Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/20563035.2020.1856573
M. Meere
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Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/20563035.2020.1856575
M. Bizer
The eponymous protagonist of Phèdre emerges as a true tragic heroine by exercising her own free will to commit wrong instead of being a mere victim of fate. Criticism focusing on injustice has tended to shine light on Thésée, denying Phèdre royal sovereignty just as French Salic law did to queens. By shifting the spotlight from Thésée to Phèdre, and from the idea of judgment as a means of redressing injustice to injustice resulting from the challenges of governance and self–governance in royal leaders, we will see that Phèdre's gender has tended to obscure the important connection between injustice and the exercise of monarchical power. The gender of the eponymous heroine of the play operates as a cover: by associating wrongdoing with a female monarch, a literal impossibility in France, Racine is able to delve into particularly controversial aspects of unjust governance as experienced in his day and age.
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Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20563035.2020.1780388
Vittoria Fallanca
This article begins by considering a Complainte by the poet Philippe Desportes (1581) which contains the first recorded use of the substantive ‘self’ in French (‘cet autre moy’). Following Terence Cave (1999), it highlights the fact that it occurs in the context of Renaissance writings on friendship predominantly influenced by the ‘Aristotelian-Ciceronian model’. It proposes that alongside this well-established model of friendship, there is another, competing model, what it terms the ‘anterotic’ model based on the mythological figure of Anteros. The anterotic model is rooted in strife as well as mutuality, and evocatively captures the dynamics of the creation of poetic identity in sixteenth-century French writings, including the fraught relationship between poet and verse, and the struggle between originality, emulation and independence. Seen against this backdrop, the substantive ‘self’ reflects not so much ‘modern’ identity as we know it, but a poetic identity encapsulated in the complex doubleness of Anteros.
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Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20563035.2020.1755134
Gwynedd Harley
Louis Daniel Lecomte was one of five Jesuits sent to China in 1685, the missionaries' role, however, was not just evangelical. The Académie Royale des Sciences had provided a questionnaire to complete concerning China's arts and sciences: a significant difference from previous foreign missions. The Nouveaux Mémoires sur l'état présent de la Chine first published in 1696 provided an initial report of those aspects the Academie had requested. Lecomte, however, did not confine himself to the questionnaire and provided observations which gave a very interesting insight into both China and France's social, political and economic situation at the end of the seventeenth century. Information gleaned from texts like Lecomte's may have enhanced China's pivotal role in the formation of the ‘esprit philosophique’. In this article the author has chosen to consider Lecomte's very telling comments on China's political system with particular reference to the philosophy of government and the monarchy.
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Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20563035.2020.1735054
Alice Roullière
This article examines the emergence and transformation of Francion’s epic character in Ronsard’s works from 1550 to 1578. This study of Francion’s genesis in Ronsard’s works relies on the close reading of the variations of the ‘Ode de la paix’ and the beginning of the Franciade, as well as on the analysis of the myth’s reception before and after 1572. In the 1550 ‘Ode de la paix’, the memory of the Virgilian intertext directly undermines the epic hero’s identity since he is presented as Hector’s only son, who in the classical tradition is named Astyanax and dies in Troy. Drawing on the problematic memory of Astyanax, the author studies how Francion’s fragile identity illustrates the complexity of the Renaissance concept of imitation and the difficulty of creating a national myth for France.
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Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20563035.2020.1791409
Timothy Chesters
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Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20563035.2020.1775430
Elisabeth Wallmann
This article rereads Bernard Mandeville’s infamous poem The Fable of the Bees: or, Private Vices Publick Benefits (1714; 1723; 1729) and Emilie du Châtelet’s French translation (1735-1738) in the context of the eighteenth-century debates around the differences between humans and animals. It argues that the considerable alterations to the text undertaken by Châtelet should be understood as a response to Mandeville’s vitalistic theories of physical and political bodies, and their implications for his theory of political economy. Through close readings of the two versions of the Fable, the article shows that Châtelet’s reworking circumvents the idea – central to Mandeville’s text – that all living bodies, whether human or animal, are interconnected systems animated by vital ‘spirits’. I thus use Mandeville’s and Châtelet’s texts as a window for exploring the implications of different positions in the debate on the animal-human hierarchy.
这篇文章重读了Bernard Mandeville臭名昭著的诗歌《蜜蜂寓言：或，私人牧师的公共利益》（1714；1723；1729）和Emilie du Châtelet的法语翻译（1735-1738），背景是18世纪关于人类和动物差异的争论。它认为，Châtelet对文本进行的大量修改应该被理解为对Mandeville关于物理和政治身体的生命论的回应，以及这些理论对他的政治经济学理论的影响。通过仔细阅读《寓言》的两个版本，这篇文章表明，沙特尔的重新创作绕过了曼德维尔文本的核心思想，即所有的生命体，无论是人还是动物，都是由重要的“精神”驱动的相互连接的系统。因此，我将Mandeville和Châtelet的文本作为一个窗口，探索在关于动物-人类等级制度的辩论中不同立场的含义。
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Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20563035.2020.1775429
Benjamin Fancy
This article explores the ways in which the characters of Marie-Madeleine de Lafayette's La Princesse de Clèves manipulate the conventions surrounding death in seventeenth-century France. It argues that Mme de Chartres prevents her daughter from participating in the traditional ceremonies surrounding death that were intended to comfort the living as much as the dying. In so doing, Mme de Chartres creates a sort of psychic ghost. One such manifestation of this ghost is the term ‘devoir,’ one that Mme de Chartres herself used in life. M. de Clèves's later death functions as a rewriting of Mme de Chartres's; it provides an opportunity for the princess to assert herself as an active participant in her husband's deathbed scene, a role which her mother had not previously allowed her to assume. This motivates the princess to retreat to a convent, where no one, not even the narrator, bears witness to her passing.
本文探讨了玛丽·马德琳·德·拉斐特（Marie Madeleine de Lafayette）的《Clèves王子》（La Princesse de Clève）中的人物如何操纵17世纪法国围绕死亡的传统。它认为，沙特尔夫人阻止她的女儿参加围绕死亡的传统仪式，这些仪式旨在安慰生者和垂死者。在这样做的过程中，沙特尔夫人创造了一种精神幽灵。这种鬼魂的一个表现形式是“devoir”一词，这是沙特尔夫人自己在生活中使用的一个词。M.de Clèves后来的死是对沙特尔夫人的改写；这为公主提供了一个机会，让她在丈夫的临终场景中积极参与，而她的母亲以前不允许她扮演这个角色。这促使公主撤退到一个修道院，在那里没有人，甚至连叙述者都没有见证她的去世。
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Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20563035.2019.1672988
Elizaveta Al-Faradzh
In 1667, a group of intellectuals associated with the monastery of Port-Royal printed and distributed a new version of the New Testament in French. This article places their translation within the broader context of post-Tridentine devotional practices, and describes the polemics that followed the publication. The Port-Royal ideal of devotion placed the text of the Scriptures at its foundation. This ideal and its enactment in publishing an accessible Bible aroused criticism and drove Antoine Arnauld to publicly defend and justify the project. Critics condemned the doctrine of universal access to the Bible, the encouragement of women and simple people to read Scripture, and the very method of translation adopted by Port-Royal. The Port-Royal authors considered the ‘fidelity’ of a translation to require the resultant text to be easily intelligible. But the translators’ focus on accessibility was not limited to language; they pursued the publication of their work in a variety of formats to promote its distribution and use among a wide section of the literate society.
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Pub Date : 2019-09-06DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0431-6
Fumin Xue, Chao An, Lixiang Chen, Gang Liu, Feifei Ren, Xinhua Guo, Haibin Sun, Lu Mei, Xiangdong Sun, Jinpeng Li, Youcai Tang, Xiuli An, Pengyuan Zheng
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) has high incidence and mortality worldwide. However, the underlying mechanisms that regulate gastric carcinogenesis are largely undefined. 4.1B is an adaptor protein found at the interface of membrane and the cytoskeleton. Previous studies demonstrated that 4.1B serves as tumor suppressor.
Results: We showed that 4.1B expression was decreased or lost in most GC patients. The expression pattern of it was tightly correlated with tumor size, TNM stage and overall survival (OS). We further showed that 4.1B inhibited the proliferation of two GC cell lines, MGC-803 and MKN-45, by impeding the EGFR/MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT pathways. A similar phenotype was also observed in immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) derived from wild type (WT) and 4.1B knock-out (BKO) mice. Additionally, immunofluorescence (IF) staining and Co-IP showed that protein 4.1B bound to EGFR. Furthermore, the FERM domain of 4.1B interacted with EGFR through the initial 13 amino acids (P13) of the intracellular juxtamembrane (JM) segment of EGFR. The binding of 4.1B to EGFR inhibited dimerization and autophosphorylation of EGFR.
Conclusion: Our present work revealed that 4.1B plays important regulatory roles in the proliferation of GC cells by binding to EGFR and inhibiting EGFR function through an EGFR/MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway. Our results provide novel insight into the mechanism of the development and progression of GC.
{"title":"4.1B suppresses cancer cell proliferation by binding to EGFR P13 region of intracellular juxtamembrane segment.","authors":"Fumin Xue, Chao An, Lixiang Chen, Gang Liu, Feifei Ren, Xinhua Guo, Haibin Sun, Lu Mei, Xiangdong Sun, Jinpeng Li, Youcai Tang, Xiuli An, Pengyuan Zheng","doi":"10.1186/s12964-019-0431-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12964-019-0431-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastric cancer (GC) has high incidence and mortality worldwide. However, the underlying mechanisms that regulate gastric carcinogenesis are largely undefined. 4.1B is an adaptor protein found at the interface of membrane and the cytoskeleton. Previous studies demonstrated that 4.1B serves as tumor suppressor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We showed that 4.1B expression was decreased or lost in most GC patients. The expression pattern of it was tightly correlated with tumor size, TNM stage and overall survival (OS). We further showed that 4.1B inhibited the proliferation of two GC cell lines, MGC-803 and MKN-45, by impeding the EGFR/MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT pathways. A similar phenotype was also observed in immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) derived from wild type (WT) and 4.1B knock-out (BKO) mice. Additionally, immunofluorescence (IF) staining and Co-IP showed that protein 4.1B bound to EGFR. Furthermore, the FERM domain of 4.1B interacted with EGFR through the initial 13 amino acids (P13) of the intracellular juxtamembrane (JM) segment of EGFR. The binding of 4.1B to EGFR inhibited dimerization and autophosphorylation of EGFR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our present work revealed that 4.1B plays important regulatory roles in the proliferation of GC cells by binding to EGFR and inhibiting EGFR function through an EGFR/MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway. Our results provide novel insight into the mechanism of the development and progression of GC.</p>","PeriodicalId":40652,"journal":{"name":"Early Modern French Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"115"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6731589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72941507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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