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Critical reading of online news commentary headlines: Stylistic and pragmatic aspects 网络新闻评论标题的批评性阅读:文体和语用方面
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/topling-2019-0011
Alan Dykstra
Abstract In doing a critical reading of news commentary headlines drawn from a corpus, this study uses critical stylistics as an initial tool for delineating the headlines’ textual, ideational and interpersonal features and also for categorizing them according to the main type of triggering located in their respective textual-conceptual functions. Presuppositions are found to be a key device in constructing the headlines’ ideational “text-worlds”, which can strategically activate readers’ “belief systems knowledge” and rapidly validate or shape their attitudes regarding social reality, even when a headline is being scanned and read autonomously on a mobile device platform. To better understand the contextual and representational role of these news commentary headlines in contemporary journalistic knowledge production and reception, this research examines their stylistic and syntactic design, identifying accompanying characteristics such as embedded ideological perspectives and propositional interpretive frameworks, while noting the headlines’ specialized positioning as cohesive interpolating texts in the digital news ecosystem.
摘要在对语料库中的新闻评论标题进行批判性阅读时,本研究使用批判性文体学作为初步工具来描述标题的文本、概念和人际特征,并根据其各自文本概念功能中的主要触发类型对其进行分类。预设被发现是构建标题概念“文本世界”的关键设备,它可以战略性地激活读者的“信仰系统知识”,并快速验证或塑造他们对社会现实的态度,即使标题是在移动设备平台上自主扫描和阅读的。为了更好地理解这些新闻评论标题在当代新闻知识生产和接受中的语境和表征作用,本研究考察了它们的文体和句法设计,确定了嵌入的意识形态视角和命题解释框架等伴随特征,同时注意到标题在数字新闻生态系统中作为有凝聚力的插入文本的专门定位。
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引用次数: 2
Intercultural variation in academic discourse: Theme zones and the build-up of coherence in research articles 学术话语中的跨文化差异:研究论文的主题区和连贯性的建立
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/topling-2019-0008
Irena Hůlková, Olga Dontcheva-Navratilova, Renata Jančaříková, J. Schmied
Abstract This paper explores the form and function of the initial part of a sentence, the “Theme zone” (Hannay, 1994; Fetzer, 2008), in the genre of research articles, with a threefold purpose. First, it deals with a comparative analysis of Theme zone patterns (i.e. employment of simple and multiple Themes – the latter being several different configurations of topical, interpersonal and textual Themes) in a corpus of research articles written by English authors and Czech EAL writers. The aim is to determine to what extent these writers differ in thematization and trace possible reasons for the differences. Second, the study offers an intercultural comparison of the realizations of topical, interpersonal and textual Themes, and finally, it looks into thematic progression in two excerpts from the corpus and how the Theme zone contributes to the construal of textual, interpersonal and topical coherence. In all three parts, intercultural variation can be observed, be it Czech authors’ preference for the [textual Theme] [topical Theme] configuration, their more frequent use of exclusive we and abstract rhetors in topical Themes and higher employment of textual Themes in the Theme zone, or their inclination to build coherence on a local rather than a more global level.
摘要本文探讨了句子开头部分“主题区”的形式和功能(Hannay, 1994;Fetzer, 2008),在研究文章的流派,具有三重目的。首先,本文对英语作者和捷克语EAL作者的研究论文语料库中的主题区模式(即简单主题和多重主题的使用,后者是话题主题、人际主题和语篇主题的几种不同配置)进行了比较分析。目的是确定这些作家在主题化方面的差异程度,并找出差异的可能原因。其次,本研究对话题、人际和语篇主位的实现进行了跨文化比较,最后,从两个语料库节选中研究了主位的进展,以及主位区如何有助于语篇、人际和语篇连贯的解释。在这三个部分中,可以观察到跨文化差异,无论是捷克作者对[语篇主题][专题主题]结构的偏好,他们在专题主题中更频繁地使用专属的we和抽象修辞,在主题区更多地使用语篇主题,还是他们倾向于在当地而不是全球层面上建立连贯。
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引用次数: 3
But, you see, the problem is … Perception verbs in courtroom talk: Focus on you see 但是,你看,问题是……法庭谈话中的感知动词:专注于你看到的
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/topling-2019-0002
Magdalena Szczyrbak
Abstract This article seeks to contribute to the body of research on the use of perception verbs in interaction and, more specifically, to enhance the understanding of how participants in courtroom proceedings exploit you see to manage the discourse as it unfolds and to negotiate stance. Against the background of earlier work on vision words in interaction, the study looks at parenthetical and non-parenthetical you see to reveal both perceptual and cognitive uses, and to identify their local pragmatic effect. As the analysis indicates, in the data at hand, lexical you see is more readily recruited than non-lexical you see, and it is found chiefly in grammatical and declarative questions. At the same time, it is the clause-initial you see that visibly brings out the epistemic tensions between the speakers and serves to contest the addressee’s position. The study corroborates the claim that you see is an argumentative marker, whose meaning (and force) depends on its formal properties (position, complementation) and the relationship between the speakers.
摘要本文旨在为感知动词在互动中的使用研究做出贡献,更具体地说,旨在加深对法庭诉讼参与者如何利用你所看到的来管理话语和谈判立场的理解。在早期关于视觉词在互动中的作用的研究背景下,该研究着眼于你所看到的插入语和非插入语,以揭示感知和认知用途,并确定其局部语用效果。正如分析所表明的,在手头的数据中,你看到的词汇比你看到的非词汇更容易被吸收,而且它主要出现在语法和陈述性问题中。同时,正是你看到的从句首字母明显地引起了说话人之间的认识紧张,并有助于质疑收件人的立场。这项研究证实了你所看到的是一种议论文标记的说法,其含义(和力量)取决于其形式性质(位置、互补性)和说话者之间的关系。
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引用次数: 3
Metonymy and frame integration: Interfacing between concepts and discourse 转喻与框架整合:概念与话语的对接
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/topling-2019-0001
Georgios Ioannou
Abstract This article inquiries into specific aspects of the relation between conceptual contiguity found in metonymic shifts and the online construction of frames, seen as a dynamic process of construal. It first reviews the theory of metonymy regarding the conceptual, lexical and contextual facets of the phenomenon. It then explores the possibility of extending the conceptual relevance of metonymy beyond the traditional typological approach of metonymic categorization, re-interpreting it as a frame-integration mechanism, or blending, whereby two frames are brought together into an extended ICM. Metonymic blending is formulated as a partial integration between two input spaces discursively driven, whereby an ad hoc identification of a referential commonness plays the role of the generic space of the blending. Subsequently, in the light of the assumption that frame-extension is not given categorically but it also includes – beyond its cognitive relevance – an interactional aspect, this analysis draws an interesting link: that between the generic space of metonymic blend, and common ground. The latter is precisely what facilitates the metonymic blend, regulating the distance between the integrated frames, at the same time remaining silent as discursively given information.
摘要本文探讨了转喻转换中的概念邻接与框架的在线构建之间关系的具体方面,框架的在线建构被视为一个动态的构念过程。它首先从概念、词汇和语境三个方面回顾了转喻理论。然后,它探索了将转喻的概念相关性扩展到传统的转喻分类类型学方法之外的可能性,将其重新解释为一种框架整合机制,或融合,从而将两个框架整合到一个扩展的ICM中。转喻混合被表述为话语驱动的两个输入空间之间的部分整合,从而对指称共性的特别识别起到混合的一般空间的作用。随后,鉴于框架延伸不是明确给出的,但它除了认知相关性之外还包括一个互动方面的假设,本分析得出了一个有趣的联系:转喻融合的一般空间和共同点之间的联系。后者正是促进转喻融合的原因,调节了整合框架之间的距离,同时保持沉默作为话语给定的信息。
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引用次数: 2
The writer’s pragmatic aims attainment in Doris Lessing’s To Room Nineteen: A cognitive linguistics view 从认知语言学角度看多丽丝·莱辛《到十九号房间》中的语用目的实现
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/topling-2019-0003
Yakiv Bystrov, Diana Sabadash
Abstract This paper presents an inquiry into the cognitive-pragmatic specifics of To Room Nineteen by Doris Lessing. Its major goal is to investigate the cognitive means that enable the fulfilment of the writer’s pragmatic aims in the process of literary communication. The research reveals the writer’s aims of raising the problem of women in a patriarchal society and of intensifying manipulative influence upon the reader, which were achieved via the implicit concept of NEUROSIS and the CONTAINER concept used to metaphorically interpret the described events. The investigation proved that the concept of NEUROSIS intensifies psychological manipulation of the reader, ensuring the reader’s engagement in message creation, preserving the reader’s trust regardless of the transference of inaccurate information, etc. It participates in the reader’s neural simulation through nomination of somatisms, retrieval of memories from previous painful experiences, the activation of the “mirroring” phenomenon, etc. Metaphoric modelling provides a psychological manipulation of the reader’s perception through shading and highlighting of the appropriate facets, creating proper associations and establishing specific images. It implements activation of the neural activity, creating imaginative simulation of the reader’s body in action and involving personal cognitive experiences.
摘要本文对多丽丝·莱辛的《致十九号房间》的认知语用特点进行了探讨。它的主要目的是研究在文学交际过程中实现作者语用目的的认知手段。这项研究揭示了作者提出父权社会中女性问题和加强对读者的操纵影响的目的,这是通过隐含的神经系统概念和用于隐喻解释所描述事件的容器概念来实现的。调查证明,NEUROSIS的概念强化了读者的心理操纵,确保了读者参与信息创作,在不准确信息传递的情况下保持了读者的信任等,隐喻建模通过遮蔽和突出适当的方面,创造适当的联想和建立特定的图像,为读者的感知提供了心理操纵。它实现了神经活动的激活,创造了读者身体在行动中的想象模拟,并涉及个人认知体验。
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引用次数: 2
Exploring syntactic complexity and its relationship with writing quality in EFL argumentative essays 探讨英语议论文的句法复杂性及其与写作质量的关系
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/topling-2019-0005
F. Shadloo, Hesamoddin Shahriari Ahmadi, B. Ghonsooly
Abstract To predict syntactic complexity in second/foreign language writing, some studies have advocated the use of T-unit and clausal subordination measures while others have argued for the use of phrase-based measures. This study seeks to identify syntactic features that can be regarded as discriminators among different levels of writing quality. For this purpose, a corpus of argumentative essays by EFL learners was compiled and then the essays were rated and placed into three groups of high-rated, mid-rated, and low-rated essays. The corpus was then coded and analysed for both phrasal and clausal features. The phrasal features were manually coded based on the development scheme hypothesized by Biber, Gray and Poonpon (2011) for academic writing, and the clausal features were analysed using the online L2 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer developed by Lu (2010). A separate ANOVA test was used to compare the three groups of essays for each of the phrasal and clausal features. The findings of the current study demonstrated that subordination and dependent clauses were not good indicators of different writing qualities in our corpus. Also, the pattern of noun phrase complexity predicted by Biber et al. (2011) was not observed across argumentative essays from three different levels of writing quality.
为了预测二语/外语写作中的句法复杂性,一些研究主张使用t单位和小句从属度量,而另一些研究则主张使用基于短语的度量。本研究旨在找出可以被视为不同写作质量水平的区别的句法特征。为此,我们收集了英语学习者的议论文语料库,然后对这些论文进行评分,并将其分为高评分、中评分和低评分三组。然后对语料库进行编码并分析短语和小句的特征。根据Biber, Gray和Poonpon(2011)为学术写作假设的发展方案,对短语特征进行人工编码,并使用Lu(2010)开发的在线L2句法复杂性分析器对小句特征进行分析。使用单独的方差分析检验来比较三组文章的每个短语和小句特征。本研究的结果表明,在我们的语料库中,从属句和从属句并不是不同写作质量的良好指标。此外,Biber等人(2011)预测的名词短语复杂性模式并没有在三个不同写作质量水平的议论文中观察到。
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引用次数: 2
Literal meaning: A first step to meaning interpretation 字面意思:解释意思的第一步
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/topling-2018-0012
Sufyan Abuarrah
Abstract Some traditional accounts view literal meaning (LM) as the central component in the process of meaning interpretation. This paper supports this view while adding that LM is the first but not the only piece of evidence available to the hearer of the speaker’s meaning. After critically evaluating examples from previous studies and my own examples, the study concludes that discourse comprehension is a sequential and graded process. To understand the significance of LM as evidence in the process of meaning understanding, the study has to reconsider the notion of evidence according to Relevance Theory (RT) and define the vigorously debated term of LM. The results from this study suggest that literal meaning is initial and context is subsequential; while both co-determine the speaker’s meaning in implicature, the latter enriches the speaker’s meaning into a higher order speech act in explicature.
一些传统的解释将字面意义(LM)视为意义解释过程中的核心组成部分。本文支持这一观点,同时补充说,LM是听者获得的第一个证据,但不是唯一的证据。在批判性地评价了以往研究中的例子和我自己的例子后,研究得出结论,语篇理解是一个顺序的、分级的过程。为了理解LM作为证据在意义理解过程中的重要性,研究必须根据关联理论重新考虑证据的概念,并对LM这个备受争议的术语进行定义。研究结果表明:字面意义是首要的,语境是次要的;二者在隐含意义上共同决定说话人的意义,而后者在明确意义上则将说话人的意义丰富为更高层次的言语行为。
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引用次数: 1
On some persuasive strategies in technical discourse: Cross-cultural analysis of directives in English and Czech technical manuals 论技术语篇中的说服策略:英语和捷克语技术手册指令的跨文化分析
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/topling-2018-0011
Renata Povolná
Abstract The aim of the paper is to provide a cross-cultural analysis of selected linguistic realizations of persuasion in the language of technical communication represented by the genre of technical manuals (TM) and to identify the differences and similarities between the ways persuasion is expressed in this type of specialized discourse in English and Czech. More specifically, the paper attempts to discover which linguistic realizations of directives are applied to persuade the readers of the correctness of the instructions and the necessity of reading and following them. The results demonstrate that the main lexico-grammatical devices are quite similar in all the data. There are only minor frequency differences between English and Czech manuals, which are naturally reflected in their parallel Czech and English translations. The findings indicate that the quality of written instructions, including the degree of persuasiveness, is of great importance since it can influence prospective users of particular technical devices when making a choice about what to buy.
摘要本文的目的是对以技术手册(TM)为代表的技术交流语言中说服的语言实现进行跨文化分析,并确定英语和捷克语在这类专业话语中表达说服的方式之间的异同。更具体地说,本文试图发现指令的哪些语言实现被用来说服读者指令的正确性以及阅读和遵循指令的必要性。结果表明,在所有数据中,主要的词典语法手段都非常相似。英语和捷克语手册之间只有细微的频率差异,这自然反映在它们的捷克语和英语平行翻译中。研究结果表明,书面说明的质量,包括说服力的程度,是非常重要的,因为它可以影响特定技术设备的潜在用户在选择购买什么时的影响。
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引用次数: 7
The meaning and development of the Hebrew scalar modifier kexol 希伯来语标量修饰语“keol”的意义和发展
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/topling-2018-0009
Hagit Shefer
Abstract The purpose of this paper is twofold; first, it aims to explore the variety of interpretations of the partially schematic Hebrew construction kexol as in kexol she’ratsiti (‘as much as I wanted’) within the framework of construction grammar; second, it aims to account for this variety through a demonstration of the interrelation between the grammaticalization of the construction and the process of (inter)subjectification or speech-act orientation. The analysis will show that this interrelation has resulted in considerable internal variation in meaning and function in the present day. Corpus findings reveal that initially kexol functioned as a compound consisting of a preposition and a universal quantifier to denote a relation of similarity and comparison. As a result of speaker orientation, the construction has come to exhibit a higher degree of grammaticality in its function as a scalar modifier. Additional schematic and procedural meanings which developed later seem to be the result of hearer-orientation and discourse-orientation tendencies all subsumed under the cover term speech-act orientation
摘要本文的目的是双重的;首先,它旨在探索在构造语法的框架内对部分示意性希伯来语结构kexol的各种解释,如kexol she’ratiti(“as many as I wanted”);其次,它旨在通过证明结构的语法化与(相互)主体化过程或言语行为定向之间的相互关系来解释这种多样性。分析表明,这种相互关系导致了当今意义和功能的巨大内部变化。语料库的发现表明,kexol最初是一个由介词和通用量词组成的复合词,用来表示相似和比较的关系。由于说话人定向的结果,该结构作为标量修饰语的功能已经表现出更高程度的语法性。后来发展起来的额外的图式和程序意义似乎是听话者取向和话语取向的结果,它们都包含在“言语行为取向”这一覆盖词之下
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引用次数: 2
Crimson: More than a shade of red (dictionary definitions versus context use) 深红:不只是深红(字典定义与上下文使用)
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/topling-2018-0008
I. Tolochin, A. Tkalich
Abstract The paper proposes a study of a sample of 1,000 contexts for crimson, both the adjective and noun, in COCA with the aim of pointing out the insufficient and inaccurate dictionary definitions of crimson. The paper reveals the ambivalent nature of the meaning of crimson and offers a model of the senses of the crimson-adjective, demonstrating also the relative frequencies of the homonymous nouns within each of the senses. The key point of the paper consists in revealing the complex semantic structure of this adjective and its homonymous noun involving a broad range of synesthetic responses to positive and negative experiences of crimson as a visual aspect of a situation represented by various contexts. The analysis also demonstrates a correlation between the different senses of crimson, both noun and adjective, and the specific genres of text.
摘要:本文通过对《古柯》中“crimson”的形容词和名词的1000个语境样本进行研究,指出词典中对“crimson”的定义不足和不准确。本文揭示了“crimson”词义的矛盾性,提出了“crimson”形容词词义的模型,并展示了“crimson”同义名词在每个词义中的相对频率。本文的重点在于揭示这个形容词及其同音名词的复杂语义结构,包括对红色作为一种由不同语境所代表的情景的视觉方面的积极和消极体验的广泛联觉反应。分析还表明,名词和形容词的不同含义与特定的文本体裁之间存在相关性。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Topics in Linguistics
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