This article presents the unpublished Syriac text of an anonymous anti-Jewish dialogue preserved fragmentarily in the manuscript SyrHT 94 [T II B 50 = 1682] from the Berlin Turfan-Collection. The dialogue, which combines scriptural and rational polemical arguments, is an important witness to the development of the adversus Judaeos literary tradition among Syriac Christians during the Islamic period. The text is accompanied by an English translation and a brief discussion.
The present text concerns a traditional lullaby, sung throughout the Levant in various versions, of which the most famous was produced by the Rahbani brothers and sung by Fairouz. The framing story surrounding the lullaby, which is only implicit in the Rahbani version, concerns themes such as kidnapping and the age-old conflict between transhumant pastoral groups and sedentary agriculturalists. Despite the perennial widespread popularity of the lullaby, aspects of its framing story point to its origins in Maaloula.
Various Targums to the Pentateuch include an expansion to the biblical story of Cain and Abel, where the two brothers engage in a debate concerning divine justice and providence. The contents and form of the targumic debate vary widely, and its textual problems and possible theological and historical contexts have been discussed extensively. In this paper, I reconsider the relationships between the different versions of the debate in light of previously unnoticed textual evidence, primarily from textual witnesses of Targum Onqelos. I show that the Palestinian Targum tradition conflates, in different ways, two alternative versions of the debate, whereas some witnesses of Onqelos preserve only one of these versions in a slightly different form. I conclude that these witnesses preserve a source which was also used by the PalTg tradition and are not derived from the PalTg sources at our disposal.
This paper presents the Targum text to Exod. 13:17–15:26 (the reading for the seventh day of Pesach) in the form that it is preserved in mahzorim (or festival prayerbooks). These liturgical manuscripts are witnesses to a textual tradition, hereafter named the “Liturgical Targum” (LTg), that is genealogically related to the broader Palestinian Targum tradition (PalTg), sharing a common source with other PalTg witnesses such as Targum Neofiti and the Fragment Targums. As reading traditions changed over time, and the role of Targum diminished within the synagogue, the text of LTg evolved: units ranging from individual words to entire verses of PalTg were removed or replaced with units of Targum Onqelos (TgOnq). Other PalTg texts show signs of this process of “Onqelosization,” including the text of Fragment Targum P (FragTgP), an enigmatic manuscript that contains the festival reading for the seventh day of Pesach (among other things). This paper will argue two main points: 1. the units of Targum that are shared between LTg and other members of the PalTg tradition show influence by TgOnq (i.e., “Onqelosization”); 2. FragTgP contains part of a text that is directly related to LTg and also contains Onqelosization.
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