Christy Chapman, C. S. Parker, Ali Bertelsman, Kristina Gessel, H. Hatch, K. Seevers, James H. Brusuelas, Stephen Parsons, W. Seales
Abstract:Ancient documents pose many challenges for the scholars who painstakingly study and elucidate them. Natural deterioration occurs over time, erasing words and sentences that were once apparent. Water and fire damage can render text completely unreadable. Wrinkles and folds obscure content essential to meaning. Thankfully, old and new imaging methods can today be combined to rescue “lost” text and make it once again accessible to scholars.Using computer vision techniques like registration, historical images that often represent the most faithful record of the original content of a document can now be combined with those produced by newer technologies, like spectral imaging and 3D modeling. The result is a diachronic digital compilation that enables new scholarly discoveries. Using the collection of fragments from an opened ancient scroll from Herculaneum, PHerc.118, the work outlined in this paper prototypes a process that capitalizes on the best of old and new images to create a single, definitive digital model for scholarly study.
{"title":"The Digital Compilation and Restoration of Herculaneum Fragment P.Herc.118","authors":"Christy Chapman, C. S. Parker, Ali Bertelsman, Kristina Gessel, H. Hatch, K. Seevers, James H. Brusuelas, Stephen Parsons, W. Seales","doi":"10.1353/MNS.2021.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/MNS.2021.0000","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Ancient documents pose many challenges for the scholars who painstakingly study and elucidate them. Natural deterioration occurs over time, erasing words and sentences that were once apparent. Water and fire damage can render text completely unreadable. Wrinkles and folds obscure content essential to meaning. Thankfully, old and new imaging methods can today be combined to rescue “lost” text and make it once again accessible to scholars.Using computer vision techniques like registration, historical images that often represent the most faithful record of the original content of a document can now be combined with those produced by newer technologies, like spectral imaging and 3D modeling. The result is a diachronic digital compilation that enables new scholarly discoveries. Using the collection of fragments from an opened ancient scroll from Herculaneum, PHerc.118, the work outlined in this paper prototypes a process that capitalizes on the best of old and new images to create a single, definitive digital model for scholarly study.","PeriodicalId":40527,"journal":{"name":"Manuscript Studies-A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies","volume":"77 1","pages":"1 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80629320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toby Burrows, Doug Emery, A. Fraas, E. Hyvönen, Esko Ikkala, M. Koho, D. Lewis, Andrew Morrison, Kevin R. Page, Lynn Ransom, E. Thomson, J. Tuominen, A. Velios, H. Wijsman
Abstract:Since it was awarded a Round 4 Trans-Atlantic Platform Digging into Data Challenge grant in 2017, the Mapping Manuscript Migrations project has been working to develop and test a methodology to link disparate datasets from Europe and North America with the aim of providing large-scale analysis and visualizations of the history and provenance of medieval and Renaissance manuscripts.Guided by a set of research questions identified at the outset of the project, MMM developed an innovative Linked Open Data model and dataset which unifies three separate manuscript-related databases in a semantically consistent way, together with the workflows for transforming the institutional data contributions into the common structure. The dataset has been made available through a Linked Open Data service hosted by the Linked Data Finland platform and the MMM semantic portal.The aggregated data can be queried and visualized at scales ranging from a single manuscript to a total of more than 216,000 manuscripts as a group. Visualization tools developed in the portal show how the manuscripts have traveled across time and space from their place of production to their current locations, where they continue to find new audiences.The following report summarizes our methodology and results, and lays the groundwork for further research using our processes.
摘要:自2017年获得第四轮跨大西洋平台数据挖掘挑战(Trans-Atlantic Platform Digging into Data Challenge)资助以来，手稿迁移测绘项目一直致力于开发和测试一种方法，将来自欧洲和北美的不同数据集连接起来，旨在提供中世纪和文艺复兴时期手稿历史和来源的大规模分析和可视化。在项目开始时确定的一系列研究问题的指导下，MMM开发了一种创新的关联开放数据模型和数据集，该模型和数据集以语义一致的方式统一了三个独立的手稿相关数据库，以及将机构数据贡献转换为共同结构的工作流程。数据集已通过芬兰关联数据平台和MMM语义门户托管的关联开放数据服务提供。汇总的数据可以查询和可视化，范围从单个手稿到超过216,000个手稿作为一个组。门户网站开发的可视化工具显示了这些手稿是如何跨越时间和空间，从它们的产地到现在的地点，在那里它们继续寻找新的受众。以下报告总结了我们的方法和结果，并为使用我们的流程进行进一步研究奠定了基础。
{"title":"A New Model for Manuscript Provenance Research: The Mapping Manuscript Migrations Project","authors":"Toby Burrows, Doug Emery, A. Fraas, E. Hyvönen, Esko Ikkala, M. Koho, D. Lewis, Andrew Morrison, Kevin R. Page, Lynn Ransom, E. Thomson, J. Tuominen, A. Velios, H. Wijsman","doi":"10.1353/MNS.2021.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/MNS.2021.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Since it was awarded a Round 4 Trans-Atlantic Platform Digging into Data Challenge grant in 2017, the Mapping Manuscript Migrations project has been working to develop and test a methodology to link disparate datasets from Europe and North America with the aim of providing large-scale analysis and visualizations of the history and provenance of medieval and Renaissance manuscripts.Guided by a set of research questions identified at the outset of the project, MMM developed an innovative Linked Open Data model and dataset which unifies three separate manuscript-related databases in a semantically consistent way, together with the workflows for transforming the institutional data contributions into the common structure. The dataset has been made available through a Linked Open Data service hosted by the Linked Data Finland platform and the MMM semantic portal.The aggregated data can be queried and visualized at scales ranging from a single manuscript to a total of more than 216,000 manuscripts as a group. Visualization tools developed in the portal show how the manuscripts have traveled across time and space from their place of production to their current locations, where they continue to find new audiences.The following report summarizes our methodology and results, and lays the groundwork for further research using our processes.","PeriodicalId":40527,"journal":{"name":"Manuscript Studies-A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies","volume":"2016 1","pages":"131 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86129917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fakes and Forgeries of Written Artefacts from Ancient Mesopotamia to Modern China by Cécile Michel and Michael Friedrich (review)","authors":"Kelly Tuttle","doi":"10.1515/9783110714333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110714333","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40527,"journal":{"name":"Manuscript Studies-A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"216 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72512204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Renaissance Reform of the Book and Britain: The English Quattrocento by David Rundle (review)","authors":"Mimi Ensley","doi":"10.1353/mns.2020.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mns.2020.0023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40527,"journal":{"name":"Manuscript Studies-A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"350 - 353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83951614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The manuscript Lewis E 22 at the Free Library of Philadelphia has an uncommonly complete provenance. Written in the late twelfth century at Santa María de Benevívere in the Tierra de Campos of Palencia, Spain, an ex libris inscription on the last lines of the final folio records its origin, with an enigmatic addition by a later hand with the name "Didacus." Following the exclaustration of Benevívere in the nineteenth century, the manuscript passed through a series of collections in England and Canada before it arrived in the United States with John Frederick Lewis, including those of William Bragge and George Dunn. Furnishing new evidence for its provenance and contextualizing its creation at Benevívere, this paper offers a new interpretation of the Didacus inscription as a memorial to the monastery's founder, Diego Martínez de Villamayor (d. 5 November 1176).
摘要:费城自由图书馆的刘易斯E 22手稿具有罕见的完整出处。这本书写于12世纪末西班牙帕伦西亚坎波斯地的Santa María de Benevívere，在最后一卷对开本的最后几行，有一段图书馆外的题词记录了它的起源，还有一个后来的人写的神秘的名字“Didacus”。在19世纪Benevívere被驱逐之后，手稿在约翰·弗雷德里克·刘易斯(John Frederick Lewis)到达美国之前，经过了英国和加拿大的一系列收藏，其中包括威廉·布拉格(William Bragge)和乔治·邓恩(George Dunn)。本文为其出处提供了新的证据，并将其创建的背景放在Benevívere上，对diacus铭文作为修道院创始人Diego Martínez de Villamayor(1176年11月5日)的纪念提供了新的解释。
{"title":"A New Look at \"Didacus\" in a Late Twelfth-Century Manuscript from Santa María de Benevívere (Free Library of Philadelphia, Lewis E 22)","authors":"Matthew J. Westerby","doi":"10.1353/mns.2020.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mns.2020.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The manuscript Lewis E 22 at the Free Library of Philadelphia has an uncommonly complete provenance. Written in the late twelfth century at Santa María de Benevívere in the Tierra de Campos of Palencia, Spain, an ex libris inscription on the last lines of the final folio records its origin, with an enigmatic addition by a later hand with the name \"Didacus.\" Following the exclaustration of Benevívere in the nineteenth century, the manuscript passed through a series of collections in England and Canada before it arrived in the United States with John Frederick Lewis, including those of William Bragge and George Dunn. Furnishing new evidence for its provenance and contextualizing its creation at Benevívere, this paper offers a new interpretation of the Didacus inscription as a memorial to the monastery's founder, Diego Martínez de Villamayor (d. 5 November 1176).","PeriodicalId":40527,"journal":{"name":"Manuscript Studies-A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"325 - 333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89279569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Digitizing Medieval Manuscripts: The St. Chad Gospels, Materiality, Recoveries, and Representation in 2D and 3D by Bill Endres (review)","authors":"A. Prescott","doi":"10.1353/mns.2020.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mns.2020.0020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40527,"journal":{"name":"Manuscript Studies-A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"338 - 343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79058060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Missing Pages: The Modern Life of a Medieval Manuscript, from Genocide to Justice by Heghnar Zeitlian Watenpaugh (review)","authors":"Lisa Mahoney","doi":"10.1353/mns.2020.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mns.2020.0022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40527,"journal":{"name":"Manuscript Studies-A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies","volume":"86 1 1","pages":"346 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77298359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This paper addresses the question of sources for the idiosyncratic representations of the Evangelists created by ninth-century Breton monks and explores what might have prompted the occasional substitution of the horse for the traditional symbol of Saint Mark, the lion. Challenging the assumption of a "Celtic" connotation of equine imagery, this study suggests that the monks were directly influenced by Gregory the Great's allegorical interpretation of the horse given in the Moral Reflections on Job 39. Echoing Gregory as he draws a parallel between the emblematic qualities of the horse (strength, perseverance, courage) and those required of a servant of God, the innovative iconography of Saint Mark unites the lion and the horse in celebratory remembrance of Christ's sacrifice and resurrection and glorifies in the image of the Evangelist the tireless preacher, the devoted and fearless Horse of God.
{"title":"The Roaring Lion and the Horse of God: The Enigma of the Evangelist Portraits in the Harkness Gospels (New York Public Library, MA 115)","authors":"V. Barbashina","doi":"10.1353/mns.2020.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mns.2020.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper addresses the question of sources for the idiosyncratic representations of the Evangelists created by ninth-century Breton monks and explores what might have prompted the occasional substitution of the horse for the traditional symbol of Saint Mark, the lion. Challenging the assumption of a \"Celtic\" connotation of equine imagery, this study suggests that the monks were directly influenced by Gregory the Great's allegorical interpretation of the horse given in the Moral Reflections on Job 39. Echoing Gregory as he draws a parallel between the emblematic qualities of the horse (strength, perseverance, courage) and those required of a servant of God, the innovative iconography of Saint Mark unites the lion and the horse in celebratory remembrance of Christ's sacrifice and resurrection and glorifies in the image of the Evangelist the tireless preacher, the devoted and fearless Horse of God.","PeriodicalId":40527,"journal":{"name":"Manuscript Studies-A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"284 - 311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90230072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Islamic manuscript illumination production in the eastern Iranian city of Shiraz in the late fourteenth century marked an aesthetic sea-change from mid-fourteenth-century styles that were characterized by polychrome palettes and thick, gold strapwork. The new style of illumination, which was produced under the Muzaffarid dynasty (1314–93), was distinguished by the dominance of deep blue pigments as well as black and gold and the use of minute floral sprays and 'baroque- edged' inscribed cartouches. This profound visual shift eventually developed into the elaborate styles of Timurid, Turcoman and Safavid illumination of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries onwards and is thus of central importance to the history of the Islamic arts of the book. This article builds upon existing scholarship by bringing to light an illuminated manuscript from late fourteenth-century Shiraz that is currently unknown to scholarship. This manuscript – an undated copy of the Kulliyat (Collection) of the Shirazi author Saʿdi (d. 1291) – is richly illuminated and is thus a significant addition to the body of known material from the region. The article gives an account of the political and artistic contexts in which the manuscript was produced before providing a brief overview of known contemporary manuscript material. After an examination of the manuscript itself, the article highlights its visual links to other Muzaffarid and early Timurid material, in an effort to narrow the possible date range of production. Finally, in an effort to advance the general study of Muzaffarid manuscripts and the late medieval Islamic arts of the book, all but one of the article's reproductions have never before been published.
摘要:14世纪晚期，伊朗东部城市设拉子的伊斯兰手稿照明生产标志着14世纪中期以多色调色板和厚金饰带为特征的审美风格发生了巨大变化。穆扎法里德王朝(1314 - 1393)时期产生的这种新型照明风格，以深蓝色、黑色和金色颜料为主，使用微小的花卉喷雾和“巴洛克式”的雕刻而闻名。这种深刻的视觉转变最终发展成为15世纪和16世纪以来帖木儿、土库曼和萨法维人精心设计的照明风格，因此对伊斯兰艺术的历史至关重要。这篇文章建立在现有的学术，带来光明的手稿从14世纪晚期设拉子，目前是未知的学术。这份手稿是Shirazi作者Sa al - di(公元1291年)的Kulliyat (Collection)的未注明日期的副本，内容丰富，因此是该地区已知材料的重要补充。文章给出了一个帐户的政治和艺术背景，其中手稿是提供已知的当代手稿材料的简要概述之前产生的。在对手稿本身进行检查后，文章强调了它与其他穆扎法里德和早期帖木儿材料的视觉联系，以缩小可能的生产日期范围。最后，为了促进对穆扎法里德手稿和中世纪晚期伊斯兰艺术的普遍研究，除了一篇文章之外，其他所有文章的复制品都从未出版过。
{"title":"An Illuminated Manuscript from Late Fourteenth-Century Shiraz in the Bodleian Library","authors":"Cailah Jackson","doi":"10.1353/mns.2020.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mns.2020.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Islamic manuscript illumination production in the eastern Iranian city of Shiraz in the late fourteenth century marked an aesthetic sea-change from mid-fourteenth-century styles that were characterized by polychrome palettes and thick, gold strapwork. The new style of illumination, which was produced under the Muzaffarid dynasty (1314–93), was distinguished by the dominance of deep blue pigments as well as black and gold and the use of minute floral sprays and 'baroque- edged' inscribed cartouches. This profound visual shift eventually developed into the elaborate styles of Timurid, Turcoman and Safavid illumination of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries onwards and is thus of central importance to the history of the Islamic arts of the book. This article builds upon existing scholarship by bringing to light an illuminated manuscript from late fourteenth-century Shiraz that is currently unknown to scholarship. This manuscript – an undated copy of the Kulliyat (Collection) of the Shirazi author Saʿdi (d. 1291) – is richly illuminated and is thus a significant addition to the body of known material from the region. The article gives an account of the political and artistic contexts in which the manuscript was produced before providing a brief overview of known contemporary manuscript material. After an examination of the manuscript itself, the article highlights its visual links to other Muzaffarid and early Timurid material, in an effort to narrow the possible date range of production. Finally, in an effort to advance the general study of Muzaffarid manuscripts and the late medieval Islamic arts of the book, all but one of the article's reproductions have never before been published.","PeriodicalId":40527,"journal":{"name":"Manuscript Studies-A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"254 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76907337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Making Magic in Elizabethan England: Two Early Modern Vernacular Books of Magic ed. by Frank Klaassen (review)","authors":"B. Traister","doi":"10.1353/mns.2020.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mns.2020.0024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40527,"journal":{"name":"Manuscript Studies-A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies","volume":"58 1","pages":"353 - 356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88293282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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