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Criminal protection of state secrets in Ukraine and EU countries 乌克兰和欧盟国家对国家机密的刑事保护
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.46398/cuestpol.4176.38
V. Oliinyk, L. Herasymenko, O. Tykhonova, Ivan Syvodied, Natalia Holdberh
The aim of the study was to outline the differences between certain aspects of the system of state secrets protection in Ukraine and some countries of the European Union EU, which provides the basis for determining the directions of improvement of the national system of state secrets protection. The following general scientific methods were used in the article: analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, analogy. As a result of the research, the following aspects of criminal protection of state secret in Ukraine and the EU countries identified for comparison were considered: definition of state secret, types of information classified as state secret, levels of secrecy, terms of classification, liability for disclosure of state secret. The methodological contribution of the study are the recommendations for the improvement of certain aspects of the system of state secrets protection in Ukraine. It is concluded that, the direction of future research should also be the disclosure of features and measures to optimize the procedure of security checks of persons having access to classified information.
本研究的目的是概述乌克兰和欧盟一些国家国家国家机密保护制度某些方面的差异,为确定国家机密保护体系的改进方向提供依据。文章采用了分析与综合、演绎与归纳、类比等一般科学方法。研究的结果是,考虑了乌克兰和欧盟国家对国家秘密的刑事保护的以下方面:国家秘密的定义、被归类为国家秘密的信息类型、保密级别、分类条款、披露国家秘密的责任。该研究的方法学贡献是为改进乌克兰国家机密保护制度的某些方面提出建议。结论是,未来研究的方向还应该是披露特征和措施,以优化对接触机密信息的人的安全检查程序。
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引用次数: 0
The right to an enabling environment in the system of public interests of the territorial community within the implementation of the sustainable development goals 在实现可持续发展目标的领土共同体公共利益体系内享有有利环境的权利
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.46398/cuestpol.4176.08
Yevgen Zhadan, O. Bondarchuk, Oleksandr Hladii, T. Minka, T. Alforova
The purpose of the research was to study the essence of the right to an enabling environment in the system of public interests of a territorial society, within the framework of the implementation of the strategy for Sustainable Development in Ukraine. As the main content it is known that the national security strategy of Ukraine identifies corruption among the current and planned threats, which prevents the Ukrainian economy from depressing, makes its sustainable and dynamic growth impossible and, as a result, fuels the criminal environment. The methodological basis of the research is presented as comparative-legal and systematic analysis, formal-legal method, method of interpretation, hermeneutic method, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis. The obtained results allow concluding that, the effectiveness of legal regulation of the implementation and protection of the right to a favorable environment should be directed to the implementation of environmental and economic functions of the state and, fundamentally, to strict adherence to national environmental safety standards.
研究的目的是在乌克兰实施可持续发展战略的框架内,研究领土社会公共利益体系中有利环境权的本质。作为主要内容,众所周知,乌克兰的国家安全战略将腐败列为当前和计划中的威胁之一,这阻止了乌克兰经济的低迷,使其无法实现可持续和充满活力的增长,并因此助长了犯罪环境。研究的方法论基础是比较法与系统分析法、形式法、解释法、解释学以及分析与综合法。所获得的结果可以得出结论,实施和保护有利环境权的法律法规的有效性应该指向国家环境和经济职能的实施,从根本上讲,应该指向严格遵守国家环境安全标准。
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引用次数: 0
History of formation and development of legal guaranteeing of Pharmacia in Ukraine 乌克兰Pharmacia法律保障的形成与发展历史
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.46398/cuestpol.4176.40
Serhii Knysh, Zoryana Knysh, L. Bilovus, O. Homotiuk, P. Kravchuk
The purpose of the article was to characterize the processes related to the genesis of the legal guarantee of the Ukrainian pharmacy. The methodological basis meant a set of general scientific and special legal methods of scientific knowledge, the use of which was determined by the purpose, objectives and specifics of the subject. It has been concluded that the emergence and formation of the legal guarantee of pharmacy has ancient origins, but its development is taking place at the present time, as new standards of Ukrainian pharmacy are still being formed. Four stages in the formation of pharmaceutical relations have been distinguished. It has been emphasized that the current state of the legal guarantee of pharmacy begins its development from the moment when Ukraine gained independence. That led to the emergence of new forms of economic management within the pharmacy, which affected its formation of legal guarantee. In particular, it was necessary to create the system of state control over the quality of medicines. The processes of globalization of the markets of production and sale of medicines required the updating of technologies for the production of drugs by domestic manufacturers.
这篇文章的目的是描述与乌克兰药房法律保障起源有关的过程。方法论基础是指一套关于科学知识的一般科学和特殊法律方法,这些方法的使用取决于主题的目的、目标和具体情况。本文认为,药学法律保障的产生和形成有着悠久的渊源,但其发展发生在当下,乌克兰药学的新标准仍在形成中。医药关系的形成分为四个阶段。已经强调的是,药品法律保障的现状是从乌克兰获得独立的那一刻开始发展的。这导致了药房内部经济管理新形式的出现,影响了其法律保障的形成。特别是,有必要建立国家对药品质量的控制系统。药品生产和销售市场的全球化进程要求更新国内制造商生产药品的技术。
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引用次数: 0
The use of special knowledge in the investigation of violent crimes 在调查暴力犯罪时运用特殊知识
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.46398/cuestpol.4176.13
V. Bondar, Kira Gorelkina, L. Kryvda, Olena Nazaruk, T. Matiushkova
The article is devoted to highlighting the issue of the use of special knowledge in the way of conducting an examination during the investigation of crimes committed with the use of violence. The study illustrates that the proposition that the expert’s participation in the evidence in criminal proceedings is based on the laws and categories of dialectics and formal logic and, moreover, is carried out by combining practical and intellectual activity. Also, the main and atypical types of examinations are distinguished: forensic medical; forensic psychiatric; forensic psychological; forensic biological; ballistics; cold weapons examination; trans- and dactyloscopic. Depending on the investigative situation at the time of the forensic examination and the available evidence, a list of issues to be resolved by the expert is indicated, such as: forensic chemistry during the investigation of violent crimes; forensic and orological; soil science; molecular and other genetic examinations, depending on the type of crime, the situation under investigation and the physical objects available. It was concluded that the theoretical and methodological foundations of such examinations need to be updated and adapted to the latest technology and the best state-of-the-art world experience.
这篇文章致力于强调在调查使用暴力犯下的罪行期间,在进行审查的方式中使用专门知识的问题。研究表明,刑事诉讼中鉴定人参与证据的主张是建立在辩证法和形式逻辑的规律和范畴之上的,是实践活动与智力活动相结合的。此外,还区分了主要检查类型和非典型检查类型:法医检查;法医精神病;法医心理;法医生物;弹道学;冷兵器检查;横指镜和指型镜。根据法医检查时的调查情况和现有证据,列出了专家需要解决的问题清单,例如:在调查暴力犯罪期间的法医化学;法医和地形学;土壤科学;分子和其他基因检查,视犯罪类型、调查情况和现有实物而定。会议的结论是,这种考试的理论和方法基础需要更新和调整,以适应最新的技术和最先进的世界经验。
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引用次数: 0
Observance of individual rights in criminal proceedings during martial law 戒严期间刑事诉讼中对个人权利的遵守
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.46398/cuestpol.4176.28
N. Akhtyrska, O. Kostiuchenko, I. Miroshnykov, L. Dunaievska
The objective of the research was to identify threats to individual rights in criminal proceedings during martial law. The research involved system methods, descriptive analysis, systematic sampling, doctrinal approach and forecasting. Martial law introduced as a result of armed conflict carries important implications for criminal justice. Ensuring the observance of individual rights in criminal proceedings during this period applies to several crimes, the common feature of which is the time of their commission. The classification of subjects of prevention of infringement of such rights is presented. The prospects for improving the protection of individual rights in criminal proceedings require international assistance in the detection of crimes related to the armed conflict. It is concluded that ensuring the observance of individual rights in criminal proceedings during martial law requires combining the efforts of national and international specialists. Prospects for improving this process envisage international assistance with increased use of its results as evidence in national and international courts. It is appropriate to develop international recommendations for national law enforcement agencies and judicial bodies.
研究的目的是确定戒严期间刑事诉讼中对个人权利的威胁。研究涉及系统方法、描述性分析、系统抽样、理论方法和预测。由于武装冲突而实行的戒严令对刑事司法具有重要影响。确保在此期间在刑事诉讼中尊重个人权利适用于若干罪行,其共同特点是犯罪时间。介绍了防止侵犯这类权利的主体的分类。要想在刑事诉讼中改善对个人权利的保护,就需要在侦查与武装冲突有关的罪行方面提供国际援助。结论是,确保在戒严期间的刑事诉讼中尊重个人权利需要国家和国际专家的共同努力。改善这一进程的前景设想提供国际援助,在国家和国际法院更多地利用其结果作为证据。为国家执法机构和司法机构制定国际建议是适当的。
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引用次数: 0
Retos políticos de la radiodifusión en el escenario de la revolución digital 数字革命背景下广播的政治挑战
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.46398/cuestpol.4176.01
The traditional media are currently immersed in an accelerated structural change, driven by the irruption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), which cause the emigration of their audiences towards other forms or modalities of reception and consumption. The appearance and popularization of the so-called social networks in the framework (ICT) brings with it a set of challenges for traditional radios. Consequently, the objective of the research consisted of describing some political challenges of the radio in the scenario of the digital revolution, as a condition of possibility to stop its extension as mass media. To achieve the proposed objective, the phenomenological and hermeneutical methodology was used with a predominance of documentary sources in digital format, which were analyzed and discussed to draw up the conclusions of the study. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the Ecuadorian state does not establish the necessary political guidelines to carry out a systematized and orderly transition from analog to digital broadcasting, which implies a technological backwardness in terms of ICT in the country.
由于信息和通信技术(ICT)的冲击,传统媒体目前正处于加速的结构变化中,这导致其受众向其他形式或模式的接收和消费迁移。所谓框架下的社会网络(ICT)的出现和普及给传统无线电带来了一系列挑战。因此,研究的目的包括描述无线电在数字革命情景中的一些政治挑战,作为可能停止其作为大众媒体扩展的条件。为了实现提出的目标,使用现象学和解释学方法,并以数字格式的文献来源为主导,对其进行分析和讨论,以得出研究结论。所得结果让我们得出结论,厄瓜多尔政府没有建立必要的政治指导方针,以进行从模拟广播到数字广播的系统化和有序过渡,这意味着该国在ICT方面的技术落后。
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引用次数: 0
Protection of consumer rights in Ukraine 乌克兰消费者权益保护
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.46398/cuestpol.4176.34
Liudmyla Mykytenko, Yu. N. Tyshchenko, O. Sevastyanenko, A. Demchuk, Karyna Kolomiiets
The article analyzes the conceptual foundations of the formation of a system of protection of the rights and legitimate interests of consumers. With the help of the dialectical method, a complex of general and special scientific methods, the essence of civil legal protection of consumer rights and organizational, legal and economic aspects of consumer protection have been clarified. The necessity of development and approval of unified standards for rendering financial services to consumers has been demonstrated. The main directions of formation and implementation of the policy of consumer rights protection in the field of trade and provision of financial services, with emphasis on digitalization of relevant legal relations, have also been determined. In the conclusions, the desirability of developing and consolidating, at the normative level, the Comprehensive Program for the Implementation of the State Policy on the Protection of the Rights of Financial Services Consumers for 2023-2027 is substantiated. Finally, arguments were presented to complement the legislation in the field of consumer relations with other normative legal acts in order to guarantee the protection of consumers’ rights.
本文分析了消费者合法权益保护制度形成的概念基础。运用辩证的方法,综合运用一般和特殊的科学方法,明确了消费者权利民事法律保护的本质以及消费者保护的组织、法律和经济方面。制定和批准向消费者提供金融服务的统一标准的必要性已经得到证明。还确定了贸易和金融服务领域消费者权益保护政策形成和实施的主要方向,重点是相关法律关系的数字化。在结论中,在规范层面制定和巩固《2023-2027年金融服务消费者权利保护国家政策实施综合方案》的必要性得到了证实。最后,提出了以其他规范性法律行为来补充消费者关系领域立法,以保障消费者权益保护的观点。
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引用次数: 0
Legal approaches to the regulation of migration processes in the European Union 欧洲联盟移民程序监管的法律途径
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.46398/cuestpol.4176.07
Oleg Todoshchak, Andrii Neugodnikov, L. Valuieva, O. Tsarenko, S. Tsarenko
Using an interpretative methodology, the article examines approaches to the regulation of migration processes in the light of the increasing flow of immigrants to the European Union EU. In this context, two main directions of regulation of migration processes are considered: legal regulation and integration measures. It can be concluded that the international legal regulation of migration processes in the EU is based on adopted and ratified declarations, conventions, covenants and protocols, which form a general international legal basis for the regulation and management of migration processes at the interstate level. Accordingly, the analysis of migration legislation and state border legislation allows distinguishing three types of documents according to their content, which are related to the fight against irregular migration: a) regulatory legal acts determine the model of legal entry and stay of a migrant on the territory of the country; b) law enforcement rules establish responsibilities and regulate the application of other coercive measures in case of violation of migration rules, and; c) documents of organizational content determine the competence of the authorities involved in the process of combating illegal immigration.
本文采用解释性方法,根据越来越多的移民流入欧洲联盟-欧盟的情况,审查了管理移民过程的方法。在这方面,考虑了对移民过程进行监管的两个主要方向:法律监管和融合措施。可以得出的结论是,欧盟对移民过程的国际法律监管是以通过和批准的宣言、公约、公约和议定书为基础的,这些文书构成了在州际一级监管和管理移民过程的一般国际法律基础。因此,通过对移民立法和国家边境立法的分析,可以根据其内容区分与打击非正常移民有关的三类文件:a)监管法律行为决定了移民在该国境内合法入境和停留的模式;b) 执法规则规定了在违反移民规则的情况下的责任并规定了其他强制措施的适用,以及;c) 具有组织属性的文件决定了参与打击非法移民进程的当局的权限。
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引用次数: 0
Globalization of White-Collar Crime: Far and Beyond National Jurisdictions 白领犯罪的全球化:远远超出国家管辖范围
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.46398/cuestpol.4176.03
Y. Lutsenko, Victor Motyl, Anatolii Tarasiuk, V. Areshonkov, Ya.O. Diakin, D. Kamensky
The goal of the paper is to research the modern phenomenon of global white-collar crime, its socially harmful forms and to discuss methods of fighting such criminality internationally. In the course of the research, several general and special scientific methods were used. Special focus was laid on comparing models of enforcing economic crimes in different jurisdictions. A general overview of today’s interconnected economic systems is provided. A link between economic security and national (including information) security is explained. With reference to numerous publications on the issues of white-collar crime it is suggested that this topic is of significant practical meaning to national governments. Based on the example of several white-collar crimes, including tax evasion, money laundering and insider trading, a conclusion was made on the complexity of prosecuting economic offenses, when criminal activity goes beyond any national jurisdiction. Challenges of procedural nature, which relate to investigation and prosecution of such crimes, are discussed as well. As a general conclusion, it is argued that modern phenomenon of economic globalization significantly underlines the importance of the implementation of comparative, multi-jurisdictional research into the field of white-collar crime enforcement.
本文的目的是研究全球白领犯罪的现代现象,其社会危害形式,并讨论国际上打击此类犯罪的方法。在研究过程中,采用了几种一般的和特殊的科学方法。特别着重于比较不同司法管辖区执行经济犯罪的模式。提供了当今相互关联的经济系统的总体概述。解释了经济安全和国家(包括信息)安全之间的联系。参考大量关于白领犯罪问题的出版物,建议这个话题对国家政府具有重要的现实意义。根据包括逃税、洗钱和内幕交易在内的几项白领犯罪的例子,得出了一个结论,即当犯罪活动超出任何国家管辖范围时,起诉经济犯罪的复杂性。还讨论了与调查和起诉这类罪行有关的程序性挑战。作为一个总的结论,本文认为,现代经济全球化现象显著地强调了在白领犯罪执法领域实施比较、多司法管辖区研究的重要性。
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引用次数: 1
Features of understanding social relations in modern law: theoretical, administrative, civil legal regulation 现代法律认识社会关系的特点:理论、行政、民事法律规制
IF 0.7 Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.46398/cuestpol.4176.19
Yu. H. Zaporozhchenko, K. Kolesnykov, H. Tatarenko, A. Fomin, Oksana Zuieva
The purpose of the research was to redefine the concept of social relations from the point of view of its theoretical, administrative and civil aspects of legal regulation, considering, for this purpose, various scientific contributions. The main content is based on the meaning of the concepts of “public relations” and “social relations” as political and legal entities with different paradigmatic essence. The methodological basis of the research was constituted by the comparative-legal and systemic analysis, the formal-legal method, the method of interpretation, hermeneutics and the methods of analysis and synthesis. By way of conclusion the authors have established that the term “public relations” characterizes relations between people, which provide for the unconditional priority of the economy over other spheres of society (political, ideological, cultural), material and symbolic spaces where there is no place for a person with his values, rights and freedoms. At least, the latter do not acquire due regulatory support.
本研究的目的是从法律规范的理论、行政和民事方面重新定义社会关系的概念,并为此考虑到各种科学贡献。主要内容是基于“公共关系”和“社会关系”这两个概念作为具有不同范式本质的政治和法律实体的含义。研究的方法论基础是比较法与系统分析法、形式法、解释法、解释学以及分析与综合法。作为结论,作者已经确定,“公共关系”一词是人与人之间关系的特征,它规定经济无条件优先于社会的其他领域(政治、意识形态、文化)、物质和象征空间,在这些领域,一个人的价值观、权利和自由没有立足之地。至少,后者没有得到应有的监管支持。
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引用次数: 1
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Cuestiones Politicas
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