacious. Moreover, Peizhen’s perpetual animation is also inextricably intertwined with acrimony triggered by her failed pursuit of heterosexual romance with Qiyao’s committed admirer, leading to Peizhen’s unremitting self-mutilation and self-banishment.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44345165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ne preobilna, ali usmjerena prema relevantnim problemima suvremene književne historiografije, bogata najvažnijim teorijama i njihovim autorima, iscrpna u donošenju najvažnije literature, knjiga Zvonka Taneskog Poetika dislokácie, ne odnosi se samo na razdoblje migracija u južnoslavenskim književnostima nakon 1989. godine, nego je svojevrsna sinteza svih važnijih pristupa modernizirane komparatistike, koja je imala svoj najraniji i najsnažniji teorijski obrat upravo u Bratislavi, u projektima Dionýza Ďurišina i njegovih kolega. Zato mislim da se autor nije mogao naći na inspirativnijem mjestu za svoju knjigu, i to se posebno ističe. Poput nas u Zagrebu te u Novom Sadu, recepcija Đurišinove teorije o međuknjiževnim zajednicama, pa i plodna suradnja s autorom, započela je još osamdesetih godina, a moguća poveznica prema Taneskom mogla je biti i skopska komparatistika s Milanom Đurčinovim, kao jednom od njegovih vjernih suradnika; u najuži krug spada i Ivan Dorovský veoma zauzeti stručnjak za makedonska pitanja i balkansku slavistiku, što također u knjizi nije zaboravljeno. Ukratko, već na prvo pogled je jasno da Zvonko Taneski vuče svoje korijene iz njihove plodne suradnje, dodajući nove i nove teorije i argumente za obranu svoje ideje o književnim slučajevima koji su najčešće izvan interesa nacionalne književne historiografije, kao i izvan zanimanja tradicionalne komparatistike.
不算太大，但专注于现代文学史的相关问题，丰富的理论和作者，在成就最重要的文学作品时疲惫不堪，坦桑尼亚诗人迪斯洛卡西的书，并不局限于1989年后南斯洛文尼亚的移民时期。年复一年，这是现代比较主义者最重要的综合，在布拉迪斯拉发、迪翁·德瓦斯汀和他的同事中有最早、最有力的理论投票。因此，我不认为作者会发现自己在这本书中处于一个更鼓舞人心的位置，事实尤其如此。Zagrebu te u Novom Sadu，recepcija Der urišinove teorije o meÇuknjiževnim zajednicama，pa i plodna suradnja的autorom，započela je jošosamdesetih godina，一个moguća poveznica prema Taneskom mogla je biti skopska kompatistika s Milanom Der určinovim，kao jednom od njegovih suradnika；在最近的圈子里，伊万·多洛夫斯基也是一位非常忙碌的马其顿和巴尔干斯拉夫专家，这在书中也没有被忘记。简言之，从第一个角度可以清楚地看出，兹沃科·塔内斯基的根源在于他们富有成果的合作，他在文学案例中加入了新的理论和论据来捍卫自己的观点，而这些理论和论据往往是出于民族文学史的兴趣，也是出于传统比较主义者的兴趣。
{"title":"ZVONKO TANESKI: POETIKA DISLOKÁCIE - KOMPARATISTICKÉ SONDY K MIGRÁCIÁM V\u0000JUŽNOSLOVANSKÝCH LITERATÚRACH PO ROKU 1989","authors":"Zvonko Kovač","doi":"10.31902/fll.36.2021.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.36.2021.20","url":null,"abstract":"Ne preobilna, ali usmjerena prema relevantnim problemima suvremene književne historiografije, bogata najvažnijim teorijama i njihovim autorima, iscrpna u donošenju najvažnije literature, knjiga Zvonka Taneskog Poetika dislokácie, ne odnosi se samo na razdoblje migracija u južnoslavenskim književnostima nakon 1989. godine, nego je svojevrsna sinteza svih važnijih pristupa modernizirane komparatistike, koja je imala svoj najraniji i najsnažniji teorijski obrat upravo u Bratislavi, u projektima Dionýza Ďurišina i njegovih kolega. Zato mislim da se autor nije mogao naći na inspirativnijem mjestu za svoju knjigu, i to se posebno ističe. Poput nas u Zagrebu te u Novom Sadu, recepcija Đurišinove teorije o međuknjiževnim zajednicama, pa i plodna suradnja s autorom, započela je još osamdesetih godina, a moguća poveznica prema Taneskom mogla je biti i skopska komparatistika s Milanom Đurčinovim, kao jednom od njegovih vjernih suradnika; u najuži krug spada i Ivan Dorovský veoma zauzeti stručnjak za makedonska pitanja i balkansku slavistiku, što također u knjizi nije zaboravljeno. Ukratko, već na prvo pogled je jasno da Zvonko Taneski vuče svoje korijene iz njihove plodne suradnje, dodajući nove i nove teorije i argumente za obranu svoje ideje o književnim slučajevima koji su najčešće izvan interesa nacionalne književne historiografije, kao i izvan zanimanja tradicionalne komparatistike.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44824999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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