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Public control over the activities of the State Bureau of Investigation:A comparative analysis 公众对国家调查局活动的控制:比较分析
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2023-05-28 DOI: 10.46398/cuestpol.4177.39
Оlena Gulak, A. Halai, I. Iarmolenko, O. Spodynskyi, N. Kapitanenko
The purpose of this work was to analyze the adequate level of legal support for the implementation of public control over the activities of the State Investigation Bureau through the activities of the Public Control Council. To achieve the objective, general scientific and special scientific methods of cognition were used simultaneously, in particular dialectical, logical-formal, analysis and synthesis, systemic-structural, legal-comparative, legal-formal and prognostic. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the legal regulation of the issues of formation and activity of the Public Control Councils in a number of newly created law enforcement bodies, a system of blocks was highlighted, which were the subject of analysis, namely: 1) control over the activity of the body; 2) powers of the Public Control Council; 3) the name of the main area of activity of the Public Council; 4) the object of approval of the Regulations of the Public Council. Everything allowed to conclude which are the "bad" normative constructions, the contradictory norms in the related normative acts and to locate the need for unification of approaches according to the identified structural blocks, which were the object of analysis. In addition, attention is focused on those directions that require further scientific analysis and regulatory optimization.
这项工作的目的是分析通过公共控制委员会的活动对国家调查局的活动实施公共控制的适当法律支持水平。为了达到这一目的,我们同时运用了一般科学和特殊科学的认知方法,特别是辩证的、逻辑形式的、分析综合的、系统结构的、法律比较的、法律形式的和预测的。在对若干新成立的执法机构中公共管制委员会的组成和活动问题的法律规定进行比较分析的基础上,强调了一种阻碍制度,这是分析的主题,即:1)对该机构活动的控制;2)公共监督委员会的权力;(三)市民议会主要活动范围的名称;(四)《市政局章程》的批准对象。一切都允许得出结论,哪些是“坏的”规范结构,哪些是相关规范行为中的矛盾规范,并根据已识别的结构块找到统一方法的需要,这是分析的对象。此外,还将重点关注那些需要进一步科学分析和优化监管的方向。
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引用次数: 1
Población adulta mayor en la agenda de políticas de Ecuador: Una aproximación desde el neoinstitucionalismo 厄瓜多尔政策议程中的老年人口:来自新制度主义的方法
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2023-05-28 DOI: 10.46398/cuestpol.4177.37
Norma Paola Floril Anangonó
The challenges of the demographic transition require urgent State actions that meet the needs and demands of the population aged 65 and over. This article addresses the insertion of the problems of the older adult population in the policy agenda of the Ecuadorian State. For this purpose, a qualitative orientation is followed, under the theoretical framework of neoinstitutionalism. For the analysis, a review was made of the trajectory of state action in the recent history of the nation, in which three major facets of the agenda were identified: minimal early insertion, neoliberal opening and recognition of rights. The main conclusion is that it is a symbolic agenda, affected by a sort of institutional ageism, which places the problems of the elderly in a peripheral position in Ecuadorian politics, despite the great normative platform that the country has and a governmental discourse of broad recognition of this group.
人口转型的挑战要求国家采取紧急行动,满足65岁及以上人口的需要和要求。本文讨论将老年人口问题列入厄瓜多尔国家的政策议程。为此,在新制度主义的理论框架下,遵循定性取向。为了进行分析,我们回顾了国家近期历史上的国家行动轨迹,其中确定了议程的三个主要方面:最小程度的早期介入、新自由主义的开放和对权利的承认。主要结论是,这是一个象征性的议程,受到一种制度性的年龄歧视的影响,这种歧视将老年人的问题置于厄瓜多尔政治的边缘位置,尽管该国拥有良好的规范平台,政府话语也广泛承认这一群体。
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引用次数: 0
Legal aspects of postwar reconstruction and development of the state (Ukrainian experience) 战后国家重建和发展的法律方面(乌克兰经验)
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2023-05-28 DOI: 10.46398/cuestpol.4177.09
L. Shevchuk, Andrii Dukhnevych, N. Karpinska, O. Starchuk, Nataliia Vozniuk
The aim of this article was to analyze the legal basis of the postwar restoration of Ukraine, and to investigate the possible options, programs and plans for effecting this restoration. The following methods were used for the detailed study of this topic: comparative, legal-cognitive, logical-legal, hermeneutic, statistical, dialectical and formal-legal. The results of the research are the definition of basic concepts and terms, namely "reparations" and "war"; clarification of peculiarities of Ukraine's post-WWII reconstruction; research and analysis of Ukraine's post-war programs, strategies and plans of renewal, and; establishment of peculiarities and payment of reparations for Ukraine. The legal framework of Ukrainian reconstruction was also studied. It is concluded that, the integration of all existing opportunities in the world to assist Ukraine in its post-war reconstruction will facilitate Ukraine's accession to various international and European institutions, including the European Union. Also, the updating of new international acts regulating assistance to Ukraine and compensation from Russia will contribute to the improvement of the international legal framework, which in some respects has not changed since World War II.
本文的目的是分析战后乌克兰复辟的法律基础,并探讨实现这一复辟的可能选择、方案和计划。具体研究方法有:比较法、法律认知法、逻辑法、解释学、统计学、辩证法和形式法。研究的结果是界定了基本概念和术语,即“赔偿”和“战争”;澄清乌克兰二战后重建的特点;乌克兰战后重建计划、战略和计划的研究和分析;确定乌克兰的特点和支付赔偿金。还研究了乌克兰重建的法律框架。结论是,整合世界上所有现有的机会,协助乌克兰进行战后重建,将有助于乌克兰加入包括欧洲联盟在内的各种国际和欧洲机构。此外,更新规范向乌克兰提供援助和俄罗斯赔偿的新国际法将有助于改善国际法律框架,自第二次世界大战以来,国际法律框架在某些方面没有改变。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Religious Myth on National and Political Formation Across Cultures 宗教神话对跨文化民族政治形成的影响
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2023-05-28 DOI: 10.46398/cuestpol.4177.34
Mahfuza Alimova, M. Abdullaeva, U. Tungatova, Dilafruz Karimova, L. Alidjanova, N. Turambetov
As a research objective, the article presents a classification of myths and scientific orientations of world mythology, as a condition of possibility to explain the national and political formation of cultures, for which the historical and cognitive method was used. Myths are part of the primitive religious imaginary. The political sphere, in which the principles and technologies of management of society are developed, is the one most in need of producing effective means of influence, so that its results have an intense load of mythogenesis. In the space of the political most of the characteristics of myth are the perception of accessibility and openness of empathy, regardless of a person's age, gender, nationality. Everything allows to conclude that, the history of the search for the underlying essence of the universe also goes back to the distant past of science. For example, some philosophers of ancient India and China, Egypt and Babylon, ancient Central Asia and Greece, among others, believed that some substance or certain element lay at the base of the universe.
作为研究目标,本文提出了神话的分类和世界神话的科学取向,作为解释文化的国家和政治形成的可能性条件,并使用了历史和认知方法。神话是原始宗教想象的一部分。政治领域是发展社会管理原则和技术的领域,是最需要产生有效影响手段的领域,因此其结果具有强烈的神话创造负荷。在政治空间中,神话的大部分特征是感知的可达性和移情的开放性,而不管一个人的年龄、性别、国籍。一切都允许我们得出这样的结论:探索宇宙本质的历史也可以追溯到遥远的科学过去。例如,古代印度和中国、埃及和巴比伦、古代中亚和希腊等国的一些哲学家认为,宇宙的基础是某种物质或某种元素。
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引用次数: 0
Measures to prevent state default under martial law 戒严令下防止国家违约的措施
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2023-05-28 DOI: 10.46398/cuestpol.4177.29
I. Perestyuk, O. Berezovska-Chmil, Ye Bilousov, I. Yakoviyk, Ihor Zhukov
Debt security is especially relevant for developing countries, because they recover from economic shocks longer than developed countries, and the consequences of such shocks are catastrophic for them. Default is one of the most undesirable consequences of defaulting on a debt security, which determines the relevance of the topic under investigation. The aim of the study was to assess the current condition and state policy on the provision of debt security in Ukraine under martial law and to generalize measures to increase debt security and minimize the risk of default. The article used the following methods: economic statistical analysis, structural system approach and abstract logical method. The study found that, with the onset of a large-scale invasion, the share of public debt in Ukraine exceeded the recommended value by about 47 % and increased by more than 58 % compared to 2021. The conclusions of the research propose measures to increase debt security, divided into domestic and international measures.
债务担保对发展中国家尤其重要,因为它们从经济冲击中恢复的时间比发达国家要长,而且这种冲击的后果对它们来说是灾难性的。违约是债务证券违约的最不受欢迎的后果之一,这决定了所调查主题的相关性。该研究的目的是评估在戒严令下乌克兰提供债务担保的现状和国家政策,并概括提高债务担保和尽量减少违约风险的措施。本文采用了经济统计分析法、结构系统法和抽象逻辑法。研究发现,随着大规模入侵的开始,乌克兰的公共债务份额超过了建议值约47%,与2021年相比增加了58%以上。研究结论提出了提高债务安全的措施,分为国内措施和国际措施。
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引用次数: 0
Pensamiento estratégico en la gestión de políticas públicas en escenarios de alta conflictividad social 高社会冲突情景下公共政策管理的战略思考
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2023-05-28 DOI: 10.46398/cuestpol.4177.04
Carmen Amelia Samaniego-Erazo, Jorge Luis Chafla-Granda, Diego Patricio Vallejo-Sánchez, José Gabriel Pilaguano-Mendoza
One of the main aspects to be taken into account in the planning and design of public policies is foresight, a key word that allows a projection of the present moment to various scenarios whose nature can be pessimistic or optimistic, given the characteristics of government policies whose management and duration can be projected in turn: short, medium or long term. The objective of this article is to describe how strategic thinking acts in the process of public policy management in scenarios of high social conflict. An exposition of the main terms that compose the problem is made in order to develop a descriptive analysis of it. The methodology of the study was of the exploratory-descriptive type in terms of its purposes, since it uses qualitative elements and criteria to measure and analyze the variables of the problem posed. Among the conclusions, the importance of the projection of scenarios when designing public policies of central interest for the State is highlighted, which is why these should be formulated from strategic planning, in which strategic thinking is projected as a guide in the decision-making process in scenarios of high conflict.
在公共政策的规划和设计中需要考虑的主要方面之一是远见,这是一个关键字,它允许预测当前时刻的各种情况,其性质可以是悲观的或乐观的,因为政府政策的管理和持续时间可以依次预测:短期、中期或长期。本文的目的是描述在高度社会冲突的情况下,战略思维如何在公共政策管理过程中发挥作用。对构成问题的主要术语进行阐述,以便对问题进行描述性分析。这项研究的方法就其目的而言是探索性-描述性的,因为它使用定性因素和标准来衡量和分析所提出问题的变量。在结论中,强调了在设计国家核心利益的公共政策时预测情景的重要性,这就是为什么这些应该从战略规划中制定的原因,在战略规划中,战略思维被预测为高冲突情景中决策过程的指导。
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引用次数: 0
Criminological Principles of Preventing Professional Deformation among Penitentiary Personnel 预防监狱工作人员职业变形的犯罪学原则
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.46398/cuestpol.4176.21
Y. Streliuk, D. Kolodchyn, Oleksandr Mykhalik, Kostiantyn Podliehaiev, Andrii Bohatyrov
The purpose of the research was to know the most significant personal and functional determinants of the professional deformation in the penitentiary staff. The importance of legal and moral awareness for the performance of operational and service activities, correction and resocialization of convicts is substantiated. It has been proved that a professionally deformed employee knows the legal and moral norms, but complies with them subjectively and arbitrarily and justifies his actions with various circumstances related to the specifics of the psychology and behavior of convicts. The methodological basis of the research is presented as comparative-legal and systematic analysis, formal-legal method, method of interpretation, hermeneutic method, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis. The conclusions identify socio-psychological measures aimed at the prevention of professional deformation of prison staff, among which are: improvement of the system of training, education and professional development; formation and maintenance of a sense of security, confidence in the usefulness and fairness of work. In addition, careful selection of personnel should be carried out taking into account the business qualities and especially the moral qualities of employees, etc.
研究的目的是了解监狱工作人员职业变形的最重要的个人和功能决定因素。法律和道德意识对执行业务和服务活动、罪犯改造和重新融入社会的重要性得到了证实。事实证明,一个职业畸形的员工知道法律和道德规范,但主观和武断地遵守这些规范,并在与罪犯心理和行为细节有关的各种情况下为自己的行为辩护。研究的方法论基础是比较法与系统分析法、形式法、解释法、解释学以及分析与综合法。结论确定了旨在防止监狱工作人员职业变形的社会心理措施,其中包括:改进培训、教育和职业发展制度;形成并保持安全感,对工作的有用性和公平性充满信心。此外,在挑选人员时应考虑到业务素质,特别是员工的道德素质等。
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引用次数: 0
Trends in the development of civil law at the present stage 现阶段民法发展的趋势
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.46398/cuestpol.4176.36
N. Davydova, O. Otradnova, I. Svitlak, Iuliia Baieva, V.V. Hetsko
The purpose of this article was to scientifically analyze the current trends in the development of civil law in the modern reality, on which follow the authors' proposals to improve its evolution and adaptation. The methodological basis of the study included philosophical approaches, as well as general and special scientific methods of knowledge that meet the main objectives and tasks set in the research. According to the results of the study, civil law today is different not only in the application and protection of rights, compared to the original approaches established by the developers of the current Civil Code and, special sectoral legislation, but also in the change in the paradigm of normative and legal regulation. Everything allows to conclude that, in summary, the authors offer specific recommendations for updating the provisions of the Civil Code of Ukraine, which I include also proposals for changes in civil law. Definitely, civic reflection on all the issues raised in this study makes it possible to consider the problems from a new point of view and to offer, accordingly, comprehensive options for their solution, taking into account the prominent place of the Civil Code in these processes.
本文旨在科学分析现代现实中民法发展的趋势,并在此基础上提出完善民法演进与适应的建议。该研究的方法论基础包括哲学方法,以及满足研究中设定的主要目标和任务的一般和特殊科学知识方法。根据研究结果,今天的民法不仅在权利的适用和保护方面与现行民法典和特殊部门立法的制定者所建立的原始方法相比有所不同,而且在规范和法律规制范式的变化上也有所不同。综上所述,作者提出了更新乌克兰民法典条款的具体建议,其中也包括修改民法的建议。当然,对本研究中提出的所有问题的公民反思使人们能够从一个新的角度考虑这些问题,并因此为解决这些问题提供全面的选择,同时考虑到民法典在这些进程中的突出地位。
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引用次数: 0
The role of digital technologies in the public administration sphere 数字技术在公共行政领域的作用
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.46398/cuestpol.4176.11
L. Popova, Bohdan Seniv, V. Korol, Oleksandr Galushko, I. Biriukov
The article is devoted to highlighting the role of digital technologies in the public administration sphere, taking into account the modern experience of the EU countries. The methodological basis of the research is the institutional approach, which provides for ensuring the effectiveness of the interaction between the components of the institutional system and the mechanisms of its implementation and control over the use of digital technologies and makes it possible to create an effective network of relationships between all levels of the system horizontally and vertically, as well as to increase the efficiency of the entire system public administration and the quality of public services. The advantages of the implementation of digital technologies in public administration are highlighted, which makes it possible to: increase the efficiency of public administration, reduce administrative costs, improve the quality of public services and ensure their availability, and reduce the level of corruption. The results of the implementation of digitalization of public services in the EU countries were analyzed in accordance with the program for the implementation of digital measures within the framework of the Recovery and Sustainability Fund. The necessary directions for the activation of the implementation of digital technologies in the public administration system are substantiated.
这篇文章致力于强调数字技术在公共行政领域的作用,同时考虑到欧盟国家的现代经验。研究的方法论基础是制度方法,它规定确保体制系统各组成部分之间的互动及其执行和控制数字技术使用的机制的有效性,并使之有可能在系统的各级之间建立一个有效的横向和纵向关系网络,以及提高整个系统的公共行政效率和公共服务质量。强调了在公共行政中实施数字技术的优势,这使得有可能:提高公共行政效率,降低行政成本,提高公共服务质量并确保其可用性,以及降低腐败程度。根据复苏与可持续发展基金框架内实施数字措施的计划,分析了欧盟国家公共服务数字化的实施结果。在公共行政系统中启用数字技术的必要方向得到了证实。
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引用次数: 0
Socio-philosophical analysis of Ukrainian legal mentality in the context of European integration processes 欧洲一体化背景下乌克兰法律心态的社会哲学分析
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.46398/cuestpol.4176.22
Оleksii Shtepa, S. Kovalenko, O.H. Koban, O. Holovko, V. Aksyonova
The aim of the article was to carry out a socio-philosophical analysis of the legal mentality in the context of European integration processes. Comparative and observational methods were the main methodological tools. The research revealed that the legal mentality of the EU population is characterized by respect for the law, human rights and freedoms. The rights of the individual are recognized as priority over the rights of the state. The Ukrainian legal mentality is characterized by legal nihilism, legal idealism, statism, anomie, detachment from legal culture and ambivalence. It is concluded that, the consolidation of civil society with public authority during the military aggression of the Russian Federation indicates positive changes in the legal mentality. There are some positive changes in the attitude of the EU population towards the future EU membership of Ukraine. Increased legal awareness is a necessary component for the development of Ukraine’s legal mentality. The current achievements embodied in the national and European legal mentality in the EU countries can be guidelines for Ukraine to achieve its goal of European integration.
本文的目的是对欧洲一体化进程中的法律心态进行社会哲学分析。比较和观察方法是主要的方法工具。研究表明,欧盟人民的法律心态的特点是尊重法律、人权和自由。个人的权利被视为优先于国家的权利。乌克兰法律心态具有法律虚无主义、法律理想主义、国家主义、失范、脱离法律文化和矛盾心理等特点。结论是,在俄罗斯联邦军事侵略期间,民间社会与公共权力的结合表明法律心态发生了积极变化。欧盟民众对乌克兰未来加入欧盟的态度发生了一些积极变化。提高法律意识是乌克兰法律心态发展的必要组成部分。欧盟国家目前在国家和欧洲法律心态方面所取得的成就可以为乌克兰实现其欧洲一体化目标提供指导。
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引用次数: 0
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Cuestiones Politicas
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