Progress in Polymer Science最新文献_第3页

Sustainable polymers for battery applications 电池应用的可持续聚合物

IF 26.1 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.102038

Zhuoyu Yin , Yoonseob Kim

Synthetic polymers, known for their durability, low cost, and functionality, have become indispensable in our lives, yet they also raise significant environmental concerns. Concurrently, energy storage devices, particularly rechargeable batteries, are essential for everyday convenience and are witnessing exponential demand across various applications, from smartphones to personal computers and electric vehicles. As key technologies in achieving “Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality”, the sustainability of batteries establishes a critical goal for advancements in polymer development. Sustainable polymers derived from natural feedstocks or green processes, such as recycling and upcycling, have emerged as promising candidates for sustainable battery manufacturing. This includes applications in solid-state polymer electrolytes, binders, separators, and organic electrode materials. On one hand, sustainable polymers can significantly reduce our reliance on petroleum-based raw materials and eliminate the toxic solvents often used in battery production, thereby alleviating environmental concerns. On the other hand, the development of solid-state polymer electrolytes can lead to batteries with a more compact structure and improved energy density. However, the integration of sustainable polymers into battery technology is still in its early stages, and several challenges need to be addressed to effectively replace petroleum-based polymers. This review summarizes the cycling approaches to sustainable polymers and highlights pioneering research in battery applications over the past decade. We conclude by discussing the potential challenges and promising directions for the future development of batteries utilizing sustainable polymers.

合成聚合物以其耐用性、低成本和功能性而闻名，已成为我们生活中不可或缺的一部分，但它们也引起了严重的环境问题。与此同时，能量存储设备，尤其是可充电电池，对日常生活的便利至关重要，从智能手机到个人电脑和电动汽车，各种应用的需求都呈指数级增长。作为实现“碳峰值和碳中和”的关键技术，电池的可持续性是聚合物发展的关键目标。从天然原料或绿色工艺（如回收和升级回收）中提取的可持续聚合物已成为可持续电池制造的有希望的候选者。这包括固态聚合物电解质，粘合剂，分离器和有机电极材料的应用。一方面，可持续聚合物可以显著减少我们对石油基原材料的依赖，并消除电池生产中经常使用的有毒溶剂，从而减轻环境问题。另一方面，固态聚合物电解质的发展可以使电池具有更紧凑的结构和更高的能量密度。然而，将可持续聚合物整合到电池技术中仍处于早期阶段，要想有效地取代石油基聚合物，还需要解决一些挑战。本文综述了可持续聚合物的循环方法，并重点介绍了过去十年中电池应用方面的开创性研究。最后，我们讨论了利用可持续聚合物的电池未来发展的潜在挑战和有希望的方向。

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引用次数: 0

Precision polymers: advances in synthesis, structural engineering, and functional optimization 精密聚合物：合成、结构工程和功能优化方面的进展

IF 26.1 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.102030

Zhanhui Gan , Jinming Liu , Zhuoqi Xu , Shuai Jia , Xue-Hui Dong

Most synthetic polymers are mixtures of homologous chains that vary in chain length, sequence, and architecture. This inherent heterogeneity blurs fundamental structure-property correlations and compromises experimental resolution, reliability, and reproducibility. Although modern polymerization techniques have achieved remarkable control over molecular parameters, absolute structural uniformity across multi-length scales remains unattainable. Recent progress in iterative synthesis and high-resolution chromatography has facilitated the creation of precision polymers—chains of uniform length, exact sequence, and programmable architecture. This review summarizes recent advances that confer such structural fidelity, focusing on iterative synthetic strategies and chromatographic separations. We further illustrate how these precisely defined molecular parameters translate into quantitatively predictable thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors, exemplified by crystallization and self-assembly in bulk and solution. Emerging applications in electronic information, biomedical engineering, and organic optoelectronics are also outlined. We conclude by assessing the remaining challenges and opportunities presented by the advent of AI-guided design and automation.

大多数合成聚合物是同源链的混合物，其链长、序列和结构各不相同。这种固有的异质性模糊了基本的结构-性质相关性，并损害了实验的分辨率、可靠性和可重复性。尽管现代聚合技术已经实现了对分子参数的显著控制，但在多长度尺度上的绝对结构均匀性仍然是不可能实现的。迭代合成和高分辨率色谱的最新进展促进了精确聚合物链的创建，这些聚合物链具有均匀的长度、精确的序列和可编程的结构。本文综述了赋予这种结构保真度的最新进展，重点是迭代合成策略和色谱分离。我们进一步说明了这些精确定义的分子参数如何转化为定量可预测的热力学和动力学行为，例如在体和溶液中的结晶和自组装。本文还概述了电子信息、生物医学工程和有机光电子学等领域的新兴应用。最后，我们评估了人工智能引导的设计和自动化出现所带来的挑战和机遇。

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引用次数: 0

Adding machine learning to the polymer reaction engineering toolbox 将机器学习添加到聚合物反应工程工具箱

IF 26.1 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.102029

Kiarash Farajzadehahary , Shaghayegh Hamzehlou , Nicholas Ballard

Mathematical modeling has long played a crucial role in the development of macromolecular systems, offering a framework for designing polymeric materials to achieve specific targets. Traditionally, these models have been grounded in first-principles knowledge of the underlying physical and chemical processes. However, in recent years, data-driven approaches, particularly those based on machine learning (ML), have gained significant traction. Unlike conventional models, which are constrained by predefined assumptions, ML models offer greater flexibility, which can have both positive and negative consequences. On the positive side, the flexibility of machine learning models makes them particularly useful for analyzing complex systems, such as those common to polymeric materials, which are often challenging to fully capture with traditional approaches. However, a well-known drawback is that their lack of physical grounding can sometimes result in unrealistic predictions. In this review, recent advances in the use of machine learning in the field of polymer reaction engineering are discussed, with a particular focus on how to incorporate the strengths of both first-principles and data-driven mathematical models. The review begins with an overview of the key machine learning techniques currently available and then explores specific scenarios where their application has proven beneficial in modelling of polymeric systems. Following an in-depth discussion of the state-of-the-art with respect to polymer reaction engineering applications, the article concludes with a perspective on the future of this nascent field, outlining key challenges and opportunities for further research.

数学建模长期以来在大分子体系的发展中起着至关重要的作用，为设计聚合物材料以实现特定目标提供了一个框架。传统上，这些模型是建立在基本物理和化学过程的第一性原理知识基础上的。然而，近年来，数据驱动的方法，特别是那些基于机器学习（ML）的方法，已经获得了巨大的吸引力。与受预定义假设约束的传统模型不同，ML模型提供了更大的灵活性，这既可以产生积极的结果，也可以产生消极的结果。从积极的方面来看，机器学习模型的灵活性使得它们对于分析复杂系统特别有用，例如聚合物材料中常见的系统，这些系统通常很难用传统方法完全捕获。然而，一个众所周知的缺点是，他们缺乏身体基础，有时会导致不切实际的预测。在这篇综述中，讨论了在聚合物反应工程领域使用机器学习的最新进展，特别关注如何将第一原理和数据驱动的数学模型的优势结合起来。本文首先概述了当前可用的关键机器学习技术，然后探讨了它们在聚合物系统建模中被证明有益的具体应用场景。在深入讨论了聚合物反应工程应用的最新技术之后，文章最后对这一新兴领域的未来进行了展望，概述了进一步研究的关键挑战和机遇。

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引用次数: 0

Recent progress and trends in developing polymer ferroelectrics 聚合物铁电材料的研究进展及趋势

IF 26.1 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.102028

Fan Ye , Satoshi Aya , Mingjun Huang

In polymer ferroelectrics, spontaneous polarization is linked to the symmetry breaking of permanent dipolar elements, which usually arises from strong dipolar interactions or introduced chirality. Recently, there have been rapid and significant advances in understanding how molecular design and dipolar interactions dictate ferroelectric order in the soft matter field. These insights could greatly enhance our comprehension of polymer ferroelectrics and prompt a reevaluation of their design principles. In this review, we explore the origins of ferroelectricity in polymers, highlighting the critical role of dipolar interactions. We present a comprehensive collection and categorization of all polymer ferroelectrics, including both fluorinated and non-fluorinated systems. Additionally, we discuss domain size, domain wall, and topological engineering of polymer ferroelectrics, followed by an examination of representative and emerging applications. Finally, we offer perspectives on the future development of polymer ferroelectrics, focusing on novel non-fluorinated polymer systems, the flexible tuning of physical properties and performance, and the precise control of topology and polarization distribution.

在聚合物铁电体中，自发极化与永久偶极元素的对称性破缺有关，这通常是由强偶极相互作用或引入手性引起的。最近，在理解分子设计和偶极相互作用如何决定软物质场中的铁电秩序方面取得了迅速而重大的进展。这些见解可以大大提高我们对聚合物铁电体的理解，并促使对其设计原则的重新评估。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了铁电在聚合物中的起源，强调了偶极相互作用的关键作用。我们提出了一个全面的收集和分类的所有聚合物铁电体，包括氟化和非氟化系统。此外，我们讨论了畴的尺寸，畴壁和聚合物铁电体的拓扑工程，随后检查了代表性和新兴的应用。最后，我们对聚合物铁电体的未来发展进行了展望，重点关注新型无氟聚合物体系，物理性质和性能的柔性调谐以及拓扑和极化分布的精确控制。

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引用次数: 0

Towards the next development of vitrimers: Recent key topics for the practical application and understanding of the fundamental physics 玻璃体的下一个发展：基础物理的实际应用和理解的最新关键主题

IF 26.1 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.102026

Mikihiro Hayashi , Ralm G. Ricarte

Vitrimers have emerged as an innovative class of functional cross-linked polymers, providing recyclability, healability, and post-cured malleability without distinct flow. These features are attributed to the relaxation and diffusion of network strands through associative bond exchanges within the network. Significant progress has been made in investigating the chemical library and new functionalities, along with comprehensive studies on fundamental physics, including relaxation and rheological characteristics. Despite a rapid increase in research publications over the past decade, critical challenges remain in practical applications, particularly regarding preparation protocols, control of physical properties, and the development of analytical techniques. Unlike existing reviews focusing on vitrimer design and basic features, this article highlights recent crucial topics, such as vitrimer transformation from commodity polymers, the trade-off between processability and mechanical performance, and the control/analysis of stress relaxation time and topology freezing temperature, and an understanding of rheological properties, based on experimental, simulation, and theoretical studies. The transformation using commodity polymers could introduce a novel upcycling technique. The trade-off issues propose unique vitrimer designs utilizing phase-separated structures and post-molding curing. Moreover, given the strong correlation between relaxation/rheological properties and processability/recyclability/healability, their control and analysis are vital for both foundational physics and practical applications. Throughout the article, we provide insights and pose new open questions for the next development of vitrimer materials.

Vitrimers作为一种创新的功能性交联聚合物，具有可回收性、可治愈性和后固化延展性，没有明显的流动。这些特征归因于通过网络内结合键交换的网络链的松弛和扩散。在化学文库和新功能的研究方面取得了重大进展，同时在基础物理方面进行了全面的研究，包括弛豫和流变特性。尽管在过去十年中，研究出版物迅速增加，但在实际应用中仍然存在重大挑战，特别是在制备方案，物理性质控制和分析技术的发展方面。不像现有的综述集中在玻璃聚合物的设计和基本特征，这篇文章强调了最近的关键话题，如玻璃聚合物从商品聚合物转化，可加工性和机械性能之间的权衡，应力松弛时间和拓扑冻结温度的控制/分析，以及基于实验，模拟和理论研究的流变特性的理解。使用商品聚合物的改造可以引入一种新的升级回收技术。权衡问题提出了独特的玻璃体设计利用相分离结构和成型后固化。此外，考虑到弛豫/流变特性与可加工性/可回收性/可修复性之间的强相关性，它们的控制和分析对于基础物理和实际应用都至关重要。在整个文章中，我们提供了见解，并提出了新的开放性问题，为下一步发展的玻璃体材料。

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引用次数: 0

Hierarchically structured materials derived from synthetic polymers: design and bulk self-assembly strategies 合成聚合物衍生的分层结构材料：设计和批量自组装策略

IF 26.1 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.102027

Xiaowei Fu , Jae-Man Park , Ruiqi Liang , Yazhen Xue , Mingjiang Zhong

Hierarchical structures are ubiquitous in biological systems—proteins, for instance, achieve complex and precise assemblies through the hierarchical organization of amino acid sequences, enabling diverse and sophisticated functions. Inspired by nature, hierarchically structured synthetic polymers have emerged as a new class of materials capable of forming ordered morphologies with multiple periodicities, surpassing the conventional phase behavior of linear diblock copolymers. This review critically summarizes recent progress in the design and formation of hierarchical structures in synthetic polymers. We categorize current strategies into five major approaches: (1) multiblock copolymers, (2) supramolecular assemblies, (3) liquid crystalline copolymers, (4) polypeptide-based copolymers, and (5) graft/bottlebrush block copolymers. Particular attention is given to approaches that employ diverse macromolecular architectures, including linear, star, and bottlebrush polymers, to access complex morphologies. In addition, we highlight recent advances in polymer-grafted nanocrystals, which give rise to hierarchical superlattices by integrating atomic-level ordering from the nanocrystals with nanoscale periodicity from the polymer corona. We conclude by discussing emerging synthetic directions and potential applications of these hierarchically structured polymeric materials.

等级结构在生物系统中无处不在——例如，蛋白质通过氨基酸序列的等级组织实现复杂而精确的组装，从而实现多样化和复杂的功能。受大自然的启发，分层结构的合成聚合物已经成为一类新的材料，能够形成具有多个周期性的有序形态，超越了线性二嵌段共聚物的传统相行为。本文综述了合成聚合物中分层结构的设计和形成的最新进展。我们将目前的策略分为五种主要方法：(1)多嵌段共聚物，(2)超分子组装，(3)液晶共聚物，(4)多肽基共聚物，(5)接枝/瓶刷嵌段共聚物。特别关注的方法是采用不同的大分子结构，包括线性，星形和瓶刷聚合物，以获得复杂的形态。此外，我们强调了聚合物接枝纳米晶体的最新进展，通过将纳米晶体的原子级有序与聚合物电晕的纳米级周期性相结合，产生了分层超晶格。最后讨论了这些分层结构高分子材料的合成方向和潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Review of enhancing thermal conductivity in polymer-based dielectrics as passive components 聚合物基介电体作为被动元件增强导热性的研究进展

IF 26.1 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.102025

Xiangyan Yu , Qichen Zhou , Dimitrios G. Papageorgiou , Han Zhang , Haixue Yan , Michael J. Reece , Minhao Yang , Emiliano Bilotti

Polymer dielectrics play a pivotal role in modern electronic applications, including oscillators, resonant circuits, electronic filters, and energy storage systems. However, the relentless pursuit of higher power densities and operating frequencies in next-generation electronics has led to exponential growth in heat generation. Conventional polymer dielectrics, with their inherently low thermal conductivity (< 0.5 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹), struggle to dissipate this accumulated heat efficiently, leading to elevated operating temperatures and increased risk of premature dielectric breakdown. To ensure long-term stability and reliability in high-performance electronic systems, a fundamental understanding of heat transfer mechanisms and dielectric behaviour in polymers is essential. Furthermore, novel material‐design approaches are needed to boost dielectric performance and thermal conductivity in tandem, allowing polymer dielectrics to fulfil the exacting demands of next-generation passive components.

聚合物电介质在现代电子应用中发挥着关键作用，包括振荡器、谐振电路、电子滤波器和能量存储系统。然而，在下一代电子产品中对更高功率密度和工作频率的不懈追求导致了热量的指数级增长。传统的聚合物电介质，由于其固有的低导热性（0.5 W·m⁻¹·K⁻），很难有效地散发这些积累的热量，导致工作温度升高和电介质过早击穿的风险增加。为了确保高性能电子系统的长期稳定性和可靠性，对聚合物中的传热机制和介电行为的基本理解是必不可少的。此外，需要新的材料设计方法来同时提高介电性能和导热性，使聚合物介电材料能够满足下一代无源元件的严格要求。

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引用次数: 0

Thiol-epoxy ‘click’ reaction in polymer synthesis 聚合物合成中的硫醇-环氧“点击”反应

IF 26.1 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.102022

Anzar Khan

The base-catalyzed ring-opening reaction of epoxides by thiol nucleophiles, commonly known as the thiol-epoxy ‘click’ reaction, is a versatile method for forming thioether bonds. This review offers mechanistic insights into the reaction and explores its applications in polymer synthesis. The discussion also includes post-polymerization modifications of thioether linkages into sulfoxides, sulfones, and cationic sulfonium salts, as well as esterification of the secondary hydroxyl groups generated by the ‘click’ reaction. Additional topics include scalability, chemoselectivity, regioselectivity, and the formation of disulfide defects. Practical recommendations are provided for optimizing reaction conditions and minimizing side reactions. Finally, future directions are proposed to further expand the utility of this reaction in polymer chemistry.

巯基亲核试剂催化环氧化合物开环反应，通常称为巯基-环氧“咔嗒”反应，是形成硫醚键的一种通用方法。本文综述了该反应的机理，并探讨了其在聚合物合成中的应用。讨论还包括聚合后修饰的硫醚连接到亚砜，砜和阳离子磺盐，以及二级羟基的酯化产生的“点击”反应。其他主题包括可伸缩性、化学选择性、区域选择性和二硫化缺陷的形成。提出了优化反应条件和减少副反应的实用建议。最后，提出了进一步扩大该反应在高分子化学中的应用的发展方向。

引用次数: 0

Ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides: An efficient approach toward peptides, peptoids, and functional materials n -羧基氢化物开环聚合：多肽、类肽和功能材料的有效途径

IF 26.1 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.102013

Pengyu Song , Jiachen Lv , Chun Yang , Qianxi Gu , Shangning Liu , Yuanzu Zhang , Wenli Wang , Yunqing Zhu , Jianzhong Du

Polypeptides, as one of the most remarkable biomacromolecules in nature, possess immense application potential due to their protein-mimetic architectures. Since the discovery of N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) monomers in the early 20th century, these cyclic derivatives have revolutionized polypeptide synthesis by overcoming the inherent challenges in amino acid polycondensation. NCA remains an active research frontier in polymer science and materials engineering. In this review we critically summarize recent advances in NCA-based polymerization strategies. We first highlight ring-opening polymerization approaches, followed by an in-depth discussion on copolymerization systems with emphasis on monomer compatibility. As molecular assembly serves as the critical bridge connecting polymer synthesis to functional applications, we subsequently analyze various self-assembly mechanisms of NCA-derived polypeptides, with a focus on elucidating the driving forces underlying different supramolecular architectures. Furthermore, we comprehensively overview the emerging functional applications of these polypeptide materials across biomedical and nanotechnology domains. We critically analyze persistent challenges while charting emergent research frontiers in this field. This review not only consolidates the recent progress in NCA polymerization but also provides mechanistic insights into molecular assembly and a roadmap for advancing functional polypeptide materials in next-generation applications.

多肽作为自然界中最引人注目的生物大分子之一，由于其具有类似蛋白质的结构，具有巨大的应用潜力。自20世纪初发现n -羧基氢化物（NCA）单体以来，这些环状衍生物克服了氨基酸缩聚的固有挑战，彻底改变了多肽合成。NCA在高分子科学和材料工程领域一直是一个活跃的研究前沿。在这篇综述中，我们批判性地总结了nca基聚合策略的最新进展。我们首先强调开环聚合方法，然后深入讨论共聚体系，重点是单体相容性。由于分子组装是连接聚合物合成与功能应用的关键桥梁，我们随后分析了nca衍生多肽的各种自组装机制，重点阐明了不同超分子结构背后的驱动力。此外，我们全面概述了这些多肽材料在生物医学和纳米技术领域的新兴功能应用。我们批判性地分析持续的挑战，同时绘制该领域的新兴研究前沿。本文不仅综述了NCA聚合的最新进展，而且为分子组装提供了机制见解，并为推进下一代功能多肽材料的应用提供了路线图。

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引用次数: 0

Chemical structure design for eco-friendly dielectric polymer materials 环保介质高分子材料的化学结构设计

IF 26.1 1区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Progress in Polymer Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.102014

Baoquan Wan , Jun-Wei Zha , Zhi-Min Dang

Environmentally friendly dielectric polymer materials that can subjectively adapt to environmental changes and self-restore mechanical and electrical insulation properties continue to emerge. These adaptive systems are expected to revolutionize the development of smart grids, power electronic systems, and other fields. We will present a new trend emerging in environmentally friendly dielectric design that utilizes reversible chemistry (both non-covalent and covalent) to control reactions originating at the most fundamental (molecular) level. Dielectrics designed with this molecular structure will be able to heal or recycle themselves on a macroscopic scale as a result of changes in the molecular structure of the material (i.e., rearrangement or reorganization of polymer components or aggregates). However, the ability to design the molecular structure and ensure the original excellent properties of the dielectric is of interest to researchers. This review will summarize the challenges and opportunities in chemical structure modification with respect to the needs of dielectric application scenarios and specific examples. Furthermore, it will guide the design and preparation of environmentally friendly dielectrics and promote the development of interdisciplinary research between high-voltage insulation technology and polymer chemistry.

能够主观上适应环境变化、自我恢复机电绝缘性能的环保型介电高分子材料不断涌现。这些自适应系统有望彻底改变智能电网、电力电子系统和其他领域的发展。我们将介绍环保电介质设计的新趋势，该设计利用可逆化学（非共价和共价）来控制源自最基本（分子）水平的反应。用这种分子结构设计的电介质将能够在宏观尺度上自我修复或再循环，因为材料的分子结构发生了变化（即聚合物组分或聚集体的重排或重组）。然而，设计分子结构并保证电介质原有优异性能的能力是研究人员感兴趣的问题。本文将根据电介质应用场景的需要和具体实例，总结化学结构改性的挑战和机遇。指导环境友好型介电材料的设计和制备，促进高压绝缘技术与高分子化学交叉研究的发展。

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引用次数: 0