Pub Date : 1997-11-09DOI: 10.1109/IECON.1997.672010
Gi-Taek Kim, T. Lipo
Three-phase to three-phase VSI-PWM rectifier and inverter systems with eight switches have many advantages: capability of unity or even leading power factor; sinusoidal input current waveforms; bidirectional power flow etc. This paper derives a mathematical model of the DC link voltage control for such a system. The transient model for overall and difference voltages of split capacitor DC link is developed, and typical simulated and experimental results for dynamic responses are presented to illustrate important performance characteristics to verify the developed model.
{"title":"DC link voltage control of reduced switch VSI-PWM rectifier/inverter system","authors":"Gi-Taek Kim, T. Lipo","doi":"10.1109/IECON.1997.672010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.1997.672010","url":null,"abstract":"Three-phase to three-phase VSI-PWM rectifier and inverter systems with eight switches have many advantages: capability of unity or even leading power factor; sinusoidal input current waveforms; bidirectional power flow etc. This paper derives a mathematical model of the DC link voltage control for such a system. The transient model for overall and difference voltages of split capacitor DC link is developed, and typical simulated and experimental results for dynamic responses are presented to illustrate important performance characteristics to verify the developed model.","PeriodicalId":404447,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IECON'97 23rd International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation (Cat. No.97CH36066)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123396493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-11-09DOI: 10.1109/IECON.1997.668434
R. Spyker, R. Nelms
As an emerging technology in the area of energy storage, the double layer capacitor is a promising device for certain niche applications. The double layer capacitor is a low voltage device exhibiting an extremely high capacitance value in comparison with other capacitor technologies of a similar physical size. Capacitors with values in excess of 1500 F are now available. The maximum voltage allowable on these devices is 3 V, limited by the dissociation of the organic electrolyte. This high capacitance derives from the high surface of activated carbon electrodes, and the high capacitance per unit area observed at the chemical double layer. This paper serves as a summarization of experiments and the characterization of currently available double layer capacitor technologies. Capacitors from 10 F to 1500 F were examined, both aqueous and organic electrolyte technologies were utilized, and a range of commercially available devices were selected for study.
{"title":"Evaluation of double layer capacitor technologies for high power and high energy storage applications","authors":"R. Spyker, R. Nelms","doi":"10.1109/IECON.1997.668434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.1997.668434","url":null,"abstract":"As an emerging technology in the area of energy storage, the double layer capacitor is a promising device for certain niche applications. The double layer capacitor is a low voltage device exhibiting an extremely high capacitance value in comparison with other capacitor technologies of a similar physical size. Capacitors with values in excess of 1500 F are now available. The maximum voltage allowable on these devices is 3 V, limited by the dissociation of the organic electrolyte. This high capacitance derives from the high surface of activated carbon electrodes, and the high capacitance per unit area observed at the chemical double layer. This paper serves as a summarization of experiments and the characterization of currently available double layer capacitor technologies. Capacitors from 10 F to 1500 F were examined, both aqueous and organic electrolyte technologies were utilized, and a range of commercially available devices were selected for study.","PeriodicalId":404447,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IECON'97 23rd International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation (Cat. No.97CH36066)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128369177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-11-09DOI: 10.1109/IECON.1997.671797
Carlo Cecati, N. Rotondale
The energy-based approach, also known as "passivity based", is becoming a popular nonlinear control method allowing precise and stable control of the induction motor and more in general of AC motors. Its main features are: simple formulation; the actual possibility of the use of inexpensive microprocessors for its implementation; its global stability in the whole operating range including zero speed region; satisfactory tracking capabilities of position, speed, torque and flux; and high robustness in case of parameter variations. This paper, after a short theoretical background presents and discusses several experimental results.
{"title":"High performance AC drives using passivity based controllers","authors":"Carlo Cecati, N. Rotondale","doi":"10.1109/IECON.1997.671797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.1997.671797","url":null,"abstract":"The energy-based approach, also known as \"passivity based\", is becoming a popular nonlinear control method allowing precise and stable control of the induction motor and more in general of AC motors. Its main features are: simple formulation; the actual possibility of the use of inexpensive microprocessors for its implementation; its global stability in the whole operating range including zero speed region; satisfactory tracking capabilities of position, speed, torque and flux; and high robustness in case of parameter variations. This paper, after a short theoretical background presents and discusses several experimental results.","PeriodicalId":404447,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IECON'97 23rd International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation (Cat. No.97CH36066)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131226128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-11-09DOI: 10.1109/IECON.1997.671996
G. Scheible, H. Solmecke, D. Hackstein
In optimized photovoltaic-supplied hydrogen production systems, quite different levels of DC-voltages have to be linked via DC-DC power converters. For coupling of photovoltaics and electrolysis, a new step down DC-DC power converter has been developed, which uses an IGBT and an autotransformer together with a high frequency, zero-voltage switching concept to reduce losses. The concept allows conventional PWM control, high utilization of components and low components count. Through the soft switching concept, which uses the autotransformers leakage inductance, electromagnetic interferences are low. The circulating reactive energy is low, as well as the rating of the auxiliary switch. For fuel cell operation, a new step-up power converter has been developed, which also uses an autotransformer but operates (due to the low input voltage) with a MOSFET and a regenerative voltage clamp. This power converter is now operating in the solar hydrogen plant in the Research Center Julich (Germany). Circuit analysis and measurement results of both power converters are presented. Efficiencies reach very high values of more than 94%.
{"title":"Low cost soft switching DC-DC converter with autotransformer for photovoltaic hydrogen systems","authors":"G. Scheible, H. Solmecke, D. Hackstein","doi":"10.1109/IECON.1997.671996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.1997.671996","url":null,"abstract":"In optimized photovoltaic-supplied hydrogen production systems, quite different levels of DC-voltages have to be linked via DC-DC power converters. For coupling of photovoltaics and electrolysis, a new step down DC-DC power converter has been developed, which uses an IGBT and an autotransformer together with a high frequency, zero-voltage switching concept to reduce losses. The concept allows conventional PWM control, high utilization of components and low components count. Through the soft switching concept, which uses the autotransformers leakage inductance, electromagnetic interferences are low. The circulating reactive energy is low, as well as the rating of the auxiliary switch. For fuel cell operation, a new step-up power converter has been developed, which also uses an autotransformer but operates (due to the low input voltage) with a MOSFET and a regenerative voltage clamp. This power converter is now operating in the solar hydrogen plant in the Research Center Julich (Germany). Circuit analysis and measurement results of both power converters are presented. Efficiencies reach very high values of more than 94%.","PeriodicalId":404447,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IECON'97 23rd International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation (Cat. No.97CH36066)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130059167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-11-09DOI: 10.1109/IECON.1997.671919
L. Egiziano, N. Femia, G. Spagnuolo
The computer program PEGS (power electronic circuits simulator) presented in this paper is oriented to the transient time-domain analysis of the power stage of switching converters. PECS performs the analysis of switched RLC networks of any complexity, ensuring reliability, rapidity and flexibility. PECS is circuit-independent and does not require prior knowledge about the mode of operation of the circuit. PECS adopts innovative methods to solve the major problems connected to the time-domain simulation of switching converters: the formulation of circuit equations; the calculation of switching instants; and the determination of switches' configuration after forced commutations. PECS is best suited for quick preliminary circuit analysis during converters design. A survey of PECS characteristics is followed in the paper by several examples of switching converters simulation.
{"title":"PECS: a power electronic circuits-oriented simulator","authors":"L. Egiziano, N. Femia, G. Spagnuolo","doi":"10.1109/IECON.1997.671919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.1997.671919","url":null,"abstract":"The computer program PEGS (power electronic circuits simulator) presented in this paper is oriented to the transient time-domain analysis of the power stage of switching converters. PECS performs the analysis of switched RLC networks of any complexity, ensuring reliability, rapidity and flexibility. PECS is circuit-independent and does not require prior knowledge about the mode of operation of the circuit. PECS adopts innovative methods to solve the major problems connected to the time-domain simulation of switching converters: the formulation of circuit equations; the calculation of switching instants; and the determination of switches' configuration after forced commutations. PECS is best suited for quick preliminary circuit analysis during converters design. A survey of PECS characteristics is followed in the paper by several examples of switching converters simulation.","PeriodicalId":404447,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IECON'97 23rd International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation (Cat. No.97CH36066)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131142696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-11-09DOI: 10.1109/IECON.1997.668513
K. Nishibori, S. Kondo, H. Obata, S. Okuma
A Langevin-type ultrasonic vibrator works as an ultrasonic motor when it is pressed slant wise against the surface of an object. This paper describes a robot hand with three fingers that each works as an ultrasonic motor. This robot hand can simultaneously grasp a cylindrical body and rotate the body about its axis. The authors propose a PWM (pulse width modulation) method for controlling the speed of ultrasonic motors by changing the duty ratio of the voltage applied to the motors. The vibration of the ultrasonic motor and the driving characteristics of a robot hand were examined experimentally. It was confirmed that the vibration speed of the tip of the ultrasonic motor wets approximately proportional to the duty ratio of the applied voltage. The velocity of the motor increases with an increase in duty ratio, except for the offset region. The torque characteristic curves approach the point of origin, moving parallel as the duty ratio decreases.
{"title":"PWM driving characteristics of robot hand with fingers using vibration-type ultrasonic motors","authors":"K. Nishibori, S. Kondo, H. Obata, S. Okuma","doi":"10.1109/IECON.1997.668513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.1997.668513","url":null,"abstract":"A Langevin-type ultrasonic vibrator works as an ultrasonic motor when it is pressed slant wise against the surface of an object. This paper describes a robot hand with three fingers that each works as an ultrasonic motor. This robot hand can simultaneously grasp a cylindrical body and rotate the body about its axis. The authors propose a PWM (pulse width modulation) method for controlling the speed of ultrasonic motors by changing the duty ratio of the voltage applied to the motors. The vibration of the ultrasonic motor and the driving characteristics of a robot hand were examined experimentally. It was confirmed that the vibration speed of the tip of the ultrasonic motor wets approximately proportional to the duty ratio of the applied voltage. The velocity of the motor increases with an increase in duty ratio, except for the offset region. The torque characteristic curves approach the point of origin, moving parallel as the duty ratio decreases.","PeriodicalId":404447,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IECON'97 23rd International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation (Cat. No.97CH36066)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128844127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-11-09DOI: 10.1109/IECON.1997.668457
B. Maaref, S. Nasri
The performance and the architecture of the network that interconnects the diverse functions of computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) are of much importance. Indeed, the majority of these functions have critical-time constraints that must be considered when designing this network. In this paper, an architecture based on the OSI reference model is presented with elements of services and protocols which match the requirements for these constraints. The authors discuss the implementation of their architecture and evaluate the performance of this implementation. Finally, they compare the performance improvement with the existing implementation.
{"title":"ATM for real-time manufacturing system architectures","authors":"B. Maaref, S. Nasri","doi":"10.1109/IECON.1997.668457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.1997.668457","url":null,"abstract":"The performance and the architecture of the network that interconnects the diverse functions of computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) are of much importance. Indeed, the majority of these functions have critical-time constraints that must be considered when designing this network. In this paper, an architecture based on the OSI reference model is presented with elements of services and protocols which match the requirements for these constraints. The authors discuss the implementation of their architecture and evaluate the performance of this implementation. Finally, they compare the performance improvement with the existing implementation.","PeriodicalId":404447,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IECON'97 23rd International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation (Cat. No.97CH36066)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124894709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-11-09DOI: 10.1109/IECON.1997.664910
A. Weaver
This tutorial shows you how to unlock the hidden resources of the Internet and the World Wide Web. After a description of its history, we demystify the Internet's terminology and procedures by exploring electronic mail, addressing, mail lists, news groups, and the World Wide Web. We illustrate Web use in two domains, personal and professional. In the personal domain we show a number of useful, time-saving resources for: travel and leisure, investments and finance; personal shopping; medicine; real estate; museums; weather; games; and finding, retrieving, and managing information on any topic whatsoever. In the professional domain we show how to access Web resources in such areas as elementary, secondary, and university-level education; computers; legal advice; libraries; news and current events; science and engineering; telecommunications, teleconferencing, telemedicine, and telecommuting. We close with a review of the "hot topics" of 1997: privacy and security, electronic payment systems, and low-cost and high speed Internet access.
{"title":"The Internet and the World Wide Web","authors":"A. Weaver","doi":"10.1109/IECON.1997.664910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.1997.664910","url":null,"abstract":"This tutorial shows you how to unlock the hidden resources of the Internet and the World Wide Web. After a description of its history, we demystify the Internet's terminology and procedures by exploring electronic mail, addressing, mail lists, news groups, and the World Wide Web. We illustrate Web use in two domains, personal and professional. In the personal domain we show a number of useful, time-saving resources for: travel and leisure, investments and finance; personal shopping; medicine; real estate; museums; weather; games; and finding, retrieving, and managing information on any topic whatsoever. In the professional domain we show how to access Web resources in such areas as elementary, secondary, and university-level education; computers; legal advice; libraries; news and current events; science and engineering; telecommunications, teleconferencing, telemedicine, and telecommuting. We close with a review of the \"hot topics\" of 1997: privacy and security, electronic payment systems, and low-cost and high speed Internet access.","PeriodicalId":404447,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IECON'97 23rd International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation (Cat. No.97CH36066)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125791598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-11-09DOI: 10.1109/IECON.1997.671048
Yu Qin, S. Du
Hysteresis current control is one of the simplest and most popular techniques used to achieve unity power factor for an on-line uninterruptible power supply (UPS). However the conventional fixed band hysteresis control has a variable switching frequency which causes serious EMI problems and dead zones in the zero crossings of input current waveforms as well as high stress on power devices. In this paper, the adaptive hysteresis band current control strategy is proposed, where the hysteresis band is controlled in real time as variations of input current, input voltage and output voltage to keep the switching frequency constant at any operation conditions. This novel current control method with a digital signal processor (DSP) implementation is proposed in current control loop of power factor corrected converter (PFC) used in an on-line UPS. The proposed current control technique is verified by simulations and experiments.
{"title":"A novel adaptive hysteresis band current control using a DSP for a power factor corrected on-line UPS","authors":"Yu Qin, S. Du","doi":"10.1109/IECON.1997.671048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.1997.671048","url":null,"abstract":"Hysteresis current control is one of the simplest and most popular techniques used to achieve unity power factor for an on-line uninterruptible power supply (UPS). However the conventional fixed band hysteresis control has a variable switching frequency which causes serious EMI problems and dead zones in the zero crossings of input current waveforms as well as high stress on power devices. In this paper, the adaptive hysteresis band current control strategy is proposed, where the hysteresis band is controlled in real time as variations of input current, input voltage and output voltage to keep the switching frequency constant at any operation conditions. This novel current control method with a digital signal processor (DSP) implementation is proposed in current control loop of power factor corrected converter (PFC) used in an on-line UPS. The proposed current control technique is verified by simulations and experiments.","PeriodicalId":404447,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IECON'97 23rd International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation (Cat. No.97CH36066)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127061001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-11-09DOI: 10.1109/IECON.1997.670904
K. Yamada, S. Komada, M. Ishida, T. Hori
In earlier papers, it has been reported that a fast and precise servo system, which has low-sensitivity to parameter variation and disturbance, can be realized with simple structure by using a high order disturbance observer. However, a clear and simple design method satisfying specifications for robust stability, influence of measurement noise, and relative stability has hardly been proposed. In this paper, we clarify the class of the robust servo system realized by adjusting the order of the disturbance observer and show design of an estimated disturbance feedback by the disturbance observer, which can represent a classical control approach. We apply this strategy to a design of a position servo system and realize the high performance robust servo system using the high order disturbance observer.
{"title":"Analysis and classical control design of servo system using high order disturbance observer","authors":"K. Yamada, S. Komada, M. Ishida, T. Hori","doi":"10.1109/IECON.1997.670904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.1997.670904","url":null,"abstract":"In earlier papers, it has been reported that a fast and precise servo system, which has low-sensitivity to parameter variation and disturbance, can be realized with simple structure by using a high order disturbance observer. However, a clear and simple design method satisfying specifications for robust stability, influence of measurement noise, and relative stability has hardly been proposed. In this paper, we clarify the class of the robust servo system realized by adjusting the order of the disturbance observer and show design of an estimated disturbance feedback by the disturbance observer, which can represent a classical control approach. We apply this strategy to a design of a position servo system and realize the high performance robust servo system using the high order disturbance observer.","PeriodicalId":404447,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IECON'97 23rd International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation (Cat. No.97CH36066)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114149334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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