Progress in Materials Science最新文献

This review paper comprehensively examines the dynamic landscape of 3D printing and Machine Learning utilizing biodegradable polymers and their composites, presenting a panoramic synthesis of research developments, technological achievements, and emerging applications. By investigating a multitude of biodegradable polymer types, the review paper delineates their suitability and compatibility with diverse 3D printing methodologies and demonstrates the merit of machine learning techniques, in future manufacturing processes. Moreover, this review paper focuses on the intricacies of material preparation, design adaptation as well as post-processing techniques tailored for biodegradable polymers, elucidating their pivotal role in achieving structural integrity and functional excellence. From biomedical implants and sustainable packaging solutions to artistic creations, the paper unveils the expansive spectrum of practical implementations, thus portraying the multifaceted impact of this technology. Whilst outlining prevalent challenges such as mechanical properties and recycling, this review paper concurrently surveys ongoing research endeavors aimed at addressing these limitations. In essence, this review encapsulates the transformative potential of 3D printing and Machine Learning with biodegradable polymers, providing a roadmap for future advancements and underscoring its pivotal role in fostering sustainable manufacturing/consumption for the future.

Lubrication is everywhere in the body and essential for the correct operation of biological systems when subjected to contact stress and wear. The body is like a continuously operating life machine. Friction and energy consumption throughout the body would increase dramatically without lubrication, causing physical damage, accelerating senescence and even endangering life. Therefore, it is vital to propose the notion of body lubrication and investigate in depth the irreplaceable role of lubricated matter in life. However, no article has yet summarized “lubricated matter” throughout the body. The need to understand the origin of the lubricated matter in body is driving this review, which could shed insight into degenerative processes and suggest therapeutic options for body disorders, including osteoarthritis, tendon injury, dry eye, etc. Initially, we present an overview of lubricated model and lubricated medium, and gather together the most important data on coefficient of friction about lubricated fluid and lubricated biomacromolecules in body. Subsequently, lubricated matter in body, such as motor system including joint, tendon, bone, muscle, intervertebral disc, shouldercuff, and ligament; digestive system including mouth, teeth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestine, and peritoneum; respiratory system including nose, lung, trachea, and pleura; circulatory system including heart, blood vessel, urethra, and ureter; nervous system including eye and brain; skin system including skin and hair; and reproductive system including vagina, are emphasized. Following recent advances based on lubrication, the developments of lubricated therapy in body at a molecular level are reviewed. In conclusion, the most significant challenges and opportunities of lubricated matter in body are thoroughly discussed.

Soft magnetic alloys play a critical role in power conversion, magnetic sensing, magnetic storage and electric actuating, which are fundamental components of modern technological innovation. Therefore, the rational design of soft magnetic alloys holds substantial scientific and commercial value. With excellent comprehensive performance, emerging compositionally complex alloys (CCAs) with high chemical complexity have garnered significant interest. The huge composition search space of CCAs provides both challenges and opportunities for discovering new high-performance magnetic materials. The traditional alloy design method relying on scientific intuition and a trial-and-error strategy could be inefficient and costly for magnetic CCAs. Accordingly, with great capacities for nonlinear and adaptive information processing, machine learning (ML) has shown great potential in magnetic CCA studies. This paper reviews magnetic properties of CCAs, examines the various inspiring applications of ML methods in magnetic CCAs, and discusses the future directions for unleashing the full potential of ML methods for applications in magnetic CCAs’ studies.

Friction stir welding and processing enabled the creation of stronger joints, novel ultrafine-grained metals, new metal matrix composites, and multifunctional surfaces at user-defined locations. The newly developed friction stir based additive manufacturing methods emerged as transformative technologies since these technologies allow three-dimensional printing of strong dense metal at reduced cost and unprecedented large scales. These technologies have been increasingly adopted in the field of aerospace, shipbuilding, rail transit, automotive, energy, and defense. Since considerable similarities exist in the friction stir technologies, a comprehensive review of the shared fundamentals in these technologies is critical to establish a common background for the entire friction stir community. This paper addressed such needs through (i) a critical assessment of the up-to-date technology innovations about friction stir technologies; (ii) a comprehensive summary of the fundamentals of the friction stir technologies on the aspects of materials flow, heat generation mechanism, microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, process simulation, and specific material issues; and (iii) a systematical analysis of the opportunities and challenges in advancing the friction stir technologies.

Borophene stands out uniquely among Xenes with its metallic character, Dirac nature, exceptional electron mobility, thermal conductivity, and Young’s moduli—surpassing graphene. Invented in 2015, various methods, including atomic layer deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, and chemical vapor deposition, have successfully been demonstrated to realize substrate-supported crystal growth. Top-down approaches like micromechanical, sonochemical, solvothermal and modified hummer’s techniques have also been employed. Thanks to its high electronic mobility, borophene serves as an active material for ultrafast sensing of light, gases, molecules, and strain. Its metallic behaviour, electrochemical activity, and anti-corrosive nature make it ideal for applications in energy storage and catalysis. It has been proven effective as an electrocatalyst for HER, OER, water splitting, CO₂ reduction, and NH₃ reduction reactions. Beyond this, borophene has found utility in bioimaging, biosensing, and various biomedical applications. A special emphasis will be given on the borophene nanoarchitectonics i.e. doped borophene and borophene-based hybrids with other 2D materials and nanoparticles and the theoretical understanding of these emerging materials systems to gain more insights on their electronic structure and properties, aiming to manipulate borophene for tailored applications.

Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite has played a crucial role in replacing metals in numerous applications due to its superior properties and ease of manufacturing. Raw materials, design flexibility, microstructure, durability, and advanced fabrication techniques have further diversified its applications. However, consumption of a huge amount of synthetic polymeric materials and fibers in FRP composites poses a serious challenge to recycling and waste management. Most of the high-performance FRP composites are based on thermoset polymeric materials, which are non-recyclable. Therefore, fundamental research has been initiated on recycling of thermoset-based FRP composites. This review provides a comprehensive study of raw materials used for FRP composites and their applications and waste management, along with a future perspective. The review provides an insight into the chemistry of raw materials and techniques of their synthesis and extraction, fabrication, interface chemistry, structural analysis, and microstructural characterizations of FRP composites. It also focusses on the recent progress of FRP composites as an alternative to metals for various applications and the challenges faced. In addition, the review offers a special emphasis on Vitrimers, waste management, and biodegradation of FRP composites. Finally, the role of FRP composites for hydrogen storage and other futuristic applications is critically discussed.

Wound exudates, the effusion of tissue fluid after injury, can act as a bridge for biochemical substance transfer and provide an environment for wound healing. However, excessive wound exudate prolongs the inflammatory phase and hinders healing, particularly in chronic wounds. Although dressings have long been used to absorb exudates and protect wounds, traditional dressings have non-negligible limitations in exudate management because of their single structure and function. Materials with asymmetric wettability and specific pore structures have unique advantages for controlling unidirectional liquid transport, providing a new approach for exudate management. In recent years, exudate management dressings have advanced significantly, but have seldom been described and discussed in detail. Therefore, this review systematically presents the mechanism, necessity, and configurations of exudate management dressings. Variously, textile-, nano/microfiber-, membrane-, foam/sponge-based, and composite exudate management dressings are reviewed. The methods for evaluating exudate management are briefly described and the current challenges and prospects are presented to provide references for the future development of dressings.

Carbon fibers (CFs) have received remarkable attention in recent decades because of their excellent mechanical properties, low density, and outstanding chemical/thermal stability. However, due to their high cost, the usage of CFs is still limited to high-end applications. Tremendous efforts have been made to fabricate cost-effective CFs by exploring alternative precursors, developing spinning methods, and optimizing processing conditions. Nevertheless, selecting a successful precursor with a matching experimental procedure is still challenging. As an alternative to the experiment, we can utilize predictive modeling at multiscale levels to understand and predict CFs’ behaviors and properties with desired accuracy yet at a significantly reduced cost. The modeling efforts can subsequently be integrated with experimental studies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of efforts to reduce the overall cost of CF preparation via various precursors and by including computational prediction. First, it briefly describes the progress and challenges of CFs, followed by investigating different precursors that may affect their properties. Then, state-of-the-art developments regarding experimental and computational studies for achieving low-cost CFs are discussed in detail. In the end, a summary of the current achievements and a future vision of challenges and possible solutions to obtain cost-effective CFs are given.

Two-dimensional heterostructures (2D HSs) are popular candidates for sustainable energy conversion and storage applications through the synergetic combination of nanosized heterojunctions with intriguing functionalities. The properties of 2D heterointerfaces can be well-regulated for scaled-up applications through synthetic tuning and/or engineering design. In this perspective, the synthesis protocols of 2D heterostructure are first discussed, along with associated modulation strategies to better describe the required functionalities for scaled-up applications. Computational insights are also provided to regulate and predict the heterointerface of the outlined structures based on various models (e.g., atomic, micro, and mesoscale simulations). The role of modulated 2D heterostructures is highlighted with respect to the energy applications along with the current challenges for 2D heterostructure development. This review is anticipated to deliver new paths for the design and construction of 2D heterostructures toward the practical applications in multiple fields with a focus on energy conversion and storage.

Graphyne, a novel regularly sp-/sp²-hybridized carbon allotrope, has attracted significant interest in synthetic chemistry and various applications. As a promising approach for material synthesis, mechanochemistry has first been successfully applied to fabricate γ-graphyne (γ-GY) which exhibits highest structural stability among graphyne family and possesses fascinating properties like a direct bandgap and unique nanoporosity. The γ-GY skeleton forms via an alkyne nucleophilic cross-coupling reaction induced by intense mechanical energy using hexahalobenzene and calcium carbide as precursors. This mechanochemical strategy is simple, high-yielding, scalable, and commercially viable. This review aims to offer a comprehensive and critical understanding of mechanochemical synthesis of γ-GY. Firstly, the basic concept, physicochemical properties and potential applications of graphyne, especially γ-GY, are introduced. Subsequently, the review summarizes several state-of-the-art synthetic strategies for γ-GY and corresponding representative characterizations. Furthermore, the feasibility of mechanosynthesis for γ-GY is elucidated through the discussion of its origin which involves mechanochemical dehalogenation, and its subsequent development for the synthesis of alkynyl cross-linked carbon derivatives. The reaction mechanism, and controversial factors (including solvent issue, side reaction, and carbonaceous impurities) of the mechanochemical route are adequately outlined and analyzed. Evidence confirms the existence of γ-GY in the as-prepared sample and inevitable generation of by-products such as carbonaceous impurities. Finally, the challenges and future research directions of mechanochemical synthesizing high-quality γ-GY and derivatives (analogues) are proposed.