Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1163/17455227-01502005
Taro Mimura
Paris Bibliotheque nationale de France MS Arabe 6734 contains a bilingual Syriac-Arabic text of the Hippocratic Aphorisms. Whereas the Arabic lemmata are clearly taken from Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq’s translation of Galen’s Commentary on the Hippocratic Aphorisms, the Syriac translator has not been identified conclusively. In the Syriac translation, there is a long note on lemma iv. 47 in which the annotator refutes Galen’s interpretation of this lemma. In his Arabic translation of Galen’s Commentary on the Hippocratic Aphorisms, Ḥunayn also notes Galen’s misinterpretation of this lemma. In this article, I present the Syriac note, along with an analysis of Galen’s comment on lemma iv. 47 to show an inconsistency of Galen’s interpretation of this aphorism. I then present Ḥunayn’s note on this lemma for the first time, and illustrate how he edited the Arabic translation.
法国巴黎国家图书馆MS Arabe 6734包含希波克拉底格言的双语叙利亚-阿拉伯语文本。阿拉伯语的引理显然取自Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq对盖伦的《希波克拉底格言注释》的翻译，而叙利亚语的译者还没有被确定。在叙利亚语的翻译中，有一个关于引理iv. 47的长注释，注释者驳斥了盖伦对这个引理的解释。在他对盖伦的《希波克拉底格言注释》的阿拉伯语翻译中，Ḥunayn也注意到盖伦对这个引理的误解。在这篇文章中，我提出了叙利亚注释，并分析了盖伦对引理iv. 47的评论，以显示盖伦对这条格言的解释不一致。然后，我将首次介绍Ḥunayn对这个引理的注释，并说明他是如何编辑阿拉伯语翻译的。
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Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1163/17455227-01402001
Valentina Duca
This article explores some ideas of the Syriac Macarian corpus which influenced Isaac of Nineveh’s conception of what he calls ‘weakness’, a condition which, for him, indicates an original frailty inscribed in creaturality. Three concepts deriving from different Macarian writings are analysed and placed side-by-side with some reflections of Isaac: the idea of ‘weakness’ as something proper to the human condition; the relationship to negative experiences and to God in order to discover its reality; and the link between acknowledging it and humility. Through this comparison, Isaac’s debt to the ‘Syriac Macarius’ emerges. The fact that Isaac read texts coming from different authors and proper to the Syriac version—which is different from the Greek Pseudo-Macarian corpus—attributing them to the Egyptian ascetic ‘Macarius’, is underlined. This highlights Isaac’s distinctive approach to the texts and points to the necessity of studying the Syriac versions independently from their Greek originals.
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Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1163/17455227-01402008
T. Niedźwiedzki
Biblical characters underwent certain ‘transformations’ as they were received in targumic literature. Although previous studies of Joseph have considered his image in the extant Targums, it seems that scholars have passed over some of his salient features present in Targum Neofiti, such as his relationship with his father, his brothers, Esau, and the Egyptians, along with a detailed and overall evaluation of his moral conduct. On the basis of particular interpretations that appear in Targum Neofiti, it is possible to describe some of the exegetical traditions about Joseph that were circulating in early Judaism.
{"title":"Joseph’s Two Garments. The Reception of Joseph in Targum Neofiti","authors":"T. Niedźwiedzki","doi":"10.1163/17455227-01402008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17455227-01402008","url":null,"abstract":"Biblical characters underwent certain ‘transformations’ as they were received in targumic literature. Although previous studies of Joseph have considered his image in the extant Targums, it seems that scholars have passed over some of his salient features present in Targum Neofiti, such as his relationship with his father, his brothers, Esau, and the Egyptians, along with a detailed and overall evaluation of his moral conduct. On the basis of particular interpretations that appear in Targum Neofiti, it is possible to describe some of the exegetical traditions about Joseph that were circulating in early Judaism.","PeriodicalId":41594,"journal":{"name":"Aramaic Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"147-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/17455227-01402008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64594812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1163/17455227-01401002
M. Koster
{"title":"Language System, Translation Technique, and Textual Tradition in the Peshitta of Kings, written by Janet W. Dyk and Percy S.F. van Keulen","authors":"M. Koster","doi":"10.1163/17455227-01401002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17455227-01401002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41594,"journal":{"name":"Aramaic Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"67-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/17455227-01401002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64593455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1163/17455227-01402004
L. M. Frenkel
This article analyses the context of the Syriac translation of a refutation of Nestorian excerpts attributed to Theodotus of Ancyra and preserved (with lacunae) in Ms. British Library Add. 17,148, and compares the work with the transmission and translation of the texts attributed to him. The article examines the reception of Cyrillian dialogues as a form of anti-Nestorian invective in Greek, Syriac and Arabic literary communities, and discusses the possibly concomitant composition of soghyatha such as that ‘of Cyril and Nestorius’ in Syriac intellectual cultures.
本文分析了被认为是安拉的狄奥多图(Theodotus of anyra)所作的景教摘录的驳斥的叙利亚语翻译的背景，并将其与被认为是他的文本的传播和翻译进行了比较。本文考察了在希腊、叙利亚和阿拉伯文学界中，作为一种反聂斯脱里谩骂形式的西里尔对话的接受情况，并讨论了在叙利亚知识分子文化中，“西里尔和聂斯脱里”等soghyatha可能同时存在的构成。
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Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1163/17455227-01402005
M. Crawford
The earliest formal New Testament commentary in Syriac is the so-called Commentary on the Diatessaron attributed to Ephrem. This commentary is thoroughly at home in the world of Syriac Christianity, as seen not least in the fact that it focuses on Tatian’s idiosyncratic gospel version. Nevertheless, portions of the commentary also exhibit awareness of exegetical traditions shared with contemporary Greek authors. This paper focuses on one of the more striking of these parallels, namely, (ps-)Ephrem’s treatment of Mary’s Davidic lineage and relation to Elizabeth her ‘kinswoman’. Eusebius of Caesarea had taken up this issue in his Gospel Problems and Solutions, and the author of the Syriac commentary argues for the same three points evident in Eusebius’ treatment. Hence, the Syriac commentator has likely been directly or indirectly influenced by Eusebius’ formulation of this tradition, although specifying the manner of this transmission of ideas is impossible.
{"title":"Resolving Genealogical Ambiguity: Eusebius and (ps-)Ephrem on Luke 1.36","authors":"M. Crawford","doi":"10.1163/17455227-01402005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17455227-01402005","url":null,"abstract":"The earliest formal New Testament commentary in Syriac is the so-called Commentary on the Diatessaron attributed to Ephrem. This commentary is thoroughly at home in the world of Syriac Christianity, as seen not least in the fact that it focuses on Tatian’s idiosyncratic gospel version. Nevertheless, portions of the commentary also exhibit awareness of exegetical traditions shared with contemporary Greek authors. This paper focuses on one of the more striking of these parallels, namely, (ps-)Ephrem’s treatment of Mary’s Davidic lineage and relation to Elizabeth her ‘kinswoman’. Eusebius of Caesarea had taken up this issue in his Gospel Problems and Solutions, and the author of the Syriac commentary argues for the same three points evident in Eusebius’ treatment. Hence, the Syriac commentator has likely been directly or indirectly influenced by Eusebius’ formulation of this tradition, although specifying the manner of this transmission of ideas is impossible.","PeriodicalId":41594,"journal":{"name":"Aramaic Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"83-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/17455227-01402005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64594023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1163/17455227-01402009
B. Simonson
This article examines the appearance of the Aramaic hnṣl clause in the Elephantine legal corpus in order to establish the specific legal function of the clause and explore its origins in ancient Near Eastern and Egyptian legal material. In the end, a Demotic equivalent to hnṣl reveals a strong parallel in legal function, which is to protect property from being reclaimed by former owners or those who may have a claim to ownership, especially between those of unequal status in society. It is concluded that the equivalent terms, the Aramaic hnṣl and the Demotic ṯꜣy, demonstrate the local development of a technical legal term at Elephantine, illustrating how locally prevailing law was able to thrive in Persian Egypt.
本文考察了阿拉姆语hnṣl条款在象岛法律语料库中的出现，以确立该条款的具体法律功能，并探讨其在古代近东和埃及法律材料中的起源。最后，相当于hnṣl的Demotic在法律功能上显示出强烈的相似之处，即保护财产不被前所有者或可能有所有权要求的人收回，特别是在社会地位不平等的人之间。我们得出的结论是，等效的术语，阿拉姆语hnṣl和Demotic的' ' y ' '，表明了当地技术法律术语在象岛的发展，说明了当地流行的法律是如何在波斯埃及蓬勃发展的。
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Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1163/17455227-01401004
A. Butts
The present study analyses the integration of consonants in Greek loanwords in Syriac. It is shown that in the vast majority of cases each Greek consonantal phoneme is represented by a single consonant in Syriac. Correspondences that deviate from this are usually the result of one of two causes. First, a Koinē form of Greek, instead of Attic, likely served as the source for some of the words that prima facie seem to exhibit irregular correspondences. Second, some of the seemingly irregular correspondences are due to secondary developments in Syriac. This study is based on a corpus of more than eight hundred Greek loanwords and their derivatives found in pre-eighth-century Syriac texts that were not translated from Greek.
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Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1163/17455227-01402006
C. Noce
The contemporary fifth-century Latin and Syriac translations of Eusebius’ Historia Ecclesiastica provide a great opportunity for a close comparison which both highlights the different linguistic and cultural patterns underlying the translations produced by Rufinus and the Syriac translator and also reveals many similarities between them. This article is not concerned with using the translations to reconstruct the original Greek text, but with trying to understand, by the analysis of some selected parallel passages, the theological, ideological and cultural characteristics of the Latin and Syriac contexts into which Eusebius’ Historia Ecclesiastica was translated.
{"title":"Eusebius’ Historia Ecclesiastica in Syriac and Latin: A First Comparison","authors":"C. Noce","doi":"10.1163/17455227-01402006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17455227-01402006","url":null,"abstract":"The contemporary fifth-century Latin and Syriac translations of Eusebius’ Historia Ecclesiastica provide a great opportunity for a close comparison which both highlights the different linguistic and cultural patterns underlying the translations produced by Rufinus and the Syriac translator and also reveals many similarities between them. This article is not concerned with using the translations to reconstruct the original Greek text, but with trying to understand, by the analysis of some selected parallel passages, the theological, ideological and cultural characteristics of the Latin and Syriac contexts into which Eusebius’ Historia Ecclesiastica was translated.","PeriodicalId":41594,"journal":{"name":"Aramaic Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"98-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/17455227-01402006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64594108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1163/17455227-01401005
Moshe Florentin
{"title":"Samaritan Aramaic, written by Abraham Tal","authors":"Moshe Florentin","doi":"10.1163/17455227-01401005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17455227-01401005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41594,"journal":{"name":"Aramaic Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"73-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/17455227-01401005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64594170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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