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Structural analysis of lexical bundles in graduate students' research paper abstracts 研究生研究论文摘要中词束的结构分析
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.31902/fll.46.2023.8
Dragana Gak, Vesna Bogdanović, Vesna Bulatović
Lexical bundles, as a recurrent sequence of words, are an important component of both spoken and written academic corpora, used both by professional academics and student writers in order to contribute to better structural organization, efficient communication, and well-established credibility. These expressions are formulaic and highly frequent, with rather clear discourse function and communicative purpose. The most frequently used structures of lexical bundles include NP-based, VP-based, and clause-based bundles. The aim of the paper is to explore the lexical bundles on a learner corpus of 448 abstracts written by non-native English speakers in English during their Masters studies. Structural analysis is performed in order to observe which structures students prefer and utilize while writing abstracts. The corpus was subdivided into two sub-corpora, depending on whether graduate students received any formal instruction on academic writing before publishing their abstracts, to explore whether instructions influence the use of lexical bundles with novice writers. The results offer the most common structures of lexical bundles that graduate students use, as well as the analysis of the types and diversity of lexical bundles used based on whether or not students had academic writing instructions.
词组作为一连串重复出现的词语,是口语和书面学术语料的重要组成部分,专业学者和学生写作者都会使用,以促进更好的结构组织、高效的交流和良好的信誉。这些表达方式公式化,使用频率高,具有相当明确的话语功能和交际目的。最常用的词组结构包括基于 NP 的词组、基于 VP 的词组和基于分句的词组。本文的目的是在一个由 448 篇非英语母语者在攻读硕士学位期间用英语撰写的摘要组成的学习者语料库中探讨词束。本文进行了结构分析,以观察学生在撰写摘要时偏好和使用哪些结构。根据研究生在发表摘要前是否接受过正式的学术写作指导,语料库被细分为两个子语料库,以探讨指导是否会影响新手写作者对词组的使用。研究结果提供了研究生最常用的词组结构,并根据学生是否接受过学术写作指导分析了词组的类型和多样性。
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引用次数: 0
Opis glasova u gramatičkoj literaturi srpskog i bosanskog jezika 塞尔维亚语和波斯尼亚语语法文献中的语音描述
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.31902/fll.46.2023.2
Sanja Šubarić
U radu se bavimo opisom glasova u gramatičkoj literaturi srpskog i bosanskog jezika. U pitanju je dio šire analize koja je rađena kao doprinos poboljšanju gramatičkog tretmana glasova, a kojom su bile obuhvaćene i gramatike crnogorskog i hrvatskog jezika. I ovom prilikom pažnju smo usmjerili na fonetsku prirodu glasova, a konkretnim zapažanjima zalažemo se za njen sistematičniji i pouzdaniji opis i nedvosmislena artikulaciono-akustička određenja; uopšteno, sugerišemo terminološku preciznost, klasifikacionu principijelnost i metodološku dosljednost. Izvjesno je da stavovi lingvista u vezi sa razgraničenjem fonetike i fonologije ni u ovom vijeku nisu usaglašeni, pa u tom smislu ne opravdavamo formalno favorizovanje fonologije unutar opisa glasova – kao artikulaciono-akustičkih segmenata govora i kao distinktivnih jedinica jezičkog sistema. Tim prije jer određeni opisi definicijama predočavaju teorijsku razgraničenost konkretnih disciplina i istovremeno joj oponiraju podvodeći svojim sadržajem u domen fonologije i one segmente koji su definisani kao predmet fonetike (klasifikacije glasova prema načinu i mjestu tvorbe).
这套丛书涉及塞尔维亚语和波斯尼亚语语法文献中对声音的描述。该丛书对塞尔维亚语和波斯尼亚语语法文献中的语音进行了分析。我们将在此基础上对玻璃的未来发展进行深入研究,并对玻璃的系统和结构以及玻璃的艺术价值进行分析;此外,我们还将对玻璃的术语、原则和方法进行深入研究。从语言学和文字学的角度来看,我们可以从形式上支持文字学,而不是从艺术和科学的角度来支持文字学。在语音学领域,我们对语音学的定义是语音学的一个重要组成部分(语音学的概念和定义)。
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引用次数: 0
Jezik i pandemija koronavirusa: neologizmi u italijanskom jeziku štampe 语言与冠状病毒大流行:意大利语中的新名词
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.31902/fll.46.2023.5
Jelena Puhar, Marija Mitrović
Pandemija kovida 19, proglašena od strane Svetske zdravstvene organizacije 11. marta 2020. godine, uslovila je promene u različitim aspektima svakodnevnog života. U ovome radu bavili smo se jezičkim promenama u italijanskom jeziku koje su se manifestovale stvaranjem novih reči, poprimanjem novih značenja već postojećih reči i pozajmljivanjem stranih reči. Cilj nam je bio da predstavimo i istražimo italijanske neologizme povezane sa pandemijom novog koronavirusa prikupljane u periodu između marta 2020. godine i februara 2022. godine iz članaka italijanskih štampanih i onlajn dnevnih novina Corriere della Sera i La Repubblica. Sprovedeno istraživanje je pokazalo da su leksički neologizmi znatno brojniji od semantičkih neologizama, kao i da je najzastupljenije tvorbeno gnezdo obrazovano oko pozajmljenice covid.
世界卫生组织于 2020 年 3 月 11 日宣布的 "金属 19 大流行病 "给日常生活的各个方面带来了变化。U ovome radu bavili smo se jezičkim promenama u italijanskom jazyka koje su se manifestovale creatanjem nové reči, poprimanjem nové značenja već postojećih reči i pozajmljivanjem stranih reči。我们的目的是从意大利《晚邮报》(Corriere della Sera)和《共和国报》(La Repubblica)上的文章中,介绍和说明 2020 年 3 月至 2022 年 2 月期间购买的与新型冠状病毒大流行有关的意大利语新词。Sprovedeno istraživanje je pokazalo da su leksički neologizmi znatno brojniji od semantičkih neologizama, kao i da je najzastupljenije tvorbeno nestzdo obrazovano oko pozajmljenice covid.
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引用次数: 0
HIGHER EDUCATION DISCOURSE: CHANGES IN THE USE OF VERBAL AND VISUALDEVICES IN CROATIAN UNIVERSITY SELF-PRESENTATION 高等教育话语:克罗地亚大学自我展示中言语和视觉手段使用的变化
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.31902/fll.44.2023.3
Daniela Matić
In this paper, we wanted to establish whether the higher education discourse in Croatia has shifted from the practice of self-presenting and foregrounding the quality of universities and positioning them within society, to new discursive practices with language devices used in marketing or advertising industries targeted at prospective students, with a view of persuading them to buy a certain service. As stated in Osman, the role of a university used to be educating and forming knowledgeable people and thinkers who would help change the world. However, this role started to change towards the end of the 20th century, especially in Western countries, as their governments gradually reduced financing for public universities, which forced these institutions to find other sources of income. Therefore, a different approach toward prospective students was required. This research and its results have demonstrated that, over the years, the University of Split has changed not only the mode of presenting information but also the mode of self-promotion in order to shape its public role and to attract students and, in so doing, increase its financial means. Its academic merits, its roles in setting scientific or artistic standards, or in providing a critique of social, economic or political processes were disregarded or ignored, in favour of a new identity as a service provider packaging education with new life experiences. At both levels, the verbal and the visual, the University was no longer represented as an academic institution which controlled processes and people. The results also showed that it had turned to a more pronounced use of a promotional discourse and the discursive practice of marketing, while simultaneously reducing the informativeness of its prospectuses. However, we cannot say that the University in question was engaged in serious marketization, especially when we compare our study with the results obtained by other researchers, who have elaborated on various significant promotional discursive practices at the universities they studied, some of which even function as enterprises. However, the trend is noticeable. Fairclough’s claim that discourse and society are inextricably intertwined is here confirmed, as social change has been reflected in the semiotic representations of academic institutions. These discourse shifts, which are interdiscursive examples of promotional activities, could impact on the professional role of universities in society and mark the beginning of a more extensive higher education marketization and consequently, of the use of market-oriented discursive practices.
在这篇论文中,我们想确定克罗地亚的高等教育话语是否已经从自我展示和突出大学质量并在社会中定位的实践,转变为在营销或广告行业中针对未来学生使用语言手段的新话语实践,以期说服他们购买某种服务。正如奥斯曼所说,大学的作用曾经是教育和培养知识渊博的人和思想家,帮助改变世界。然而,这种角色在20世纪末开始发生变化,尤其是在西方国家,因为它们的政府逐渐减少了对公立大学的资助,这迫使这些机构寻找其他收入来源。因此,需要对未来的学生采取不同的方法。这项研究及其结果表明,多年来,斯普利特大学不仅改变了提供信息的模式,还改变了自我宣传的模式,以塑造其公众角色,吸引学生,并以此增加其财政手段。它的学术价值、在制定科学或艺术标准方面的作用,或在对社会、经济或政治进程进行批判方面的作用都被忽视或忽视了,取而代之的是作为一个服务提供者的新身份,将教育与新的生活体验相结合。在语言和视觉两个层面上,大学不再是一个控制过程和人员的学术机构。研究结果还表明,它已经转向更明显地使用促销话语和市场营销的话语实践,同时降低了招股说明书的信息性。然而,我们不能说这所大学参与了严重的市场化,尤其是当我们将我们的研究与其他研究人员获得的结果进行比较时,他们详细阐述了他们研究的大学的各种重要的促进性话语实践,其中一些大学甚至起到了企业的作用。然而,这一趋势是显而易见的。费尔克劳夫关于话语和社会密不可分的说法在这里得到了证实,因为社会变革已经反映在学术机构的符号学表征中。这些话语转变是促进活动的交叉例子,可能会影响大学在社会中的专业角色,并标志着更广泛的高等教育市场化的开始,从而标志着市场化话语实践的使用。
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引用次数: 0
NIETZSCHE’S AMOR FATI IN DAVID FOSTER WALLACE’S INFINITE JEST
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.31902/fll.44.2023.7
Narjess Jafari Langroudi
This paper aims to show the blasé characters of Wallace’s Infinite Jest exposed to the postmodern zeitgeist who fear and hate fate for its dominance, as is depicted in his works. The indifference, apathy, skepticism and equivocation which circumscribed Wallace’s characters in Infinite Jest show their escapist analysis of the quirks of fate. This study tries to find out whether Wallace’s characters affirmatively embrace the power of fate or negatively deny it. After a close reading of Wallace’s Infinite Jest, the researcher highlights that Nietzsche’s concept of amor fati is absent for Wallace’s characters because, fallaciously, they were either trying to ignore it or demystify it. Wallace characters’ means of coping with fate metamorphoses them into apathetic beings that are finally in a constant quarrel with themselves. Both their escape from fate and their craving for its demystification culminate in their drowning in life and its pleasures, and then it becomes clear they can no longer enjoy anything and they become afflicted with anhedonia. Wallace’s characters cannot know why their lives are worth living, so they fall into deadly living. It argues that fate entangles human freedom and human extrication from their carnal desires becomes a big delusion in the infinite jest of their lives. The immanent fight with fate will make life’s jest very serious. And when life is taken too seriously, its jest will intensively make a mockery of humans.
本文旨在展示华莱士笔下的《无尽的小丑》中暴露在后现代时代精神中的冷漠人物,他们对命运的统治地位感到恐惧和憎恨,正如他的作品中所描绘的那样。华莱士在《无尽的玩笑》中的角色所表现出的冷漠、冷漠、怀疑和模棱两可,显示了他们对命运怪癖的逃避现实的分析。这项研究试图找出华莱士笔下的人物是肯定地接受命运的力量,还是消极地否认命运的力量。在仔细阅读了华莱士的《无限的玩笑》后,研究人员强调,尼采的非道德法提概念在华莱士笔下没有出现,因为他们要么试图忽视它,要么试图揭开它的神秘面纱。华莱士笔下人物应对命运的方式使他们变成了冷漠的人,最终与自己不断争吵。他们逃离命运,渴望揭开命运的神秘面纱,最终淹没在生活和快乐中,然后很明显,他们再也享受不到任何东西了,他们患上了快感缺乏症。华莱士笔下的角色不知道为什么他们的生命值得活下去,所以他们陷入了致命的生活。它认为,命运纠缠着人类的自由,人类从肉欲中解脱出来成为他们生活中无限玩笑中的一大妄想。与命运的内在斗争会使人生的玩笑变得很严肃。当人们把生命看得过于严肃时,它的玩笑会强烈地嘲弄人类。
{"title":"NIETZSCHE’S AMOR FATI IN DAVID FOSTER WALLACE’S INFINITE JEST","authors":"Narjess Jafari Langroudi","doi":"10.31902/fll.44.2023.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.44.2023.7","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to show the blasé characters of Wallace’s Infinite Jest exposed to the postmodern zeitgeist who fear and hate fate for its dominance, as is depicted in his works. The indifference, apathy, skepticism and equivocation which circumscribed Wallace’s characters in Infinite Jest show their escapist analysis of the quirks of fate. This study tries to find out whether Wallace’s characters affirmatively embrace the power of fate or negatively deny it. After a close reading of Wallace’s Infinite Jest, the researcher highlights that Nietzsche’s concept of amor fati is absent for Wallace’s characters because, fallaciously, they were either trying to ignore it or demystify it. Wallace characters’ means of coping with fate metamorphoses them into apathetic beings that are finally in a constant quarrel with themselves. Both their escape from fate and their craving for its demystification culminate in their drowning in life and its pleasures, and then it becomes clear they can no longer enjoy anything and they become afflicted with anhedonia. Wallace’s characters cannot know why their lives are worth living, so they fall into deadly living. It argues that fate entangles human freedom and human extrication from their carnal desires becomes a big delusion in the infinite jest of their lives. The immanent fight with fate will make life’s jest very serious. And when life is taken too seriously, its jest will intensively make a mockery of humans.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42915127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
POST-APOCALYPTIC IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION IN AYN RAND’S ANTHEM WITH REFERENCE TO CULTURE/NATURE DUALITY 从文化/自然二元性看阿伦·兰德国歌中的后启示身份建构
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.31902/fll.44.2023.8
Younes Poorghorban, Bakhtiar Sadjad
The present article endeavors to explicate the process of identity construction in Ayn Rand's post-apocalyptic dystopian novel, Anthem. The utilisation of language and the dissemination of symbolic meanings are significant factors that contribute to the formation of identity, which enchains individuals, transforming them into obedient subjects. Fiske's perspective on identity construction elucidates the interplay between power and resistance, which appears to be absent in this post-apocalyptic work. The imperialising power is predominantly responsible for the mechanism of identity formation in the subjectivity of the characters, as there is no discernible systematic resistance to the dominant representations of power throughout the novel. Despite the absence of the duality of power and resistance, the duality of nature and culture is at play, significantly impacting the way identity is constructed. The imperialising power aims to eradicate or limit representations of nature, as the semantic burden that nature carries poses a threat to its existence. We aim to clarify how the imperialising power responds to the representations and meanings that nature embodies. Lastly, we posit that the imperialising power's reaction towards nature is stronger in post-apocalyptic contexts, where representations of nature are highly restricted, confined only to the "Uncharted Forest."
本文试图阐释安的后启示录反乌托邦小说《圣歌》中身份建构的过程。语言的使用和象征意义的传播是有助于身份形成的重要因素,身份形成了个人,将他们转变为顺从的主体。菲斯克对身份建构的视角阐释了权力和抵抗之间的相互作用,而这在这部后启示录作品中似乎是不存在的。统治性的权力是人物主体性身份形成机制的主要原因,因为在整个小说中,对权力的主导表现没有明显的系统性抵制。尽管没有权力和抵抗的双重性,但自然和文化的双重性仍在发挥作用,对身份认同的构建方式产生了重大影响。统治力量旨在根除或限制对自然的表征,因为自然所承担的语义负担对其存在构成威胁。我们的目的是阐明统治力量如何回应自然所体现的表征和意义。最后,我们假设,在后世界末日的背景下,统治力量对自然的反应更强烈,在这种背景下,对自然的表现受到高度限制,仅限于“神秘森林”
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引用次数: 0
A LEVINASIAN READING OF SHAKESPEARE’S THE WINTER’S TALE AND SARAH KANE’S PHAEDRA’S LOVE 莎士比亚的《冬天的故事》和莎拉·凯恩的《菲德拉之恋》的列文式阅读
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.31902/fll.44.2023.13
A. Aghaei, Bahee Hadaegh
This research aims to compare Shakespeare’s The Winter’s Tale (1623) with Kane’s Phaedra’s Love (1996) from the viewpoint of Levinas and his ideas on the relationship between being and the Other expressed in his pivotal work Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence (1978). The central events of the two plays are analyzed based on the text to flesh out the similarities and differences the two playwrights have with regard to their treatment of the approach of the Other. Of the highest importance in the analysis is how the characters of the plays deal with responsibility for the Other, and also how they react to the wonder of facing the Other. It is concluded that, in Shakespeare’s play, the characters mostly do not carry out their ethical responsibility, and those who do are not treated well; as the play progresses, however, they start to take responsibility for one another which leads to a mostly happy ending. In Kane’s play, by contrast, there is no happy ending because the vast majority of characters do not realize their responsibility, and thus, their wonder at facing the Other turns extremely violent. Additionally, even those characters that come to terms with their responsibility undergo the same gruesome fate as those who do not embody ethical responsibility.
本研究旨在从列维纳斯的观点出发,比较莎士比亚的《冬天的故事》(1623)与凯恩的《费德拉之恋》(1996),以及列维纳斯在其核心著作《存在之外或超越本质》(1978)中所表达的存在与他者关系的观点。以文本为基础,对两部戏剧的中心事件进行分析,以充实两位剧作家在处理他者方法方面的异同。在分析中,最重要的是戏剧人物如何处理对他者的责任,以及他们如何对面对他者的奇迹作出反应。结论是,在莎士比亚的戏剧中,人物大多没有履行他们的道德责任,而那些履行道德责任的人也没有得到善待;然而,随着剧情的发展,他们开始为彼此承担责任,这导致了一个圆满的结局。相比之下,在凯恩的戏剧中,没有一个快乐的结局,因为绝大多数角色没有意识到他们的责任,因此,他们面对他者的惊奇变得极端暴力。此外,即使是那些勇于承担责任的角色,也会和那些不承担道德责任的角色遭遇同样可怕的命运。
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引用次数: 0
SOME LINGUISTIC AND STYLISTIC PROPERTIES OF THE KING JAMES BIBLE 钦定本圣经的一些语言和文体特征
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.31902/fll.44.2023.1
S. Gasparyan
Investigations of biblical texts have always been the topic of heated discussion among theologians and linguists, as well as representatives of other scientific disciplines. Over the years, the biblical stories and testimonies have been persistently challenged by different scholars, with a particular emphasis on the language of the Bible. In this paper, we dwell upon the events preceding the emergence of the King James Version and the immense authority that the KJV gained both in the churches of England and among the common people of the British Isles. As this translation of the Bible was authorised by King James, it is often referred to as the Authorised Version, and has become the Official Bible of England. Many people still believe that the KJV is The Bible, since according to them, its creation was inspired by God himself. Hence it becomes essential to reveal the factors which contribute to the supremacy of its language and majesty of style.
对圣经文本的研究一直是神学家和语言学家以及其他科学学科的代表们热烈讨论的话题。多年来,圣经的故事和见证一直受到不同学者的质疑,尤其是圣经的语言。在这篇论文中,我们详述了国王詹姆斯版本出现之前的事件,以及钦定本在英格兰教会和不列颠群岛普通民众中获得的巨大权威。由于这个圣经的翻译是由詹姆斯国王授权的,它通常被称为授权版本,并已成为英国的官方圣经。许多人仍然相信钦定本就是《圣经》,因为根据他们的说法,它的创作是上帝亲自授意的。因此,有必要揭示促成其语言的至高无上和风格的威严的因素。
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引用次数: 1
FROM TRADITIONAL LANGUAGE LEARNING TO LANGUAGE LEARNING ON MOBILE APPS 从传统语言学习到手机应用程序语言学习
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.31902/fll.44.2023.4
Neva Čebron, Lara Sorgo
The pervasive presence of ICT (information and communication technology) in everydaylife and the appeal these technologies have for our students, forces teachers of foreignlanguages to consider how language teaching might be adapted to include these new tools in teaching practice. During the various stages of the Covid pandemic, the surge inthe development of ICT supported language-learning devices, especially language learning mobile apps, and a wealth of research focusing on the exploration of the newmeans of eLearning, indicate new options for the delivery and acquisition of foreignlanguages as a life-long learning practice, which the LanGuide project seeks to exploitand advance.The paper reports on a survey carried out among respondents (students, academic andadministrative staff) at 6 institutions of higher education in Slovenia, Romania, Croatia,Spain and Sweden. The purpose of the research was to examine the views, practices and attitudes of the respondents with regard to using ICT for foreign language acquisition, in order to help the international partnership to establish clear goals and objectives for developing learning materials in the languages of the partnership of the LanGuide project (KA2-HE/19), co-funded by the European Commission. Mobile language learning has altered the approach to language acquisition and our respondents proved well aware of the options available to them. The mobility, portability, and ubiquity of mobile apps seem to motivate them to make plans for more language learning. This manner of language acquisition, one that provides a sense of freedom and self-management, seems to suit and motivate self-learners. However, in the future, particular attention should be devoted to the further investigation of learning strategies and learning styles compatible with the use of mobile technology. Such knowledge could have a crucial impact on both language instructors and learners of foreign languages, as well as help materials writers and software developers. We can conclude that mobile language learning has changed the approach to language acquisition, while a number of issues still need to be addressed and analysed in order to provide a meaningful, productive user experience on language learning apps.
ICT(信息和通信技术)在日常生活中的普遍存在以及这些技术对我们学生的吸引力,迫使外语教师考虑如何在教学实践中适应这些新工具。在新冠肺炎大流行的各个阶段,ICT支持的语言学习设备(特别是语言学习移动应用程序)的开发激增,以及以探索电子学习新手段为重点的大量研究表明,作为一种终身学习实践,外语教学和习得有了新的选择,这是LanGuide项目寻求开发和推进的。该论文报告了在斯洛文尼亚、罗马尼亚、克罗地亚、西班牙和瑞典的6所高等教育机构的受访者(学生、学术和行政人员)中进行的一项调查。这项研究的目的是检查受访者对使用信息和通信技术进行外语习得的看法、做法和态度,以帮助国际伙伴关系建立明确的目标和目的,以开发由欧洲委员会共同资助的LanGuide项目(KA2-HE/19)伙伴关系的语言学习材料。移动语言学习已经改变了语言习得的方法,我们的受访者证明了他们对可用的选择非常清楚。移动应用程序的移动性、便携性和普遍性似乎促使他们制定更多的语言学习计划。这种语言习得的方式提供了一种自由和自我管理的感觉,似乎适合并激励自学的人。然而,在未来,应该特别关注与移动技术的使用相适应的学习策略和学习风格的进一步研究。这些知识对语言教师和外语学习者都有至关重要的影响,也可以帮助材料作者和软件开发人员。我们可以得出结论,移动语言学习已经改变了语言习得的方法,但为了在语言学习应用程序上提供有意义的、富有成效的用户体验,仍有许多问题需要解决和分析。
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引用次数: 0
ERROR ANALYSIS BY USING THE PREPOSITIVE COMPLEMENT – A STUDY WITH ALBANIAN-SPEAKING GERMAN LEARNERS IN NORTH MACEDONIA 前置补语的错误分析——对北马其顿阿尔巴尼亚语德语学习者的研究
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.31902/fll.44.2023.6
Arijeta Ibishi, Gëzim Xhaferri, Biljana Ivanovska
The goal of this paper is the contrastive analysis of the prepositions and prepositional supplements of the German and Albanian language. This paper also analyzes and assesses the difficulties of learning a foreign language and the causes of the error frequency in the Albanian native speakers learning German as a foreign language concerning the prepositions and prepositional supplements. It further provides an overview of the problems during the usage of prepositions required by verbs, adjectives and nouns by Albanian learners of the German language. Additionally, there will be an evaluation of the error analysis and the presentation of some methods which provide an easier way to learn the correct usage of the prepositional objects. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to investigate the reasons for the errors, so they can be avoided in the future. It often happens that foreign language learners unconsciously use a construction from another language when they are in a stressful situation, in which they have not yet mastered this construction in German or they cannot think of the correct form at the moment. However, this does not mean that the construction is necessarily taken from their mother tongue (in our case Albanian). It also happens that learners automatically fall back on another foreign language that they speak better than German. This also applies to the prepositions in prepositional supplements. It often happens that learners use the preposition ‘von’ in German instead the English counterpart ‘from’ or the English preposition ‘to’ instead the German ‘zu’. In their native language, the learners use the correct prepositions because these have already been automated since childhood through extensive influence on the language. In the foreign language, the prepositions still have to be become automatic, although it is quite understandable that the learners unconsciously transfer the prepositions from Albanian or from another foreign language into German. In summary, it takes a lot of patience and practice to master the governed prepositions in prepositional supplements. Further research in the field of the methodology of prepositional objects is urgently needed. There are not enough methodological techniques to make it easier to master the required prepositions.
本文的目的是对比分析德语和阿尔巴尼亚语的介词和介词补语。本文还从介词和介词补语两个方面分析和评价了阿尔巴尼亚语母语者学习德语的困难和错误频率的原因。它进一步概述了阿尔巴尼亚德语学习者在使用动词、形容词和名词所需介词时遇到的问题。此外,还将对错误分析进行评估,并介绍一些方法,这些方法为学习介词宾语的正确用法提供了更容易的方法。为了实现这一目标,有必要调查错误的原因,以便在未来避免这些错误。经常发生的情况是,外语学习者在紧张的情况下,不自觉地使用另一种语言的结构,在这种情况下,他们还没有掌握德语的这种结构,或者他们现在想不出正确的形式。然而,这并不意味着结构一定取自他们的母语(在我们的例子中是阿尔巴尼亚语)。也有一种情况是,学习者会自动放弃另一种他们说得比德语好的外语。这也适用于介词补语中的介词。通常情况下,学习者在德语中使用介词“von”代替英语对应词“from”或英语介词“to”代替德语“zu”。在母语中,学习者使用正确的介词,因为这些介词从小就已经通过对语言的广泛影响而被自动化了。在外语中,介词仍然必须是自动的,尽管学习者不自觉地将介词从阿尔巴尼亚语或另一种外语转移到德语中是可以理解的。总之,掌握介词补语中受支配的介词需要大量的耐心和实践。介词宾语的方法论研究亟待深入。没有足够的方法学技巧来更容易掌握所需的介词。
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