Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.22452/jat.vol17no2.21
Asmady Idris
Arnold’s book offers a balanced analysis and an alternative perspective for those who seek to find the truth about Islam. It has 13 chapters (including introduction and conclusion) and each chapter covers almost all regions that had interacted with Islam. The story line of the book begins with how Islam first established in Mecca and Medina, and later it spreads to all Arabian Peninsula and other corners of the earth encompassing western Asia, Africa, Spain Andalusia, central Asia, China, India, and Malay Archipelago. In the time of writing in 1896, Prof Arnold estimated that there were about 200 million of the followers of Islam. The references used in this book range from Arabic, Dutch, English, French and other sources.The main strength of this book is it reveals with an avalanche data of how Islam peacefully spread to many places in the world. Professor Arnold has laid down the very fundamental vigour of Islam which is not entirely depending on the Muslim physical empires and dynasties but it solidly rests on its ‘spiritual conquests’, that is, da’wah conveying the message of Islam that went on uninterruptedly by the Muslim missionaries.
{"title":"Thomas W. Arnold (2012). The Spread of Islam in the World: A History of Peaceful Preaching. New Delhi: Goodword Books. 467 pages. [ISBN: 8187570229]","authors":"Asmady Idris","doi":"10.22452/jat.vol17no2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol17no2.21","url":null,"abstract":"Arnold’s book offers a balanced analysis and an alternative perspective for those who seek to find the truth about Islam. It has 13 chapters (including introduction and conclusion) and each chapter covers almost all regions that had interacted with Islam. The story line of the book begins with how Islam first established in Mecca and Medina, and later it spreads to all Arabian Peninsula and other corners of the earth encompassing western Asia, Africa, Spain Andalusia, central Asia, China, India, and Malay Archipelago. In the time of writing in 1896, Prof Arnold estimated that there were about 200 million of the followers of Islam. The references used in this book range from Arabic, Dutch, English, French and other sources.The main strength of this book is it reveals with an avalanche data of how Islam peacefully spread to many places in the world. Professor Arnold has laid down the very fundamental vigour of Islam which is not entirely depending on the Muslim physical empires and dynasties but it solidly rests on its ‘spiritual conquests’, that is, da’wah conveying the message of Islam that went on uninterruptedly by the Muslim missionaries.","PeriodicalId":40895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Tamaddun","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49456852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study discusses the reconceptualization of al-ḍarūriyyah al-khamsah in a transitive Islamic perspective. In formulation of al-ḍarūriyyah al-khamsah has not been explained who is most responsible for the efforts to maintain and protect the al-ḍarūriyyah al-khams? Is each individual? Or a certain authority in a society such as the government of a country? Likewise, is the related issue only limited to maintenance without formulating a fulfillment question?. This research is a library research whose data is extracted from written sources. The research approach used is a transitive Islamic approach that emphasizes the universality aspect of Islam and seeks to connect benefit to the reality of human life. This paper proposes the concept of al-ḍarūriyyah al-khamsah with several developments, namely protecting life (hifz al-hayat), protecting love (hifz al-Mahabbah), protecting loyalty (hifz al-wafa'), protecting dignity (hifz al-‘aradh) and protecting welfare (hifz al-Syu'un al-Ijtima'iyah).
{"title":"Discourse on Universal Religious Values: A Contemporary Paradigm from an Islamic Transitive Perspective","authors":"Ansari Yamamah","doi":"10.22452/jat.vol17no2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol17no2.8","url":null,"abstract":"This study discusses the reconceptualization of al-ḍarūriyyah al-khamsah in a transitive Islamic perspective. In formulation of al-ḍarūriyyah al-khamsah has not been explained who is most responsible for the efforts to maintain and protect the al-ḍarūriyyah al-khams? Is each individual? Or a certain authority in a society such as the government of a country? Likewise, is the related issue only limited to maintenance without formulating a fulfillment question?. This research is a library research whose data is extracted from written sources. The research approach used is a transitive Islamic approach that emphasizes the universality aspect of Islam and seeks to connect benefit to the reality of human life. This paper proposes the concept of al-ḍarūriyyah al-khamsah with several developments, namely protecting life (hifz al-hayat), protecting love (hifz al-Mahabbah), protecting loyalty (hifz al-wafa'), protecting dignity (hifz al-‘aradh) and protecting welfare (hifz al-Syu'un al-Ijtima'iyah).","PeriodicalId":40895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Tamaddun","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43609362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.22452/jat.vol17no2.18
Iyad S. S. Abujaber
The article discusses the possible scenarios in the event that the position of the President of the Palestinian Authority (PA) becomes vacant, in light of the absence of an institutional structure of the PA, legal justifications or political solutions that can be relied on, if Palestinian parties choose to resort to the democratic path, to elect a new president, or even bring a successor to the President of the PA, who enjoys popular and regional acceptance. Due to the difficulty of predicting the post-Mahmoud Abbas era, and the absence of any signs or indicators to anticipate the next stage and considering the persistence of the internal Palestinian division including that of the Fatah movement, and the emergence of new political currents, the author applies the scenario approach by presenting a set of possible scenarios, based on the available data and information discussed in some detail in the article. The article presents a theoretical and descriptive reading of the developments of the history of the PA, focusing on legal mechanisms through which the president of the PA is chosen, analyzing, and linking these mechanisms to the current reality of the PA through discussing the most important challenges facing the succession of Abbas. This is done based on the severe divisions within the Fatah movement, and its declining popularity, as well as the influence of regional and international parties. The article relies on many Arab, English, and Hebrew academic sources. It also includes interviews with a group of experts and specialists in Palestinian affairs. With the analysis of each possible scenario for the future of the PA after Abbas, the author concludes that the fourth scenario is most possible and realistic one, which suggests that Palestinians will be able to reach a consensus on a person to lead the PA after Abbas, especially since the absence of consensus could lead to more disintegration and internal fighting.
{"title":"The Palestinian Authority after Mahmoud Abbas: Anticipation for the Future","authors":"Iyad S. S. Abujaber","doi":"10.22452/jat.vol17no2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol17no2.18","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the possible scenarios in the event that the position of the President of the Palestinian Authority (PA) becomes vacant, in light of the absence of an institutional structure of the PA, legal justifications or political solutions that can be relied on, if Palestinian parties choose to resort to the democratic path, to elect a new president, or even bring a successor to the President of the PA, who enjoys popular and regional acceptance. Due to the difficulty of predicting the post-Mahmoud Abbas era, and the absence of any signs or indicators to anticipate the next stage and considering the persistence of the internal Palestinian division including that of the Fatah movement, and the emergence of new political currents, the author applies the scenario approach by presenting a set of possible scenarios, based on the available data and information discussed in some detail in the article. The article presents a theoretical and descriptive reading of the developments of the history of the PA, focusing on legal mechanisms through which the president of the PA is chosen, analyzing, and linking these mechanisms to the current reality of the PA through discussing the most important challenges facing the succession of Abbas. This is done based on the severe divisions within the Fatah movement, and its declining popularity, as well as the influence of regional and international parties. The article relies on many Arab, English, and Hebrew academic sources. It also includes interviews with a group of experts and specialists in Palestinian affairs. With the analysis of each possible scenario for the future of the PA after Abbas, the author concludes that the fourth scenario is most possible and realistic one, which suggests that Palestinians will be able to reach a consensus on a person to lead the PA after Abbas, especially since the absence of consensus could lead to more disintegration and internal fighting.","PeriodicalId":40895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Tamaddun","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46394204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.22452/jat.vol17no2.19
Siti Fathihah Abd Latif, Mahani Musa
This article examines the Majlis Agama Islam dan Adat Istiadat Melayu Kelantan (MAIK) administration of Malay schools in the state of Kelantan from 1917 until the end of British colonial rule in 1957. This involvement is examined through two of its schools, the Maahad Muhammadi (Malay) for boys and Maahad Muhammadi (Malay) for girls. The establishment of MAIK Malay schools is a testament to its professed aims of looking after local welfare, which was not given any attention under British colonial rule. MAIK had faced a myriad of challenges in its administration of Malay schools, whether from within its administration or from outside, especially from Malay schools that were under British control. Based on the qualitative method that involved the perusal of primary documents such as MAIK files, MAIK annual reports, journal Pengasuh and British annual reports on Kelantan from the National Archives of Malaysia and other institutions, this study has found that the British neglect of Malay education has made MAIK indispensable as the organisation responsible for religious affairs and defending local customs in the formal education sector of the state. With this heavy responsibility, MAIK, specifically through its Malay schools, has provided both secular and religious education in schools under its jurisdiction. MAIK’s strategy and improvisations have ensured its schools’ continuity despite competition from the Malay education provided by the colonial government. Through its organisational dynamism, MAIK has enabled itself to be involved in the planning and transformation of primary education in Kelantan from 1917 until 1957.
{"title":"Majlis Agama Islam dan Adat Istiadat Melayu Kelantan (MAIK) and Modernisation of Malay Education, 1917-1957","authors":"Siti Fathihah Abd Latif, Mahani Musa","doi":"10.22452/jat.vol17no2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol17no2.19","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the Majlis Agama Islam dan Adat Istiadat Melayu Kelantan (MAIK) administration of Malay schools in the state of Kelantan from 1917 until the end of British colonial rule in 1957. This involvement is examined through two of its schools, the Maahad Muhammadi (Malay) for boys and Maahad Muhammadi (Malay) for girls. The establishment of MAIK Malay schools is a testament to its professed aims of looking after local welfare, which was not given any attention under British colonial rule. MAIK had faced a myriad of challenges in its administration of Malay schools, whether from within its administration or from outside, especially from Malay schools that were under British control. Based on the qualitative method that involved the perusal of primary documents such as MAIK files, MAIK annual reports, journal Pengasuh and British annual reports on Kelantan from the National Archives of Malaysia and other institutions, this study has found that the British neglect of Malay education has made MAIK indispensable as the organisation responsible for religious affairs and defending local customs in the formal education sector of the state. With this heavy responsibility, MAIK, specifically through its Malay schools, has provided both secular and religious education in schools under its jurisdiction. MAIK’s strategy and improvisations have ensured its schools’ continuity despite competition from the Malay education provided by the colonial government. Through its organisational dynamism, MAIK has enabled itself to be involved in the planning and transformation of primary education in Kelantan from 1917 until 1957.","PeriodicalId":40895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Tamaddun","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42015904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Maksum, I. Abdullah, Siti Mas’udah, Muhammad Saud
For all religions, including Islam, pluralism in society is a challenge. Many thought reconstructions and debates regarding the Islamic paradigm are results of conflicts between right and left Islamic ideologies about the religious paradigm. This research aimed to determine how Jaringan Islam Liberal (JIL) and Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) groups embrace tolerance and social networks. The data were analyzed using van Dijk’s critical discourse analysis and a multi-level approach to offer a more critical understanding of the paradigms. This research discovered that JIL has promoted religious tolerance within its theological domain, while HTI has reacted adversely. HTI has not renounced tolerance, but its ideology does not include religious tolerance. HTI derives its legitimacy from Islam; its activists see Islam as a religion and an ideology. JIL also views religion as more than just text and pursues a contextual view of theology. Meanwhile, HTI was restricted to its textual interpretation. Its dissemination in several media outlets further demonstrated its paradigm and the unity of HTI members.
对包括伊斯兰教在内的所有宗教来说，社会多元化是一个挑战。许多关于伊斯兰范式的思想重建和争论都是左右伊斯兰意识形态关于宗教范式冲突的结果。这项研究旨在确定Jaringan Islam Liberal（JIL）和Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia（HTI）团体如何接受宽容和社交网络。使用范迪克的批判性话语分析和多层次方法对数据进行了分析，以提供对范式的更批判性理解。这项研究发现，JIL在其神学领域促进了宗教宽容，而HTI则做出了不利的反应。HTI没有放弃宽容，但其意识形态不包括宗教宽容。HTI的合法性来源于伊斯兰教；其活动人士将伊斯兰教视为一种宗教和意识形态。JIL也将宗教视为不仅仅是文本，并追求神学的语境观。同时，HTI仅限于文本解释。它在多家媒体的传播进一步证明了它的范式和HTI成员的团结。
{"title":"Islamic Movements in Indonesia: A Critical Study of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia and Jaringan Islam Liberal","authors":"A. Maksum, I. Abdullah, Siti Mas’udah, Muhammad Saud","doi":"10.22452/jat.vol17no2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol17no2.6","url":null,"abstract":"For all religions, including Islam, pluralism in society is a challenge. Many thought reconstructions and debates regarding the Islamic paradigm are results of conflicts between right and left Islamic ideologies about the religious paradigm. This research aimed to determine how Jaringan Islam Liberal (JIL) and Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) groups embrace tolerance and social networks. The data were analyzed using van Dijk’s critical discourse analysis and a multi-level approach to offer a more critical understanding of the paradigms. This research discovered that JIL has promoted religious tolerance within its theological domain, while HTI has reacted adversely. HTI has not renounced tolerance, but its ideology does not include religious tolerance. HTI derives its legitimacy from Islam; its activists see Islam as a religion and an ideology. JIL also views religion as more than just text and pursues a contextual view of theology. Meanwhile, HTI was restricted to its textual interpretation. Its dissemination in several media outlets further demonstrated its paradigm and the unity of HTI members.","PeriodicalId":40895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Tamaddun","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47511372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.22452/jat.vol17no2.17
Inayatillah Inayatillah, K. Kamaruddin, M. A. M. Anzaikhan
Indonesia is a multicultural country consisting of various religions and ethnic groups. This diversity is unlikely to last long if the concept of Islamic teaching is filled with an exclusive and radical understandings. Moderate in Indonesia is known as religious moderation or Islam Wasathiyah which is understood as a concept of religious understanding that positions itself in the middle or has a middle stand. Moderate Islam in Indonesia came along with the teachings of Islam in the 13th century. According to historians, the content of Islam entering Indonesia has experienced moderation so that it is different from the Islamic teachings in Mecca and Egypt at that time. Yet, it is this difference that made Islam in Indonesia survived and turned to be the dominant religion in the archipelago. The history of moderate Islam in Indonesia begins with the Sufis in Aceh, followed by Walisongo in Java, public figures and Islamic organizations during the fight of independence, and authorities of the Ministry of Religious Affairs in the present days. This article is a result of a library research conducted in a qualitative approach. The method used for study is descriptive analysis toward recent relevant sources within the last 3 years. The result of study showed that the history of moderate Islam in Indonesia historically moves from essential dimension to authoritative one. The essential dimension covers moderate Islam in terms of Islam Wasathiyah (middle stand) values in various persuasive approaches. Whereas authoritative dimension is referred to the time moderate Islam is taken into the formal forms (government programs) called “Religious Moderation”. This further penetrates the content of education and feature of national curriculum.
{"title":"The History of Moderate Islam in Indonesia and Its Influence on the Content of National Education","authors":"Inayatillah Inayatillah, K. Kamaruddin, M. A. M. Anzaikhan","doi":"10.22452/jat.vol17no2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol17no2.17","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia is a multicultural country consisting of various religions and ethnic groups. This diversity is unlikely to last long if the concept of Islamic teaching is filled with an exclusive and radical understandings. Moderate in Indonesia is known as religious moderation or Islam Wasathiyah which is understood as a concept of religious understanding that positions itself in the middle or has a middle stand. Moderate Islam in Indonesia came along with the teachings of Islam in the 13th century. According to historians, the content of Islam entering Indonesia has experienced moderation so that it is different from the Islamic teachings in Mecca and Egypt at that time. Yet, it is this difference that made Islam in Indonesia survived and turned to be the dominant religion in the archipelago. The history of moderate Islam in Indonesia begins with the Sufis in Aceh, followed by Walisongo in Java, public figures and Islamic organizations during the fight of independence, and authorities of the Ministry of Religious Affairs in the present days. This article is a result of a library research conducted in a qualitative approach. The method used for study is descriptive analysis toward recent relevant sources within the last 3 years. The result of study showed that the history of moderate Islam in Indonesia historically moves from essential dimension to authoritative one. The essential dimension covers moderate Islam in terms of Islam Wasathiyah (middle stand) values in various persuasive approaches. Whereas authoritative dimension is referred to the time moderate Islam is taken into the formal forms (government programs) called “Religious Moderation”. This further penetrates the content of education and feature of national curriculum.","PeriodicalId":40895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Tamaddun","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45302100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The notion and applicability of ethics in the public sphere have become a relatively obscure matter with the prevailing incursion of political secularism. The functioning model of contemporary polity leads us to believe that ethics play no role in politics, whether at the national or international levels. Ethics is not a predominant concept in the leading international relations theories, such as realism and liberalism. Pacing these theories, for which the power struggle is a more central concept, this article argues that ethics play a significant role in politics and remains an essential element in understanding and analyzing foreign policy. Neglecting or ignoring ethics limits our appraisal and hinders us from perceiving the whole picture in analyzing international affairs. This article proposes a way forward through more responsible politics in dealing with and understanding global affairs. Responsible ethical politics means taking the best potentially ethical actions that circumstances permit at the national and international levels. This paper employs an interpretative approach with qualitative research via secondary published materials to engage the debate on ethics. In this study, the theoretical framework is the conception of al-Murūʼah (sense of honor), which presents a normative foundation for dealing with others nationally and internationally. Three sub-concepts develop from al-Murūʼah, First, al-Mu’āzarah (assistance without expecting compensation,) second, al-Miyāsrah (relieving others from discomfort or crises), and third, al-Ifḍāl generosity.
{"title":"Rethinking Ethics in International Affairs: Reshaping Civilizational Discourse","authors":"Fadi Zatari","doi":"10.22452/jat.vol17no2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol17no2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The notion and applicability of ethics in the public sphere have become a relatively obscure matter with the prevailing incursion of political secularism. The functioning model of contemporary polity leads us to believe that ethics play no role in politics, whether at the national or international levels. Ethics is not a predominant concept in the leading international relations theories, such as realism and liberalism. Pacing these theories, for which the power struggle is a more central concept, this article argues that ethics play a significant role in politics and remains an essential element in understanding and analyzing foreign policy. Neglecting or ignoring ethics limits our appraisal and hinders us from perceiving the whole picture in analyzing international affairs. This article proposes a way forward through more responsible politics in dealing with and understanding global affairs. Responsible ethical politics means taking the best potentially ethical actions that circumstances permit at the national and international levels. This paper employs an interpretative approach with qualitative research via secondary published materials to engage the debate on ethics. In this study, the theoretical framework is the conception of al-Murūʼah (sense of honor), which presents a normative foundation for dealing with others nationally and internationally. Three sub-concepts develop from al-Murūʼah, First, al-Mu’āzarah (assistance without expecting compensation,) second, al-Miyāsrah (relieving others from discomfort or crises), and third, al-Ifḍāl generosity.","PeriodicalId":40895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Tamaddun","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46945592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.22452/jat.vol17no2.15
M. Z. Abdul Rahman, Raja Hisyamudin Raja Sulong, Osman Md Rasip
This article is to trace the problem of the right of a citizen of different religions to practice the faith in an Islamic country. This issue is not a new issue since as early as the formation of the Islamic state of Madinah, communities of different religions have also already existed. Therefore, to understand the model of managing the affairs of non -Muslim religious beliefs through the historical lens of the Prophet Muḥammad Rasūlullah (PBUH)) has become important for the ummah. The present article, using a descriptive and analytical approach and drawing upon Islamic sources, i.e. the Holy Qur’ān, the Prophetic Traditions and selected opinion of Muslim scholars to explores the conceptual framework that Muslim jurists develop their ruling with regard to issue encounter Muslim and non-Muslims affairs in the light of Fiqh al-Siyār. As a result, this study shows that the combination of the guidance of Wahy and the contract signed by the Prophet Rasūlullah (PBUH) and Ṣaḥabah with non -Muslims, especially contract of Syurūṭ ‘Umariyyah gave inspiration for jurist to provide a social conduct of religious rights for non -Muslims.
{"title":"Significant Development of the Concept of Ahl-Dhimmah on Religious Rights in Early Islamic State","authors":"M. Z. Abdul Rahman, Raja Hisyamudin Raja Sulong, Osman Md Rasip","doi":"10.22452/jat.vol17no2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol17no2.15","url":null,"abstract":"This article is to trace the problem of the right of a citizen of different religions to practice the faith in an Islamic country. This issue is not a new issue since as early as the formation of the Islamic state of Madinah, communities of different religions have also already existed. Therefore, to understand the model of managing the affairs of non -Muslim religious beliefs through the historical lens of the Prophet Muḥammad Rasūlullah (PBUH)) has become important for the ummah. The present article, using a descriptive and analytical approach and drawing upon Islamic sources, i.e. the Holy Qur’ān, the Prophetic Traditions and selected opinion of Muslim scholars to explores the conceptual framework that Muslim jurists develop their ruling with regard to issue encounter Muslim and non-Muslims affairs in the light of Fiqh al-Siyār. As a result, this study shows that the combination of the guidance of Wahy and the contract signed by the Prophet Rasūlullah (PBUH) and Ṣaḥabah with non -Muslims, especially contract of Syurūṭ ‘Umariyyah gave inspiration for jurist to provide a social conduct of religious rights for non -Muslims.","PeriodicalId":40895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Tamaddun","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42258573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.22452/jat.vol17no2.16
Asyiqin Ab Halim, N. F. Mohd Razif, Nur Shahidah Paad
The issue of hijab has become a controversial and ongoing topic discussed mainly in European countries and has been perceived differently by the media. The discourse of hijab and its controversy, particularly in France, Netherland, Germany, as well as in the United Kingdom, has not been interpreted by the media according to the Islamic perspective, thereby implicitly creating tension between Muslims and the local society. Hence, the objective of this study is to examine the controversial issue of hijab that arose in the European countries by focusing on France, Netherland, Germany and the United Kingdom and how the issues have been reported and perceived by the media. This study employs a qualitative approach that applies library research focusing on data collection via secondary sources. Furthermore, the data are analysed according to thematic analysis in identifying and interpreting patterns and themes within the data obtained. The finding of this study shows the issue of hijab within European countries is regarding more on veil and purdah or niqab rather than headscarves as wearing of headscarves is commonly recognised by the European communities. As a conclusion, it is suggested for Muslims to be more visible in society and media in countering negative views and perceptions towards Muslim as well as in depicting constructive image of Islam.
{"title":"Media and the Issue of Hijab and Veil Across European Countries","authors":"Asyiqin Ab Halim, N. F. Mohd Razif, Nur Shahidah Paad","doi":"10.22452/jat.vol17no2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol17no2.16","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of hijab has become a controversial and ongoing topic discussed mainly in European countries and has been perceived differently by the media. The discourse of hijab and its controversy, particularly in France, Netherland, Germany, as well as in the United Kingdom, has not been interpreted by the media according to the Islamic perspective, thereby implicitly creating tension between Muslims and the local society. Hence, the objective of this study is to examine the controversial issue of hijab that arose in the European countries by focusing on France, Netherland, Germany and the United Kingdom and how the issues have been reported and perceived by the media. This study employs a qualitative approach that applies library research focusing on data collection via secondary sources. Furthermore, the data are analysed according to thematic analysis in identifying and interpreting patterns and themes within the data obtained. The finding of this study shows the issue of hijab within European countries is regarding more on veil and purdah or niqab rather than headscarves as wearing of headscarves is commonly recognised by the European communities. As a conclusion, it is suggested for Muslims to be more visible in society and media in countering negative views and perceptions towards Muslim as well as in depicting constructive image of Islam.","PeriodicalId":40895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Tamaddun","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44539541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The sultanate of Johor emerged as a maritime trade civilization, centred along the Johor River around the 16th and 17th century CE. Its administrative centre shifted to the Riau-Lingga islands in the next century, and returned to the mainland state of Johor in the late 19th century. Between the 16th and 18th centuries, the sultanate of Johor emerged as a great Malay empire, a respected political entity and centre of international trade. However, these aspects should be seen as moving in line with the intellectual apogee of the Johor people. Therefore, the objective of this article is to prove that throughout the 16th and 18th centuries, the sultanate of Johor also became a centre of development of literature, language and culture. Many intellectuals emerged in Johor. The second objective is to discuss the multi-genre literary scene in Johor. Beginning with the two great Malay works, Sulalatus Salatin by Tun Sri Lanang and the Hikayat Hang Tuah, the Johor intelligentsia produced various literary works (history, literature, language, religion, statecraft, fiction, and so on) in the following centuries. Respected members of the intelligentsia produced greatly intellectual works, such as Raja Haji Ahmad, Raja Ali Haji, Raja Khalid Hitam, Raja Ali Kelana, Muhammad Ibrahim Munshi, Muhammad Salleh Perang, Muhammad Said Sulaiman and many others. This paper focuses on writtings and intellectuality in fields of history, literature and language. This study uses the qualitative method in history, especially focusing on library research. This study proves that Johor society is highly prolific in the flowering of literary and intellectual activities. This situation was also in line with the development of printing and associational activities, thus providing the intellectuality of Johor throughout time.
柔佛苏丹国是一个海上贸易文明，大约在公元16世纪和17世纪以柔佛河为中心。其行政中心在下个世纪转移到廖内岭群岛，并在19世纪末回到大陆的柔佛州。16世纪至18世纪，柔佛苏丹国成为一个伟大的马来帝国，一个受人尊敬的政治实体和国际贸易中心。然而，这些方面应该被视为符合柔佛人的智力巅峰。因此，本文的目的是证明在整个16世纪和18世纪，柔佛苏丹国也成为文学、语言和文化发展的中心。柔佛涌现了许多知识分子。第二个目的是探讨柔佛的多类型文学场景。从两部伟大的马来文学作品，Tun Sri Lanang的《Sulalatus Salatin》和《Hikayat Hang Tuah》开始，柔佛知识界在接下来的几个世纪里创作了各种文学作品（历史、文学、语言、宗教、治国方略、小说等）。受人尊敬的知识界成员创作了大量的智力作品，如Raja Haji Ahmad、Raja Ali Haji、Raja Khalid Hitam、Raja Ari Kelana、Muhammad Ibrahim Munshi、Mohammad Salleh Perang、Muhammed Said Sulaiman等。本文主要研究历史、文学和语言领域的写作与知性。本研究采用了历史学中的定性研究方法，尤其侧重于图书馆研究。这项研究证明了柔佛社会在文学和智力活动的繁荣中是高度多产的。这种情况也符合印刷和结社活动的发展，从而提供了柔佛在整个时期的智慧。
{"title":"Keintelektualan Masyarakat Johor: Tradisi Persuratan Merentas Zaman","authors":"Mardiana Nordin","doi":"10.22452/jat.vol17no2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol17no2.7","url":null,"abstract":"The sultanate of Johor emerged as a maritime trade civilization, centred along the Johor River around the 16th and 17th century CE. Its administrative centre shifted to the Riau-Lingga islands in the next century, and returned to the mainland state of Johor in the late 19th century. Between the 16th and 18th centuries, the sultanate of Johor emerged as a great Malay empire, a respected political entity and centre of international trade. However, these aspects should be seen as moving in line with the intellectual apogee of the Johor people. Therefore, the objective of this article is to prove that throughout the 16th and 18th centuries, the sultanate of Johor also became a centre of development of literature, language and culture. Many intellectuals emerged in Johor. The second objective is to discuss the multi-genre literary scene in Johor. Beginning with the two great Malay works, Sulalatus Salatin by Tun Sri Lanang and the Hikayat Hang Tuah, the Johor intelligentsia produced various literary works (history, literature, language, religion, statecraft, fiction, and so on) in the following centuries. Respected members of the intelligentsia produced greatly intellectual works, such as Raja Haji Ahmad, Raja Ali Haji, Raja Khalid Hitam, Raja Ali Kelana, Muhammad Ibrahim Munshi, Muhammad Salleh Perang, Muhammad Said Sulaiman and many others. This paper focuses on writtings and intellectuality in fields of history, literature and language. This study uses the qualitative method in history, especially focusing on library research. This study proves that Johor society is highly prolific in the flowering of literary and intellectual activities. This situation was also in line with the development of printing and associational activities, thus providing the intellectuality of Johor throughout time.","PeriodicalId":40895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Tamaddun","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48045311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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