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A Programmatic Proposal for the Study of Biblical Hebrew as a Language 《圣经》希伯来语作为语言研究的纲领性建议
0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-03-04 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/9103
Cynthia L. Miller-Naudé, J. Naudé
The way in which the academic study of Biblical Hebrew as a language should be conducted is contested. In light of the current debate and the engagement in this question of some of the articles in this issue (viz. Naudé & Miller-Naudé, Holmstedt, Robar, Hardy, Ehrensvärd, Rezetko, and Young, and Noonan), we provide in this article a summary of the status of the debate and a programmatic proposal for the academic study of Biblical Hebrew as a language to move the debate forward. We argue that considering the study of Biblical Hebrew as a language from the vantage point of Complexity Theory is a fruitful approach. Biblical Hebrew as a language can then be analysed as a complex phenomenon whose component systems display interconnectedness, dynamism and emergence.
圣经希伯来语作为一种语言的学术研究应该如何进行是有争议的。鉴于当前的争论以及本期的一些文章(即naud & miller - naud, Holmstedt, Robar, Hardy, Ehrensvärd, Rezetko, and Young, and Noonan)对这个问题的参与,我们在这篇文章中提供了一个辩论现状的总结,并为圣经希伯来语作为一种语言的学术研究提供了一个纲论性的建议,以推动辩论向前发展。我们认为,从复杂性理论的角度考虑圣经希伯来语作为一种语言的研究是一种富有成效的方法。圣经希伯来语作为一种语言,可以作为一种复杂的现象来分析,其组成系统显示出相互联系、动态和涌现。
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引用次数: 0
Linguistics, Philology and the Biblical Text 语言学、文献学和圣经文本
0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-03-04 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/8514
Elizabeth Robar
The relationship between linguistics and philology, within biblical studies, became a fraught issue when the Society of Biblical Literature proposed subordinating linguistics to philology. The larger concern is the integrity and integration of scholarship within biblical studies, which itself is related to the integration of scholarship within the academic world. The history of institutionalised scholarship suggests two potential paths for biblical studies: one in which each sub-discipline pursues relative independence and expands the field of knowledge from a detached, scientific vantage point, and one in which the role of the text in speaking to a community is sought in the context of relational knowledge.
在圣经研究中,语言学和文献学之间的关系,在圣经文学学会提出将语言学从属于文献学之后,成为一个令人担忧的问题。更大的关注是圣经研究中学术的完整性和整合,这本身与学术世界中的学术整合有关。制度化学术的历史为圣经研究提出了两条潜在的道路:一条是每个分支学科追求相对的独立性,从一个独立的、科学的有利位置扩展知识领域;另一条是在关系知识的背景下寻求文本在与社区对话时的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Can Loanwords Be Used to Date Biblical Texts, and If So, How? 外来词可以用来标注圣经文本的日期吗?如果可以,如何?
0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-02-15 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/8461
Benjamin J Noonan
The question of whether or not biblical texts can be dated chronologically remains a lively topic of debate, and one important part of the conversation is the use of loanwords for dating biblical texts. This paper examines the philological relationship between lexical borrowings and the date of biblical texts. By focusing on the Hebrew Bible’s non-Semitic vocabulary, it argues that loanwords both cannot and can be used to date biblical traditions. Negatively, there is no clear one-to-one correspondence between a loanword of a given type and the date of a biblical text. Positively, loanwords can be useful for dating biblical texts in certain circumstances: first, the relative number and type of loanwords can point to plausible historical circumstances of borrowing, and second, phonological and morphological features can establish an approximate terminus ante quem for the borrowing.
圣经文本是否可以按时间顺序确定年代的问题仍然是一个活跃的争论话题,对话的一个重要部分是使用外来词来确定圣经文本的年代。本文考察了词汇借用与圣经文本日期之间的语言学关系。通过关注《希伯来圣经》的非犹太主义词汇,它认为外来词既不能也可以用来确定圣经传统的年代。消极地说,一个特定类型的外来词和圣经文本的日期之间没有明确的一一对应关系。积极地说,在某些情况下,外来词可以用于确定圣经文本的年代:首先,外来词的相对数量和类型可以指向借用的合理历史环境,其次,语音和形态特征可以为借用建立一个大致的终点。
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引用次数: 0
Linguistics and Philology—Separate, Overlapping or Subordinate/Superordinate Disciplines? 语言学和文献学——独立、重叠还是从属/上级学科?
0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-02-15 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/8573
J. Naudé, Cynthia L. Miller-Naudé
In this paper, we explore arguments concerning the disciplinarity of linguistics and philology as fields of academic knowledge. We begin with a brief historical overview of philology and linguistics. We then consider the question of whether linguistics and philology in the twenty-first century should be viewed as separate disciplines or as overlapping disciplines, or whether one discipline—philology—should be viewed as a superordinate discipline which subsumes linguistics.
在本文中,我们探讨了关于语言学和文献学作为学术知识领域的学科性的争论。我们从文献学和语言学的简要历史概述开始。然后,我们考虑的问题是,21世纪的语言学和语文学是否应该被视为独立的学科或重叠的学科,或者一个学科——语文学——是否应该被看作是一个包含语言学的上级学科。
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引用次数: 0
A Social-Scientific Analysis of the Representation of Jonah and the Self Perception of the Yehudite Literati during the Late Persian Period 波斯晚期叶胡文人对约拿的表征与自我认知的社会科学分析
0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-02-04 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/7818
J. Schäder
This article addresses the question of what can be gleaned from the book of Jonah regarding the self-perception of its author(ship) and intended audience through a social-scientific analysis. What does the analysis of Jonah’s representation reflect of the self-perception of the Yehudite literati during or after the period during which the book was written? Firstly, an overview is given of what is known about the authorship of the book of Jonah and how the author(s) is related to the main character. This is followed by an overview of the values of honour and shame, and an application of how Jonah is represented in this regard. This analysis is then related to the self-perception of the author(ship) and audience for whom the book was written, due to their association with the main character.
本文通过社会科学分析,探讨了从《约拿书》中可以收集到的关于作者(船)和预期受众的自我感知的问题。对约拿形象的分析反映了叶胡派文人在这本书创作期间或之后的自我认知?首先,概述了人们对《约拿书》作者的了解,以及作者与主人公的关系。随后概述了荣誉和羞耻的价值观,并应用了约拿在这方面的表现。这种分析与作者(船)和读者的自我感知有关,因为他们与主角有联系。
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引用次数: 0
Article Title: “Linguistics, Philology, and the Role of Theory” 文章题目:“语言学、文献学和理论的作用”
0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-02-04 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/9063
W. Boshoff
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引用次数: 0
The Table of Grammar: Lqr't as Test Case 语法表:Lqr不是测试用例
0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-01-11 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/8515
H. H. Hardy
Biblical Hebrew lqr't is situated at the intersection of grammatical categories as a content item and a function word. The analysis of any given token is confounded by this diversity and its variously encoded denotations: the infinitive construct “to meet” and the polysemous prepositions, the directional TOWARD and the adversative AGAINST. The usage in Exodus 14:27 (wmsrym nsym lqr'tw) prompts a number of different analyses. Interpretations include: hoi de aigyptioi ephygon hypo to hydor (LXX); wmsry' -'rqyn lqwblh (Peshitta); fugientibusque AEgyptiis occurrerunt aquae (Vulgate); “the Egyptians fled at its approach” (NJPS); “the Egyptians fled before it” (NRSV); and “the Egyptians were fleeing toward it” (NIV). This study examines lqr't by comparing a range of grammatical methods. These approaches centre evolutionary growth (philology), syntagmatic and paradigmatic features (structuralism), functional usage (eclectic linguistics), and cross-linguistic development (grammaticalisation) in order to explore questions of the origin, development, and usage of lqr't. The combined approaches help to situate and construct an archaeology of linguistic knowledge and a genealogy of philological change of language and text.
圣经希伯来语lqr't作为内容项和功能词位于语法类别的交汇处。任何给定符号的分析都被这种多样性及其各种编码的外延所混淆:不定式结构“满足”和多义介词,方向朝向和对抗性。出埃及记14:27 (wmsrym nsym lqr' w)中的用法引发了许多不同的分析。解释包括:hoi de egyptioi phygon hypo to hydor (LXX);对不起' -'rqyn lqwblh (Peshitta);埃及逃蝇;“埃及人一接近就逃跑了”(NJPS);“埃及人在它面前逃跑了”(NRSV);“埃及人向那地逃跑”(和合本)。这项研究通过比较一系列语法方法来检验lqr't。这些方法集中在进化增长(文字学),组合和范式特征(结构主义),功能使用(折衷语言学)和跨语言发展(语法化),以探索lqr't的起源,发展和使用问题。这两种方法的结合有助于定位和构建语言学知识的考古学以及语言和文本的语言学变化的谱系。
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引用次数: 0
Disjunctive Inclusions in Arabic as Spoken Language: Grammatical Constraints 阿拉伯语口语中的虚拟包含:语法制约
0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/7326
Magdalena AL-SAYADI
Linguistic inclusions are natural forms of communicative competence, usually used for illocutionary or confirmative purposes. This paper focuses on disjunctions and their semantic and syntactic features. The usage of disjunctions cannot be treated as a coincidental issue, therefore much detailed study could bring more information. This study is based on a collected set of utterances and conversational analysis, including the most common Arabic disjunctions. Results are presented in tables with relevant comments. Cultural conditions must be considered since many of the Arabic inclusions are ritualistic phrases. In addition, dialectal divergences constitute semantic incoherence. In Arabic as spoken language, many grammatical restrictions depend on disjunction and its role in a phrase.
语言内含物是交际能力的自然形式,通常用于言外或证实目的。本文主要研究析取及其语义和句法特征。析取的使用不能被视为巧合,因此更详细的研究可以带来更多的信息。这项研究是基于一组收集的话语和会话分析,包括最常见的阿拉伯语析取。表中列出了结果,并附有相关评论。必须考虑文化条件,因为阿拉伯语中的许多内容都是仪式性的短语。此外,方言的差异也构成了语义的不连贯。在阿拉伯语口语中,许多语法限制取决于析取及其在短语中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
The Sumerian Hypothesis 苏美尔假说
0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-12-10 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/8435
W. McLoud
A Sumerian Hypothesis is developed to explain the origin of the large amount of Mesopotamian material appearing in the primeval history of Genesis 1–11 (found throughout all parts of the primeval history). Various features of the primeval history are considered and compared with Sumerian/Akkadian features, including worldview, motifs, and stories as well as the literary style and historiography of the genealogies. The author argues that this Mesopotamian material can be traced back to pre-Old Babylonian sources and shows no influence from developments in Babylon thereafter. The Mesopotamian source material used in the primeval history may thus have been written down as early as in Abrahamic times.
苏美尔假说是为了解释《创世纪1-11》原始历史中出现的大量美索不达米亚材料的起源(在原始历史的各个部分都有发现)。原始历史的各种特征被考虑并与苏美尔人/阿卡德人的特征进行比较,包括世界观、主题和故事,以及文学风格和家谱史学。作者认为,这些美索不达米亚材料可以追溯到古巴比伦之前的来源,并且没有显示出此后巴比伦发展的影响。因此,原始历史中使用的美索不达米亚原始材料可能早在亚伯拉罕时代就已被记录下来。
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引用次数: 0
The Concept of Memra in Targum Amos 《塔古姆·阿莫斯》中的记忆概念
0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-12-08 DOI: 10.25159/2663-6573/8341
G. Lier, Anna Fransina Van Zyl
The Memra concept is notable in Aramaic Bible translation or Targum. In Targum Amos, the term is employed seven times in the Aramaic rendering of the Hebrew text of the prophet Amos. This study investigates how scholars interpreted the Memra concept in the context of earlier studies that focussed on the Pentateuchal Targums and the Former Prophets. It then ventures to establish how the notion of Memra is used in TJ Amos and how this compares with previous scholarly findings.
Memra的概念在阿拉姆语圣经翻译或Targum中是值得注意的。在《塔古姆·阿摩司》中,这个词在先知阿摩司的希伯来文本的阿拉姆语翻译中被使用了七次。本研究调查了学者们如何在早期研究的背景下解释Memra概念,这些研究主要集中在摩西五经和前先知身上。然后,它大胆地建立了Memra的概念是如何在TJ Amos中使用的,并将其与先前的学术发现进行了比较。
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Journal for Semitics
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