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2015 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)最新文献

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Experimental validation of the Statistical Energy Analysis for coupled reverberant rooms 耦合混响室统计能量分析的实验验证
Pub Date : 2015-09-14 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.2015.7256221
L. Kovalevsky, R. Langley, P. Besnier, J. Sol
The Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) is a statistical approach employed to solve high frequency problems of electromagnetically coupled reverberant cavities at a reduced computational cost. The key aspect of this approach is to avoid solving Maxwell's equations inside the cavity, using the power balance principle, which leads directly to the ensemble mean response of the system. In addition, the SEA gives an estimate of the standard deviation of the cavity's energy. Moreover, the diffuse field reciprocity formula is used to calculate the coupling coefficient induced by an aperture, which is neither electrically small nor large. The numerical results obtained for two rooms coupled through a circular aperture are compared with experimental data obtained in the reverberation chamber at IETR. After a brief introduction of the motivation for such a method, the SEA equations are presented, and then the experimental setup is described in section III. Finally, the good agreement between simulation and experiment is presented in section IV.
统计能量分析(SEA)是一种用于求解电磁耦合混响腔高频问题的统计方法,其计算成本较低。该方法的关键是避免在腔内求解麦克斯韦方程组,使用功率平衡原理,直接导致系统的系综平均响应。此外,SEA给出了空腔能量的标准偏差估计。此外,利用漫射场互易公式计算了电不小也不大的孔径所引起的耦合系数。对两个房间通过圆孔耦合得到的数值结果与室内混响室的实验数据进行了比较。在简要介绍了这种方法的动机之后,给出了SEA方程,然后在第三节中描述了实验设置。最后,在第四节中给出了仿真与实验的良好一致性。
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引用次数: 12
Computationally-effective worst-case estimation of currents in transmission lines for EMC diagnostics of big systems 大型系统电磁兼容诊断中输电线路电流计算有效的最坏情况估计
Pub Date : 2015-09-14 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.2015.7256334
D. Tsyanenka, E. Sinkevich, Y. Arlou, S. Maly
A technique for calculation of currents in transmission lines in a wide frequency range is proposed. The technique is based on a generalization of the lumped-circuit calculation methods to the case of long transmission lines by the introduction of refinement functions. A worst-case model for the amplitude-frequency characteristics of currents in the transmission line is developed on the basis of the proposed technique. The model is intended for diagnostics (express analysis) of electromagnetic compatibility in complexes of radio and electronic equipment. Worst-case nature of the model is provided by construction of the envelope of the current's maxima (observed at resonances) for the high-frequency band. The validity of the model is checked by comparison with the results of numerical simulation of single wire above ground plane, twowire, coaxial, and triaxial transmission lines in a wide range of parameter values: the frequency is varied from 10 kHz to 8 GHz, the length of the line is from 20 cm to 5 m, height of the line above the ground surface is from 2 mm to 100 mm, the ratio of the load capacitance (inductance) to the line capacitance (inductance) is from 10-40 to 104. Straight and piecewise-straight lines (both parallel and non-parallel to the ground plane) are considered during the validation.
提出了一种宽频率范围内输电线路电流的计算方法。该技术是在将集总电路计算方法推广到长传输线情况的基础上,引入了细化函数。在此基础上,建立了输电线路中电流幅频特性的最坏情况模型。该模型用于无线电和电子设备复合体的电磁兼容性诊断(快速分析)。模型的最坏情况性质是通过构建高频带的电流最大值(在共振处观察到)的包络来提供的。检查的有效性模型与数值模拟的结果相比单线地面飞机,twowire,同轴,和三轴输电线路各种参数值:10千赫至8 GHz的频率是不同的,线的长度是20厘米到5米,离地面高度的表面从2毫米到100毫米,负载电容的比值(电感)线电容(电感)从10-40到104年。在验证过程中考虑直线和分段直线(平行于地平面和不平行于地平面)。
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引用次数: 2
Alternative conducted immunity testing with multiple CDNs and wire winding 采用多个cdn和导线绕组进行备选抗扰度测试
Pub Date : 2015-09-14 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.2015.7256351
S. Cakir, O. Sen, S. Acak, M. Çetintaş
Conducted immunity tests are always performed by use of Coupling Decoupling Networks (CDN) in laboratories in accordance with the standard EN61000-4-6. However, it is not always possible to use CDNs because of some limitations. If the Equipment Under Test (EUT) has large dimensions or high currents, it is not possible to use CDNs during tests. As a consequence, alternative methods are required in industry. In this paper, we firstly investigated the multi-CDN method which facilitates use of CDNs also for high-current EUTs by splitting mains current into several pieces that one CDN can handle. We also investigated simple wire-windings instead of cumbersome injection clamps to be applied to thick cables or cables in narrow places as an alternative to standard laboratory methods.
传导抗扰度测试总是按照标准EN61000-4-6在实验室中使用耦合去耦网络(CDN)进行。然而,由于一些限制,并不总是可以使用cdn。如果被测设备(EUT)尺寸大或电流大,则不可能在测试期间使用cdn。因此,在工业中需要替代方法。在本文中,我们首先研究了多CDN方法,该方法通过将主电流分成一个CDN可以处理的几个部分,从而促进了CDN在大电流eut中的使用。我们还研究了简单的电线缠绕,而不是笨重的注射钳,用于粗电缆或狭窄地方的电缆,作为标准实验室方法的替代方案。
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引用次数: 1
On the effectiveness of EMIRR to qualify OpAmps 评价埃米尔对OpAmps的有效性
Pub Date : 2015-09-14 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.2015.7256129
Marco Brignone Aimonetto, F. Fiori
This paper discusses the pros and cons of the EMIRR, a parameter used to indicate the susceptibility of Operational Amplifiers to ElectroMagnetic Interference. Such a parameter is defined assuming a quadratic relationship between the interference amplitude and the EMI-induced offset. This work shows through analyses and experimental tests that such an assumption is valid only in particular cases, meaning that the application of the EMIRR is limited.
本文讨论了用于表示运算放大器对电磁干扰敏感性的参数埃米尔(EMIRR)的优缺点。该参数是假设干扰幅度和emi诱发偏移量之间的二次关系来定义的。这项工作通过分析和实验测试表明,这种假设仅在特定情况下有效,这意味着埃米尔比率的应用是有限的。
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引用次数: 5
Suppression of end-fired emission for a miniaturized-element frequency-selective shielding surface with finite size using EBG 有限尺寸的小型化元件频率选择屏蔽面用EBG抑制末发射
Pub Date : 2015-09-14 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.2015.7256131
Y. Yu, Cheng-Nan Chiu, Yih-Ping Chiou, Tzong-Lin Wu
A special surface wave only exists on a finite-size frequency-selective surface (FSS), arrayed in a sub-wavelength periodic element. This surface wave induced by external incidence may cause strong end-fired emission and highly degrade the performance of the FSS applied as electromagnetic shielding especially along the end-fired direction. A hybrid design method for such a finite-size FSS with electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure is first-time proposed to significantly suppress the end-fired emission. Specifically, this suppression can even up to 15 dB in our design. For demonstration, a finite-size FSS utilizing a new miniaturized element is provided. A prototype of the FSS is created, modeled and tested. It reveals good consistency among models, full-wave simulation, and measured results.
一个特殊的表面波只存在于有限尺寸的频率选择表面(FSS)上,以亚波长周期元素的形式排列。这种由外入射引起的表面波会产生强烈的发射端辐射,严重降低了FSS用作电磁屏蔽的性能,特别是在发射端方向上。首次提出了具有电磁带隙(EBG)结构的有限尺寸FSS的混合设计方法,以显著抑制末端发射。具体来说,在我们的设计中,这种抑制甚至可以达到15 dB。为了演示,提供了一个利用新的小型化元件的有限尺寸FSS。FSS的原型被创建,建模和测试。结果表明,模型、全波模拟和实测结果具有良好的一致性。
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引用次数: 0
Measurement of radio signal propagation through window panes and energy saving windows 测量通过窗玻璃和节能窗的无线电信号传播
Pub Date : 2015-09-14 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.2015.7256135
P. Angskog, M. Backstrom, B. Vallhagen
Glass windows have undergone an energy saving evolution over the past three, four decades, from single panes till today's ultralow-emission windows. While the earliest energy saving windows were constructed as a sandwich of clear glass panes using the vacuum-flask principle, modern low-emission windows includes panes with coatings of metal and/or metal oxides. This coating has caused radio propagation problems for communication systems; something that may be utilized to protect a building from intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI) attacks and to help protecting against information leakage. In this paper measurements of the shielding performance of different generations of windows and qualities of window panes are presented. The intention is to include the results in a guide-line for IEMI protection of critical infrastructures. Measurements are made using two complementary methods; in a nested reverberation chamber and in a semi-anechoic chamber, both over the range 1 - 18 GHz. The results show a clear generation dependency where the energy saving windows largely do not attenuate RF signals at all and low-emission windows offer shielding effectiveness values between 10 and 45 dB with potentially as much as around 60 dB in the upper half of the spectrum.
在过去的三四十年里,玻璃窗经历了一场节能的演变,从单一的窗格到今天的超低排放窗户。虽然最早的节能窗户是使用真空烧瓶原理建造的透明玻璃板夹层,但现代低排放窗户包括金属和/或金属氧化物涂层的玻璃。这种涂层造成了通信系统的无线电传播问题;可以用来保护建筑物免受故意电磁干扰(IEMI)攻击并帮助防止信息泄露的东西。本文介绍了不同型号窗户的屏蔽性能和窗玻璃质量的测量结果。其目的是将研究结果纳入保护关键基础设施的国际电磁干扰准则。测量使用两种互补的方法;在嵌套混响室和半消声室中,都在1 - 18 GHz范围内。结果显示了明显的产生依赖性,其中节能窗口在很大程度上根本不会衰减射频信号,低发射窗口提供10到45 dB之间的屏蔽效能值,在频谱的上半部分可能高达60 dB左右。
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引用次数: 25
Mutual couplings between EMI filter components 电磁干扰滤波器元件之间的相互耦合
Pub Date : 2015-09-14 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.2015.7256286
G. Asmanis, D. Stepins, A. Ašmanis, L. Ribickis
This paper deals with modeling of mutual couplings between passive EMI filter components: inductors and capacitors positioned on printed circuit board. 3D electromagnetic software CST MWS is used for the modeling. Three scenarios are considered: mutual couplings between two capacitors, mutual couplings between two inductors and mutual couplings between inductor and capacitor. Modeling results are verified experimentally using a vector network analyzer. Comparison of the measurement and modeling results shows that transfer coefficients and mutual inductance between two capacitors can be predicted accurately. However modeling of the mutual couplings between two inductors has the lowest accuracy.
本文讨论了在印刷电路板上的无源电磁干扰滤波元件电感和电容之间相互耦合的建模问题。采用三维电磁软件CST MWS进行建模。考虑了三种情况:两个电容器之间的相互耦合,两个电感之间的相互耦合以及电感与电容器之间的相互耦合。利用矢量网络分析仪对建模结果进行了验证。实测结果与建模结果的比较表明,可以准确地预测两个电容之间的传递系数和互感。然而,两个电感器之间相互耦合的建模精度最低。
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引用次数: 10
High power radiators and E-field sensors for sub-nanosecond electromagnetic pulses 用于亚纳秒级电磁脉冲的高功率辐射器和e场传感器
Pub Date : 2015-09-14 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.2015.7256327
V. M. Fedorov, V. Y. Ostashev, V. Tarakanov, A. V. Ul’yanov
Paper describes the results and problems around creation and diagnostics both the high power radiators and the E-field strip-line sensors of the directional wave coupler type. They were used in technique of short electromagnetic pulsed (EMP) waves with ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency spectrum (0.1 GHz -10 GHz) and high pulsed power. The E-field strip-line antenna sensors connected to digital oscilloscopes were used to measure the pulsed electromagnetic transverse (TEM) travelingwaves. The high power pulsed radiators were constructed with the UWB radiation antennas of a TEM-horn type and the pulsed high power semiconductor generators (“FID Technology” comp). It was made models of compact autonomous radiators with the generators for 10-100 kV pulsed voltages and 1-100 kHz repetition rate pulses with control synchronizing. New E-field sensor of non-symmetrical two-wire type has dielectric stalk with high ε=16 and small cross-section. Sensors were tested experimentally by using the compact line-cell with TEM waves. The test results were the 0.32 V/(kV/m) E-field sensitivity, 0.03 ns rise-time and up to 7 ns pulse duration without signal distortions. The results were in good accordance with the computer simulation by electromagnetic 3-D code “KARAT”. The EMP radiation with the E(t)-field amplitudes of levels 10 kV/m can be successfully used to examine various electronic devices on electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).
本文介绍了大功率辐射器和定向波耦合器型电磁场带线传感器的研制和诊断结果及存在的问题。它们被用于超宽带(0.1 GHz -10 GHz)频谱的短电磁脉冲(EMP)技术和高脉冲功率。利用与数字示波器连接的电磁场带线天线传感器对脉冲电磁横行波进行了测量。高功率脉冲辐射体采用tem -喇叭型超宽带辐射天线和脉冲高功率半导体发生器(“FID Technology”comp)构成。建立了具有10- 100kv脉冲电压和1- 100khz重复频率脉冲控制同步发生器的紧凑型自主散热器模型。新型非对称双线式电场传感器具有高ε=16和小截面的介电杆。利用瞬变电磁波对传感器进行了实验测试。实验结果表明,该系统具有0.32 V/(kV/m)的电场灵敏度、0.03 ns的上升时间和长达7 ns的脉冲持续时间,且无信号畸变。结果与电磁三维代码“KARAT”的计算机模拟结果吻合较好。E(t)场幅值为10 kV/m的电磁脉冲辐射可以成功地用于检测各种电子设备的电磁兼容性(EMC)。
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引用次数: 4
Hole inductance in braided cable shields 编织电缆屏蔽中的孔电感
Pub Date : 2015-09-14 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.2015.7256132
H. Schippers, J. Verpoorte
The shielding effectiveness of metal braids of cables is governed by the geometry and the materials of the braid. The shielding effectiveness can be characterised by the transfer impedance of the metal braid. Analytical models for the transfer impedance contain in general two components, one representing diffusion of electromagnetic energy through the metal braid, and a second part representing leakage of magnetic fields through the braid. The second part is a local phenomenon, which again has three parts: hole inductance, braid inductance and skin inductance. The hole inductance is governed by the penetration of magnetic fields through the apertures of the braid. Well-known analytical models overestimate the contribution of the hole inductance by a factor two. This can be easily corrected by multiplying the hole inductance terms by a factor (2/π)3/2.
电缆金属编织带的屏蔽效果受其几何形状和材料的影响。屏蔽效果可以用金属编织带的传递阻抗来表征。传递阻抗的解析模型一般包含两部分,一部分表示电磁能量通过金属编织带的扩散,另一部分表示磁场通过编织带的泄漏。第二部分是局部现象,又分为三部分:孔电感、编织电感和表皮电感。孔电感是由磁场穿过编织孔的穿透来控制的。众所周知的分析模型将空穴电感的贡献高估了2倍。这可以很容易地通过将空穴电感项乘以一个因子(2/π)3/2来修正。
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引用次数: 8
On the derivation of generalized transmission line equations of cylindrical waveguides with irregular deformed surfaces 曲面不规则变形圆柱波导广义传输线方程的推导
Pub Date : 2015-09-14 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.2015.7256271
W. Mathis, R. Mathis
In general Maxwell's equations cannot be solved in an analytic manner but numerous methods for the approximation of these equations are available. On the other hand Maxwell's equations can be transformed into ordinary differential equations of the transmission line type under certain conditions. In this paper we will discuss such cases where the electromagnetic field can be calculated for the original geometry by means of generalized transmission line equations. Subsequently we will discuss whether these equations can be derived also if the boundary conditions are disturbed in an irregular manner.
一般来说,麦克斯韦方程组不能用解析的方式求解,但有许多近似这些方程的方法。另一方面,在一定条件下,麦克斯韦方程组可以转化为传输线型的常微分方程。本文将讨论用广义传输线方程对原几何形状计算电磁场的情况。随后,我们将讨论如果边界条件受到不规则扰动,是否也可以导出这些方程。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
2015 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
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