{"title":"Toward a Global Middle Ages: Encountering the World Through Illuminated Manuscripts ed. by Bryan C. Keene (review)","authors":"V. Hansen","doi":"10.1353/mns.2020.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mns.2020.0019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40527,"journal":{"name":"Manuscript Studies-A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies","volume":"56 1","pages":"335 - 338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87880551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The Tudor period saw a revolution in antiquarian histories of Britain. Their networks of transmission largely circle around major collectors such as Matthew Parker and William Cecil. One prominent figure in Cecil's orbit was Laurence Nowell, the antiquarian whose name is famously associated with the Beowulf manuscript (the "Nowell Codex"). Nowell made copies of the Itinerarium Kambriae and Descriptio Kambriae, both texts by Giraldus Cambrensis, from differing sources, resulting in the defective manuscript London, British Library Additional MS 43706. His colleague William Lambarde used the Add. MS 43706 as the basis for his copy of Descriptio Kambriae. However, before Lambarde finished his transcription, he made annotations in Nowell's copy. This paper will examine the marginal annotations in Add. MS 43706, which include several annotations in Nowell's hand too. Nowell and Lambarde must have exchanged the manuscript back and forth, as demonstrated by their crossing out and correcting of each other's annotations. This correspondence on the physical pages of the manuscript speaks to their differing attitudes towards prominent aspects of Giraldus's text, including how to read and interpret marvels, natural history, and the twelfth-century discord between Wales and Anglo-Norman England. Nowell's more conservative attitude led him to derisively identify many of the anecdotes as "superstitio", "ridiculum", and "fabula", whereas Lambarde resists such disparaging comments by crossing them out and then justifying them with notes such as "mais miraculu[m]". This article ultimately argues that reading conflict in the margins highlights the value of studying marginalia in order to better understand the transmission practices of the antiquarians, including how they read medieval texts and how they interpret, translate, excerpt, and summarize them.
摘要:都铎时期是英国古物史的一次革命。他们的传播网络主要围绕着马修·帕克和威廉·塞西尔等主要收藏家。塞西尔身边的一位杰出人物是劳伦斯·诺埃尔，一位著名的古物学家，他的名字与贝奥武夫手稿(“诺埃尔抄本”)联系在一起。诺埃尔从不同的来源复制了《坎布里亚游记》和《坎布里亚描述》，这两本都是由吉拉尔达斯·坎布里亚西斯撰写的，导致了有缺陷的手稿伦敦，大英图书馆附加MS 43706。他的同事威廉·兰巴德(William Lambarde)使用编号MS 43706作为他的《坎布里亚描述》副本的基础。然而，在兰巴德完成抄写之前，他在诺埃尔的抄本上做了注解。本文将研究Add. MS 43706中的边缘注释，其中也包括Nowell手写的一些注释。诺埃尔和兰博德肯定来回交换过手稿，他们勾掉并纠正彼此的注释就证明了这一点。手稿实体页上的这种通信说明了他们对吉拉尔多斯文本突出方面的不同态度，包括如何阅读和解释奇迹，自然历史，以及12世纪威尔士和盎格鲁-诺曼英格兰之间的不和谐。诺埃尔更为保守的态度使他嘲笑地将许多轶事称为“迷信”、“可笑”和“荒谬”，而兰巴德则抵制这种贬低性的评论，把它们划掉，然后用“mais miraculu[m]”等注释来证明它们的真实性。本文最终认为，阅读页边空白处的冲突凸显了研究页边空白处的价值，以便更好地理解古物学家的传播实践，包括他们如何阅读中世纪文本，以及他们如何解释、翻译、摘录和总结它们。
{"title":"Early Antiquarian Methodologies: Conflict in the Margins of a Sixteenth-Century Copy of Itinerarium Kambriae and Descriptio Kambriae","authors":"Sarah J. Sprouse","doi":"10.1353/mns.2020.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mns.2020.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The Tudor period saw a revolution in antiquarian histories of Britain. Their networks of transmission largely circle around major collectors such as Matthew Parker and William Cecil. One prominent figure in Cecil's orbit was Laurence Nowell, the antiquarian whose name is famously associated with the Beowulf manuscript (the \"Nowell Codex\"). Nowell made copies of the Itinerarium Kambriae and Descriptio Kambriae, both texts by Giraldus Cambrensis, from differing sources, resulting in the defective manuscript London, British Library Additional MS 43706. His colleague William Lambarde used the Add. MS 43706 as the basis for his copy of Descriptio Kambriae. However, before Lambarde finished his transcription, he made annotations in Nowell's copy. This paper will examine the marginal annotations in Add. MS 43706, which include several annotations in Nowell's hand too. Nowell and Lambarde must have exchanged the manuscript back and forth, as demonstrated by their crossing out and correcting of each other's annotations. This correspondence on the physical pages of the manuscript speaks to their differing attitudes towards prominent aspects of Giraldus's text, including how to read and interpret marvels, natural history, and the twelfth-century discord between Wales and Anglo-Norman England. Nowell's more conservative attitude led him to derisively identify many of the anecdotes as \"superstitio\", \"ridiculum\", and \"fabula\", whereas Lambarde resists such disparaging comments by crossing them out and then justifying them with notes such as \"mais miraculu[m]\". This article ultimately argues that reading conflict in the margins highlights the value of studying marginalia in order to better understand the transmission practices of the antiquarians, including how they read medieval texts and how they interpret, translate, excerpt, and summarize them.","PeriodicalId":40527,"journal":{"name":"Manuscript Studies-A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"227 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88680758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In spring 2019, the University of Pennsylvania Libraries launched the transcription phase of "Scribes of the Cairo Geniza," a crowdsourcing project to sort and transcribe Cairo Geniza fragments. This article describes the results of the sorting phase of the project, and initial progress results for the transcription phase of the project.
{"title":"Scribes, Scholars, and Scripts: Reviewing Data from Scribes of the Cairo Geniza","authors":"Emily Esten","doi":"10.1353/mns.2020.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mns.2020.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In spring 2019, the University of Pennsylvania Libraries launched the transcription phase of \"Scribes of the Cairo Geniza,\" a crowdsourcing project to sort and transcribe Cairo Geniza fragments. This article describes the results of the sorting phase of the project, and initial progress results for the transcription phase of the project.","PeriodicalId":40527,"journal":{"name":"Manuscript Studies-A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"312 - 324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79983575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of the Scroll: An Illustrated Introduction to Scrolls in the Middle Ages by Thomas Forrest Kelly (review)","authors":"K. Hindley","doi":"10.1353/mns.2020.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mns.2020.0021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40527,"journal":{"name":"Manuscript Studies-A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"343 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89255484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article re-examines the unedited Durham Latin Prose "Brut" chronicle and its manuscript tradition in light of the discovery of a previously unknown manuscript. The Durham "Brut" covers the history of England from its legendary origins through the English victories over Scotland and France in 1346–47. The chronicle's later years are related to those in two other important late-medieval chronicles, the Anonimalle Chronicle and the Lanercost Chronicle, and for a short section of John of Washington's later chronicle. Only one witness of the Durham "Brut" was known until 2011, when another was identified with a 1347–48 continuation in a seventeenth-century hand. This article identifies an additional medieval witness that also includes the continuation. This article examines all three manuscripts together to track their development through both layout and a word by word comparison of a section of the text (Edward III's 1346 invasion of Normandy). This article will serve as a starting point for future editors of this neglected but important chronicle, written during a time of great change in English culture and national identity.
{"title":"The Durham Latin Prose \"Brut\" to 1347 with a Continuation to 1348: A Nationalistic Chronicle of England and Its Manuscripts","authors":"T. Smith","doi":"10.1353/mns.2020.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mns.2020.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article re-examines the unedited Durham Latin Prose \"Brut\" chronicle and its manuscript tradition in light of the discovery of a previously unknown manuscript. The Durham \"Brut\" covers the history of England from its legendary origins through the English victories over Scotland and France in 1346–47. The chronicle's later years are related to those in two other important late-medieval chronicles, the Anonimalle Chronicle and the Lanercost Chronicle, and for a short section of John of Washington's later chronicle. Only one witness of the Durham \"Brut\" was known until 2011, when another was identified with a 1347–48 continuation in a seventeenth-century hand. This article identifies an additional medieval witness that also includes the continuation. This article examines all three manuscripts together to track their development through both layout and a word by word comparison of a section of the text (Edward III's 1346 invasion of Normandy). This article will serve as a starting point for future editors of this neglected but important chronicle, written during a time of great change in English culture and national identity.","PeriodicalId":40527,"journal":{"name":"Manuscript Studies-A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":"120 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91069511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The European Book in the Twelfth Century ed. by Erik Kwakkel and Rodney Thompson (review)","authors":"Joanna Frońska","doi":"10.1353/mns.2020.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mns.2020.0000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40527,"journal":{"name":"Manuscript Studies-A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies","volume":"299 1","pages":"203 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73048703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:It can be safely claimed that there is no medieval script that has been seen, analyzed, and debated more than that of the mysterious and as-yet-unread Voynich Manuscript (Beinecke MS 408). For centuries, bibliophiles, linguists, codicologists, art historians, and amateur cryptologists have pored over the manuscript, examining it from every angle, debating every wormhole, arguing over every stain and crease. Some things we know: the invented script is comprised of carefully-written glyphs without precedent or obvious model; forensic material evidence has determined that the parchment, ink, and pigments date from the early 15th century; the provenance trail is nearly unbroken from the seventeenth century to today. But we still don't know how to read it, in spite of new theories flying across the internet on a near-weekly basis. "Voynichologists" disagree as to some of the most important and basic questions about the manuscript. How many letterforms are there? How many scribes can be identified? Are there ligatures, majuscules, abbreviations, and other scribal conventions? These questions have never been satisfactorily answered. Using digital paleographic methodologies including the Archetype (DigiPal) application and other annotation tools, this project will revisit the paleographic analyses of the Voynich glyphs to propose answers to some of these questions and discuss how these answers open avenues for further research.
摘要:可以肯定地说，没有一种中世纪手稿比神秘的、尚未读过的伏尼契手稿(Beinecke MS 408)被看到、分析和争论得更多。几个世纪以来，藏书家、语言学家、法典学家、艺术史学家和业余密码学家都在仔细研究手稿，从各个角度审视它，争论每一个虫洞，争论每一个污点和折痕。有些事情我们知道:发明的文字是由精心书写的符号组成的，没有先例或明显的模型;法医物证已经确定，羊皮纸、墨水和颜料可以追溯到15世纪初;从17世纪到今天，它的来源几乎没有中断过。但我们仍然不知道如何解读它，尽管几乎每周都会有新的理论在互联网上传播。“伏尼古学者”对手稿的一些最重要和最基本的问题意见不一。有多少字母形式?有多少抄写员可以确认?是否有结扎、大肌、缩略语和其他抄写惯例?这些问题从来没有得到令人满意的回答。本项目将使用数字古图学方法，包括原型(DigiPal)应用程序和其他注释工具，重新审视伏尼契字形的古图学分析，提出其中一些问题的答案，并讨论这些答案如何为进一步的研究开辟道路。
{"title":"How Many Glyphs and How Many Scribes? Digital Paleography and the Voynich Manuscript","authors":"L. Davis","doi":"10.1353/mns.2020.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mns.2020.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:It can be safely claimed that there is no medieval script that has been seen, analyzed, and debated more than that of the mysterious and as-yet-unread Voynich Manuscript (Beinecke MS 408). For centuries, bibliophiles, linguists, codicologists, art historians, and amateur cryptologists have pored over the manuscript, examining it from every angle, debating every wormhole, arguing over every stain and crease. Some things we know: the invented script is comprised of carefully-written glyphs without precedent or obvious model; forensic material evidence has determined that the parchment, ink, and pigments date from the early 15th century; the provenance trail is nearly unbroken from the seventeenth century to today. But we still don't know how to read it, in spite of new theories flying across the internet on a near-weekly basis. \"Voynichologists\" disagree as to some of the most important and basic questions about the manuscript. How many letterforms are there? How many scribes can be identified? Are there ligatures, majuscules, abbreviations, and other scribal conventions? These questions have never been satisfactorily answered. Using digital paleographic methodologies including the Archetype (DigiPal) application and other annotation tools, this project will revisit the paleographic analyses of the Voynich glyphs to propose answers to some of these questions and discuss how these answers open avenues for further research.","PeriodicalId":40527,"journal":{"name":"Manuscript Studies-A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies","volume":"35 1","pages":"164 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76181377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In 2013, a corpus of manuscripts from Yemen became openly accessible to the public through the Princeton University Digital Library portal. Numbering around 250 codices, most were digitized and cataloged from three private collections held in Yemen, under the auspices of the Yemeni Manuscript Digitization Initiative (YMDI), a scholarly network that was underpinned by institutional support from the Princeton University Library and Freie Universität Berlin. This article delves into the YMDI project, as a significant case study, with the goal of considering how this group of digital surrogates functions as an online collection, rather than viewing the Princeton portal as a transparent access point for these manuscripts or examining any of the YMDI volumes or their contents individually. Mass digitization projects are often sketched as efforts of "salvage," focusing on issues of both preservation and accessibility. By contrast, here, it is asserted that the meaning and significance of these manuscripts have not been sustained through the act of digitization, but rather transformed, particularly amidst Yemen's current unstable political situation. It is hoped that this article will provide a critical backdrop to the YMDI collection, by situating the cultural act of digitization historically, thereby helping users to understand these collections more substantively and inspiring us to think critically about how and why we digitize historic manuscripts in a precarious contemporary world.
{"title":"Yemeni Manuscripts Online: Digitization in an Age of War and Loss","authors":"Nancy Um","doi":"10.1353/mns.2020.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mns.2020.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In 2013, a corpus of manuscripts from Yemen became openly accessible to the public through the Princeton University Digital Library portal. Numbering around 250 codices, most were digitized and cataloged from three private collections held in Yemen, under the auspices of the Yemeni Manuscript Digitization Initiative (YMDI), a scholarly network that was underpinned by institutional support from the Princeton University Library and Freie Universität Berlin. This article delves into the YMDI project, as a significant case study, with the goal of considering how this group of digital surrogates functions as an online collection, rather than viewing the Princeton portal as a transparent access point for these manuscripts or examining any of the YMDI volumes or their contents individually. Mass digitization projects are often sketched as efforts of \"salvage,\" focusing on issues of both preservation and accessibility. By contrast, here, it is asserted that the meaning and significance of these manuscripts have not been sustained through the act of digitization, but rather transformed, particularly amidst Yemen's current unstable political situation. It is hoped that this article will provide a critical backdrop to the YMDI collection, by situating the cultural act of digitization historically, thereby helping users to understand these collections more substantively and inspiring us to think critically about how and why we digitize historic manuscripts in a precarious contemporary world.","PeriodicalId":40527,"journal":{"name":"Manuscript Studies-A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":"1 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77776441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article examines a group of manuscripts produced in England in the late twelfth/early thirteenth century and compares their artistic penwork, particularly looking at litterae florissae and linefillers. Some of these manuscripts have already been linked by their decorated initials, and were thought to be produced in a workshop in Oxford. By looking closely at the style of flourished letters, it was possible to identify a precise standard of creating letterforms, further linking these manuscripts to one production centre in Oxford. English litterae florissae and linefiller styles have not received much academic analysis to date, but finding similarities between letter styles has the potential to provide further identification for manuscript production and workshop standards.
{"title":"Litterae florissae in English Manuscripts in the Late Twelfth/Early Thirteenth Century","authors":"S. Charles","doi":"10.1353/mns.2020.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mns.2020.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines a group of manuscripts produced in England in the late twelfth/early thirteenth century and compares their artistic penwork, particularly looking at litterae florissae and linefillers. Some of these manuscripts have already been linked by their decorated initials, and were thought to be produced in a workshop in Oxford. By looking closely at the style of flourished letters, it was possible to identify a precise standard of creating letterforms, further linking these manuscripts to one production centre in Oxford. English litterae florissae and linefiller styles have not received much academic analysis to date, but finding similarities between letter styles has the potential to provide further identification for manuscript production and workshop standards.","PeriodicalId":40527,"journal":{"name":"Manuscript Studies-A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies","volume":"5 1","pages":"119 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75259464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The McCarthy Collection, Volume I: Italian and Byzantine Miniatures by Gaudenz Freuler (review)","authors":"Bryan C. Keene","doi":"10.1353/mns.2020.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mns.2020.0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40527,"journal":{"name":"Manuscript Studies-A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"218 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87079996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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