Progress in Polymer Science最新文献_第5页

A decade of innovation: Synthesis, properties and applications of PLA copolymers 创新的十年：聚乳酸共聚物的合成、性能和应用

IF 26.1 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101991

Zoi Terzopoulou , Alexandra Zamboulis , Nikolaos D. Bikiaris , Eleftheria Xanthopoulou , Rafail O. Ioannidis , Dimitrios N. Bikiaris

Over the past decade, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) copolymers have emerged as a versatile class of materials, offering enhanced properties and broader application potential compared to neat PLA. As the leading biobased plastic, PLA has high strength, good processability, and industrial compostability; however, its brittleness, limited thermal stability, and slow (bio)degradation under ambient conditions hinder its widespread adoption in advanced applications. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of PLA-based copolymers, excluding PLA stereoisomers and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), focusing on their synthesis, structure-property relationships, and potential uses. Copolymerization strategies—including ring-opening polymerization (ROP), polycondensation, and controlled radical polymerization—enable precise control over PLA’s mechanical, thermal, and degradation characteristics. The incorporation of diverse comonomers, such as lactones, diacids, diols, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and naturally derived polymers, has led to copolymers with tuneable properties suited for packaging, textiles, biomedical applications, and sustainable materials engineering. Advances in block, random, and graft copolymer architectures further expand PLA's functionality, enabling the design of high-performance biobased materials. By summarizing recent findings, this review highlights how tailored PLA copolymers are shaping the future of sustainable polymers.

在过去的十年中，聚乳酸（PLA）共聚物已经成为一种多用途的材料，与纯PLA相比，具有增强的性能和更广泛的应用潜力。作为领先的生物基塑料，PLA具有高强度、高加工性和工业可堆肥性；然而，它的脆性、有限的热稳定性和在环境条件下缓慢的（生物）降解阻碍了它在高级应用中的广泛采用。本文综述了聚乳酸基共聚物（不包括聚乳酸立体异构体和聚乳酸-羟基乙酸）（PLGA），重点介绍了它们的合成、结构-性能关系和潜在用途。共聚策略-包括开环聚合（ROP），缩聚和可控自由基聚合-可以精确控制PLA的机械，热和降解特性。不同共聚单体的结合，如内酯、二酸、二醇、聚乙二醇（PEG）和天然衍生聚合物，导致共聚物具有可调节的性能，适用于包装、纺织品、生物医学应用和可持续材料工程。嵌段、随机和接枝共聚物结构的进步进一步扩展了PLA的功能，使高性能生物基材料的设计成为可能。通过总结最近的发现，这项工作强调了定制PLA共聚物如何塑造可持续聚合物的未来。

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引用次数: 0

Discreteness and dispersity in the design of polymeric materials 高分子材料设计中的离散性与分散性

IF 26 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101992

Alessio Lo Bocchiaro, Carlos Pavón, Francesca Lorandi, Edmondo M. Benetti

Nature produces macromolecules with discrete molar mass and precise composition, both of which are essential for ensuring structural control, distinctive properties, and specific functions. However, in some cases, bioderived components are heterogeneous in size, and this plays a crucial role in defining their physicochemical characteristics. In a similar way, polymer scientists have been striving to develop robust synthetic protocols to access macromolecules with homogeneous composition and discrete molar mass. Simultaneously, significant advances in controlled polymerization techniques have enabled the precise regulation of chain length heterogeneity, or dispersity (Đ), across a wide range of values. Achieving perfectly monodisperse polymers is not only a remarkable synthetic achievement but also provides fundamental building blocks for new classes of polymeric materials. These materials could be either free of defects or exhibit properties that are precisely tunable in a quantized manner. On the other hand, obtaining polymer samples with controlled dispersity provides an additional tuning parameter for the physicochemical properties of a variety of materials formulations. By leveraging macromolecular discreteness and fine-tuning polymer dispersity, we have expanded the toolbox for designing advanced “soft” materials. Block copolymers with discrete segment lengths or controlled dispersity can be used to create novel nanostructured materials. Stimuli-responsive polymeric systems can be engineered to precisely adjust their physical transitions while maintaining a constant chemical composition. In addition, tailoring polymer dispersity during the fabrication of gels and brush coatings enhances the ability to fine-tune their physicochemical properties, further broadening their potential applications.

大自然产生的大分子具有离散的摩尔质量和精确的组成，这两者对于确保结构控制、独特性质和特定功能都是必不可少的。然而，在某些情况下，生物衍生成分在尺寸上是不均匀的，这在确定其物理化学特性方面起着至关重要的作用。类似地，聚合物科学家一直在努力开发强大的合成方案，以获得具有均匀组成和离散摩尔质量的大分子。同时，控制聚合技术的重大进展已经能够精确调节链长非均质性或分散性（Đ），范围很广。实现完美的单分散聚合物不仅是一项了不起的合成成就，而且为新型聚合物材料提供了基本的构建模块。这些材料要么没有缺陷，要么表现出以量子化方式精确可调的特性。另一方面，获得分散可控的聚合物样品为各种材料配方的物理化学性质提供了额外的调整参数。通过利用大分子的离散性和微调聚合物的分散性，我们已经扩展了设计先进“软”材料的工具箱。具有离散段长度或控制分散性的嵌段共聚物可用于制造新型纳米结构材料。刺激响应聚合物系统可以设计成精确地调整其物理转变，同时保持恒定的化学成分。此外，在凝胶和刷刷涂层的制造过程中，调整聚合物的分散性可以提高其物理化学性质的微调能力，进一步扩大其潜在的应用范围。

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引用次数: 0

Polymer Chain-End Chemistry: Unlocking Next-Generation Functional Materials 聚合物链端化学：解锁下一代功能材料

IF 27.1 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.102003

Hojun Lee, Yeonji Lee, Namjun Kim, Moon Jeong Park

End-group functionalization has emerged as a powerful and versatile strategy in polymer science, offering precise control over physical properties, nanoscale self-assembly, and interfacial functionality without altering the polymer backbone. This review summarizes recent progress in the chemistry and applications of end-functionalized polymers across three thematic domains. First, we examine how tailored end groups influence intrinsic polymer properties, including thermal transitions, solubility, crystallization behaviors, and interfacial adhesion. Second, we explore the role of end-group interactions in directing polymer self-assembly, emphasizing their ability to modulate chain packing, interfacial curvature, and phase behavior in block copolymer systems, particularly in the formation of complex network morphologies. Third, we highlight the growing technological relevance of end-functionalized polymers with network morphologies in emerging applications such as solid-state battery electrolytes, mechanical metamaterials, and optical metamaterials. In polymer electrolytes, ion–dipole interactions localized at the chain termini decouple ion transport from segmental motion, yielding high ionic conductivity and low activation energy at low salt concentrations. In mechanical metamaterials, end-group-directed 3D networks enhance structural resilience and tunable deformation behavior. In optical metamaterials, metal-end-functionalized block copolymers could serve as nanoscale templates for the bottom-up fabrication of high-refractive-index architectures via metal–ligand coordination, tackling the resolution limits of top-down lithography. Collectively, these advances underscore the transformative potential of end-group chemistry for next-generation polymer materials.

端基功能化已经成为聚合物科学中一种强大而通用的策略，在不改变聚合物主链的情况下，提供对物理性质、纳米级自组装和界面功能的精确控制。本文综述了端功能化聚合物在三个领域的化学和应用方面的最新进展。首先，我们研究了定制的端基如何影响聚合物的固有性质，包括热转变、溶解度、结晶行为和界面粘附。其次，我们探索了端基相互作用在指导聚合物自组装中的作用，强调了它们在嵌段共聚物体系中调节链填充、界面曲率和相行为的能力，特别是在复杂网络形态的形成中。第三，我们强调了端功能化聚合物与网络形态在新兴应用中的技术相关性，如固态电池电解质、机械超材料和光学超材料。在聚合物电解质中，位于链末端的离子偶极子相互作用使离子传输与节段运动分离，在低盐浓度下产生高离子电导率和低活化能。在机械超材料中，端基定向三维网络增强了结构弹性和可调变形行为。在光学超材料中，金属端功能化嵌段共聚物可以作为纳米级模板，通过金属配体配位自下而上地制造高折射率结构，解决了自上而下光刻的分辨率限制。总的来说，这些进步强调了端基化学在下一代聚合物材料中的变革潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Recent advances in the design of hydrogels: Renaissance of the Hofmeister effect 水凝胶设计的最新进展：霍夫迈斯特效应的复兴

IF 26 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101989

Huan Tan , Xiaolan Li , Linlong Li , Xue Bai , Jing You , Yuanyuan Zhou , Shirun Chu , Xiao Huang , Qiaoli Wu , Jie Weng , Jun Li

The Hofmeister effect has been known for >135 years since Hofmeister and Lewith’s foundational work. Over the past decade, salt treatment induced by the Hofmeister effect in concentrated gelator molecules has attracted considerable interest in designing functional hydrogels without any complicated chemical modifications. Herein, we provide a detailed overview of recent advances in using the Hofmeister effect to regulate the properties of hydrogels, from the perspective of fundamental theories to applications. This review comprehensively emphasizes the main interactions or effects related to specific ions influencing the performance of pre-gel solutions for hydrogel formation. Moreover, this review focuses on the roles of salt ions in regulating the properties and functionalities of hydrogels, including mechanical properties, ionic conductivity, anti-freezing capability, optical properties, printability, analytical sensitivity, and shape memory ability. Additionally, we provide an overview of the potential applications of these hydrogels in various fields. Finally, this review highlights the challenges and opportunities of this approach and proposes potential issues for understanding the Hofmeister effect in designing functional hydrogels. The broad scale and versatility of this approach make it a promising strategy for developing task-specific hydrogels with customized properties and functionalities.

自从霍夫迈斯特和利维斯的基础工作以来，霍夫迈斯特效应已经被人们知道了135年。在过去的十年中，浓缩凝胶分子中由Hofmeister效应引起的盐处理引起了人们对设计不需要任何复杂化学修饰的功能水凝胶的极大兴趣。本文从基础理论到应用的角度，详细综述了利用霍夫迈斯特效应调节水凝胶性质的最新进展。本文综述了影响水凝胶形成的预凝胶溶液性能的主要相互作用或与特定离子相关的效应。此外，本文还对盐离子在水凝胶的力学性能、离子电导率、抗冻性、光学性能、可打印性、分析灵敏度和形状记忆能力等方面的调控作用进行了综述。此外，我们还概述了这些水凝胶在各个领域的潜在应用。最后，本综述强调了该方法的挑战和机遇，并提出了在设计功能水凝胶时理解霍夫迈斯特效应的潜在问题。这种方法的广泛规模和多功能性使其成为开发具有定制属性和功能的特定任务水凝胶的有前途的策略。

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引用次数: 0

PEDOT:PSS-based electronic materials: Preparation, performance tuning, processing, applications, and future prospect 基于pss的电子材料：制备，性能调整，加工，应用和未来展望

IF 26 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101990

Shuai Chen , Lishan Liang , Yuqian Zhang , Kaiwen Lin , Mingna Yang , Ling Zhu , Xiaomei Yang , Ling Zang , Baoyang Lu

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) represents a breakthrough in addressing the processability challenges of traditionally insoluble and infusible conducting polymers (CPs). It uniquely combines solution processability with high chemical and thermal stability, excellent biocompatibility, and outstanding electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. For over 35 years, PEDOT:PSS has remained at the forefront of both commercial and academic research in organic electronics, spanning disciplines such as chemistry, materials science, biology, electronics, medicine, energy, and engineering. This review offers a comprehensive and systematic overview of PEDOT:PSS, covering synthesis strategies, performance optimization, composite system design, and processing techniques across various material forms, including aqueous dispersions, powders, films, nanofibers, hydrogels, aerogels, elastomers, and sponges. It also discusses the specific requirements, current status, and ongoing challenges in both laboratory research and industrial applications. In light of recent advances in flexible, wearable, and multifunctionally integrated electronics, this review outlines future development directions with an emphasis on miniaturization and environmental sustainability. Particular attention is given to emerging applications in flexible, wearable, biomedical, and intelligent electronics, aiming to provide researchers with critical insights to inspire innovation at the frontiers of this rapidly evolving field.

聚（3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩）：聚苯乙烯磺酸盐（PEDOT:PSS）在解决传统的不溶性和不溶性导电聚合物（CPs）的可加工性挑战方面取得了突破。它独特地结合了高化学和热稳定性，优异的生物相容性以及出色的电学，光学和机械性能的溶液加工性。35年来，PEDOT:PSS一直处于有机电子学商业和学术研究的前沿，涵盖化学，材料科学，生物学，电子学，医学，能源和工程等学科。这篇综述提供了PEDOT:PSS的全面和系统的概述，包括合成策略、性能优化、复合系统设计和各种材料形式的加工技术，包括水分散体、粉末、薄膜、纳米纤维、水凝胶、气凝胶、弹性体和海绵。它还讨论了实验室研究和工业应用中的具体要求、现状和正在进行的挑战。鉴于柔性、可穿戴和多功能集成电子产品的最新进展，本文概述了未来的发展方向，重点是小型化和环境可持续性。特别关注柔性，可穿戴，生物医学和智能电子领域的新兴应用，旨在为研究人员提供关键见解，以激发这一快速发展领域前沿的创新。

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引用次数: 0

Polymeric chemistry design for battery electrode binders 电池电极粘合剂的聚合化学设计

IF 26 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101987

Soonho Jang , Myeong-Hwa Ryou , Ji-Youn Bae , Seung-Ho Yu , Sang-Young Lee , Joona Bang

Polymer binders are essential for battery electrode stability, ensuring adhesion and cohesion, facilitating active material dispersion, and providing mechanical resilience against cycling-induced stresses. However, conventional binders such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) and carboxymethyl cellulose/styrene-butadiene rubber, which are widely used in lithium-ion battery electrodes, struggle to meet these functional requirements, particularly in high-capacity and high-voltage electrodes. These limitations affect electrochemical performance, cycle life, and manufacturability, necessitating a new paradigm in battery design. Recent advances in polymer chemistry and molecular engineering have enabled the development of functional binders that offer improved mechanical properties, interfacial stability, and electrochemical compatibility. This review comprehensively examines binder design approaches, emphasizing quantitative structure–property relationships to provide a predictive framework for rational binder engineering. Key focus areas include adhesion and cohesion, dispersion stability, mechanical strength, and electrochemical stability, alongside emerging functionalities such as ionic/electrical conductivity, electrolyte compatibility, and flame retardance. By integrating multi-scale engineering approaches with case studies on silicon anodes, nickel-rich cathodes, dry-processed electrodes, and emerging electrodes, this review presents a strategic roadmap for the innovation of next-generation binder. The insights presented herein offer a scientifically grounded, application-driven framework for the development of scalable, high-performance, and sustainable binder technologies that will shape the future of advanced battery materials.

聚合物粘合剂对于电池电极的稳定性至关重要，它可以确保电池的附着力和凝聚力，促进活性材料的分散，并提供抗循环应力的机械弹性。然而，广泛用于锂离子电池电极的传统粘合剂，如聚偏氟乙烯和羧甲基纤维素/丁苯橡胶，难以满足这些功能要求，特别是在高容量和高压电极中。这些限制影响了电化学性能、循环寿命和可制造性，需要一种新的电池设计范式。聚合物化学和分子工程的最新进展使功能粘合剂的发展能够提供更好的机械性能、界面稳定性和电化学相容性。这篇综述全面考察了粘合剂设计方法，强调定量的结构-性能关系，为合理的粘合剂工程提供预测框架。重点关注的领域包括附着力和内聚性、分散稳定性、机械强度和电化学稳定性，以及离子/电导率、电解质相容性和阻燃性等新兴功能。通过将多尺度工程方法与硅阳极、富镍阴极、干加工电极和新兴电极的案例研究相结合，本文提出了下一代粘合剂创新的战略路线图。本文提出的见解为可扩展、高性能和可持续的粘合剂技术的发展提供了一个科学的、应用驱动的框架，这将塑造先进电池材料的未来。

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引用次数: 0

Multimode anticounterfeiting materials based on polymers and supramolecular chemistry 基于聚合物和超分子化学的多模防伪材料

IF 26 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101986

Moein Mohammadi-Jorjafki , Milad Babazadeh-Mamaqani , Reza Khalilzadeh , Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani , Richard Hoogenboom , Feng Wang

The combination of polymer science and supramolecular chemistry has emerged as a promising exploration platform in developing dynamic and responsive materials. The synergy of non-covalent supramolecular chemistry with macromolecular covalent chemistry has opened up advanced applications in the sensing and anticounterfeiting fields. Such supramolecular interactions include hydrogen bonding, host-guest interactions, metal coordination and electrostatic interactions, donor-acceptor, and π-π stacking. Since many supramolecular self-assembling systems lead to a change in absorption or emission behavior of the involved supramolecular units, the combination of polymers with such supramolecular motifs provides a powerful platform for sensing, information storage, and anticounterfeiting applications. Considering that counterfeiting tactics continue to change, the need for multimode anticounterfeiting systems with diverse color and time dimensions as dynamic anticounterfeiting technology is indispensable. Due to the high need for multimode anticounterfeiting materials for nations, governments, suppliers, and customers, it is highly promising to use reversible, dynamic supramolecular structures in combination with polymers that provide good processability and materials properties. This review article provides an overview of the design and application of polymer materials with embedded supramolecular interactions as innovative multimodal anticounterfeiting materials.

高分子科学和超分子化学的结合已经成为开发动态和响应材料的一个有前途的探索平台。非共价超分子化学与大分子共价化学的协同作用在传感和防伪领域开辟了先进的应用。这种超分子相互作用包括氢键、主-客体相互作用、金属配位和静电相互作用、供体-受体和π-π堆叠。由于许多超分子自组装系统会导致所涉及的超分子单元的吸收或发射行为发生变化，因此聚合物与这些超分子基元的结合为传感、信息存储和防伪应用提供了强大的平台。考虑到伪造手法的不断变化，动态防伪技术需要具有不同颜色和时间维度的多模式防伪系统。由于国家、政府、供应商和客户对多模防伪材料的高度需求，使用可逆的、动态的超分子结构与聚合物相结合，提供良好的可加工性和材料性能，是非常有前途的。本文综述了嵌入超分子相互作用的高分子材料作为新型多模态防伪材料的设计与应用。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-mechanism polymerization as a promising tool for polymer synthesis 多机理聚合是一种有前途的聚合物合成方法

IF 26 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101988

Ning Ren , Xiangyi Wang , Pan Sun , Mengqi Ge , Wenwen Han , Xinyuan Zhu

The properties and applications of polymeric materials are closely related to the composition and architecture of the polymer chain, which is primarily realized by the chemical bonds formed during the polymerization process. Due to the selectivity of typical polymerizations, constructing different types of chemical bonds usually requires different mechanisms. For this reason, multi-mechanism polymerization is a commonly used technique. However, due to the complex nature of chemical reactions, different mechanisms could affect each other. Incorporating multiple mechanisms in a single polymerization requires the elaborate design of the synthetic route and rational arrangement of the reaction sequence. Considering the importance of multi-mechanism polymerization for polymer synthesis, the scope of this review is to summarize the research progress on multi-mechanism polymerization. Because the number of publications using stepwise, sequential polymerizations is much more than those with simultaneous polymerizations, this review focuses primarily on the latter type with a brief summary of the former. Polymerization mechanisms and their combinations categorize multi-mechanism polymerizations. The mutual interactions between different mechanisms are discussed before summarizing and highlighting the published works during recent years. A perspective on the mechanistic and kinetic relationship between multi-mechanism polymerizations and their single-mechanism polymerization counterparts is also afforded in this review.

高分子材料的性能和应用与聚合物链的组成和结构密切相关，这主要是通过聚合过程中形成的化学键来实现的。由于典型聚合的选择性，构建不同类型的化学键通常需要不同的机制。因此，多机理聚合是一种常用的聚合技术。然而，由于化学反应的复杂性，不同的机制可能会相互影响。在一次聚合中结合多种机理需要精心设计合成路线和合理安排反应顺序。鉴于多机理聚合在聚合物合成中的重要性，本文对多机理聚合的研究进展进行了综述。由于使用逐步、顺序聚合的出版物数量远远多于同时聚合的出版物，因此本综述主要侧重于后一种类型，并对前者进行简要总结。聚合机制及其组合是多机制聚合的分类。讨论了不同机制之间的相互作用，总结和重点介绍了近年来已发表的研究成果。本文还对多机理聚合和单机理聚合之间的机理和动力学关系进行了展望。

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引用次数: 0

Emulsion templating: DIY versatility for the creative design of macroporous polymers 乳液模板：DIY多功能性，用于大孔聚合物的创意设计

IF 26 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101970

Samah Saied-Ahmad, Michael S. Silverstein

Porous polymers are of interest for a wide variety of applications including absorption, adsorption, tissue engineering, membranes, controlled release, reaction supports, and shape memory foams. Emulsion templating can be used to generate high-porosity, macroporous polymer monoliths with highly interconnected, micrometer-scale porous structures through polymerization in the external, continuous phase followed by removal of the internal, dispersed phase. Emulsion templating possesses, on one hand, the benefit of being seemly simple. This simplicity, however, belies its inherent versatility and considerable parameter space that enables creative design of innovative new materials in terms of their macromolecular structures, their porous structures, and their properties. As described here, approaching emulsion templating with a specific structure or application in mind can enable a do-it-yourself outlook to imaginatively selecting the most appropriate emulsion type, stabilization strategy, polymerization mechanism, crosslinking strategy, and post-synthesis modification. The research and development of emulsion-templated polymers has been blossoming, as reflected not only in the number of articles published, but also in the number of novel porous polymer materials synthesized and in the number of heretofore unexplored applications investigated. It is the hidden complexity of emulsion templating that enables a continuous stream of pioneering works stemming from breakthrough insights in connected and contiguous scientific fields. This appraisal, highlighting emulsion templating strategies, will serve as a guide for those involved in developing innovative polymers with unique macromolecular and porous structures that engender exceptional properties. Contemplating the future directions of emulsion templating, given the robust nature of its established foundation, suggests that innovative research and development will continue to flourish.

多孔聚合物具有广泛的应用前景，包括吸收、吸附、组织工程、膜、控制释放、反应支撑和形状记忆泡沫。通过外部连续相的聚合，然后去除内部分散相，乳液模板可以生成具有高度互连、微米级多孔结构的高孔隙率、大孔聚合物单体。乳液模板具有，一方面，看似简单的好处。然而，这种简单性掩盖了其固有的多功能性和可观的参数空间，使创新的新材料在其大分子结构、多孔结构和性能方面的创造性设计成为可能。正如本文所描述的，以特定的结构或应用来处理乳液模板可以使自己动手的观点能够富有想象力地选择最合适的乳液类型，稳定策略，聚合机制，交联策略和合成后改性。乳液模板聚合物的研究和开发一直在蓬勃发展，这不仅反映在发表的文章数量上，也反映在合成的新型多孔聚合物材料的数量和迄今为止未开发的应用研究的数量上。正是乳液模板的隐藏复杂性，使得在相互关联和连续的科学领域中产生突破性见解的开创性作品源源不断。这一评价强调了乳液模板策略，将为那些参与开发具有独特大分子和多孔结构的创新聚合物的人提供指导，这些聚合物可以产生特殊的性能。考虑到乳液模板的未来发展方向，鉴于其坚实的基础，创新的研究和开发将继续蓬勃发展。

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引用次数: 0

Baroplastics – The future of low temperature plastic processing 气压塑料-低温塑料加工的未来

IF 26 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101967

Daniel MacKinnon, Magdalena Godzina, C. Remzi Becer

While global annual plastic production has surpassed 400 million tons, the rate of plastic recycling remains below 10 %. Recycling rates for conventional thermoplastics remain low, largely due to the harsh conditions required for high-temperature melt-molding. These conditions promote thermo-oxidative reactions and chain scission, causing significant deterioration of polymer chains and reducing the recyclability of these materials. Additionally, the sustainability of this process is compromised by its high energy demands and harmful environmental impacts. Baroplastics provide an alternative recycling pathway that involves the use of low-temperature processing under pressure; a novel class of sustainable polymers that leverages their unique pressure-responsive properties to enable recycling at markedly reduced energy consumption and CO₂ emissions. Baroplastics rely on order-to-disorder transitions (ODTs), typically of block copolymers (BCPs), that allow for a rheological transition from an ordered solid to a disordered liquid-like state that can flow and be molded. Once pressure is removed, the liquid-like state returns to its original solid form with no observed degradation of the polymeric chains. In this review, we introduce the concept of baroplastics and explore the mechanisms that underpin their distinctive ability to flow under pressure for sustainable recycling. We discuss the technological and environmental advantages of baromechanical recycling, the potential for future implementation within industry, and the use of baroplastics in nanocomposites and biological systems. Moreover, we have thoroughly reviewed the scope, modelling, and synthesis of baroplastic materials to produce a guide to this growing field.

虽然全球塑料年产量已超过4亿吨，但塑料回收率仍低于10%。传统热塑性塑料的回收率仍然很低，主要是由于高温熔融成型所需的苛刻条件。这些条件促进了热氧化反应和链断裂，导致聚合物链的严重恶化，降低了这些材料的可回收性。此外，这一过程的可持续性受到其高能耗和有害环境影响的影响。正压塑料提供了另一种回收途径，包括在压力下使用低温处理；这是一种新型的可持续聚合物，利用其独特的压力响应特性，可以在显著降低能耗和二氧化碳排放的情况下实现回收。正压塑料依赖于有序到无序的转变（odt），通常是嵌段共聚物（bcp），它允许从有序固体到无序液态的流变转变，可以流动和模塑。一旦去除压力，类液体状态恢复到原来的固体形式，聚合物链没有观察到降解。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了气压塑性的概念，并探讨了支撑它们在压力下流动以实现可持续回收的独特能力的机制。我们讨论了气压机械回收的技术和环境优势，未来在工业中实施的潜力，以及气压塑料在纳米复合材料和生物系统中的应用。此外，我们已经彻底审查的范围，建模和合成的压力塑性材料，以产生一个指南，这一日益增长的领域。

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引用次数: 0