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Analysis of Hate Speech in Responses to Two Hausa Online Media Outlets on the Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic 分析两家豪萨语网络媒体对 COVID-19 大流行病传播的仇恨言论回应
Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.24071/ijels.v10i1.8363
Clifford Irikefe Gbeyonron
Effective communication through the medium of indigenous languages serves as an invaluable instrument that facilitates every language’s right to information during pandemics. Different online media outlets used Nigerian languages to disseminate information that could enhance the success of public health measures targeted at mitigating the impact of COVID-19. However, not all of the audience absorbed the messages positively. This study attempts to analyze the use of hate speech in the comments of readers of Hausa online news items on Legit Hausa and BBC Hausa that responded to news items on COVID-19. To achieve this, the readers' comments were purposively sampled and analyzed based on the pragmatic principles of politeness and peaceful communication. In addition, systemic functional grammar was used to explicate the grammatical features of the analyzed linguistic elements of the comments written in Hausa. It was found that the comments were not only replete with inflammatory language – stripping the users of the status of communicative humanizer – inimical to preventive measures against COVID-19 but also capable of widening the opinion divide. Furthermore, most comments analyzed flout the principles of Hausa spelling and sentence construction. The study thus recommends that linguistic activists should consistently advocate for the use of Nigerian languages that conform to linguistic norms and the principles of peaceful communication that would curtail misinformation and division in the course of pandemic control.
在流行病期间,通过土著语言进行有效沟通是促进每种语言知情权的宝贵手段。不同的在线媒体使用尼日利亚语言传播信息,这些信息可以提高旨在减轻 COVID-19 影响的公共卫生措施的成功率。然而,并非所有受众都积极吸收了这些信息。本研究试图分析《Legit Hausa》和 BBC Hausa 上豪萨语在线新闻的读者对 COVID-19 新闻的评论中仇恨言论的使用情况。为此,我们有目的地对读者的评论进行了取样,并根据礼貌与和平交流的实用原则进行了分析。此外,还使用了系统功能语法来解释所分析的豪萨语评论语言要素的语法特征。研究发现,这些评论不仅充斥着煽动性语言--剥夺了使用者的人性化交流地位--不利于针对 COVID-19 的预防措施,而且能够扩大意见分歧。此外,所分析的大多数评论都无视豪萨语拼写和造句原则。因此,本研究建议语言活动家应始终倡导使用符合语言规范与和平交流原则的尼日利亚语言,从而在控制流行病的过程中减少误导和分裂。
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引用次数: 0
Kamala Harris and Mike Pence Personal and Social Deixis Analysis in US Vice Presidential Debate 卡马拉-哈里斯和迈克-彭斯在美国副总统辩论中的个人与社会差异分析
Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.24071/ijels.v10i1.3652
Nadia Agatha Pramesthi
Personal and social deixis have been the key factors in how people can engage in a conversation or discourse. From Hamdaoui (2015), it is known that deixis is one of the linguistic techniques that politicians emphasize a lot. Any linguistic theory can study it, but pragmatics must since it informs the analyst about the context of language production, including who is speaking, to whom, when, and where (Triki, 2010). Thus, this study used personal and social deixis theory in modern linguistics to answer several research questions, such as what deixis the candidates use and what are the effects. The research aims to see how each candidate effectively draws people’s attention in a presidential debate through the analysis of social deixis. Kamala Harris chooses to be more populist by using expressions such as exclusive ‘we’ or ‘us’ and ‘you’. Meanwhile, Mike Pence focuses on presenting himself and Trump through the use of expressions such as I and inclusive ‘we’ or ‘us’. Moreover, the distant relationship with Trump’s Administration that Kamala Harris has shown to the public can be a factor in how Americans see Joe and Kamala as different figures from their predecessors.
个人和社会语助词一直是人们如何参与对话或话语的关键因素。从 Hamdaoui(2015 年)的研究中可以得知,语助词是政治家非常强调的语言技巧之一。任何语言学理论都可以研究它,但语用学必须研究它,因为它能让分析者了解语言产生的语境,包括谁在说话、对谁说话、何时何地说话(Triki,2010 年)。因此,本研究使用现代语言学中的个人和社会词缀理论来回答几个研究问题,如考生使用了哪些词缀以及效果如何。本研究旨在通过对社会语助词的分析,了解每位候选人在总统辩论中如何有效地吸引人们的注意力。卡马拉-哈里斯(Kamala Harris)选择使用 "我们 "或 "我们 "和 "你们 "等排他性表达方式,从而更加民粹化。与此同时,迈克-彭斯则通过使用 "我 "和包容性的 "我们 "或 "我们 "等表达方式,着重表现自己和特朗普的关系。此外,卡马拉-哈里斯向公众展示的与特朗普政府的疏远关系也可能是美国人将乔和卡马拉视为不同于其前任的人物的一个因素。
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引用次数: 0
The Depiction of Human Nature through Allegory: An Analysis of Golding's Lord of the Flies 用寓言手法描绘人性——析戈尔丁的《蝇王》
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.24071/ijels.v9i2.7125
S. Ghimire
This article critically analyzes Golding's Lord of the Flies to investigate how human nature was allegorically depicted by constructing an almost parallel fictional world to his contemporary time. In this paper, I argued that Golding allegorically exhibited the basic human nature of his contemporary time by experimenting with the schoolboys on the Pacific Ocean, which unveiled the brutal and uncivilized nature of schoolboys, and that such activities as depicted in the novel resembled the brutal and savage nature of the men of his time. The methodology I employed in this study was a close analysis of the primary text to examine how Golding used allegory to uncover the basic nature of human beings, and I analyzed secondary resources related to the study to support my arguments. The analysis identified that Golding depicted savagery and animalistic human nature through allegory, which questioned the traditional understanding of human nature as civilized and moral, and his experience of involving himself in the war and working as a school teacher helped him in reflecting such brutal and uncivilized events of his time. He provided a wider space and various layers of secondary meanings for characters, setting, and events in the story, which resonated in many respects with the events of his contemporary time. In addition, this study unpacked the fact that savagery existed inside the human heart and manifested in a lack of guardianship and civilizational forces in human beings. This paper will be useful in exploring the novel for a better understanding of human nature.
本文对戈尔丁的《蝇王》进行批判性分析,探讨他是如何通过构建一个与同时代几乎平行的虚构世界来讽喻地描绘人性的。本文认为,戈尔丁以太平洋上的男学生为实验对象,讽喻地展示了他那个时代的基本人性,揭示了男学生野蛮、不文明的本质,小说中所描绘的这些行为与他那个时代的男人野蛮、野蛮的本质是相似的。我在这项研究中使用的方法是对主要文本进行仔细分析,以检查戈尔丁如何使用寓言来揭示人类的基本本质,我分析了与这项研究相关的二手资源来支持我的论点。分析认为,戈尔丁通过寓言的方式描绘了野蛮和兽性的人性,这对传统上对人性文明和道德的理解提出了质疑,而他参与战争和担任学校教师的经历有助于他反映他所处时代的野蛮和不文明事件。他为故事中的人物、背景和事件提供了更广阔的空间和多层次的次要意义,这在许多方面与他同时代的事件产生了共鸣。此外,这项研究揭示了野蛮存在于人类内心的事实,表现为人类缺乏监护和文明力量。本文将有助于探究这部小说,从而更好地理解人性。
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引用次数: 0
Blended Learning in the Context of EFL: Curriculum Design and Implementation 外语语境下的混合式学习:课程设计与实施
Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.24071/ijels.v9i1.5193
Wan-Jeng Chang
This study proposed a curriculum design that thoroughly considers blended learning in the context of English as a foreign language (EFL). The main objectives were (1) to list the components to be included in the curriculum and how such components should be presented so that the curriculum can be successfully implemented and (2) to implement this curriculum in higher education. A total of 27 EFL students from a university in central Taiwan participated in the study. Various tasks were used to enable the students to actively explore the subject content and improve their language skills. Surveys and face-to-face meetings were also conducted to explore the students’ perspectives regarding the course, and the results of their feedback revealed their positive attitude toward the course. The educational activities, procedures, final results, and reflections regarding further research are explained herein. This study contributed to the field of EFL blended learning.
本研究提出了一种充分考虑英语作为外语背景下混合式学习的课程设计。主要目标是(1)列出课程中要包括的组成部分,以及这些组成部分应该如何呈现,以便课程能够成功实施;(2)在高等教育中实施该课程。本研究以台湾中部某大学27名学生为研究对象。通过各种任务,让学生积极探索学科内容,提高语言能力。通过问卷调查和面对面交流,探讨学生对课程的看法,反馈结果显示学生对课程持积极态度。在此说明了教育活动、过程、最终结果以及对进一步研究的思考。本研究为外语混合式学习领域的研究做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
ANALYSING READING COMPREHENSION OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS THROUGH PARENTING CONTEXT 亲子语境对小学生阅读理解能力的影响分析
Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.24071/ijels.v9i1.5650
A. Inharjanto, L. Lisnani
The unsatisfactory results of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) in Indonesia related to reading become the urge for analysing students' reading comprehension. The objective of this research was to analyse the reading comprehension of Grade IV students at one of the private primary schools in Palembang by using a parenting context. The parenting context was implemented in the form of colouring picture stories. Further, this research employed descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques used were tests, questionnaires, and documentation. As regards sampling technique, a purposive sampling was applied, based on the class criteria of Grade IV students who enrolled the offline class. It should be noted that this study was conducted after the peak of pandemic crisis but most schools still enrolled online class. Finally, the results of this study demonstrate that students perceive they are most likely to learn and be motivated in learning English through colouring parenting-related pictures.
印尼国际学生评估项目(PISA)在阅读方面的不理想结果成为分析学生阅读理解能力的动力。本研究的目的是分析巨港一所私立小学四年级学生的阅读理解能力,并采用父母环境进行分析。亲子环境以彩色图画故事的形式实施。进一步,本研究采用描述性定性方法。使用的数据收集技术包括测试、问卷调查和文档。在抽样技术方面,采用有目的的抽样方法,以入班的四年级学生的班级标准为基础。值得注意的是,这项研究是在大流行危机高峰期之后进行的,但大多数学校仍然招收在线课程。最后,本研究的结果表明,学生认为他们最有可能通过着色父母相关的图片学习英语。
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引用次数: 0
Verbal Responses toward Insults in the Celebrity Read Mean Tweets Segment 在“名人阅读刻薄推文”中对侮辱的口头回应
Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.24071/ijels.v9i1.5914
Muflihatunnisa Muflihatunnisa
Receiving insults virtually is one of the drawbacks of living with cutting-edge technology. Drawing on insults, the study’s objectives are to examine the verbal responses toward insults and the language features employed by the celebrities in the ‘Celebrity Read Mean Tweets’ segment on the Jimmy Kimmel show on Youtube. The data are verbal responses by 50 participants taken from the talkshow’s account. The analysis was carried out qualitatively by adopting the frameworks of Bond and Venus’ verbal responses accompanied by the gender language features of Lakoff and Coates. The results suggested that verbal responses were mainly employed to resist the insults. The strategies of resisting were conducted mostly via antinomies, correcting, and swearing. To signalize their acceptance, the speakers mostly appreciate the quality of the insult. Other purposes of the verbal responses were to ignore the insults which were done predominantly via digression. Subsequently, the highly employed language feature by the celebrities was lexical hedges/fillers and harsh words/swearing. Most of the features were used altogether by both genders, except for empty adjectives which were discovered from female responses. The results of this study can help explore strategies to tackle insults and future research related to verbal responses.
接受侮辱是生活在尖端科技时代的缺点之一。以侮辱为例,这项研究的目的是研究名人对侮辱的口头反应,以及在Youtube上吉米·坎摩尔秀的“名人阅读刻薄推文”环节中使用的语言特征。这些数据是50名参与者的口头回答,取自该脱口秀的账户。定性分析采用Bond和Venus的言语反应框架,并结合Lakoff和Coates的性别语言特征。结果表明,言语反应主要用于抵抗侮辱。抵抗的策略主要是二律背反、纠正和咒骂。为了表示他们的接受,说话者通常会欣赏侮辱的性质。口头回应的其他目的是忽略主要通过离题而进行的侮辱。随后,名人使用最多的语言特征是词汇模糊限制语/填充语和粗口/脏话。除了从女性回答中发现的空形容词外,大多数特征都是男女共同使用的。这项研究的结果可以帮助探索应对侮辱的策略,以及未来与言语反应相关的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Poe’s Myth of Self: A Structural Barthesian Reading on “The Black Cat” and “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” 坡的自我神话:对《黑猫》和《莫尔格街谋杀案》的结构式解读
Pub Date : 2023-02-24 DOI: 10.24071/ijels.v9i1.4997
B. Khadafi
This research analyzes how the narrative structure of Poe’s tales, namely “The Black Cat” and “The Murders in the Rue Morgue,” can be imposed with a certain idea about Self or the nature of human subjectivity. Poe’s tales illustrate that human subjectivity consists of two contrasting tendencies for destructiveness/imagination and reflection/cognition. They also show that the Self is always in tension with the Other. To counter this tension, Poe’s tales suggest that the Self should take a moment to reflect upon its subjectivity and let the Other reveal its alterity before interacting with it so that a more harmonious, or at least less problematic, relationship between the two can be established. Reading the selected stories using the Barthesian perspective, this paper sees this imposition as an act of myth-making which in itself is always ideological since there is a certain political and/or economic agenda driving it. Hence, the myth of Self in Poe’s tales needs to be demystified, a process through which Poe’s idea of Self is unmasked as his cries for those in power to take a moment of reflection about the mess they had put into the 1840s United States political-economic condition. This result implies that myths are not always constructed by the ruling class to justify its domination, but can also be written by the oppressed group to voice its concern. In this way, this paper subscribes to the Foucauldian notion of power.
本文分析了爱伦·坡的小说《黑猫》和《莫尔格街谋杀案》的叙事结构是如何被强加于某种关于自我的观念或人的主体性本质的。坡的故事表明,人的主体性包括破坏性/想象和反思/认知两种截然不同的倾向。它们也显示出自我总是与他者处于紧张状态。为了对抗这种紧张,爱伦·坡的故事建议,自我应该花点时间反思自己的主体性,让他者在与他者互动之前揭示自己的另类,这样两者之间就能建立一种更和谐的关系,或者至少少一些问题。本文用巴塞斯的观点来阅读所选的故事,认为这种强加是一种制造神话的行为,这种行为本身总是意识形态的,因为有某种政治和/或经济议程在推动它。因此,坡的故事中的自我神话需要被揭开,在这个过程中,坡对自我的想法被揭露,他呼吁当权者花点时间反思一下他们给19世纪40年代美国政治经济状况造成的混乱。这一结果表明,神话并不总是统治阶级为证明其统治正当性而编造的,也可能是被压迫群体为表达自己的关切而创作的。在这方面,本文赞同福柯的权力概念。
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引用次数: 0
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN VOCABULARY COMPLEXITY MASTERY AND STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL 词汇复杂性掌握与学生口语能力的关系
Pub Date : 2023-02-23 DOI: 10.24071/ijels.v9i1.5619
I. Sukendra
This study focuses on the correlation between vocabulary complexity mastery and students’ speaking skill. The purpose of this research was to find out whether vocabulary complexity mastery can influence students’ speaking skills. In finding out the correlation between variables and the degree of correlation, the researcher used quantitative research methods with a correlational research design. This study involved 25 students who were in class XI Nursing major. In collecting research data, the researcher used a vocabulary complexity test (PVLT) of 30 questions. Meanwhile, to find out the speaking skill, the researcher used speaking instruction (Role-play; Cued Task) which involves three assessors. Based on the results of the analysis of the calculation through SPSS, the calculation results obtained the value of Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.0000.005, which indicates that Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. Therefore, there is a significant correlation between vocabulary complexity mastery and students’ speaking skill. 
本研究主要探讨词汇复杂性掌握与学生口语能力的关系。本研究的目的是了解词汇复杂性的掌握是否会影响学生的口语能力。为了找出变量之间的相关性和相关程度,研究者采用了定量研究的方法,并进行了相关研究设计。本研究以护理专业11班25名学生为研究对象。在收集研究数据时,研究者使用了包含30个问题的词汇复杂性测试(PVLT)。同时,为了了解口语技能,研究者采用了口语教学(角色扮演;提示任务),涉及三个评估员。通过SPSS软件对计算结果进行分析,计算结果为Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.0000.005,表示接受Ha,拒绝H0。因此,词汇复杂性的掌握与学生的口语能力之间存在着显著的相关关系。
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引用次数: 0
Module and Lesson Unit Templates in the Course Book English in Mind: A Content Analysis 教材中的模块和单元模板:英语在心中:内容分析
Pub Date : 2023-02-13 DOI: 10.24071/ijels.v8i2.5906
Joseph Emmanuel Krisdian, F. X. Mukarto, Laurensius Albertus Chandra Yuniarto
Using coursebooks in language learning is a crucial means of obtaining knowledge. This study focused on Indonesia, delves into examining the first edition of Cambridge University Press's English in Mind: Student's Starter Book through content analysis. The research objective is to uncover the book's module and lesson unit templates. The analysis concentrates on two of the four modules and their accompanying lesson units. Findings indicate that the module template is consistent and includes three significant components: topics and learning outcomes, lesson units, and assessment. The template for lesson units, however, displays a certain degree of variability regarding the number of sections and the content of learning tasks. This variance arises from the necessary scaffolding processes to achieve the unit's intended learning outcomes. Examining coursebook content through content analysis is crucial in understanding the language learning process and determining the effectiveness of instructional materials. In conclusion, the results of this study contribute to the advancement of language education by highlighting the significance of coursebook analysis in evaluating the quality and consistency of language instructional materials.
在语言学习中使用教材是获取知识的重要手段。本研究以印度尼西亚为研究对象,通过内容分析,深入研究了剑桥大学出版社第一版的《心中的英语:学生入门书》。研究的目的是揭示教材的模块和课单元模板。分析集中在四个模块中的两个模块及其相应的课程单元上。研究结果表明,该模块模板是一致的,包括三个重要组成部分:主题和学习成果、课程单元和评估。然而,课程单元的模板在学习任务的部分数量和内容方面显示出一定程度的可变性。这种差异来自于实现单元预期学习结果的必要脚手架过程。通过内容分析来检查教材内容对于理解语言学习过程和确定教学材料的有效性至关重要。总之,本研究的结果突出了教材分析在评估语言教材质量和一致性方面的重要性,有助于促进语言教育的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Restoring Language to Literature Pedagogy: Towards an Interactive Approach 还原语言文学教学法:走向互动教学法
Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.24071/ijels.v9i1.5340
Mohammad Taher Hossain Salim
English literature teaching in Bangladeshi universities has remained to be a frustrating experience for the faculties. This “frustration” is often attributed to the poor understanding of “the intellectually unequipped” and ‘linguistically unprepared’ students. This study, to understand the faculty frustration, investigates the literature teaching approaches practiced in the classes. The study also examines the role of “linguistic skill” as the learning outcome in the lesson plan of the course teachers. Finally, the paper finds that literature teaching at the tertiary level in Bangladesh does not accommodate pedagogical approaches and the linguistic skill of the students is not given the required priority in the teaching process. This paper, therefore, recommends an Interactive Approach in which language is to be integrated as one of the learning outcomes.   
孟加拉大学的英国文学教学对教师来说一直是令人沮丧的经历。这种“挫败感”通常归因于“智力上缺乏装备”和“语言上没有准备”的学生理解能力差。为了了解教师的挫折感,本研究调查了文学教学方法在课堂上的实践。研究还考察了“语言技能”作为学习成果在课程教师教案中的作用。最后,本文发现,孟加拉国高等教育的文学教学不适应教学方法,学生的语言技能在教学过程中没有得到必要的优先考虑。因此,本文建议采用一种交互式方法,将语言作为学习成果之一进行整合。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Indonesian Journal of English Language Studies (IJELS)
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