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Domestication of Russian Cuisine in the United States: Wanda L Frolov’s Katish: Our Russian Cook (1947) 俄罗斯美食在美国的本土化:旺达·弗洛洛夫的《卡蒂什:我们的俄罗斯厨师》(1947)
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/culture-2022-0182
Sasha Razor
Abstract This article examines Wanda L Frolov’s cookbook, Katish: Our Russian Cook (1947) as a transitional text that navigates the food diplomacy of World War II and the Cold War “Red Scare.” The book narrates the story of two women from different parts of the world and walks of life – an American widow and a refugee widow from Russia – who lived together in Southern California during Prohibition. The plot is presented through the point-of-view of one of the characters, Sis, as she recounts her childhood memories, while recipes come in clusters triggered by specific vignettes. Using irony, exoticisms, and literary and cultural allusions, the cookbook embodies the journey of the Russian character from her home country to the United States through American recipes. In Katish: Our Russian Cook, Frolov created an original character who asserts herself in the female space of the kitchen while adjusting to a new country. This adjustment is reflected in the hybrid Russian–American menu, which represents a radical departure from the three decades worth of auto-ethnographic cookbooks produced by the white émigrés in the United States. Frolov’s mode of representation of the Russian identity is fused with consumer potential as a positive force, while the child’s eye view of the story obfuscates the refugee trauma narrative. Released before the advent of television cooking shows and food editor conferences, Katish: Our Russian Cook mapped the local Los Angeles culinary scene in the 1920s and contributed to the development of the culinary memoir writing genre. Published first during the Cold War and republished by Ruth Reichl in 2001, it serves as a pertinent example of American integration and domestication of Russianness.
摘要本文考察了Wanda L Frolov的烹饪书《Katish:Our Russian Cook》(1947),这本书是一本过渡文本,讲述了第二次世界大战和冷战时期的粮食外交“红色恐慌”。“这本书讲述了两位来自世界不同地区和各行各业的女性——一位美国寡妇和一位来自俄罗斯的难民寡妇——在禁酒期间共同生活在南加州的故事。剧情是通过其中一个角色Sis的视角呈现的,她讲述了自己的童年记忆,而食谱则由特定的小插曲引发。这本食谱运用了讽刺、异国情调以及文学和文化典故,体现了俄罗斯角色通过美国食谱从祖国到美国的旅程。在《卡蒂什:我们的俄罗斯厨师》中,弗罗洛夫塑造了一个原创角色,她在厨房的女性空间中自我定位,同时适应了一个新的国家。这种调整反映在俄美混合菜单上,这与美国白人移民制作的30年汽车民族志食谱截然不同。弗罗洛夫对俄罗斯身份的表现方式与作为积极力量的消费者潜力融合在一起,而孩子对故事的视角模糊了难民创伤的叙事。《卡蒂什:我们的俄罗斯厨师》在电视烹饪节目和美食编辑会议出现之前发行,描绘了20世纪20年代洛杉矶当地的烹饪场景,并为烹饪回忆录写作流派的发展做出了贡献。它在冷战期间首次出版,并由鲁思·赖歇尔于2001年再版,是美国融合和俄罗斯化的一个恰当例子。
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引用次数: 0
Rousseau’s Herbarium, or The Art of Living Together 卢梭的植物标本馆,或共同生活的艺术
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/culture-2022-0167
Synne Ytre Arne
Abstract In his botanical writings, Jean-Jacques Rousseau repeatedly returns to the idea that botanising exercises our faculty of attentive observation and teaches us to “see well.” Through botanical practice, we learn to transfer our attention from the self to what lies outside it and, specifically, to perceive other individual realities as they really are. To Rousseau, seeing well is not a matter of mere accuracy, but of disinterestedness and attention to the particularities of others, and the perceptual competences that he thought we might attain from botany have parallels in moral perception. Teasing out some of these parallels, this article’s main objective is to establish that the botanical gaze that Rousseau cultivates in his final years is moral in character and that it promotes wisdom and virtues indispensable to the moral education of man.
在他的植物学著作中,让-雅克·卢梭反复强调植物学锻炼了我们细心观察的能力,教会我们“看得清楚”。通过植物学的实践,我们学会了将注意力从自我转移到外在的事物上,具体地说,就是去感知其他个体的真实存在。对卢梭来说,看得好不仅仅是准确的问题,而是对他人的特殊性的无私和关注,他认为我们可能从植物学中获得的感知能力与道德感知有相似之处。梳理出其中的一些相似之处,本文的主要目的是确立卢梭在他最后的岁月里培养的植物学视角是道德的,它促进了人类道德教育不可或缺的智慧和美德。
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引用次数: 0
Aspects of Visual Content Covered in the Audio Description of Arabic Series: A Corpus-assisted Study 阿拉伯语系列音频描述所涵盖的视觉内容方面:语料库辅助研究
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/culture-2022-0174
N. Darwish, Ahmad S. Haider, Hadeel Saed
Abstract People with visual impairment need a special form of audio-visual translation (AVT) to have access to multimedia products such as series and movies. Audio description (AD) is an AVT mode that describes what is happening in the images through words. It is a necessary accessibility tool that allows the blind and visually impaired to visualize scenes through spoken material. This study examines the types of information covered in the AD of the Jordanian Netflix drama series ‘Madrast Al-Rawabi LilBanat’ (AlRawabi School for Girls) following a corpus-assisted approach. Subsequent to watching the series and transcribing the verbal AD content, the researchers conducted frequency and concordance (KWIC) analyses using the Wordsmith 6 (WS6) software package to identify the categories of information covered in the AD. The findings showed six categories, namely description of characters, description of actions, interpersonal interactions, description of settings, emotional states, and on-screen texts. This study recommends conducting further research on AD in the Arab world to expand the accessibility services provided by official TV channels and streaming platforms.
摘要视障人士需要一种特殊形式的视听翻译(AVT)才能接触到连续剧和电影等多媒体产品。音频描述(AD)是一种AVT模式,通过文字描述图像中发生的事情。它是一种必要的无障碍工具,可以让盲人和视障人士通过口语材料将场景可视化。本研究采用语料库辅助方法,研究了约旦网飞电视剧《Madrast Al Rawabi LilBanat》(AlRawabi女子学校)广告中涵盖的信息类型。在观看了该系列节目并转录了口头广告内容后,研究人员使用Wordsmith 6(WS6)软件包进行了频率和一致性(KWIC)分析,以确定广告中涵盖的信息类别。研究结果显示了六个类别,即人物描述、动作描述、人际互动、环境描述,情绪状态和屏幕文本。这项研究建议对阿拉伯世界的广告进行进一步研究,以扩大官方电视频道和流媒体平台提供的无障碍服务。
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引用次数: 1
On the Happening of “Frank’s Place”: A Neo-Heideggerian Psychogeographic Appreciation of an Enchanted Locale 论“弗兰克的地方”的发生:新海德格尔对一个迷人场所的心理地理欣赏
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/culture-2022-0180
A. Urie
Abstract In this experimental article, I employ what I term a neo-Heideggerian approach that entails harnessing a selective amalgamation of the thought of Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) as a hermeneutical energy, which I direct towards my account of a series of personal psychogeographic experiences that have entailed encounters with an enchanted social space otherwise obscured within the working-class suburb of Scarborough, Ontario (Canada). I engage this neo-Heideggerian hermeneutical energy not as a professional philosopher but rather as a working culturalist interested in exploring how Heidegger’s thought can be made “to do” in the contemporary multicultural world. Accordingly, I seek to redeem his thinking from crass accusations of being commensurate with a white-inflected blood and soil nationalism.
摘要在这篇实验性文章中,我采用了我所称的新海德格尔方法,该方法需要将马丁·海德格尔(1889-1976)的思想选择性地融合为一种解释学能量,这是我对一系列个人心理地理经历的描述,这些经历涉及到在安大略省斯卡伯勒工人阶级郊区(加拿大)的一个迷人的社会空间。我不是作为一个职业哲学家,而是作为一个有兴趣探索如何使海德格尔的思想在当代多元文化世界中“发挥作用”的在职文化主义者,来参与这种新海德格尔的解释学能量。因此,我试图将他的思想从与白人血统和土壤民族主义相称的粗鲁指责中救赎出来。
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引用次数: 0
Youth and Intergenerational Transmission of Cultural Intelligence in Latvia, Spain and Turkey 拉脱维亚、西班牙和土耳其的青年与文化智力的代际传递
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/culture-2022-0183
I. Kačāne, Y. Şentürk, Marta Rovira Martínez
Abstract The article is based on the data obtained from the qualitative research on intergenerational dynamics of cultural socialization representing 31 family cases in Latvia, Catalonia (Spain), and Turkey. It is aimed at exploring in what ways young people’s (age range 14–25) cultural intelligence is shaped and how the degrees of openness to inter-group communication are developed. The article focuses on the everyday interactions of young people around their neighbourhoods, by examining their reported perceptions and modes of participation. It also explores the experience of young people with cultural diversity, and cultural interactions as a cultural capital, including how intergenerational relationships and dynamics take part in the formation of cultural intelligence of young people. The research findings on the transmission of cultural intelligence demonstrate that openness and experience are crucial in adapting to various forms of intergroup communication, such as intercultural processes, culturally diverse environments, and interactions with people from different cultures. Consequently, expanding cross-cultural experiences and broadening experiences can effectively challenge and redefine stereotypical biases, ultimately reaching broader segments of societies and enhancing effective communication both within the home country and beyond.
摘要本文基于对拉脱维亚、加泰罗尼亚(西班牙)和土耳其31个家庭案例的文化社会化代际动态的定性研究数据。它旨在探索年轻人(年龄在14-25岁之间)的文化智力是如何形成的,以及群体间交流的开放程度是如何发展的。这篇文章通过研究年轻人报告的看法和参与模式,重点关注他们在社区周围的日常互动。它还探讨了具有文化多样性的年轻人的经历,以及作为文化资本的文化互动,包括代际关系和动态如何参与年轻人文化智慧的形成。关于文化智力传递的研究结果表明,开放性和经验对于适应各种形式的群体间交流至关重要,例如跨文化过程、文化多样性环境以及与不同文化的人的互动。因此,扩大跨文化经验和扩大经验可以有效地挑战和重新定义陈规定型的偏见,最终影响到更广泛的社会阶层,并加强国内外的有效沟通。
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引用次数: 0
Cultural Syncretism and Interpicturality: The Iconography of Throne Benches in Medieval Icelandic Book Painting 文化的融合与介入——中世纪冰岛书籍绘画中王座长凳的图像学
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/culture-2022-0166
S. Drechsler
Abstract In relation to the major topic of the present volume, this article is intended to provide new methodological and iconographic insights into the cultural adaptation and integration of European iconographic motifs in the medieval western Scandinavian arts and culture, as well as the relations between the iconographic detail and its surrounding texts. At the same time, this article offers a new approach to existing research on the basis of two methodological theories hitherto little investigated in iconographic research: cultural syncretism and interpicturality. In archaeology and media studies, these approaches are used to interpret cultural–historical artefacts that were created for one and then reused in a new context which may alter their meaning. The present article seeks to explain how both meaning and appearance of a single motif change between the vernacular texts it accompanies, and how the working methods of the illuminators differ between manuscripts. As a qualitative example, the investigation will focus on a complex iconographic motif that is found in six Icelandic manuscripts from the fourteenth century, namely the feature of animal heads as extensions on throne seats. Although little studied in the context of manuscripts, this is a motif widely used throughout the Middle Ages and with various secular and religious connotations. In particular, this is linked to the specific narrative roles that iconographic details play in relation to the written text and generally to the physical objects that carry both text and iconography: the manuscripts.
摘要关于本卷的主要主题,本文旨在为中世纪西方斯堪的纳维亚艺术和文化中欧洲图像主题的文化适应和融合,以及图像细节与其周围文本之间的关系提供新的方法论和图像学见解。同时,本文在图像学研究中迄今为止很少研究的两种方法论理论:文化融合论和语言间论的基础上,为现有的研究提供了一种新的途径。在考古学和媒体研究中,这些方法被用来解释文化历史文物,这些文物是为一个人创造的,然后在新的背景下重复使用,这可能会改变它们的意义。本文试图解释单个主题的含义和外观在其所附的白话文本之间是如何变化的,以及启蒙者的工作方法在手稿之间是如何不同的。作为一个定性的例子,调查将集中在十四世纪冰岛六份手稿中发现的一个复杂的肖像主题上,即动物头部作为王座延伸部分的特征。尽管很少在手稿的背景下进行研究,但这是一个在整个中世纪广泛使用的主题,具有各种世俗和宗教含义。特别是,这与图像细节在书面文本中所扮演的特定叙事角色有关,通常与携带文本和图像的实物(手稿)有关。
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引用次数: 0
Rethinking Agency in the European Debate about Virginity Certificates: Gender, Biopolitics, and the Construction of the Other 欧洲童贞证书辩论中的反思机构:性别、生命政治和他者的建构
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/culture-2022-0171
S. Tack
Abstract Several European countries have taken measures to discourage or ban physicians from issuing virginity certificates to migrant women, with the stated aim of protecting these women from oppression. Arguments against the practice are centred around questions of medical ethics, gender inequality, and autonomy. What underpins these arguments is an evaluation of whether women have a choice in matters related to their sexuality. This article shows that the reasons provided for why virginity certificates should not be issued can similarly be applied to the prescription of erectile dysfunction medication, yet the latter practice remains largely unquestioned. It argues that the discrepancy in approaches to both practices points to an a priori understanding of migrant women as non-agentic, grounded in racial gendered norms, and that agency is mobilised as a biopolitical tool to Other migrant women and communities. Current approaches towards virginity certificates thus replicate the oppression of the migrant women they (cl)aim to liberate.
几个欧洲国家已经采取措施阻止或禁止医生向移民妇女颁发处女证书,其目的是保护这些妇女免受压迫。反对这种做法的争论集中在医学伦理、性别不平等和自主权等问题上。支撑这些论点的是对女性在与性有关的问题上是否有选择权的评估。这篇文章表明,为什么不应该颁发童贞证书的原因同样适用于勃起功能障碍药物的处方,但后者的做法在很大程度上仍然没有受到质疑。它认为,对这两种做法的方法的差异表明,对移徙妇女的先验理解是基于种族性别规范的非能动性,并且能动性被动员为其他移徙妇女和社区的生物政治工具。因此,目前对处女证书的做法复制了他们(cl)旨在解放的移徙妇女的压迫。
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引用次数: 0
Rebuilding Authority in “Lumpen” Communities: The Need for Basic Income to Foster Entitlement 在“贫民窟”社区重建权威:基本收入促进权利的必要性
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/culture-2022-0190
Matthew Thomas Johnson
Abstract This article presents an immanent critique of neoliberal welfare reform using observation of participatory research involving left-behind communities in the North East of England and Australia. It argues that harms, such as passivity, invoked to reduce social security and increase conditionality are actually enhanced by austerity, conditionality and philanthropic giving. Deploying Mauss’ conception of the gift suggests that aggressive, conditional giving, combined with consumption through indebtedness, has served to strip individuals of authority. This leads to a radical conclusion: the stated aims of policy platforms like Big Society can only be realized through statutory entitlements like basic income.
摘要本文通过对英格兰东北部和澳大利亚留守社区参与性研究的观察,提出了对新自由主义福利改革的内在批判。它认为,为了减少社会保障和增加条件限制而援引的被动等危害,实际上会因紧缩、条件限制和慈善捐赠而加剧。采用莫斯的礼物概念表明,激进的、有条件的捐赠,加上通过负债进行的消费,已经剥夺了个人的权威。这导致了一个激进的结论:像“大社会”这样的政策平台的既定目标只能通过基本收入等法定权利来实现。
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引用次数: 1
A Russian Story in the USA: On the Identity of Post-Socialist Immigration 一个俄罗斯人在美国的故事:论后社会主义移民的身份
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/culture-2022-0175
Ekaterina Anastasova
Abstract This article presents the problem of identity construction among Eastern European immigrants to the USA after so-called “democratic changes.” It is based on the intercultural rather than multicultural approach which considers both the immigrants’ interactions with the host society and their individual choices in constructing identity and selecting a lifestyle. The article is a case study analyzing a “success story” of a person of Bulgarian–Russian origin who immigrated to the USA in the 1990s and built up his identity on the basis of a Russian national narrative. This narrative is rooted in Russian history, classic literature, and art, i.e., in high Russian culture. It serves as a framework for shaping the immigrant’s lifestyle as a whole and permeates the material culture of his home, reflecting the migrant’s perception of what is genuine Russianness. Family relations as well as friendships and relations with people frequenting his house are also aligned with ideas expressing the dominant motifs of the national narrative as it exists in the immigrant’s mind and imagination. Material for the chapter is drawn from fieldwork conducted by the author in 2015–2017 in New York and Long Island.
摘要本文提出了所谓“民主变革”后移居美国的东欧移民的身份建构问题。它基于跨文化而非多元文化的方法,既考虑了移民与东道国社会的互动,也考虑了他们在建构身份和选择生活方式方面的个人选择。这篇文章是一个案例研究,分析了一个保加利亚-俄罗斯血统的人的“成功故事”,他在20世纪90年代移民到美国,并在俄罗斯民族叙事的基础上建立了自己的身份。这种叙事植根于俄罗斯历史、古典文学和艺术,即俄罗斯高级文化。它是塑造移民整体生活方式的框架,并渗透到他家的物质文化中,反映了移民对什么是真正的俄罗斯主义的看法。家庭关系、友谊以及与经常光顾他的人的关系,也与表达国家叙事的主导主题的思想相一致,因为它存在于移民的脑海和想象中。本章材料来源于作者2015-2017年在纽约和长岛进行的实地调查。
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引用次数: 0
“I’ll see you again in twenty five years”: Life Course Fandom, Nostalgia and Cult Television Revivals “25年后再见”:人生历程粉丝圈,怀旧和Cult电视的复兴
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/culture-2022-0169
Bethan Jones
Abstract Since they first aired in the 1990s, Twin Peaks and The X-Files have been enduring hallmarks of cult television. This reputation only increased with the news that the shows were to be revived and, perhaps unsurprisingly, media discourse surrounding the revivals harkened back to the shows’ peaks. Yet this discourse also drew heavily on concepts of generational fandom and nostalgia. This article is interested in how and why fans of The X-Files and Twin Peaks use nostalgia to discuss their relationship with the shows and their own fandom. Drawing on qualitative research conducted with fans, this article identifies three forms of nostalgia specifically related to reboots, remakes or revivals: spatiotemporal nostalgia, textual nostalgia and communal nostalgia.
摘要自20世纪90年代首播以来,《双峰》和《X档案》一直是狂热电视的标志。这一声誉只会随着这些节目将被复兴的消息而增加,也许不足为奇的是,围绕复兴的媒体话语又回到了节目的巅峰。然而,这种话语也大量借鉴了世代粉丝和怀旧的概念。这篇文章感兴趣的是,《X档案》和《双峰》的粉丝们是如何以及为什么用怀旧来讨论他们与这些节目的关系以及他们自己的粉丝群体。根据对粉丝进行的定性研究,本文确定了三种与重启、翻拍或复兴特别相关的怀旧形式:时空怀旧、文本怀旧和社区怀旧。
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引用次数: 0
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Open Cultural Studies
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