Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33096/tamaddun.v21i2.266
Anthony Great Ossa
Unqualified teachers, a lack of financing, and the absence of or limited availability of some essential educational facilities are issues encountered in the implementation of education policy. A descriptive research method was used. The purpose of this research is to investigate the challenges and opportunities of educational policy implementation in Delta State public secondary schools. The population consisted of all principals and teachers. The sample size was 62 principals and 260 teachers. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study, and the tool for data collection was a questionnaire. The mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while the hypotheses were tested using the Z-test. Findings showed that challenges in implementing education policies include underfunding, irregular classroom supervision, and so on. Among others, it recommended that the government should increase annual budget allocations to education and regular visits to schools by inspectors and supervisors.
{"title":"Implementation of Education Policy in Secondary Schools in Delta State: Challenges and Future Directions","authors":"Anthony Great Ossa","doi":"10.33096/tamaddun.v21i2.266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33096/tamaddun.v21i2.266","url":null,"abstract":"Unqualified teachers, a lack of financing, and the absence of or limited availability of some essential educational facilities are issues encountered in the implementation of education policy. A descriptive research method was used. The purpose of this research is to investigate the challenges and opportunities of educational policy implementation in Delta State public secondary schools. The population consisted of all principals and teachers. The sample size was 62 principals and 260 teachers. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study, and the tool for data collection was a questionnaire. The mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while the hypotheses were tested using the Z-test. Findings showed that challenges in implementing education policies include underfunding, irregular classroom supervision, and so on. Among others, it recommended that the government should increase annual budget allocations to education and regular visits to schools by inspectors and supervisors.","PeriodicalId":40895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Tamaddun","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83801666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33096/tamaddun.v21i2.216
Sri Wahyuni Thamrin, Andi Eritme Yustika Abrar, Yuliartati Yuliartati
One of the major problems faced by Indonesian young learners when learning English grammar is being difficult to memorize sentence pattern with present tense. Grouping with vertical and horizontal lines were believed as an effective memory strategy to memorize the sentence pattern. Therefore, this study targeted to explore whether or not the use of memory strategy was applicable for students when constructing sentences. The research used quasi-experimental design. Each of the classes consisted of 10 participants chosen through total purposive sampling technique. Statistical technique using SPSS program was applied to confirm the hypotheisis. Based on the test of normality, it was found that the probability value of 0.134 is greater than the significance level of 0.05. This indicated that the data were in a normal distribution. Therefore, test of significance was done through parametric test and it showed that the significance value of 0.025 was equal to the probability level of 0.025, which means that there is no significant difference between experimental and control groups’ ability. In conclusion, the use of vertical and horizontal lines were not more effective in improving the students’ grammar skills than the conventional strategy. However, the strategy can be further developed and applied in teaching students with intermediate level.
{"title":"Exploring The Effect of Memory Strategies On Students’ Grammar Skills: Indonesian Learner Context","authors":"Sri Wahyuni Thamrin, Andi Eritme Yustika Abrar, Yuliartati Yuliartati","doi":"10.33096/tamaddun.v21i2.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33096/tamaddun.v21i2.216","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major problems faced by Indonesian young learners when learning English grammar is being difficult to memorize sentence pattern with present tense. Grouping with vertical and horizontal lines were believed as an effective memory strategy to memorize the sentence pattern. Therefore, this study targeted to explore whether or not the use of memory strategy was applicable for students when constructing sentences. The research used quasi-experimental design. Each of the classes consisted of 10 participants chosen through total purposive sampling technique. Statistical technique using SPSS program was applied to confirm the hypotheisis. Based on the test of normality, it was found that the probability value of 0.134 is greater than the significance level of 0.05. This indicated that the data were in a normal distribution. Therefore, test of significance was done through parametric test and it showed that the significance value of 0.025 was equal to the probability level of 0.025, which means that there is no significant difference between experimental and control groups’ ability. In conclusion, the use of vertical and horizontal lines were not more effective in improving the students’ grammar skills than the conventional strategy. However, the strategy can be further developed and applied in teaching students with intermediate level. ","PeriodicalId":40895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Tamaddun","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80682050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.33096/tamaddun.v21i2.215
M. Huda
The objective of the study is to find the realization of Adverb -ly in sentences. This study is descriptive qualitative which is carried out through the process of providing data, the data analysis stage, and the systematic stage of presenting the results of data analysis. In the data analysis stage, the data that has been collected is sorted according to their respective categories and given further descriptions and explanations. The result shows 1. The position of the adverb –ly can be placed in three positions, the beginning of the sentence (before the subject), the middle of the sentence (before the verb), and the end of the sentence (after the main clause). 2. Adverb –ly in a sentence can modify if it is in the form of a phrase, in the construction of comparative sentences, modifying 'however' to open a clause, modifying 'how' in an exclamation sentence, and modifying 'so' which is followed by the subject. and clauses. 3. Based on its semantic meaning the adverb -ly can have several meanings: point of view, as an emphasizer, as a maximiser, as a booster, as a minimizer, and as instrument. The research answers the realization of the adverb –ly can be in various places in English sentences, but the semantic meaning can be different. The present study implicates on adverbs having distinct semantic orientations, which provides natural reference materials for teaching and learning English in the EFL context.
{"title":"The Realization of Adverb –Ly in English Sentences","authors":"M. Huda","doi":"10.33096/tamaddun.v21i2.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33096/tamaddun.v21i2.215","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study is to find the realization of Adverb -ly in sentences. This study is descriptive qualitative which is carried out through the process of providing data, the data analysis stage, and the systematic stage of presenting the results of data analysis. In the data analysis stage, the data that has been collected is sorted according to their respective categories and given further descriptions and explanations. The result shows 1. The position of the adverb –ly can be placed in three positions, the beginning of the sentence (before the subject), the middle of the sentence (before the verb), and the end of the sentence (after the main clause). 2. Adverb –ly in a sentence can modify if it is in the form of a phrase, in the construction of comparative sentences, modifying 'however' to open a clause, modifying 'how' in an exclamation sentence, and modifying 'so' which is followed by the subject. and clauses. 3. Based on its semantic meaning the adverb -ly can have several meanings: point of view, as an emphasizer, as a maximiser, as a booster, as a minimizer, and as instrument. The research answers the realization of the adverb –ly can be in various places in English sentences, but the semantic meaning can be different. The present study implicates on adverbs having distinct semantic orientations, which provides natural reference materials for teaching and learning English in the EFL context.","PeriodicalId":40895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Tamaddun","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84872940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the concept and practice of scholarly writing among Muslim scholars, with a special reference to 'Abdul Rahman Ibn Khaldun (d.1406). The research draws on a textual analysis of Ibn Khaldun’s Muqaddimah and other early Muslim works regarding the craft of writing while addressing the broader, wider context of writing ethicality and its influence on social consciousness. This study discusses the worldview and ethics of writing, concepts, and terminologies, sources and objectives, investigation, and styles of presentation according. This research demonstrates that Ibn Khaldun’s writing methodology and style continue to stand as a prime example for scholarship in the social sciences and that his spiritual beliefs and value system served to further enhance the originality and rigor of his writing and conceptual schemes. Further inductive research conducted across a larger body of Muslim literature will bring about interesting insights on the relationship between spirituality and research writing, as well as the historical contribution of Muslim authors to the advancement of universal knowledge.
本研究考察了穆斯林学者学术写作的概念和实践，特别参考了Abdul Rahman Ibn Khaldun（d.1406）。本研究借鉴了对Ibn Khardun的《穆卡迪玛》和其他早期穆斯林作品关于写作技巧的文本分析，同时探讨了写作伦理及其对社会意识的影响这一更广泛、更广泛的背景。本研究讨论了写作的世界观和伦理、概念和术语、来源和目的、调查和呈现风格。这项研究表明，伊本·哈尔顿的写作方法和风格仍然是社会科学学术的典范，他的精神信仰和价值体系有助于进一步提高他的写作和概念方案的独创性和严谨性。对更广泛的穆斯林文学进行进一步的归纳研究，将对精神与研究写作之间的关系，以及穆斯林作家对普及知识的历史贡献，带来有趣的见解。
{"title":"Ethics in Muslim Writing and Research Methodology: The Case of Ibn Khaldun's Scholarly Writing","authors":"Salah Machouche, Benaouda Bensaid","doi":"10.22452/jat.vol17no2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol17no2.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the concept and practice of scholarly writing among Muslim scholars, with a special reference to 'Abdul Rahman Ibn Khaldun (d.1406). The research draws on a textual analysis of Ibn Khaldun’s Muqaddimah and other early Muslim works regarding the craft of writing while addressing the broader, wider context of writing ethicality and its influence on social consciousness. This study discusses the worldview and ethics of writing, concepts, and terminologies, sources and objectives, investigation, and styles of presentation according. This research demonstrates that Ibn Khaldun’s writing methodology and style continue to stand as a prime example for scholarship in the social sciences and that his spiritual beliefs and value system served to further enhance the originality and rigor of his writing and conceptual schemes. Further inductive research conducted across a larger body of Muslim literature will bring about interesting insights on the relationship between spirituality and research writing, as well as the historical contribution of Muslim authors to the advancement of universal knowledge.","PeriodicalId":40895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Tamaddun","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48892159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.22452/jat.vol17no2.20
Muhammad Amir Gazdar, Mohammed Abullais Al-Khairabadi
This research is a comparative and analytical study that focuses on the ruling for a Muslim woman to be confined to her home. The researchers present the differences of opinion among classical and contemporary scholars on the issue, discuss their opinions along with comparison and analysis of the reasoning proffered and explains the intellectually convincing view on the issue. Furthermore, the researchers examine in depth the degrees of veracity and authenticity of aḥādīth of the Prophet (sws) that the scholars adduce in their contestations. In this regard, the researchers have used two approaches: the first is the comparative one and second is an analytical one. The researchers conclude that the opinion of the scholars who say that it is not permissible in Islam for Muslim women to leave their houses, go out for work and travel for their studies, is inauthentic and incorrect. This view is neither proven from the Qur’anic text, nor the Prophetic traditions. Moreover, it is against the common practice of the female companions of the Prophets (sws) at the time of his prophethood. Rather, it is verified that the Qur’anic injunction of staying at home was specific to the wives of the Prophet (sws) and it was imposed on them due to certain specific reasons. Therefore, it would not be appropriate at all to generalize this special directive and extend it to other ordinary Muslim women. It is not related to them. So, according to the intellectually convincing view of the scholars, it is permissible for Muslim women to go out of their houses for their daily life needs and necessities as the female companions of the Prophet used to do at the time of his prophethood. They just need to comply with the etiquette and provisions of the Qur’an. These include guarding the gaze from taking liberty, wearing decent and modest attire and avoiding exhibition of adornments worn on limbs other than the face, hands and feet on the occasions of male-female interaction, as is mentioned in Sūrah al-Nūr.
{"title":"نزاع العلماء في حكم ملازمة البيت للمرأة المسلمة سلفًا وخلفًا","authors":"Muhammad Amir Gazdar, Mohammed Abullais Al-Khairabadi","doi":"10.22452/jat.vol17no2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol17no2.20","url":null,"abstract":"This research is a comparative and analytical study that focuses on the ruling for a Muslim woman to be confined to her home. The researchers present the differences of opinion among classical and contemporary scholars on the issue, discuss their opinions along with comparison and analysis of the reasoning proffered and explains the intellectually convincing view on the issue. Furthermore, the researchers examine in depth the degrees of veracity and authenticity of aḥādīth of the Prophet (sws) that the scholars adduce in their contestations. In this regard, the researchers have used two approaches: the first is the comparative one and second is an analytical one. The researchers conclude that the opinion of the scholars who say that it is not permissible in Islam for Muslim women to leave their houses, go out for work and travel for their studies, is inauthentic and incorrect. This view is neither proven from the Qur’anic text, nor the Prophetic traditions. Moreover, it is against the common practice of the female companions of the Prophets (sws) at the time of his prophethood. Rather, it is verified that the Qur’anic injunction of staying at home was specific to the wives of the Prophet (sws) and it was imposed on them due to certain specific reasons. Therefore, it would not be appropriate at all to generalize this special directive and extend it to other ordinary Muslim women. It is not related to them. So, according to the intellectually convincing view of the scholars, it is permissible for Muslim women to go out of their houses for their daily life needs and necessities as the female companions of the Prophet used to do at the time of his prophethood. They just need to comply with the etiquette and provisions of the Qur’an. These include guarding the gaze from taking liberty, wearing decent and modest attire and avoiding exhibition of adornments worn on limbs other than the face, hands and feet on the occasions of male-female interaction, as is mentioned in Sūrah al-Nūr.","PeriodicalId":40895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Tamaddun","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46901885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Norazilawati Abd Wahab, Ruzaini Sulaiman @ Abd. Rahim, Arba’iyah Mohd Noor, Mohd Firdaus Abdullah, Noraini Mohamed Hassan
The concern felt by Sultan Zainal Abidin III (1881-1918) (“the Sultan”) over the entry of a British agent in Terengganu pursuant to the agreement entered into between Terengganu and Great Britain on 22 April 1910 had led to the enactment of Itqân al-Mulûk bi Ta’dîl Al-sulûk, or the Law for the Self-Government of Terengganu, on 2 November 1911. The Sultan attempted to protect Terengganu from foreign interference despite having to abide by the terms of the said agreement, which required a British agent to be stationed in Terengganu. The establishment of the said law appears to be an attempt to maintain the dominance of the local government in Terengganu’s governmental system, and this move also affected its socio-economic development throughout the stated period. The interesting element about this law is the presence of a very strong Islamic influence, which shows that the Sultan strictly adhered to the teachings of Islam during his reign in Terengganu. This study aimed to analyse the extent to which the presence of British agents in Terengganu had influenced the actions and thinking of Sultan Zainal Abidin III in enacting and establishing Itqân al-Mulûk bi Ta’dîl Al-sulûk. It also aimed to examine how far Itqân al-Mulûk bi Ta’dîl Al-sulûk played a role in empowering the political and socio-economic sectors in Terengganu during the specified period and the extent to which the teachings of Islam embedded within it were used to protect and preserve the sovereignty of Terengganu against British intervention at the time. This research adopted a qualitative method that involved the collection and analysis of data from primary sources obtained from the Terengganu State Museum and the National Archives of Malaysia, such as the Manuscript of Itqân al-Mulûk bi Ta’dîl Al-sulûk, CO 840/1 (Terengganu Administration Report, 1910-1930), CO 840/2 (Terengganu Administration Report 1931-1940), The Terengganu Secretary of State File, and the Terengganu British Advisor File. In addition, secondary sources such as journals, books, chapters of books, and magazines were also used to further reinforce the study conducted. The findings proved that the enactment of Itqân al-Mulûk bi Ta’dîl Al-sulûk managed to fortify the political system in Terengganu, which projected a very strong image of Islam. In fact, it is this strengthening of the political system which led to the development of the economy, due to the availability of stable sources of income for the Malay farmers and female entrepreneurs at the time.
苏丹扎伊纳尔·阿比丁三世（1881-1918）（“苏丹”）对一名英国特工根据1910年4月22日登加奴与大不列颠签订的协议进入登加奴感到关切，导致1911年11月2日颁布了《登加奴自治法》。苏丹试图保护登加奴免受外国干涉，尽管必须遵守上述协议的条款，该协议要求一名英国特工驻扎在登加奴。上述法律的制定似乎是为了保持地方政府在丁加奴政府体系中的主导地位，这一举措也影响了丁加奴在整个时期的社会经济发展。这项法律的有趣之处在于存在着非常强大的伊斯兰影响，这表明苏丹在登加奴统治期间严格遵守伊斯兰教的教义。本研究旨在分析英国特工在登加奴的存在在多大程度上影响了苏丹扎伊纳尔·阿比丁三世在制定和建立伊斯兰圣战组织时的行动和思想。它还旨在研究Itqân al-Mulûk bi Ta’dîl al sulûk在特定时期为登加奴的政治和社会经济部门赋权方面发挥了多大作用，以及嵌入其中的伊斯兰教教义在多大程度上被用来保护和维护登加奴主权，使其免受当时英国的干预。这项研究采用了一种定性方法，包括收集和分析从马来西亚登加奴州立博物馆和国家档案馆获得的主要来源的数据，如Itqân al-Mulûk bi Ta’dîl al sulûk手稿，CO 840/1（登加奴行政报告，1910-1930），CO 840/2（登加努行政报告，1931-1940），登嘉奴州务卿档案和登嘉奴英国顾问档案。此外，期刊、书籍、书籍章节和杂志等次要来源也被用来进一步加强所进行的研究。调查结果证明，《穆鲁克法案》的颁布成功地巩固了登加奴的政治制度，这突出了伊斯兰教的强烈形象。事实上，正是这种政治制度的加强导致了经济的发展，因为当时马来农民和女企业家有稳定的收入来源。
{"title":"Itqan al-Muluk bi Ta’dil as-Suluk: The Implication of Terengganu Institution 1911 Promulgation","authors":"Norazilawati Abd Wahab, Ruzaini Sulaiman @ Abd. Rahim, Arba’iyah Mohd Noor, Mohd Firdaus Abdullah, Noraini Mohamed Hassan","doi":"10.22452/jat.vol17no2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol17no2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The concern felt by Sultan Zainal Abidin III (1881-1918) (“the Sultan”) over the entry of a British agent in Terengganu pursuant to the agreement entered into between Terengganu and Great Britain on 22 April 1910 had led to the enactment of Itqân al-Mulûk bi Ta’dîl Al-sulûk, or the Law for the Self-Government of Terengganu, on 2 November 1911. The Sultan attempted to protect Terengganu from foreign interference despite having to abide by the terms of the said agreement, which required a British agent to be stationed in Terengganu. The establishment of the said law appears to be an attempt to maintain the dominance of the local government in Terengganu’s governmental system, and this move also affected its socio-economic development throughout the stated period. The interesting element about this law is the presence of a very strong Islamic influence, which shows that the Sultan strictly adhered to the teachings of Islam during his reign in Terengganu. This study aimed to analyse the extent to which the presence of British agents in Terengganu had influenced the actions and thinking of Sultan Zainal Abidin III in enacting and establishing Itqân al-Mulûk bi Ta’dîl Al-sulûk. It also aimed to examine how far Itqân al-Mulûk bi Ta’dîl Al-sulûk played a role in empowering the political and socio-economic sectors in Terengganu during the specified period and the extent to which the teachings of Islam embedded within it were used to protect and preserve the sovereignty of Terengganu against British intervention at the time. This research adopted a qualitative method that involved the collection and analysis of data from primary sources obtained from the Terengganu State Museum and the National Archives of Malaysia, such as the Manuscript of Itqân al-Mulûk bi Ta’dîl Al-sulûk, CO 840/1 (Terengganu Administration Report, 1910-1930), CO 840/2 (Terengganu Administration Report 1931-1940), The Terengganu Secretary of State File, and the Terengganu British Advisor File. In addition, secondary sources such as journals, books, chapters of books, and magazines were also used to further reinforce the study conducted. The findings proved that the enactment of Itqân al-Mulûk bi Ta’dîl Al-sulûk managed to fortify the political system in Terengganu, which projected a very strong image of Islam. In fact, it is this strengthening of the political system which led to the development of the economy, due to the availability of stable sources of income for the Malay farmers and female entrepreneurs at the time.","PeriodicalId":40895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Tamaddun","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49388454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.22452/jat.vol17no2.12
A. Wazir, S. Dawar, Hamayun A. Khan, Abda Khalid
Abdur Rehman Ibn Khaldun was born on May 27, 1332, in Tunis into an Arab family of the Hadramaut which had first migrated to Spain, then to Morocco, and finally settled in Tunisia. He received a thorough education in theology and philosophy at the University (madrasa) of Tunis. At the age of twenty, he entered upon his chequered career, beginning as a secretary to the Sultan of Tunis. He served in various capacities and thus gained a versatile experience that helped him widening his understanding of human nature and political systems. Indeed, he was a prolific writer and scholar by leaving rich treatises on sociology, economics, history, politics, philosophy, and other disciplines. He propounded the theory of Asabiyyah: stemming out from blood lineage, common interests, common geography, and religion as a binding force and an ultimate factor of causing upswing and tumble to a dynasty or a state and thus he provided solid foundations to understand systematically the phenomenon of the rise and fall of dynasties and establishment of states and the factors which bring an ultimate decline to it. An attempt has been made in this article whilst applying this theory of Asabiyyah on the rise and fall of Mughals in South Asia. Founded by Babur in 1526, the Mughal Empire in India is divided into five periods as per the stages of Ibn Khaldun's theory of Asabiyyah and each period is presented analytically particularly in terms of the Asabiyyah. Thus, this article presented the Khaldun’s cycle of the dynasty on the Mughal Empire who fulfilled its five stages on the soil of India.
{"title":"Ibn Khaldun Theory of Asabiyyah and the Rise and Fall of the Mughals in South Asia","authors":"A. Wazir, S. Dawar, Hamayun A. Khan, Abda Khalid","doi":"10.22452/jat.vol17no2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol17no2.12","url":null,"abstract":"Abdur Rehman Ibn Khaldun was born on May 27, 1332, in Tunis into an Arab family of the Hadramaut which had first migrated to Spain, then to Morocco, and finally settled in Tunisia. He received a thorough education in theology and philosophy at the University (madrasa) of Tunis. At the age of twenty, he entered upon his chequered career, beginning as a secretary to the Sultan of Tunis. He served in various capacities and thus gained a versatile experience that helped him widening his understanding of human nature and political systems. Indeed, he was a prolific writer and scholar by leaving rich treatises on sociology, economics, history, politics, philosophy, and other disciplines. He propounded the theory of Asabiyyah: stemming out from blood lineage, common interests, common geography, and religion as a binding force and an ultimate factor of causing upswing and tumble to a dynasty or a state and thus he provided solid foundations to understand systematically the phenomenon of the rise and fall of dynasties and establishment of states and the factors which bring an ultimate decline to it. An attempt has been made in this article whilst applying this theory of Asabiyyah on the rise and fall of Mughals in South Asia. Founded by Babur in 1526, the Mughal Empire in India is divided into five periods as per the stages of Ibn Khaldun's theory of Asabiyyah and each period is presented analytically particularly in terms of the Asabiyyah. Thus, this article presented the Khaldun’s cycle of the dynasty on the Mughal Empire who fulfilled its five stages on the soil of India.","PeriodicalId":40895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Tamaddun","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42203919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.22452/jat.vol17no2.22
H. Çaksen
David Samuel Margoliouth (1858-1940), an English orientalist, was briefly active as a priest in the Church of England. He was Laudian Professor of Arabic at the University of Oxford from 1889 to 1937. “Mohammedanism” is a book written by David Samuel Margoliouth. The book included seven chapters as follows: “The Islamic World,” “Mohammed and The Koran,” “The Islamic State,” “Islamic Theory and Practice,” “Islamic Sects,” “Preachers, Saints, and Orders” and “Islamic Art, Literature, and Science Bibliography.”
David Samuel Margoliouth(1858-1940)，英国东方学家，曾短暂活跃于英国国教。1889年至1937年，他在牛津大学担任阿拉伯语劳丁教授。《伊斯兰教》是大卫·塞缪尔·马戈利奥斯写的一本书。该书包括以下七个章节:“伊斯兰世界”、“穆罕默德与古兰经”、“伊斯兰国”、“伊斯兰理论与实践”、“伊斯兰教派”、“传教士、圣徒与教团”和“伊斯兰艺术、文学与科学参考书目”。
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Conservatism is a political philosophy that tends to preserve traditions and reject drastic change. Türkiye has a long experience of political conservatism due to the Kemalists’ radical secularization. The Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi-AK PARTİ) is an entity that recently champions political conservatism in Türkiye. Despite having many differences, Türkiye and Malaysia share similarities as progressive, modern, and democratic Muslim countries. This paper aims to discuss AK PARTİ’s political conservatism and analyze to what extent it can be made as an example for the sustainability of Islam in Malaysia. To fulfill this objective, primary and secondary sources related to AK PARTİ’s conservatism discourse have been referred to be used as the basis of analysis of lessons that can be taken for the sustainability of Islam in Malaysia. The comparative analysis method has also been used to compare the context of Türkiye and Malaysia to understand the limitations of lessons that Malaysia can learn based on the experience of conservatism in Türkiye. As a party with a conservative democratic ideology, AK PARTİ manages to uphold political conservatism within the context of modern democracy. This success results from a synthesis between the demands of conservatism and democracy. The political conservatism in Türkiye can be made as an example for Malaysia, especially in preserving Islam as the federal religion, the existence of the king institution, the Malay-Muslim identity, and the true essence of Islam as a societal-unifying force. This paper argues that in the Malaysia context, conservatism is an important political philosophy to be upheld in order to preserve the harmony and stability of the plural society.
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Saimi Bujang, Abdul Razak Abdul Kadir, Noranizah Yusuf, Fatimah Hamrie, Wan Ariffin Wan Yon
Kertas ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan secara sepintas lalu tentang kewujudan dan perlaksanaan perundangan Islam sepanjang tempoh pemerintahan Brooke di Sarawak. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan historiografi iaitu penulisan sejarah, prinsip atau kaedah penulisan sejarah dan karya atau hasil penulisan yang berkaitan dengan perundangan Islam Sarawak sepanjang tempoh pemerintahan Brooke. Pendekatan kajian historiografi yang digunakan dalam kajian ini melalui empat langkah, iaitu; heuristik; kritikan sumber; interpretasi; dan historiografi. Masalah yang dijawab dalam kertas ini adalah berkaitan dengan kewujudan perundangan Islam sepanjang tempoh pemerintahan Brooke. Manuskrip, catatan Brooke dan catatan pegawai British dari Barat berkaitan dengan perundangan Islam di Sarawak sepanjang pemerintahan Brooke dikumpul, dikritik dan diinterpretasikan bagi menghasilkan pensejarahan baru tentang perkembangan perundangan Islam di negeri Sarawak. Kesemua maklumat yang diperolehi daripada bahan-bahan sejarah dilakukan semak silang (cross check) atau jejak audit (audit trail) bagi menguji kesahan maklumat tersebut. Pendekatan analisis induktif dan deduktif digunakan dalam analisis kandungan bahan-bahan sejarah bagi memberi makna kepada fakta-fakta sejarah yang dijumpai. Kajian ini berjaya menjelaskan tentang kewujudan dan perlaksanaan perundangan Islam dari mula era pemerintahan James Brooke sehingga Rajah Brooke terakhir di Sarawak. Bahan-bahan sejarah tersebut juga berjaya membuktikan bahawa kewujudan dan perlaksanaan perundangan Islam tersebut adalah hasil daripada warisan kerajaan-kerajaan yang terdapat di Sarawak sebelum perlantikan James Brooke sebagai Gabenor Sarawak pada tahun 1841.
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