There is a large water consumption at machine-building enterprises. Water purification after use is an important task. Requirements for environmental regulations are being tightened and it is important to comply with all regulations at enterprises. It is shown that membrane methods of separation of liquid systems are promising. The advantages and disadvantages of reverse osmosis are analyzed. The principle of operation of reverse osmosis units is described. The feasibility of using a jet pump installed on the concentrate line for the purpose of energy recovery has been assessed. The characteristics of the string pump were calculated, including the efficiency value.
{"title":"Improving the energy efficiency of reverse osmosis plants","authors":"V. V. Mayer, I. S. Kochmarev, P. M. Barannikova","doi":"10.33920/pro-2-2206-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2206-05","url":null,"abstract":"There is a large water consumption at machine-building enterprises. Water purification after use is an important task. Requirements for environmental regulations are being tightened and it is important to comply with all regulations at enterprises. It is shown that membrane methods of separation of liquid systems are promising. The advantages and disadvantages of reverse osmosis are analyzed. The principle of operation of reverse osmosis units is described. The feasibility of using a jet pump installed on the concentrate line for the purpose of energy recovery has been assessed. The characteristics of the string pump were calculated, including the efficiency value.","PeriodicalId":415140,"journal":{"name":"Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126291556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article considers materials that show resistance to the aggressive effects of the chlorine gas environment. Differences in the effects of dry and wet chlorine gas are noted. Specific materials for the manufacture of various elements of chemical equipment are proposed.
{"title":"Materials used in various industries to protect equipment against corrosion in a chlorine environment","authors":"E. Androsova","doi":"10.33920/pro-2-2206-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2206-04","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers materials that show resistance to the aggressive effects of the chlorine gas environment. Differences in the effects of dry and wet chlorine gas are noted. Specific materials for the manufacture of various elements of chemical equipment are proposed.","PeriodicalId":415140,"journal":{"name":"Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128545778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. V. Smirnov, V. Belyaev, N. M. Luchkov, I. Zotov
The article provides a theoretical definition of the optimal depth of hardening of the parts of the front drive axle. In the course of the work, the depth of hardening was theoretically determined, and after analyzing modern hardening methods, the optimal method of hardening the parts of the URAL-4320 front drive axle was selected.
{"title":"Theoretical determination of the optimal depth of hardening of the parts of the URAL-4320 front drive axle","authors":"A. V. Smirnov, V. Belyaev, N. M. Luchkov, I. Zotov","doi":"10.33920/pro-2-2206-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2206-06","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides a theoretical definition of the optimal depth of hardening of the parts of the front drive axle. In the course of the work, the depth of hardening was theoretically determined, and after analyzing modern hardening methods, the optimal method of hardening the parts of the URAL-4320 front drive axle was selected.","PeriodicalId":415140,"journal":{"name":"Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic)","volume":"47 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113972266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, the authors conducted a comparative analysis of methods for removing residual stresses in welded structures. The reasons for the formation of residual stresses and methods of their removal are given.
本文对消除焊接结构残余应力的几种方法进行了比较分析。给出了残余应力产生的原因和消除残余应力的方法。
{"title":"Comparative analysis of methods for reducing residual stresses in welded structures made of austenitic steels","authors":"I. A. Kapranova, D. D. Rozhik","doi":"10.33920/pro-2-2206-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2206-07","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the authors conducted a comparative analysis of methods for removing residual stresses in welded structures. The reasons for the formation of residual stresses and methods of their removal are given.","PeriodicalId":415140,"journal":{"name":"Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131487379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the article, the authors conducted a brief review of the quality indicators of the surface layer of machine parts with various methods of abrasive processing. Recommendations are given on the choice of cutting modes during grinding, recommendations are also given on the refinement of grinding modes based on measurement data in real production conditions. The application of the approaches presented in the article may vary depending on the situation and the current production conditions, it is useful in the implementation of the educational process in the relevant specialized areas of training specialists in the development of course and diploma projects.
{"title":"The choice of finishing methods and cutting modes in the development of technological operations based on the analysis of data on the quality of the surface layer","authors":"A. Nikonorov, V. A. Moskovkin, A. Poteryaeva","doi":"10.33920/pro-2-2206-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2206-02","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, the authors conducted a brief review of the quality indicators of the surface layer of machine parts with various methods of abrasive processing. Recommendations are given on the choice of cutting modes during grinding, recommendations are also given on the refinement of grinding modes based on measurement data in real production conditions. The application of the approaches presented in the article may vary depending on the situation and the current production conditions, it is useful in the implementation of the educational process in the relevant specialized areas of training specialists in the development of course and diploma projects.","PeriodicalId":415140,"journal":{"name":"Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128309460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Batshev, A. Machikhin, A. Gorevoy, D. Khokhlov, A. Naumov, V. Kaloshin
The most machine vision-oriented industries are metallurgical, food, household chemicals, automotive and mechanical engineering, as well as pharmaceutical production. These are the areas in which there are increased requirements for the quality of products. An important role in increasing the demand for machine vision technologies was also played by the introduction of a national labeling and product tracking system. However, in the space industry, issues related to machine vision have not been fully resolved by non-destructive testing methods. For the first time in Russia, a prototype measuring stereoscopic video endoscope was developed, manufactured and tested. The authors have developed the software that allows obtaining textured three-dimensional models of objects, measure their geometric parameters, estimate the measurement error, calibrate and configure the system. The technical characteristics of the video endoscope have been confirmed at the level of analogues produced by the world's leading manufacturers. A method of designing probe stereoscopic systems has been developed and applied in practice.
{"title":"Methods and means of visual and dimensional tests of hard-to-reach nodes of rocket and space equipment","authors":"V. Batshev, A. Machikhin, A. Gorevoy, D. Khokhlov, A. Naumov, V. Kaloshin","doi":"10.33920/pro-2-2203-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2203-01","url":null,"abstract":"The most machine vision-oriented industries are metallurgical, food, household chemicals, automotive and mechanical engineering, as well as pharmaceutical production. These are the areas in which there are increased requirements for the quality of products. An important role in increasing the demand for machine vision technologies was also played by the introduction of a national labeling and product tracking system. However, in the space industry, issues related to machine vision have not been fully resolved by non-destructive testing methods. For the first time in Russia, a prototype measuring stereoscopic video endoscope was developed, manufactured and tested. The authors have developed the software that allows obtaining textured three-dimensional models of objects, measure their geometric parameters, estimate the measurement error, calibrate and configure the system. The technical characteristics of the video endoscope have been confirmed at the level of analogues produced by the world's leading manufacturers. A method of designing probe stereoscopic systems has been developed and applied in practice.","PeriodicalId":415140,"journal":{"name":"Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129060964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Yudachev, S. Sitnikov, P. A. Monakhov, N. Gordienko
CNC equipment is flexible, versatile, and has high performance. The use of such equipment significantly changes the nature of production and makes it mobile, meeting the requirements for continuous improvement and updating of mechanical engineering products. However, CNC machines are quite complex, and their acquisition is associated with large financial costs, therefore, the problem of efficient use of CNC machines is a priority for most mechanical engineering enterprises and is inextricably linked with the need to write various programs. Variants of the implementation of sequential, parallel correction and feedback correction methods in the Simulink package from MATLAB CAD are proposed. When performing the work, customizable library blocks are used, which are available for students to access on the official website of the software manufacturer. Schemes for each correction method with a description of the included blocks are presented. The output of the results and the comparison of the obtained data is carried out using a software oscilloscope built into the package, which allows clearly understanding the difference between the schemes. A comparison is made on the example of various types of signals for the most objective assessment of the quality of signal correction by one method or another. The practical significance of the work is familiarization with the MATLAB CAD Simulink package and consideration of possible ways to implement these correction schemes, as well as availability of the same schemes for self-construction in this CAD. This work can be used not only for teaching students of higher educational institutions in the field of development, debugging and coding of electronic and radio-electronic devices in terms of describing the algorithm of their work, but also for organizing laboratory work on courses of disciplines related to this topic, as well as when creating and designing real devices in production. Familiarization and study of this programming language are conducted within the walls of one of the leading engineering universities of the Russian Federation, the Bauman Moscow State Technical University.
{"title":"Implementation of tracking system correction methods in the Simulink package from MATLAB CAD","authors":"S. Yudachev, S. Sitnikov, P. A. Monakhov, N. Gordienko","doi":"10.33920/pro-2-2203-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2203-02","url":null,"abstract":"CNC equipment is flexible, versatile, and has high performance. The use of such equipment significantly changes the nature of production and makes it mobile, meeting the requirements for continuous improvement and updating of mechanical engineering products. However, CNC machines are quite complex, and their acquisition is associated with large financial costs, therefore, the problem of efficient use of CNC machines is a priority for most mechanical engineering enterprises and is inextricably linked with the need to write various programs. Variants of the implementation of sequential, parallel correction and feedback correction methods in the Simulink package from MATLAB CAD are proposed. When performing the work, customizable library blocks are used, which are available for students to access on the official website of the software manufacturer. Schemes for each correction method with a description of the included blocks are presented. The output of the results and the comparison of the obtained data is carried out using a software oscilloscope built into the package, which allows clearly understanding the difference between the schemes. A comparison is made on the example of various types of signals for the most objective assessment of the quality of signal correction by one method or another. The practical significance of the work is familiarization with the MATLAB CAD Simulink package and consideration of possible ways to implement these correction schemes, as well as availability of the same schemes for self-construction in this CAD. This work can be used not only for teaching students of higher educational institutions in the field of development, debugging and coding of electronic and radio-electronic devices in terms of describing the algorithm of their work, but also for organizing laboratory work on courses of disciplines related to this topic, as well as when creating and designing real devices in production. Familiarization and study of this programming language are conducted within the walls of one of the leading engineering universities of the Russian Federation, the Bauman Moscow State Technical University.","PeriodicalId":415140,"journal":{"name":"Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122073445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increasing the reliability of the production system has a significant impact on the organizational and economic performance of the enterprise, while there are both positive and negative organizational economic consequences. That is why good governance reliability of the PS with the instability of its elements is of particular interest the heads of industrial enterprises. It is proposed to form a PS optimal level of reliability with further maintenance of this state during the period of operation of the system under given conditions. In the article two criteria for optimizing the reliability of the production system are considered. we: minimum cost and maximum profit. Choice Based determining criterion, the algorithm for the formation of production systems of optimal level of reliability. It is shown that when organizing pro- of the production process, its main indicators are planned in the form of deterministic values, a simulation model is developed production, taking into account its level of reliability. The result of the study of the model is to determine the optimal level of reliability of the production system stems based on the choice of the defining optimization criterion. Hence, PS reliability management ensures its organizational and economic sustainability in a market economy.
{"title":"Forming a production system with the optimal level of reliability","authors":"G. Ganina","doi":"10.33920/pro-2-2203-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2203-06","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing the reliability of the production system has a significant impact on the organizational and economic performance of the enterprise, while there are both positive and negative organizational economic consequences. That is why good governance reliability of the PS with the instability of its elements is of particular interest the heads of industrial enterprises. It is proposed to form a PS optimal level of reliability with further maintenance of this state during the period of operation of the system under given conditions. In the article two criteria for optimizing the reliability of the production system are considered. we: minimum cost and maximum profit. Choice Based determining criterion, the algorithm for the formation of production systems of optimal level of reliability. It is shown that when organizing pro- of the production process, its main indicators are planned in the form of deterministic values, a simulation model is developed production, taking into account its level of reliability. The result of the study of the model is to determine the optimal level of reliability of the production system stems based on the choice of the defining optimization criterion. Hence, PS reliability management ensures its organizational and economic sustainability in a market economy.","PeriodicalId":415140,"journal":{"name":"Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122333426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article considers the results of an experiment using the Examus proctoring system for conducting control measures at the Department of Engineering Graphics, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, in the period of distance learning and the stages of work in the system. There are three versions of proctoring: 1. Proctor is a person. The test taker is watched by a live person through a monitor screen: the person organizes control and decides on the pass/no pass of the exam. Completed tasks are checked separately from each other. 2. Proctor is a computer. It is a special technical program that recognizes the "undesirable" behavior of the subjects. The quality of recognition is constantly being improved. At the moment, such systems are able to track and analyze the direction of gaze, the style of tapping on the keyboard, the manner of conversation, etc. The results of testing are summed up by a computer without any human intervention. 3. Human and computer. In this case, the exam is controlled by the program, and the person is engaged in checking the results. If the test subject behaves strangely or suspiciously, the program will issue a warning, record everything and inform the proctor about it. The third version was used in the experiment, which greatly facilitated the work of the teachers. In this case, there is no need to monitor each student or in the personal presence of examiners during the tests and exams The Examus proctoring system has a psychological effect, it makes students abandon attempts at deception, and the very fact of observation becomes a great help in ensuring the reliability of test results. The article provides specific examples of students' violations during the exam. An analysis of the Examus system has been carried out, confirming its effectiveness in terms of such indicators as the reliability of identity verification and the reduction of time costs.
{"title":"Using the Examus proctoring system during distance learning at the Bauman Moscow State Technical University","authors":"A. Goryachkina, O. M. Koryagina, I. A. Goryunova","doi":"10.33920/pro-2-2203-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2203-05","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the results of an experiment using the Examus proctoring system for conducting control measures at the Department of Engineering Graphics, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, in the period of distance learning and the stages of work in the system. There are three versions of proctoring: 1. Proctor is a person. The test taker is watched by a live person through a monitor screen: the person organizes control and decides on the pass/no pass of the exam. Completed tasks are checked separately from each other. 2. Proctor is a computer. It is a special technical program that recognizes the \"undesirable\" behavior of the subjects. The quality of recognition is constantly being improved. At the moment, such systems are able to track and analyze the direction of gaze, the style of tapping on the keyboard, the manner of conversation, etc. The results of testing are summed up by a computer without any human intervention. 3. Human and computer. In this case, the exam is controlled by the program, and the person is engaged in checking the results. If the test subject behaves strangely or suspiciously, the program will issue a warning, record everything and inform the proctor about it. The third version was used in the experiment, which greatly facilitated the work of the teachers. In this case, there is no need to monitor each student or in the personal presence of examiners during the tests and exams The Examus proctoring system has a psychological effect, it makes students abandon attempts at deception, and the very fact of observation becomes a great help in ensuring the reliability of test results. The article provides specific examples of students' violations during the exam. An analysis of the Examus system has been carried out, confirming its effectiveness in terms of such indicators as the reliability of identity verification and the reduction of time costs.","PeriodicalId":415140,"journal":{"name":"Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121566831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. P. Yurenkova, L. Golovacheva, A. Andreev, I. Morozov
The article provides examples of using one-sided surfaces, which are completed static structures with surfaces turned inside out, in design practice. One-sided surfaces are the objects of study of topological mathematicians, but in recent years these surfaces have been employed in their research by physicists and chemists. One-sided surfaces include the following surfaces: the Mobius strip, the Klein bottle, the heptahedron and the Steiner surface. One-sided surfaces were discovered and studied by German mathematicians A. Mobius and J. Listing independently of each other in the middle of the 19ᵗʰ century. The first patents for the engineers» inventions, which used the properties of one-sided surfaces, appeared in the 20ᵗʰ century. The latest scientists» achievements in the field of physics and chemistry, awarded the Nobel Prize, were obtained by using the properties of one-sided surfaces. The material of the article will allow drawing the attention of design engineers to one-sided surfaces when creating new machines and improving technological processes. Layouts of these surfaces are printed on a 3D printer using electronic models of the Mobius strip, the Klein bottle and the heptahedron.
{"title":"Prospects for the use of one-sided surfaces in design practice","authors":"L. P. Yurenkova, L. Golovacheva, A. Andreev, I. Morozov","doi":"10.33920/pro-2-2203-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2203-04","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides examples of using one-sided surfaces, which are completed static structures with surfaces turned inside out, in design practice. One-sided surfaces are the objects of study of topological mathematicians, but in recent years these surfaces have been employed in their research by physicists and chemists. One-sided surfaces include the following surfaces: the Mobius strip, the Klein bottle, the heptahedron and the Steiner surface. One-sided surfaces were discovered and studied by German mathematicians A. Mobius and J. Listing independently of each other in the middle of the 19ᵗʰ century. The first patents for the engineers» inventions, which used the properties of one-sided surfaces, appeared in the 20ᵗʰ century. The latest scientists» achievements in the field of physics and chemistry, awarded the Nobel Prize, were obtained by using the properties of one-sided surfaces. The material of the article will allow drawing the attention of design engineers to one-sided surfaces when creating new machines and improving technological processes. Layouts of these surfaces are printed on a 3D printer using electronic models of the Mobius strip, the Klein bottle and the heptahedron.","PeriodicalId":415140,"journal":{"name":"Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122097305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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