Abstract This article analyzes a group of Byzantine papyri originating from the Oxyrhynchite and containing scribal exercises, which are connected to the famous domus gloriosa of the Apiones. Most of them are written on reused documents belonging to the Apionic dossier, and consist of documentary formulas or short passages copied out of other texts related to the management of the oikos. In a few cases, exercises seem to consist of copies of whole texts such as lists or accounts, so that they can be easily mistaken for real documents. Based on all these texts and on other papyrological evidence related to this issue, it is possible to argue that the oikos of the Apiones was involved in the management of a professional school located in the city of Oxyrhynchus and aiming at the education of future clerks.
{"title":"An Oxyrhynchite Education: How to Become an Apionic Scribe","authors":"G. Azzarello","doi":"10.1515/tc-2023-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tc-2023-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article analyzes a group of Byzantine papyri originating from the Oxyrhynchite and containing scribal exercises, which are connected to the famous domus gloriosa of the Apiones. Most of them are written on reused documents belonging to the Apionic dossier, and consist of documentary formulas or short passages copied out of other texts related to the management of the oikos. In a few cases, exercises seem to consist of copies of whole texts such as lists or accounts, so that they can be easily mistaken for real documents. Based on all these texts and on other papyrological evidence related to this issue, it is possible to argue that the oikos of the Apiones was involved in the management of a professional school located in the city of Oxyrhynchus and aiming at the education of future clerks.","PeriodicalId":41704,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Classics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139537604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract During his excavations in the Fayum, between 1900 and 1902, Pierre Jouguet was able to find a large number of mummy cartonnages, which along with documents of various sorts yielded some surprising, previously lost literary texts, such as Menander’s Sicyonians, Euripides’ Erechtheus, and Stesichorus’ Thebaid. The exact find-spot of the papyri is unclear: we know that the mummies were found in different necropoleis between Medinet Ghoran and Medinet en Nahas (ancient Magdola), but clear topographic information is largely missing: after reaching France, the cartonnages were dismantled in different steps over a span of several decades, so their ‘archival’ history is often difficult to trace. Nonetheless, even if their archaeological context is lost, the texts seem to point to common cultural contexts, as suggested by a comparison of their philological, palaeographic and ‘bibliological’ features. This article will survey such characteristics, in order to reflect on the readership and circulation of Greek literary texts in Ptolemaic Egypt.
{"title":"From Cartonnages to Cultural Contexts","authors":"Lucio Del Corso","doi":"10.1515/tc-2023-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tc-2023-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During his excavations in the Fayum, between 1900 and 1902, Pierre Jouguet was able to find a large number of mummy cartonnages, which along with documents of various sorts yielded some surprising, previously lost literary texts, such as Menander’s Sicyonians, Euripides’ Erechtheus, and Stesichorus’ Thebaid. The exact find-spot of the papyri is unclear: we know that the mummies were found in different necropoleis between Medinet Ghoran and Medinet en Nahas (ancient Magdola), but clear topographic information is largely missing: after reaching France, the cartonnages were dismantled in different steps over a span of several decades, so their ‘archival’ history is often difficult to trace. Nonetheless, even if their archaeological context is lost, the texts seem to point to common cultural contexts, as suggested by a comparison of their philological, palaeographic and ‘bibliological’ features. This article will survey such characteristics, in order to reflect on the readership and circulation of Greek literary texts in Ptolemaic Egypt.","PeriodicalId":41704,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Classics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139538309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper offers an analysis of the possible clues for contextualising papyrus commentaries (hypomnemata), with particular reference to fragments from Roman-era Oxyrhynchus (1st–3rd c. AD). Examples of such clues are presented, including instances of reuse, identified scribe, the presence of secondary interventions, preserved colophon or other indications of authoriality, and documented archaeological findspot.
{"title":"Scroll for More: Papyrus Commentaries from Roman Oxyrhynchus and Context Clues","authors":"Serena Perrone","doi":"10.1515/tc-2023-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tc-2023-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper offers an analysis of the possible clues for contextualising papyrus commentaries (hypomnemata), with particular reference to fragments from Roman-era Oxyrhynchus (1st–3rd c. AD). Examples of such clues are presented, including instances of reuse, identified scribe, the presence of secondary interventions, preserved colophon or other indications of authoriality, and documented archaeological findspot.","PeriodicalId":41704,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Classics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139537274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The common association between the teaching of numbers and basic arithmetical operations, on the one hand, and the earliest levels of linguistic-literary education, on the other, is a datum on which interpreters of Greek papyrological sources are now essentially agreed. A more controversial and less often considered question is whether, in these same ‘scholastic courses’, this basic knowledge also encompassed geometrical and metrological calculations in the form of ‘problems’ (which are typical of the papyrological mathematical tradition). Only a few witnesses to the latter type of texts in Greek have characteristics that would most likely associate them with instructional contexts. The four oldest of these date between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD and are of proven or hypothetical Fayumic provenance. Although they are few in number, these witnesses attest to certain practices in the teaching of mathematics, at least in this historical-geographical context, which are worthy of note.
{"title":"‘Problems’ at School: Mathematical Testimonies from the Fayum in the Roman Period","authors":"Martina Savio","doi":"10.1515/tc-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tc-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The common association between the teaching of numbers and basic arithmetical operations, on the one hand, and the earliest levels of linguistic-literary education, on the other, is a datum on which interpreters of Greek papyrological sources are now essentially agreed. A more controversial and less often considered question is whether, in these same ‘scholastic courses’, this basic knowledge also encompassed geometrical and metrological calculations in the form of ‘problems’ (which are typical of the papyrological mathematical tradition). Only a few witnesses to the latter type of texts in Greek have characteristics that would most likely associate them with instructional contexts. The four oldest of these date between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD and are of proven or hypothetical Fayumic provenance. Although they are few in number, these witnesses attest to certain practices in the teaching of mathematics, at least in this historical-geographical context, which are worthy of note.","PeriodicalId":41704,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Classics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139539880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Literary papyri are not just bearers of the texts they preserve, but also material witnesses to the circulation and readership of literature in Graeco-Roman Egypt. As such, they may shed some light on the production practices and functions of these copies: on their scribes, their readers, their uses and reuses in different contexts. Only recently has a full awareness of the importance of these aspects been achieved and, even though attempts at contextualising literary fragments often prove problematic in many ways, the potential rewards of a holistic approach to literary papyri can still be analysed and exploited.
{"title":"Greek Literary Papyri in Context: Methodological Issues and Research Perspectives","authors":"F. Maltomini, Serena Perrone","doi":"10.1515/tc-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tc-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Literary papyri are not just bearers of the texts they preserve, but also material witnesses to the circulation and readership of literature in Graeco-Roman Egypt. As such, they may shed some light on the production practices and functions of these copies: on their scribes, their readers, their uses and reuses in different contexts. Only recently has a full awareness of the importance of these aspects been achieved and, even though attempts at contextualising literary fragments often prove problematic in many ways, the potential rewards of a holistic approach to literary papyri can still be analysed and exploited.","PeriodicalId":41704,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Classics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139537756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Of the 66 papyri that certainly preserve sections of Menander’s comedies, 40 are fragments of bookrolls. Given the significant number of these items, an analysis of their bibliological aspects yields interesting data on the material characteristics of the author’s transmission. The present paper will analyse the use of recto and verso in the surviving Menandrian papyri, with particular regard to the copies written on the back of documents.
{"title":"Recto and Verso in Bookrolls of Menander","authors":"Roberta Carlesimo","doi":"10.1515/tc-2023-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tc-2023-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Of the 66 papyri that certainly preserve sections of Menander’s comedies, 40 are fragments of bookrolls. Given the significant number of these items, an analysis of their bibliological aspects yields interesting data on the material characteristics of the author’s transmission. The present paper will analyse the use of recto and verso in the surviving Menandrian papyri, with particular regard to the copies written on the back of documents.","PeriodicalId":41704,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Classics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139538006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The chapter discusses the cases of opisthographic papyri dealing with a medical content. According to Manfredo Manfredi’s definition of opisthograph as a papyrus roll reused to transcribe an extensive text, the focus will be on scrolls repurposed on their back side to copy Greek medical treatises, handbooks or receptaria. The analysis will consider the material features of such copies – the nature and quality of the original text, the medical genre, palaeography – in order to draw some preliminary conclusions about the relationship between reuse and genre in a highly specialized technical category of papyrus texts.
{"title":"Medical Opisthographs","authors":"Nicola Reggiani","doi":"10.1515/tc-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tc-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The chapter discusses the cases of opisthographic papyri dealing with a medical content. According to Manfredo Manfredi’s definition of opisthograph as a papyrus roll reused to transcribe an extensive text, the focus will be on scrolls repurposed on their back side to copy Greek medical treatises, handbooks or receptaria. The analysis will consider the material features of such copies – the nature and quality of the original text, the medical genre, palaeography – in order to draw some preliminary conclusions about the relationship between reuse and genre in a highly specialized technical category of papyrus texts.","PeriodicalId":41704,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Classics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139538622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The literary papyri found by Otto Rubensohn on January 25 and 27, 1905, were unearthed together with the archive of the Taurinus family (5th–6th c.) in a dump at Hermopolis. Herwig Maehler proposed that, due to the circumstances of their discovery, these books may have belonged to one of the family members. This hypothesis, if correct, is all the more interesting since it makes these papyri one of the few papyrological libraries with a precise historical context. In this paper, I attempt to make an overall assessment of this library, which has never been inventoried, and discuss its possible relationship with the documentary archive of the Taurini.
{"title":"The Library of the Taurinus Family (5th–6th c.): A Tentative Assessment and Interpretation","authors":"Jean-Luc Fournet","doi":"10.1515/tc-2023-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tc-2023-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The literary papyri found by Otto Rubensohn on January 25 and 27, 1905, were unearthed together with the archive of the Taurinus family (5th–6th c.) in a dump at Hermopolis. Herwig Maehler proposed that, due to the circumstances of their discovery, these books may have belonged to one of the family members. This hypothesis, if correct, is all the more interesting since it makes these papyri one of the few papyrological libraries with a precise historical context. In this paper, I attempt to make an overall assessment of this library, which has never been inventoried, and discuss its possible relationship with the documentary archive of the Taurini.","PeriodicalId":41704,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Classics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139537184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper aims at reconsidering traditional data available for the figure of the hieromonk Stephen the Athenian, purported to be the author of a biographical compilation about famous monks of Mt Athos and of a biography of the Byzantine theologian Nicholas of Methone, published by the Greek forger Costantinos Simonides at the end of the 19th century. The main source for Stephen the Athenian is provided by a lemma of a biographical encyclopedia written by the Phanariot scholar Demetrius Procopius of Moschoupolis (with the title Succincta eruditorum Graecorum superioris et praesentis saeculi recensio) and published in 1722 by Johann Albert Fabricius at the end of the 11th volume of his Bibliotheca Graeca. The employment of a philological analysis to the extant sources of “Stephen” shows that the figure is indeed to be considered the mere result of the distortion created by Simonides from a lexicographical lemma.
摘要:本文旨在重新考虑关于雅典人斯蒂芬的传统资料，他被认为是阿陀斯山著名僧侣传记汇编和拜占庭神学家尼古拉斯的传记的作者，由希腊伪造者康斯坦丁诺斯·西蒙尼德斯在19世纪末出版。《雅典人斯蒂芬》的主要来源是一本传记百科全书的引理，这本百科全书是由莫斯科波利斯的法纳略学者德米特里乌斯·普罗科匹厄斯(Demetrius Procopius)撰写的(标题为《简明百科全书》(Succincta eruditorum Graecorum superioris et praesentis saeculi recensio)， 1722年由约翰·阿尔伯特·法布里修斯(Johann Albert Fabricius)在他的《希腊文献》(Bibliotheca Graeca)第11卷的末尾出版的。对现存“斯蒂芬”来源的语言学分析表明，这个数字确实被认为是西蒙尼德斯从词典引理中产生的扭曲的纯粹结果。
{"title":"A Distorted Lemma: Στεφάκης Ἀθηναῖος ἱερομόναχος and a False Biography of Nicholas of Methone","authors":"Carmelo Nicolò Benvenuto","doi":"10.1515/tc-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tc-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper aims at reconsidering traditional data available for the figure of the hieromonk Stephen the Athenian, purported to be the author of a biographical compilation about famous monks of Mt Athos and of a biography of the Byzantine theologian Nicholas of Methone, published by the Greek forger Costantinos Simonides at the end of the 19th century. The main source for Stephen the Athenian is provided by a lemma of a biographical encyclopedia written by the Phanariot scholar Demetrius Procopius of Moschoupolis (with the title Succincta eruditorum Graecorum superioris et praesentis saeculi recensio) and published in 1722 by Johann Albert Fabricius at the end of the 11th volume of his Bibliotheca Graeca. The employment of a philological analysis to the extant sources of “Stephen” shows that the figure is indeed to be considered the mere result of the distortion created by Simonides from a lexicographical lemma.","PeriodicalId":41704,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Classics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44268848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The papers gathered in this Special Issue cover different phases of ancient, medieval, and modern Greek and Latin and explore an array of issues and trends dealing with historical aspects of Greek and Latin lexicography. The articles have been organized into three thematic units following chronological order: (i) ancient Greek and Latin lexicography; (ii) Greco-Latin lexicography in late antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the modern world; and (iii) uses, perspectives, and ongoing projects in Greco-Latin lexicography. Some papers address more formal issues (linguistic, morphological, semantic, and syntactic) relevant to the study of Greek and Latin lexicography, while other contributions deal with ongoing lexicographical projects, offering fresh perspectives on the future of lexicography.
{"title":"Introduction","authors":"N. Bruno","doi":"10.1515/tc-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tc-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The papers gathered in this Special Issue cover different phases of ancient, medieval, and modern Greek and Latin and explore an array of issues and trends dealing with historical aspects of Greek and Latin lexicography. The articles have been organized into three thematic units following chronological order: (i) ancient Greek and Latin lexicography; (ii) Greco-Latin lexicography in late antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the modern world; and (iii) uses, perspectives, and ongoing projects in Greco-Latin lexicography. Some papers address more formal issues (linguistic, morphological, semantic, and syntactic) relevant to the study of Greek and Latin lexicography, while other contributions deal with ongoing lexicographical projects, offering fresh perspectives on the future of lexicography.","PeriodicalId":41704,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Classics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47365575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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