Progress in Polymer Science最新文献_第6页

Oil-infused silicone elastomers for barnacle and ice release: The current state of understanding 用于藤壶和冰释放的油注入有机硅弹性体：目前的了解状态

IF 26 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101966

David G.T. Boucher , Maryam Safaripour , Andrew B. Croll , Dean C. Webster

The adhesion of foulants and contaminants on surfaces is a well-known problem, particularly in the marine environment, which can potentially be solved by the use of an appropriate coating. Over the years, silicone elastomers have stood out for their release performance toward various foulants, allowing the cleaning of these surfaces using low stresses. The addition of non-reactive silicone fluids into silicone elastomers has often been presented as a way to further enhance their release properties. However, the mechanism behind this improvement remains quite unclear and the effect of fluids is largely unpredictable and always assessed experimentally. This review thus attempts to tackle this issue by identifying trends in experimental observations made on barnacle and ice release and proposing theoretical tools to explain and potentially model or predict them. With this objective in mind, this review is divided into three sections and will first describe the chemistry of silicone elastomers while highlighting the parameters that allow tuning the elastomer’s final properties. In the second section, the influence of the physical properties of the silicone elastomer (modulus, thickness, surface energy) on its barnacle and ice-release properties will be discussed. In this section and further, strong similarities will be highlighted between observations made for these foulants. Finally, reports of fluid-containing silicone elastomers will be scrutinized to examine the potential impact of parameters such as compatibility, molecular weight, surface tension, and crosslink density. During this discussion, the potential mechanisms behind the improvement of release properties will be highlighted and supported by theoretical considerations.

污垢和污染物在表面上的粘附是一个众所周知的问题，特别是在海洋环境中，这可以通过使用适当的涂层来解决。多年来，有机硅弹性体因其对各种污垢的释放性能而脱颖而出，允许使用低应力清洁这些表面。在有机硅弹性体中添加非反应性有机硅流体通常被认为是进一步提高其释放性能的一种方法。然而，这种改善背后的机制仍然很不清楚，流体的影响在很大程度上是不可预测的，并且总是通过实验来评估。因此，本综述试图通过确定藤壶和冰释放的实验观察趋势，并提出理论工具来解释和潜在建模或预测这些趋势，从而解决这一问题。考虑到这一目标，本文将分为三个部分，首先描述有机硅弹性体的化学性质，同时强调可以调整弹性体最终性能的参数。在第二部分中，将讨论有机硅弹性体的物理性能（模量、厚度、表面能）对其卸冰性能的影响。在本节及以后的章节中，将强调对这些污染物的观察结果之间的强烈相似性。最后，将仔细研究含流体硅弹性体的报告，以检查相容性、分子量、表面张力和交联密度等参数的潜在影响。在这个讨论中，潜在的机制背后的释放性能的改进将被强调和理论考虑的支持。

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引用次数: 0

One-step hybrid block copolymerization by organocatalysis 一步杂化嵌段共聚的有机催化

IF 26 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101955

Heng Li , Weihong Zeng , Zhizhuang Li , Junpeng Zhao , Guangzhao Zhang

Hybrid block copolymers, comprising two or more polymer segments with distinct main-chain compositions and physicochemical properties, have garnered profound interests due to their often-fortified propensities for self-assembly and microphase separation. An ideal approach for synthesizing such a block copolymer comprises spontaneously sequential or simultaneous polymerizations of mixed monomers, bearing different polymerizable groups, from one initiator. However, major challenges are frequently posed by the stringent requirements for dual catalyst-monomer suitability and/or the compatibility of two mechanistically distinct polymerizations. Fortunately, recent years have witnessed rapid progress in organo-/metal-free catalytic polymerization techniques, cultivating a diversity of effective strategies for achieving sequence-selective copolymerization of mixed monomers and one-step controlled synthesis of hybrid block copolymers. We aim to summarize here the recent advances in one-step block copolymerization of heterocycles by organocatalysis, with also vinyl monomers involved in plenty of cases. We also provide a brief overview of the critical reaction mechanisms, address current limitations, and suggest future directions for one-step block copolymer synthesis.

杂化嵌段共聚物由两个或多个具有不同主链组成和物理化学性质的聚合物段组成，由于其经常增强的自组装和微相分离的倾向而获得了广泛的关注。用于合成这种嵌段共聚物的理想方法包括从一个引发剂自发地顺序或同时聚合具有不同可聚合基团的混合单体。然而，主要的挑战往往是对双催化剂-单体适用性和/或两种机制不同聚合的相容性的严格要求。幸运的是，近年来，无有机/金属催化聚合技术取得了快速进展，培养了多种有效的策略来实现混合单体的序列选择性共聚和一步控制合成杂化嵌段共聚物。本文综述了杂环化合物的有机催化一步嵌段共聚的最新进展，其中也包括乙烯基单体。我们还简要概述了关键反应机制，解决了当前的局限性，并提出了一步嵌段共聚物合成的未来方向。

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引用次数: 0

Elastomeric polymer network electrolyte: Synthesis, properties, and applications 弹性聚合物网络电解质：合成、特性和应用

IF 26 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101944

Jinseok Park , Heewoon Shin , Wonho Lee , Sheng Li , Hyeong Jun Kim , Bumjoon J. Kim

Elastomeric polymer network electrolytes (EPNEs) are an emerging class of materials that combine the mechanical flexibility of elastomers with the ionic conductivity of electrolytes. Conventional liquid or gel-based polymer electrolytes suffer from solvent molecule-related leakage, evaporation, and flammability issues. Solid-state polymer electrolytes offer enhanced safety but tend to be rigid, brittle, and show poor adhesion with limited ionic conductivity. EPNEs offer solvent-free solid-state ionic conduction, enabled by the segmental motion of the flexible polymer chains. Their network structures also offer superior mechanical resilience and elasticity, making them highly promising for advanced electrochemical applications. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of EPNEs, comparing their characteristics to other electrolytes, and highlighting the various synthetic methods and design principles employed. Key performance metrics, including ionic conductivity, mechanical strength, and operational stabilities, are discussed in the context of their applications in energy applications, wearable electronics, and soft ionotronics. By addressing the potential of EPNEs and their development directions, this review highlights their critical role in advancing next-generation electrolytes, opening new opportunities for various fields of electrochemical devices.

弹性体聚合物网络电解质（EPNEs）是一种新兴的材料，它结合了弹性体的机械柔韧性和电解质的离子导电性。传统的液体或凝胶聚合物电解质存在与溶剂分子相关的泄漏、蒸发和可燃性问题。固态聚合物电解质提供了增强的安全性，但往往是刚性的，脆性的，并且在有限的离子电导率下表现出较差的附着力。epne提供无溶剂的固态离子传导，通过柔性聚合物链的节段运动实现。它们的网络结构还具有优异的机械弹性和弹性，使其在先进的电化学应用中具有很大的前景。在这篇综述中，我们全面概述了EPNEs，比较了它们与其他电解质的特性，并重点介绍了各种合成方法和采用的设计原则。关键性能指标，包括离子电导率，机械强度和操作稳定性，讨论了其在能源应用，可穿戴电子和软离子电子学中的应用。本文通过对EPNEs的潜力和发展方向的分析，强调了EPNEs在推进下一代电解质方面的重要作用，为电化学器件的各个领域开辟了新的机遇。

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引用次数: 0

80 years of the Mayo Lewis equation. A comprehensive review on the numerical estimation techniques for the reactivity ratios in typical and emerging copolymerizations 梅奥·刘易斯方程的80年历史。典型和新兴共聚反应性比值数值估计技术综述

IF 26 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101956

Iván Zapata-González , Enrique Saldívar-Guerra , Robin A. Hutchinson

Microstructure and copolymer composition are characteristics important for both commodity and tailor-made materials synthesized by Free Radical Copolymerization (FRCoP) and other polymerization chemistries. The Mayo-Lewis equation (MLE), published in 1944, revolutionized copolymerization practice and theory by providing a straightforward relationship between comonomer and copolymer composition in terms of two parameters, the reactivity ratios (RR). Since that time, various forms of this non-linear equation, all based upon the terminal model (TM) of copolymerization, have been developed to facilitate estimation of RR values through fitting of experimentally measured copolymer compositions as a function of comonomer composition and/or monomer conversion. Early transformations introduced to allow linear regression methodologies have been replaced by powerful nonlinear numerical methods that provide statistically valid estimations of the reactivity ratios. In this review, the fundamentals of the linear and nonlinear numerical methodologies are described, with an emphasis on the recommended non-linear strategies for the determination of the RR using copolymer/monomer composition data at both low and moderate/high conversions. The shape and calculation of the Joint Confidence Regions (JCRs) associated with the RR values is also reviewed, and the optimal design of experiments for the determination of RR values is described.

While remarkably robust, the MLE does not provide an adequate description of copolymer composition for some systems. An examination of the assumptions associated with the derivation provides context for these exceptions. Systematic extensions of the MLE to capture the influence of penultimate unit effects, depropagation, and system (e.g., solvent, concentration, pH) dependencies are outlined. Additionally, discrepancies reported in the copolymer composition between the free-radical copolymerization and reversible deactivation radical copolymerization are analyzed in terms of kinetic fundamentals. While deviations from classic behavior are the exception rather than the rule, they demonstrate the need to carefully investigate any new system to validate the applicability of the MLE.

微观结构和共聚物组成是由自由基共聚（FRCoP）和其他聚合化学合成的商品和定制材料的重要特征。1954年发表的梅奥-刘易斯方程（MLE）通过两个参数（反应性比（RR））提供了共聚单体和共聚物组成之间的直接关系，彻底改变了共聚实践和理论。从那时起，这个非线性方程的各种形式都基于共聚的终端模型（TM），通过拟合实验测量的共聚物组成作为共聚单体组成和/或单体转化率的函数来方便估计RR值。为允许线性回归方法而引入的早期转换已被强大的非线性数值方法所取代，这些方法提供了对反应性比率的统计有效估计。在这篇综述中，描述了线性和非线性数值方法的基本原理，重点介绍了在低转化率和中/高转化率下使用共聚物/单体组成数据确定RR的推荐非线性策略。综述了与RR值相关的联合置信区域（jcr）的形状和计算方法，并描述了确定RR值的实验优化设计。虽然非常稳健，但MLE不能对某些体系的共聚物组成提供充分的描述。对与派生相关的假设的检查为这些异常提供了上下文。概述了MLE的系统扩展，以捕获倒数第二单位效应、去传播和系统（例如溶剂、浓度、pH）依赖性的影响。此外，根据动力学基本原理分析了自由基共聚和可逆失活自由基共聚在共聚物组成上的差异。虽然偏离经典行为是例外而不是规则，但它们表明需要仔细研究任何新系统以验证MLE的适用性。

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引用次数: 0

Nanoporous aramid colloidal aerogels: Design, fabrication, and performance 纳米多孔芳纶胶体气凝胶：设计、制造和性能

IF 26 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101945

Jing Lyu , Lishan Li , Xuetong Zhang

Aramid, a prominent member within the polymer family, is a quintessential high-performance material. It presents extensive application in numerous crucial fields ranging from aerospace and armament to individual protection, vehicle industries, and leisure sports. Nanoporous aramid aerogels, a remarkable derivative of aramid polymers, not only inherit aramid's numerous excellent properties but also boast extensive porosity and a large specific surface area, opening up a wide spectrum of emerging applications. However, there are lamentably few reviews that comprehensively encapsulate the most recent progress of aramid aerogels, even though they stand at the vanguard of scientific research. Herein, the aramid colloidal aerogels fabricated via the “colloidal approach” from aramid nanofibers (ANFs) are defined in terms of processing. The ANF colloidal dispersion is thoroughly overviewed with respect to preparation methods, rheological behaviors and the corresponding regulating factors. The sol-gel transition of ANF colloidal dispersion triggered by the destabilizing strategy is unveiled from thermodynamics and kinetics perspectives. Next, the fabrication strategies for aramid colloidal aerogels in various configurations and their confining functionalization are systematically summarized and analyzed. Furthermore, a wide array of captivating properties of aramid colloidal aerogels, including thermal, mechanical, permselective, sorptive, and electrochemical properties are introduced. With these fascinating properties, a multitude of emerging applications such as thermal management, shielding, purification, hemostasis, sensing, energy storage and conversion, are touched upon, inspiring more cutting-edge researches in materials science, environmental engineering, bioengineering, and multidisciplinary fields. Finally, the possible challenges and opportunities in the development of nanoporous aramid colloidal aerogels are identified, and a perspective on the future directions is proposed.

芳纶是高分子材料家族中的重要成员，是一种典型的高性能材料。它广泛应用于许多关键领域，从航空航天和军备到个人保护，汽车工业和休闲体育。纳米多孔芳纶气凝胶是芳纶聚合物的一种卓越衍生物，它不仅继承了芳纶的许多优良性能，而且具有广泛的孔隙率和大的比表面积，开辟了广泛的新兴应用领域。然而，令人遗憾的是，很少有评论全面概括了芳纶气凝胶的最新进展，尽管它们站在科学研究的前沿。本文从加工的角度定义了通过“胶体方法”从芳纶纳米纤维（ANFs）制备的芳纶胶体气凝胶。从制备方法、流变行为和相应的调节因素等方面对ANF胶体分散体进行了全面的综述。从热力学和动力学的角度揭示了不稳定策略引发的ANF胶体分散的溶胶-凝胶转变。其次，系统地总结和分析了各种构型芳纶胶态气凝胶的制备策略及其约束功能化。此外，还介绍了芳纶胶状气凝胶的各种迷人性能，包括热、机械、超选择性、吸附和电化学性能。凭借这些迷人的特性，许多新兴的应用，如热管理，屏蔽，净化，止血，传感，能量储存和转换，被触及，激发了更多的材料科学，环境工程，生物工程和多学科领域的前沿研究。最后，指出了纳米多孔芳纶胶态气凝胶的发展可能面临的挑战和机遇，并对未来的发展方向提出了展望。

{"title":"Nanoporous aramid colloidal aerogels: Design, fabrication, and performance","authors":"Jing Lyu , Lishan Li , Xuetong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aramid, a prominent member within the polymer family, is a quintessential high-performance material. It presents extensive application in numerous crucial fields ranging from aerospace and armament to individual protection, vehicle industries, and leisure sports. Nanoporous aramid aerogels, a remarkable derivative of aramid polymers, not only inherit aramid's numerous excellent properties but also boast extensive porosity and a large specific surface area, opening up a wide spectrum of emerging applications. However, there are lamentably few reviews that comprehensively encapsulate the most recent progress of aramid aerogels, even though they stand at the vanguard of scientific research. Herein, the aramid colloidal aerogels fabricated via the “colloidal approach” from aramid nanofibers (ANFs) are defined in terms of processing. The ANF colloidal dispersion is thoroughly overviewed with respect to preparation methods, rheological behaviors and the corresponding regulating factors. The sol-gel transition of ANF colloidal dispersion triggered by the destabilizing strategy is unveiled from thermodynamics and kinetics perspectives. Next, the fabrication strategies for aramid colloidal aerogels in various configurations and their confining functionalization are systematically summarized and analyzed. Furthermore, a wide array of captivating properties of aramid colloidal aerogels, including thermal, mechanical, permselective, sorptive, and electrochemical properties are introduced. With these fascinating properties, a multitude of emerging applications such as thermal management, shielding, purification, hemostasis, sensing, energy storage and conversion, are touched upon, inspiring more cutting-edge researches in materials science, environmental engineering, bioengineering, and multidisciplinary fields. Finally, the possible challenges and opportunities in the development of nanoporous aramid colloidal aerogels are identified, and a perspective on the future directions is proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":413,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Polymer Science","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 101945"},"PeriodicalIF":26.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biobased polymers for advanced applications: Towards a sustainable future 先进应用的生物基聚合物：迈向可持续发展的未来

IF 26 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101934

R. Gonçalves , J. Serra , A. Reizabal , D.M. Correia , L.C. Fernandes , R. Brito-Pereira , E. Lizundia , C.M. Costa , S. Lanceros-Méndez

Rapid technological developments in biomedicine, sensors, actuators and energy areas are taken place in the context of the global digital transformation, supported by the “Industry 4.0″ and “Internet of Things” (IoT) concepts. Those developments must include circular economy considerations in the scope of the 2030 sustainable developments goals to ensure easy access to affordable, sustainable, reliable, and modern services for all. To fulfil these advances, materials with high-performance based on biopolymers with tailored dielectric, magnetic and conducting properties are needed for improving devices performance while reducing environmental impact. Within this scope, bio-based resources are considered as next-generation materials for a broader range of applications. In this context, we present on the molecular structure, organization, main physical-chemical and functional properties of the most promising biopolymers. Further, the various possible modifications and processing methods are discussed to reach specific morphological, structural and/or functional characteristics. Finally, bio polymers-based blends and composites are discussed, alongside with their main application areas, opportunities, and challenges.

在“工业4.0”和“物联网”概念的支持下，在全球数字化转型的背景下，生物医药、传感器、执行器和能源领域的技术快速发展。这些发展必须将循环经济考虑纳入2030年可持续发展目标的范围，以确保所有人都能轻松获得负担得起的、可持续的、可靠的现代服务。为了实现这些进步，需要基于生物聚合物的高性能材料，这些材料具有定制的介电、磁性和导电性，以提高设备性能，同时减少对环境的影响。在这个范围内，生物基资源被认为是具有更广泛应用的下一代材料。在此背景下，我们介绍了最有前途的生物聚合物的分子结构、组织、主要的物理化学和功能特性。此外，还讨论了各种可能的修饰和加工方法，以达到特定的形态、结构和/或功能特征。最后，讨论了基于生物聚合物的共混物和复合材料，以及它们的主要应用领域、机遇和挑战。

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引用次数: 0

From radical to reversible-deactivation radical polymerization of ethylene 乙烯从自由基聚合到可逆失活自由基聚合

IF 26 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101932

F. Baffie, L. Sinniger, M. Lansalot, V. Monteil, F. D'Agosto

The present paper reviews advancements in reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) of ethylene. Polyethylene, one of the most produced polymers, is traditionally made using high-pressure radical polymerization (RP) or catalytic coordination-insertion methods. However, the harsh conditions required for RP and ethylene low reactivity have limited laboratory-scale innovations. Efforts to develop milder polymerization conditions (< 100 °C, < 500 bar) have facilitated the exploration of RDRP techniques applied to ethylene. RDRP based on reversible termination or degenerative transfer have been investigated. Among them, those based on degenerative transfer such as reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), organotellurium mediated radical polymerization (TeRP) or iodine transfer polymerization (ITP) proved more successful, enabling not only controlled homopolymerization of ethylene but also the synthesis of well-defined (block) copolymers based on ethylene.

综述了乙烯的可逆-失活自由基聚合（RDRP）的研究进展。聚乙烯是产量最大的聚合物之一，传统上采用高压自由基聚合（RP）或催化配位插入法制备。然而，RP所需的苛刻条件和乙烯的低反应性限制了实验室规模的创新。努力开发更温和的聚合条件(<；100°C & lt;500 bar)促进了RDRP技术应用于乙烯的探索。研究了基于可逆终止或退行性转移的RDRP。其中，基于退化转移的方法如可逆加成-断裂链转移（RAFT）、有机碲介导的自由基聚合（TeRP）或碘转移聚合（ITP）更为成功，不仅可以实现可控的乙烯均聚，而且可以合成具有良好定义的乙烯基（嵌段）共聚物。

引用次数: 0

Recyclable fire-retardant bio-based thermosets: From molecular engineering to performances and applications 可回收阻燃生物基热固性材料：从分子工程到性能和应用

IF 26 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101935

Yong Guo , Qingshan Yang , Siqi Huo , Juan Li , Pooya Jafari , Zhengping Fang , Pingan Song , Hao Wang

Thermosets play a critical role in aerospace, automotive, electronics, and construction industries due to their mechanical strength, thermal stability, and chemical resistance. Advanced thermoset materials, such as epoxy resins, phenolic resins and unsaturated polyester resins, have significantly contributed to industrial innovation. However, these traditional thermosets heavily rely on petroleum-based resources and suffer non-recyclability and even high flammability. Last years have witnessed the use of many renewable chemicals for developing advanced bio-based thermosets with tunable physical properties, such as recyclability and reprocessability enabled by dynamic covalent chemistries, fire retardancy, mechanical and thermal properties. This review aims to summarize recent advances in recyclable, flame-retardant, bio-based thermosets, and highlights their molecular structures and design strategies for achieving high performances. We also discuss intrinsic flame-retardant modes of action, and degradation/recycling mechanisms based on dynamic covalent chemistry. Following discussions on their applications, some key challenges and opportunities are also proposed for the development of next-generation advanced thermosets. This work is expected to expedite the creation of high-performance recyclable thermosets and to advance the sustainability transition of traditional thermosets.

热固性材料由于其机械强度、热稳定性和耐化学性，在航空航天、汽车、电子和建筑行业中发挥着关键作用。先进的热固性材料，如环氧树脂、酚醛树脂和不饱和聚酯树脂，对工业创新做出了重大贡献。然而，这些传统的热固性材料严重依赖于石油资源，并且具有不可回收性和高可燃性。近年来，许多可再生化学品被用于开发具有可调物理性能的先进生物基热固性材料，例如通过动态共价化学、阻燃性、机械和热性能实现的可回收性和可再加工性。本文综述了可回收、阻燃、生物基热固性材料的最新研究进展，重点介绍了其分子结构和设计策略。我们还讨论了内在阻燃的作用方式，以及基于动态共价化学的降解/回收机制。在讨论了它们的应用之后，还提出了下一代先进热固性材料发展的一些关键挑战和机遇。这项工作预计将加快高性能可回收热固性材料的创造，并推进传统热固性材料的可持续性转型。

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引用次数: 0

Self-lubricated, liquid-like omniphobic polymer brushes: Advances and strategies for enhanced fluid and solid control 自润滑，液体状的全憎聚合物刷：提高流体和固体控制的进展和策略

IF 26 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101933

Mehran Ghasemlou , Callum Stewart , Shima Jafarzadeh , Mina Dokouhaki , Motilal Mathesh , Minoo Naebe , Colin J. Barrow

Surfaces with broader resistance to liquids and solids elicited increased interest in both fundamental research and practical applications. With the technological development and breakthroughs on graft polymerization, flexible polymer chains with extremely low glass transition temperatures (around −100 °C) can be easily affixed on a smooth substrate to make self-lubricated omniphobic covalently attached liquids (SOCALs). SOCALs are emerging surfaces displaying interfacial mobility of molecular-level polymer chains through bending and rotational motions. They have shown unprecedented dynamic fluidity in sliding multiple liquids irrespective of their surface tensions. Their exceptional slipperiness has positioned them at the forefront of fields such as surface science, materials science, and biology. Understanding the underlying principles of SOCALs is crucial for harnessing their features to improve the performance of engineering systems. This review aims to comprehensively overview state-of-the-art developments of SOCALs, dissecting fundamental principles that govern surface de-wetting on these materials. It then examines the design configuration of SOCALs and how the physical characteristics of chains such as surface density, molecular weight, and structure influence their interface mobility and dynamic liquid-like quality. Finally, it highlights representative applications of SOCAL-coated materials in real-world scenarios, emphasizing the exploration of SOCAL materials as a conduit for radical advancements in materials and structural design, bridging the gap between material and interface innovation.

在基础研究和实际应用中，对液体和固体具有更广泛抵抗力的表面引起了越来越多的关注。随着接枝聚合技术的发展和突破，具有极低玻璃化转变温度（约 -100 °C）的柔性聚合物链可以很容易地粘附在光滑的基底上，制成自润滑的全疏共价液体（SOCALs）。SOCALs 是一种新兴表面，通过弯曲和旋转运动显示出分子级聚合物链的界面流动性。它们在滑动多种液体时表现出前所未有的动态流动性，而不受表面张力的影响。其优异的滑动性使其处于表面科学、材料科学和生物学等领域的前沿。了解 SOCALs 的基本原理对于利用它们的特性提高工程系统的性能至关重要。本综述旨在全面概述 SOCALs 的最新发展，剖析这些材料表面去湿的基本原理。然后探讨 SOCALs 的设计配置，以及表面密度、分子量和结构等链的物理特性如何影响其界面流动性和动态液态质量。最后，报告重点介绍了 SOCAL 涂层材料在现实世界中的代表性应用，强调了将 SOCAL 材料作为材料和结构设计取得根本性进步的渠道的探索，在材料和界面创新之间架起了一座桥梁。

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引用次数: 0

Polyesters and deep eutectic solvents: From synthesis through modification to depolymerization 聚酯和深共晶溶剂：从合成到改性到解聚

IF 26 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101930

Magdalena Zdanowicz , Sandra Paszkiewicz , Miroslawa El Fray

Thermoplastic polyesters constitute an important class of materials in today's world due to their unique combination of properties, versatility, recyclability, sustainability, and other advantages. A wide range of monomers used in polyesters synthesis lead to their usage in various industries, such as packaging, automotive, or electronics. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and other thermoplastic polyesters have been around for decades, however, nowadays, with growing problems such as microplastic migration, growth of landfills, and decreasing sources of fossil fuels, the lack of their biodegradability or the high cost of biodegradable ones make it necessary to search for greener solutions. A novel group of media: deep eutectic solvents (DESs) that have found applications in many areas of science, can also be applied in polyester technology. This review is a holistic approach presenting polyesters in every step of their technology. DESs as easy-to-prepare, green, and cheap alternatives to the organic solvents, metal salts, and ionic liquids employed as reaction media or catalysts. In polyester synthesis, DESs serve as monomer sources, reaction media, and catalysts, i.e. monomeric DESs facilitate solvent-free, autocatalyzed polymerization and production of safe and biodegradable materials that can be applied, for example, in pharmaceutical or medicine engineering. Some DESs cannot depolymerize polyesters, but can render their surfaces more hydrophilic without affecting crystallinity and thus hold promise as functional additives (interfacial/active agents, plasticizers and compatibilizers) for polyesters and their blends. DESs have been widely used in the depolymerization of polyesters (mainly PET but also poly(lactic acid) and poly(ethylene 2,5-furanoate)) as cheaper or greener catalysts or reaction media (or both) with conversion up to 100% and high yield of monomer. In this paper, we consider polyesters and DES issue from the “cradle-to-grave” or even "cradle-to-grave-to-cradle" viewpoint emphasizing the importance of solvolysis as a chemical recycling method. Finally, we present the future perspectives and possibilities of DES usage in polyester technology.

热塑性聚酯由于其独特的综合性能、多功能性、可回收性、可持续性和其他优点，在当今世界上构成了一类重要的材料。聚酯合成中使用的各种单体导致它们在各种工业中使用，如包装，汽车或电子。聚对苯二甲酸乙酯（PET）和其他热塑性聚酯已经存在了几十年，然而，如今，随着微塑料迁移、垃圾填埋场的增长和化石燃料来源的减少等问题的日益严重，它们缺乏可生物降解性或可生物降解的高成本使得有必要寻找更环保的解决方案。一组新的介质：深共晶溶剂（DESs）已经在许多科学领域得到了应用，也可以应用于聚酯技术。这篇综述是一个全面的方法，介绍聚酯在其技术的每一步。作为反应介质或催化剂的有机溶剂、金属盐和离子液体的替代品，DESs易于制备、绿色环保且价格低廉。在聚酯合成中，DESs作为单体来源、反应介质和催化剂，即单体DESs促进无溶剂、自催化聚合和生产安全、可生物降解的材料，这些材料可以应用于制药或医药工程等领域。一些聚醚不能解聚聚酯，但可以使其表面更亲水而不影响结晶度，因此有望作为聚酯及其共混物的功能添加剂（界面/活性剂、增塑剂和相容剂）。DESs在聚酯（主要是PET，但也包括聚乳酸和聚乙烯2,5-呋喃酸酯）的解聚中作为更便宜或更环保的催化剂或反应介质（或两者兼有），转化率可达100%，单体收率高。在本文中，我们从“从摇篮到坟墓”甚至“从摇篮到坟墓到摇篮”的观点来考虑聚酯和DES问题，强调溶剂分解作为一种化学回收方法的重要性。最后，我们提出了DES在聚酯技术中应用的前景和可能性。

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引用次数: 0