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Jealous and Violent: Constraining and Celebrating Wifely Jealousy in Mid-to-late Ming China 嫉妒与暴力:明朝中后期对妻子嫉妒的约束与颂扬
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/0147037X.2019.1598676
Shiau-Yun Chen
This essay examines wifely jealousy in mid-to-late Ming China (from the fifteenth to the seventeenth centuries), focusing on the tensions between maintaining a wife’s superior position over concubines and constraining a wife’s violence against her husband’s offspring as result of a woman’s jealous nature. By examining the Ming standard history (Mingshi) and Veritable Records of the Ming (Mingshilu), this article argues that jealous wives’ violence was policed by the state and was involved with the anxiety of producing heirs. Wifely jealousy was criminalized when it threatened the interest of producing sons for the patriarchal family. In contrast, wifely jealousy was celebrated as an expression of a deep, genuine emotion between the husband and the wife when it did not go against the mission of producing heirs and was considered acceptable under the accepted values of the moral system. Wives’ violence was sanctioned when it emerged from maintaining the hierarchical order between wives and concubines instead of jealousy; “non-jealous” wives maintained their authority over their husbands’ concubines and earned the respect of their husbands by actively bringing home concubines to serve the purpose of producing sons for the patriarchal household.
本文考察了中国明朝中后期(15世纪至17世纪)的妻子嫉妒,重点关注由于女性的嫉妒天性,维持妻子对妻妾的优越地位与限制妻子对丈夫子女的暴力之间的紧张关系。本文通过对《明史》和《明实录》的考察,认为嫉妒妻子的暴力行为受到国家的管制,并与后嗣的焦虑有关。当妻子的嫉妒威胁到为父权制家庭生儿子的利益时,就会被定为犯罪。相反,妻子嫉妒被认为是丈夫和妻子之间一种深刻的、真实的情感的表达,如果它不违背生育继承人的使命,并且在公认的道德体系的价值观下被认为是可以接受的。当妻子的暴力行为不是出于嫉妒,而是出于维持妻妾之间的等级秩序时,才得到认可;“不吃醋”的妻子保持了对丈夫妻妾的权威,并通过积极地把妻妾带回家为父权家庭生儿子来赢得丈夫的尊重。
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引用次数: 0
The Art of Being Governed: Everyday Politics in Late Imperial China 被治理的艺术:中国帝国后期的日常政治
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/0147037X.2018.1547007
H. Zurndorfer
Ming history lends itself to all kinds of comparisons and contrasts, both within and outside China. Readers of Michael Szonyi’s excellent book will recognize that the first part of the title reverb...
明史有利于中国内外的各种比较和对比。读者会认识到迈克尔的优秀的书的第一部分的标题混响。。。
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引用次数: 22
The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History 火药时代:世界历史上的中国、军事创新与西方崛起
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/0147037X.2018.1502361
David Robinson
Falling in Love: Stories fromMing China. Translated by Patrick Hanan. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2006. Hanan, Patrick. “The Composition of the Ping Yao Chuan.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 31 (1971): 201–19. Li Yu. The Carnal Prayer Mat. Translated by Patrick Hanan. New York: Ballantine Books, 1990. Li Yu. A Tower for the Summer Heat. Translated by Patrick Hanan. New York: Ballantine Books, 1992. Mirage. Translated by Patrick Hanan. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 2014. PING YAO ZHUAN: The Sorcerers’ Revolt. Translated and annotated by Nathan Sturman. Accessed March 12, 2018. http://www.angelfire.com/ns/pingyaozhuan/toc.html. The Sea of Regret: Two Turn-of-the-Century Chinese Romantic Novels. Translated by Patrick Hanan. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1995. The Three Sui Quash the Demons’ Revolt. Translated by Louis Fusek. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2010.
坠入爱河:中国明代的故事。帕特里克·哈南译。檀香山:夏威夷大学出版社,2006年。帕特里克,哈南。〈平遥传的构成〉,哈佛亚洲研究杂志第31期(1971):201–19页。李宇。卡纳尔祈祷垫,帕特里克·哈南译。纽约:百灵鸟出版社,1990年。李宇。避暑塔。帕特里克·哈南译。纽约:百灵鸟出版社,1992年。幻景帕特里克·哈南译。香港:中国大学出版社,2014。平:魔法师的起义。由Nathan Sturman翻译和注释。访问时间:2018年3月12日。http://www.angelfire.com/ns/pingyaozhuan/toc.html.遗憾的海洋:两部世纪之交的中国浪漫主义小说。帕特里克·哈南译。檀香山:夏威夷大学出版社,1995年。三隋震慑群雄。路易斯·福塞克译。檀香山:夏威夷大学出版社,2010年。
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引用次数: 9
The Eccentrics of Istanbul: Chan, Art, and Cross-Asian Networks in the Ming 伊斯坦布尔的怪人:陈、艺术与明代的跨亚洲网络
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/0147037X.2018.1505132
Paramita Paul
Images of Chan eccentrics were a popular artistic theme in East Asia from the eleventh century onwards. In the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), the theme was carried across the Eurasian continent to Persia. This article examines two fifteenth-century paintings of Chan eccentrics in Persian albums, currently in the Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul. It argues that the paintings are different both thematically and visually, and it explores them in the contexts of their specific albums and histories of collection and viewing. The article shows that each painting brings together visual and conceptual elements of many traditions, including Chinese, Persian and Eurasian traditions and Islamic mysticism. The paintings question common modes of art historical categorization. At the same time, they are evidence of lively artistic networks between Ming China and the Eurasian continent.
从11世纪开始,陈的怪癖形象在东亚成为一个流行的艺术主题。在明朝(1368-1644),这一主题被带过欧亚大陆到达波斯。这篇文章考察了波斯相册中两幅15世纪陈怪癖的画作,目前收藏在伊斯坦布尔的托普卡皮宫博物馆。它认为这些画在主题和视觉上都是不同的,并在它们的特定相册以及收藏和观看历史的背景下对它们进行了探索。文章表明,每幅画都融合了许多传统的视觉和概念元素,包括中国、波斯和欧亚传统以及伊斯兰神秘主义。这些画作质疑艺术历史分类的常见模式。同时,它们也是明代中国与欧亚大陆之间活跃的艺术网络的证据。
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引用次数: 0
Representing Ming China in Fifteenth-Century Persianate Painting 十五世纪波斯绘画中中国明朝的代表
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/0147037X.2018.1505587
Yusen Yu
This article preliminarily analyzes a corpus of fifteenth-century Persianate paintings preserved in the Topkapi and Diez albums. It investigates the album paintings as the pictorial evidence to the Persianate first-hand encounter with Ming China. The paintings feature their emphasis on physiognomic verisimilitude of the painted figures and faithful description of their props and clothing. As a totality, they formulate the proto-ethnographic knowledge on China in the Persianate consciousness of this period. The last section on the representation of Chinese beauty, on the other hand, shows how pre-existing stereotyped imagination merged with the first-hand observation.
本文初步分析了托普卡皮和迪耶兹相册中保存的15世纪波斯绘画文集。它调查了作为波斯人与明朝第一手接触的图像证据的画册画。这些画的特点是强调所画人物的面相逼真,并忠实地描述他们的道具和服装。作为一个整体,他们在这一时期的波斯意识中形成了关于中国的原始民族志知识。另一方面,关于中国美的再现的最后一节,展示了预先存在的刻板印象如何与第一手观察相融合。
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引用次数: 1
Recent Chinese Books in Ming Studies 中国明学新书
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/0147037x.2018.1510133
Yang Xie
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引用次数: 0
Introduction to the Special Issue 特刊简介
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/0147037x.2018.1510190
A. Gerritsen
When Ted Farmer wrote his “News of the Field” piece for the first volume of Ming Studies in 1975, he described his vision for the journal as “an informal vehicle which will serve the needs of all who are interested in the Ming period”, adding that “In scope it will include such fields as history, the fine arts, philosophy and literature.” In Farmer’s recollection of that time, these were “the only four fields in which I could identify anyone writing in English.” Much has changed in the more than four decades that have passed since that first issue; this short introductory piece is not the place to present a comprehensive overview of the developments within the field of Ming Studies as a whole. It may be worthwhile, however, to reflect briefly on what “Ming Studies” has meant for much of that time, especially in terms of chronology, space and discipline. Of course, in a publishing environment where there are journals entitled T’ang Studies, Journal of Song Yuan Studies, and Late Imperial China, it might seem unproblematic that Ming Studies should cover the chronological period from 1368 to 1644. Looking through the titles of Ming Studies articles over the years, article authors do mostly that; there are relatively few articles that focus, for example, on the Yuan dynasty. There are reviews of books that deal with the Yuan, often written by Ming specialists such as John Dardess, as there are reviews of the books that John Dardess wrote about the Yuan dynasty, but no research articles that have “Yuan Dynasty” in their title. Chronologically speaking, then, for most of this journal’s past, the field of Ming Studies covered the study of the period between 1368 and 1644. The topics explored in the journal, whether these were of a literary, religious, philosophical or more broadly historical nature, were all drawn from within these chronological limits. In terms of space, too, the articles included in Ming Studies have remained within the clear boundaries of the Ming Empire: south of the Great Wall and the northern garrisons, east of Tibet and Assam, and on the land side of the maritime frontier. Of course, there are exceptions: familiar characters like Zheng He, seafarers and pirates make regular appearances in the pages of Ming Studies too. There are also articles on the world beyond Ming-controlled territory, such as studies of the SichuanTibetan frontier, or discussions of Ming foreign relations, such as those dealing with Ming–Mongol interactions. But on the whole, the articles in Ming Studies deal with the Han-Chinese world located within the borders such as they were established and maintained by the Ming Empire. The study of Ming China, the underlying assumption appears to be, had clear limits in terms of time and space for most of its publication history. In disciplinary terms, too, the articles in Ming Studies remained largely within certain precincts. Ted Farmer’s suggested fields: history, the fine arts, philosophy and literature, were for m
1975年,泰德·法默(Ted Farmer)为《明朝研究》第一卷撰写“田野新闻”时,他将自己对这本杂志的愿景描述为“一个非正式的载体,将满足所有对明朝感兴趣的人的需求”,并补充说:“在范围内,它将包括历史、美术、哲学和文学等领域。”在法默对那段时间的回忆中,这是“我唯一能认出有人用英语写作的四个领域”。自第一期以来,四十多年来发生了很大的变化;这篇简短的介绍性文章并不能全面概述整个明研究领域的发展。然而,简单地反思一下“明学”在那段时间里的意义,尤其是在年代、空间和学科方面,可能是值得的。当然,在一个有《唐学》、《宋元研究》和《晚清中国》等期刊的出版环境中,《明学》涵盖1368年至1644年这段时间似乎是没有问题的。纵观历年的明学文章,文章作者大多是这样做的;比如,关注元朝的文章相对较少。有一些关于元朝的书的评论,通常是由明朝专家约翰·达尔达斯写的,就像约翰·达尔达斯写的关于元朝的书的评论一样,但没有研究文章的标题中有“元朝”。从年代上讲,在本刊过去的大部分时间里,明朝研究领域涵盖了1368年至1644年之间的研究。该杂志探讨的主题,无论是文学、宗教、哲学还是更广泛的历史性质,都是从这些时间限制中得出的。就空间而言,《明学》所收录的文章也保持在明帝国的明确边界内:长城以南和北部驻军,西藏和阿萨姆邦以东,以及海上边界的陆地一侧。当然,也有例外:像郑和、海员和海盗这样熟悉的人物也经常出现在《明学》的页面上。也有关于明朝控制的领土以外的世界的文章,比如对川藏边境的研究,或者对明朝对外关系的讨论,比如那些处理明蒙古互动的文章。但从总体上看,《明学》的文章研究的是明帝国建立和维护的疆域内的汉人世界。对明代中国的研究,其基本假设似乎是,在其大部分出版历史中,在时间和空间上都有明显的限制。在学科方面,《明学》的文章也基本上保持在一定的范围内。泰德·法默(Ted Farmer)建议的领域:历史、美术、哲学和文学,多年来一直是汉学的核心支柱,它们是《明研究》(Ming Studies), 78,2 - 6, 2018年10月
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引用次数: 0
Ming News
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/0147037x.2018.1510153
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引用次数: 0
The Mongol Cultural Legacy in East and Central Asia: The Early Ming and Timurid Courts 东亚和中亚的蒙古文化遗产:明初和帖木儿王朝
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/0147037X.2018.1510151
Eiren L. Shea
Following the fall of the Mongol Empire (c. 1206–1368) in both East and West Asia, Zhu Yuanzhang (Hongwu Emperor, r. 1368–1398), the founder of the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) in China, Timur (r. 1370–1405), founder of the Timurid Empire (1370–1507) in Central Asia, and their successors used the legacy of the Chinggisid Mongols in different ways to lend an aura of power and legitimacy to their newly established courts. In this paper, I explore the cultural legacy of the Mongol Empire as manifested in the early Ming and Timurid courts, with a special interest in how continuing cultural exchange between the two courts impacted the arts produced in both places. In particular, I highlight how the ongoing incorporation of “foreign” motifs and techniques set the tone for the arts of both courts in the late fourteenth century.
蒙古帝国(约1206-1368年)在东亚和西亚灭亡后,中国明朝(1368-1644年)的创始人朱元璋(洪武皇帝,1368-1398年),中亚帖木儿帝国(1370-1507年)创始人帖木儿(1370-1405年),他们的继任者以不同的方式利用了钦吉西蒙古人的遗产,为他们新成立的法院增添了权力和合法性的光环。在本文中,我探讨了明初和帖木儿王朝时期蒙古帝国的文化遗产,特别感兴趣的是这两个王朝之间持续的文化交流如何影响两地的艺术。特别是,我强调了“外国”图案和技术的不断融合如何为14世纪末的两个宫廷的艺术奠定了基调。
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引用次数: 20
Preface 前言
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/0147037x.2018.1510152
Tamalika Chaira, Tridib Chaira
Since the first edition of this book, the field of Body Sensor Networks (BSNs) has advanced rapidly. The original motivation of BSN was to harness allied technologies that underpin the development of pervasive sensing for healthcare, wellbeing, sports and other applications that require “ubiquitous” and “pervasive” monitoring of physical, physiological, and biochemical parameters in any environment without activity restriction and behaviour modification. The ultimate aim of BSN is therefore to provide a truly personalised monitoring platform that is pervasive, intelligent and context-aware, yet “invisible”, with applications ranging from managing patients with chronic disease and care for the elderly, to general well-being monitoring and performance evaluation in sports. To ensure its widespread use, there are many technical challenges that need to be tackled. These include the need for better sensor design, MEMS integration, biocompatibility, power source miniaturisation, low power wireless transmission, context awareness, secure data transfer and integration with smart therapeutic systems. In this second edition of the book, we have updated the chapters with the latest developments in the field, addressing sensor design, micro-electronics and information processing aspects of the system. Since its inception, the development of BSN has been focussed on both wearable and implantable sensors. In the last few decades, we have seen rapid advances in both chemical and biosensor developments. The emergence of new biological sensing modalities is fundamentally changing the way we apply biomeasurements in vivo. In terms of implantable sensing, many of the issues associated with the extension of biosensor technology from in vitro to in vivo applications have long been appreciated, and a number of practical issues are addressed in this book. In a BSN with limited bandwidth and power constraints, the conventional method of data acquisition and analogue-todigital data conversion with signal processing taking place after transmission is no longer optimal. A BSN represents a prime candidate for bio-inspired local processing to take place at the sensor front-end before transmission. This processing
自本书第一版出版以来,身体传感器网络(BSN)领域发展迅速。BSN的最初动机是利用相关技术,为医疗保健、健康、体育和其他需要在任何环境中对物理、生理和生物化学参数进行“无处不在”和“无处不在”监测的应用开发普适传感,而无需活动限制和行为改变。因此,BSN的最终目标是提供一个真正个性化的监测平台,该平台具有普遍性、智能性和情境意识,但“隐形”,应用范围从管理慢性病患者和护理老年人,到体育运动中的总体健康监测和表现评估。为了确保其广泛使用,还有许多技术挑战需要解决。其中包括需要更好的传感器设计、MEMS集成、生物相容性、电源小型化、低功率无线传输、上下文感知、安全的数据传输以及与智能治疗系统的集成。在这本书的第二版中,我们用该领域的最新发展更新了章节,涉及传感器设计、微电子和系统的信息处理方面。自成立以来,BSN的发展一直集中在可穿戴和植入式传感器上。在过去的几十年里,我们看到了化学和生物传感器的快速发展。新的生物传感模式的出现正在从根本上改变我们在体内应用生物测量的方式。就植入式传感而言,与生物传感器技术从体外应用扩展到体内应用相关的许多问题早已得到重视,本书中讨论了许多实际问题。在带宽和功率受限的BSN中,在传输后进行信号处理的传统数据采集和模数数据转换方法不再是最佳的。BSN代表了在传输之前在传感器前端进行生物启发本地处理的主要候选。此处理
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引用次数: 0
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Ming Studies
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