A. Moustafa, M. Zaghloul, S. Mansour, Modhi O. Alotaibi
The genus name Crataegus, is derivative from a Greek word kratos meaning hardness of wood. Crataegus relates to family Rosaceae; it contains about 280 species of deciduous spiny shrubs and small trees where most of these species are grown as ornamentals and hedging plants, they are broadly distributed in Northern temperate zones of Asia, Europe and America. In Egypt, it is confined to mountainous South Sinai; it grows on the high elevated wadis in Saint Catherine area. Many Crataegus species have been traditional used in folk medicine since ancient time for the cure of heart problems such as hypertension, angina, arrhythmia, and congestive heart failure. Researches of Crataegus species usually concentrate on the identification and quantification of flavonoids and anthocyanin, which have been shown to have pharmacological activity. But there is a continuous reduction in habitat quality for this species through time. This reduction observed in Crataegus sinica is likely caused by climate changes in the past few decades and human activities (over cutting for fuel and food, unmanaged collection for scientific researches, uncontrolled tourism and establish of bedouin settlements). We aim to highlights these challenge threatening Crataegus population and suggest conservation plans to protect this species from extinction and finally make further studies about this important threatened species.
{"title":"Conservation Strategy for protecting Crataegus x sinaica against climate change and anthropologic activities in South Sinai Mountains, Egypt","authors":"A. Moustafa, M. Zaghloul, S. Mansour, Modhi O. Alotaibi","doi":"10.12816/CAT.2019.28577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/CAT.2019.28577","url":null,"abstract":"The genus name Crataegus, is derivative from a Greek word kratos meaning hardness of wood. Crataegus relates to family Rosaceae; it contains about 280 species of deciduous spiny shrubs and small trees where most of these species are grown as ornamentals and hedging plants, they are broadly distributed in Northern temperate zones of Asia, Europe and America. In Egypt, it is confined to mountainous South Sinai; it grows on the high elevated wadis in Saint Catherine area. Many Crataegus species have been traditional used in folk medicine since ancient time for the cure of heart problems such as hypertension, angina, arrhythmia, and congestive heart failure. Researches of Crataegus species usually concentrate on the identification and quantification of flavonoids and anthocyanin, which have been shown to have pharmacological activity. But there is a continuous reduction in habitat quality for this species through time. This reduction observed in Crataegus sinica is likely caused by climate changes in the past few decades and human activities (over cutting for fuel and food, unmanaged collection for scientific researches, uncontrolled tourism and establish of bedouin settlements). We aim to highlights these challenge threatening Crataegus population and suggest conservation plans to protect this species from extinction and finally make further studies about this important threatened species.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73931006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Species diversity, relative abundance and population trends of terrestrial insects were studied in Saluga and Ghazal protected area, Aswan, Egypt for the first time during one year from November 2015 to October 2016. Three different methods of survey (aerial net trap, pitfall trap and yellow sticky trap) were used in different nine sites including all habitats in the area, sandy, rocky, vegetated and aquatic area. A total of 15151 individuals of 78 species belonging to 43 families from 11 orders were recorded using the previous three methods. The net trap collected 62 species from 59 genera belonging to 32 families in 11 orders among them Lepidoptera was the most abundant order followed by Hymenoptera and Odonata and pitfall traps collected 9 species belonging to 9 genera from 4 families and 3 orders, Hymenoptera and Coleoptera were the most abundant orders, while yellow sticky traps collected 10 species belonging to 10 genera, 9 families and 5 orders, Hemiptera and Coleoptera were the most abundant orders. The study indicated that the net trap was the most effective method for monitoring the largest number of orders, families and species and the highest population number was recorded in site 3, while the lowest number was in site (9). The relation between ecological factors and abundance of the most dominant species is discussed.
{"title":"Species Diversity and Seasonal Population Dynamics of Terrestrial Insects in Saluga and Ghazal Protected Area, Aswan, Egypt","authors":"H. Abdel-wahab, A. Abdel-Kader, Rahma Yousef","doi":"10.12816/CAT.2019.28621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/CAT.2019.28621","url":null,"abstract":"Species diversity, relative abundance and population trends of terrestrial insects were studied in Saluga and Ghazal protected area, Aswan, Egypt for the first time during one year from November 2015 to October 2016. Three different methods of survey (aerial net trap, pitfall trap and yellow sticky trap) were used in different nine sites including all habitats in the area, sandy, rocky, vegetated and aquatic area. A total of 15151 individuals of 78 species belonging to 43 families from 11 orders were recorded using the previous three methods. The net trap collected 62 species from 59 genera belonging to 32 families in 11 orders among them Lepidoptera was the most abundant order followed by Hymenoptera and Odonata and pitfall traps collected 9 species belonging to 9 genera from 4 families and 3 orders, Hymenoptera and Coleoptera were the most abundant orders, while yellow sticky traps collected 10 species belonging to 10 genera, 9 families and 5 orders, Hemiptera and Coleoptera were the most abundant orders. The study indicated that the net trap was the most effective method for monitoring the largest number of orders, families and species and the highest population number was recorded in site 3, while the lowest number was in site (9). The relation between ecological factors and abundance of the most dominant species is discussed.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75170948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sand culture technique was employed to investigate the effect of filter mud cake (FMC) from Qus sugarcane factory as fertilizer on water content, dry matter, chlorophylls content and some carbon and nitrogen metabolites in carrot (Daucus carota) and beet (Beta vulgaris) plants. The investigations were carried out under natural conditions using the FMC of Qus sugarcane factory at Qena governorate. The FMC was mixed with sand soil at three levels: 10%, 30% and 50%. The sand soil was used without FMC as control. Results revealed that the amendment of soil with FMC slightly reduced pH of soil and increased electric conductivity (EC), organic matter (O.M), total nitrogen and organic carbon (O.C) with increasing the FMC level. Dry mass and water content of both tested plants increased significantly by FMC treatment as comparing with control plants. The investigated plants grown on soil amended with FMC levels showed highly significant increase in both chlorophylls content a and b than in control plants in both experimental plants. Whereas chlorophyll a/b ratio and proline content was decreased signifi-cantly. Results indicated also that the soluble sugars, proteins and total amino acids were increased significantly by FMC application in both experimental plants comparing with those grown in unlamented soil. It can be concluded that application of FMC as fertilizer improved the physico-chemical properties of the reclaimed soil to be more suitable for cultivation.
{"title":"Effect of Sandy Soil Amendment with Filter Mud Cake on Growth and Some EcoPhysiological Parameters of Daucus carota and Beta vulgaris Plants","authors":"N. El-Tayeh, F. Salama, N. Loutfy, M. A. Alhamd","doi":"10.12816/CAT.2019.28613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/CAT.2019.28613","url":null,"abstract":"Sand culture technique was employed to investigate the effect of filter mud cake (FMC) from Qus sugarcane factory as fertilizer on water content, dry matter, chlorophylls content and some carbon and nitrogen metabolites in carrot (Daucus carota) and beet (Beta vulgaris) plants. The investigations were carried out under natural conditions using the FMC of Qus sugarcane factory at Qena governorate. The FMC was mixed with sand soil at three levels: 10%, 30% and 50%. The sand soil was used without FMC as control. Results revealed that the amendment of soil with FMC slightly reduced pH of soil and increased electric conductivity (EC), organic matter (O.M), total nitrogen and organic carbon (O.C) with increasing the FMC level. Dry mass and water content of both tested plants increased significantly by FMC treatment as comparing with control plants. The investigated plants grown on soil amended with FMC levels showed highly significant increase in both chlorophylls content a and b than in control plants in both experimental plants. Whereas chlorophyll a/b ratio and proline content was decreased signifi-cantly. Results indicated also that the soluble sugars, proteins and total amino acids were increased significantly by FMC application in both experimental plants comparing with those grown in unlamented soil. It can be concluded that application of FMC as fertilizer improved the physico-chemical properties of the reclaimed soil to be more suitable for cultivation.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78873697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Dighiesh, Mohamed Eldanasoury, Saeed Kamel, S. Sharaf
Five treatments including control and four concentrations of water soluble fraction (WSFs) crude oil (5 ppm, 6 ppm, 8 ppm and 10 ppm) were made. Triplicate and ten fish of red tilapiawith an average weight of 8g ± 1.5 were incubated for 96 hours. The 96 hours LC50 was determined (5.25ppm). Histopathological examination of the fish was made for liver, gills, kidney, male gonad and female gonad. Liver showed congestion of blood vessels and hepatic sinusoids with focal necrotic changes of hepatocytes. Gills showed congestion of blood vessels, hyperplasia and adhesion of secondary gill lamellae. Kidney showed congestion of blood vessels and degeneration of renal tubules. Male gonad showed degeneration and necrosis of some seminiferous tubules, edema and severe reduction in all spermatogenic stages and degeneration and Female gonad showed severe necrosis of developmental stages of oocytes along with degenerated mature ripped oocytes in WSFs treated fish compared to control group.
{"title":"Toxicity of Water Soluble Fractions of Petroleum Crude Oil and its Histopathological Alterations Effects on Red Tilapia Fish","authors":"H. Dighiesh, Mohamed Eldanasoury, Saeed Kamel, S. Sharaf","doi":"10.12816/CAT.2019.28586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/CAT.2019.28586","url":null,"abstract":"Five treatments including control and four concentrations of water soluble fraction (WSFs) crude oil (5 ppm, 6 ppm, 8 ppm and 10 ppm) were made. Triplicate and ten fish of red tilapiawith an average weight of 8g ± 1.5 were incubated for 96 hours. The 96 hours LC50 was determined (5.25ppm). Histopathological examination of the fish was made for liver, gills, kidney, male gonad and female gonad. Liver showed congestion of blood vessels and hepatic sinusoids with focal necrotic changes of hepatocytes. Gills showed congestion of blood vessels, hyperplasia and adhesion of secondary gill lamellae. Kidney showed congestion of blood vessels and degeneration of renal tubules. Male gonad showed degeneration and necrosis of some seminiferous tubules, edema and severe reduction in all spermatogenic stages and degeneration and Female gonad showed severe necrosis of developmental stages of oocytes along with degenerated mature ripped oocytes in WSFs treated fish compared to control group.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"347 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82986408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yasmin M. Hassan, Usama Abou-Salama, W. Kamel, E. G. Eldin
This study was conducted to held comparisons between moss flora of Ismailia governorate and the different territories in Egypt. The last study done on this governorate was carried out three decades before. Fifteen excursions were set out for this purpose. Three hundred and ten moss samples were collected from Ismailia governorate. The study revealed that floral similarity was largest between Ismailia governorate and the Southern Sinai massive (S). On the other hand, both Nile Nubia (Nn) and Gebel Elba (GE) showed the lowest species similarity in comparison with the study area
{"title":"Comparative Study of the Moss Flora of Ismailia Governorate with Other Territories of Egypt","authors":"Yasmin M. Hassan, Usama Abou-Salama, W. Kamel, E. G. Eldin","doi":"10.12816/CAT.2019.28594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/CAT.2019.28594","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to held comparisons between moss flora of Ismailia governorate and the different territories in Egypt. The last study done on this governorate was carried out three decades before. Fifteen excursions were set out for this purpose. Three hundred and ten moss samples were collected from Ismailia governorate. The study revealed that floral similarity was largest between Ismailia governorate and the Southern Sinai massive (S). On the other hand, both Nile Nubia (Nn) and Gebel Elba (GE) showed the lowest species similarity in comparison with the study area","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77640224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Mashaly, A. A. El-Gawad, M. Ziada, Maha R. Deweeb
The present work aims at the following objectives: 1) vegetation analysis of the Plantago communities (P. major, P. lagopus, and P. squarrosa) in Nile Delta of Egypt using multivariate analysis, 2) analysis of variations in the edaphic variables controlling the abundance and distribution of the recognized plant communities, and 3) evaluation of the biodiversity of the Plantago communities in the study area. The sampled stands are distributed in four Governorates, namely: El-Dakahlia, Kafr El-Sheikh, El-Behira, and El-Sharkia. The plant cover and density of the recorded species were investigated in 60 sampled stands, and the vegetation classification and ordinated were achieved. Soil samples were collected and the physical and chemical properties were determined. The species richness and eveness in the three communities were aslo calculated. The application of Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) classification based on the importance values of 105 plant species led to the recognition of four vegetation groups. Group A and B dominated by Plantago squarrosa. However, group C comprises dominated by Plantago lagopus. Group D dominated by Plantago major. The stand ordination is given by Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) showed that the vegetation groups obtained by TWINSPAN classification are remarkable distinguishable and having a clear pattern of segregation on the ordination plane. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) exhibited that organic carbon, electrical conductivity, sand fraction, and pH value showed high significant corrections with the first and second axes. However, calcium carbonate, sodium, potassium and calcium cations as well as water-holding capacity, total dissolved phosphorus, silt and clay fractions exhibited a moderate significant correlation. P. squarrosa community was affected with many soil variables such as calcium carbonate, sodium, organic carbon, pH value, sand and magnesium. However, P. lagopus was affected by bicarbonates, potassium, sulfates and total nitrogen. Moreover, P. major showed a close relationship with electrical conductivity, water-holding capacity, total dissolved phosphorus, silt, clay, and porosity. The diversity measurements showed that the P. major community attained the highest richness and evenness, while the community of P. squarrosa showed the lowest diversity and eveness.
{"title":"Ecological Study on Three Plantago Species and their Associates in Nile Delta Region","authors":"I. Mashaly, A. A. El-Gawad, M. Ziada, Maha R. Deweeb","doi":"10.12816/CAT.2019.28597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/CAT.2019.28597","url":null,"abstract":"The present work aims at the following objectives: 1) vegetation analysis of the Plantago communities (P. major, P. lagopus, and P. squarrosa) in Nile Delta of Egypt using multivariate analysis, 2) analysis of variations in the edaphic variables controlling the abundance and distribution of the recognized plant communities, and 3) evaluation of the biodiversity of the Plantago communities in the study area. The sampled stands are distributed in four Governorates, namely: El-Dakahlia, Kafr El-Sheikh, El-Behira, and El-Sharkia. The plant cover and density of the recorded species were investigated in 60 sampled stands, and the vegetation classification and ordinated were achieved. Soil samples were collected and the physical and chemical properties were determined. The species richness and eveness in the three communities were aslo calculated. The application of Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) classification based on the importance values of 105 plant species led to the recognition of four vegetation groups. Group A and B dominated by Plantago squarrosa. However, group C comprises dominated by Plantago lagopus. Group D dominated by Plantago major. The stand ordination is given by Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) showed that the vegetation groups obtained by TWINSPAN classification are remarkable distinguishable and having a clear pattern of segregation on the ordination plane. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) exhibited that organic carbon, electrical conductivity, sand fraction, and pH value showed high significant corrections with the first and second axes. However, calcium carbonate, sodium, potassium and calcium cations as well as water-holding capacity, total dissolved phosphorus, silt and clay fractions exhibited a moderate significant correlation. P. squarrosa community was affected with many soil variables such as calcium carbonate, sodium, organic carbon, pH value, sand and magnesium. However, P. lagopus was affected by bicarbonates, potassium, sulfates and total nitrogen. Moreover, P. major showed a close relationship with electrical conductivity, water-holding capacity, total dissolved phosphorus, silt, clay, and porosity. The diversity measurements showed that the P. major community attained the highest richness and evenness, while the community of P. squarrosa showed the lowest diversity and eveness.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76825990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Invasive species Commelina benghalensis L. was investigated for its morphological, anatomical aspects. Ecological studies were carried out to explore the floristic composition of its community type and assess the factors that affect its invasion to the study area. Furthermore, proximate analysis, mineral composition, phytochemical screening and GC/MS analysis of secondary metabolites were studied to explore the nature of compounds present and evaluate its potential uses. Forty-seven weed species related to 21 families were recorded in C. benghalensis community type. Poaceae, Asteraceae and Brassicaceae were the most important families. Portulaca oleracea, Cyperus rotundus, Dactyloctenium aegyptium and Euphorbia heterophylla were the common associates. Therophytes were the most frequent life-form (78.7%). The chorological analysis showed the prevalence of paleotropical, cosmopolitan and Mediterranean taxa. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that pH, cations (calcium, potassium, sodium and magnesium), anions (bicarbonates, sulphates and chlorides), soil texture (sand, silt and clay) and organic matter were the most effective soil variables for the distribution of C. benghalensis and its associated species in the study area. The highest values of succulence and mean leaf surface area were recorded in mango orchards, while the highest shoot length and phytomass were registered in the habitats of crop fields. The results also indicated that this plant is a valuable source of nutritional, mineral and phytochemical compounds; hence it can be used as potential source of relatively low-cost, palatable forage for livestock and might be of a very important medicinal value and should be explored further to extract new drugs. It should not be included in the harmful weeds.
{"title":"The Invasive Species Commelina benghalensis L.: A Step Towards The Biological Flora of Egypt","authors":"H. A. El-Hamid, Mona El Bous","doi":"10.21608/CAT.2019.28585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/CAT.2019.28585","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive species Commelina benghalensis L. was investigated for its morphological, anatomical aspects. Ecological studies were carried out to explore the floristic composition of its community type and assess the factors that affect its invasion to the study area. Furthermore, proximate analysis, mineral composition, phytochemical screening and GC/MS analysis of secondary metabolites were studied to explore the nature of compounds present and evaluate its potential uses. Forty-seven weed species related to 21 families were recorded in C. benghalensis community type. Poaceae, Asteraceae and Brassicaceae were the most important families. Portulaca oleracea, Cyperus rotundus, Dactyloctenium aegyptium and Euphorbia heterophylla were the common associates. Therophytes were the most frequent life-form (78.7%). The chorological analysis showed the prevalence of paleotropical, cosmopolitan and Mediterranean taxa. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that pH, cations (calcium, potassium, sodium and magnesium), anions (bicarbonates, sulphates and chlorides), soil texture (sand, silt and clay) and organic matter were the most effective soil variables for the distribution of C. benghalensis and its associated species in the study area. The highest values of succulence and mean leaf surface area were recorded in mango orchards, while the highest shoot length and phytomass were registered in the habitats of crop fields. The results also indicated that this plant is a valuable source of nutritional, mineral and phytochemical compounds; hence it can be used as potential source of relatively low-cost, palatable forage for livestock and might be of a very important medicinal value and should be explored further to extract new drugs. It should not be included in the harmful weeds.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89269108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shreen S. Ahmed, G. A. El-Aziz, M. Abou-Zeid, A. Fahmy
Leaf rust disease of wheat, caused by Puccinia triticina, is one of the most severe fungal diseases on wheat leaves and it causes severe yield losses in Egypt. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of some eco-friendly materials like waste agriculture extracts in order to reduce uses of chemical fungicides and to maintain sustainable development. Three experiments were conducted in the Laboratory, Greenhouse and Field. Neem cake, orange peels and rice straw were used to obtain eco-friendlynaturalfungicides while Sumi-8 was used as a chemical fungicide and as a control. Three species from wheat cultivars, T.S.S, Morocco and Misr1 were used. Eco-friendlynaturalfungicides were applied as soak, foliar and applied together at the same time. Greenhouse and field experiments data showed that all natural extracts inhibited spore germination. Maximum inhibition reached to 100% by using neem cake and rice straw extracts followed with orange peels extract. In field experiments data showed that wheat yield was the highest using neem extract as soak + foliar application. The increase in wheat yield reached to 41.3% compared to Sumi-8 fungicide as healthy control. Also the results showed an increase in the percentage of carbohydrates, proteins, and wheat gluten, which is one of the main characteristics of the wheat quality. In conclusion these extracts can be used instead of chemical fungicide to cost effective, use safe and non-polluting environment.
{"title":"Environmental Impact of The Use of Some Eco-friendly Natural Fungicides to Resist Rust Disease in Wheat","authors":"Shreen S. Ahmed, G. A. El-Aziz, M. Abou-Zeid, A. Fahmy","doi":"10.12816/CAT.2019.28611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/CAT.2019.28611","url":null,"abstract":"Leaf rust disease of wheat, caused by Puccinia triticina, is one of the most severe fungal diseases on wheat leaves and it causes severe yield losses in Egypt. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of some eco-friendly materials like waste agriculture extracts in order to reduce uses of chemical fungicides and to maintain sustainable development. Three experiments were conducted in the Laboratory, Greenhouse and Field. Neem cake, orange peels and rice straw were used to obtain eco-friendlynaturalfungicides while Sumi-8 was used as a chemical fungicide and as a control. Three species from wheat cultivars, T.S.S, Morocco and Misr1 were used. Eco-friendlynaturalfungicides were applied as soak, foliar and applied together at the same time. Greenhouse and field experiments data showed that all natural extracts inhibited spore germination. Maximum inhibition reached to 100% by using neem cake and rice straw extracts followed with orange peels extract. In field experiments data showed that wheat yield was the highest using neem extract as soak + foliar application. The increase in wheat yield reached to 41.3% compared to Sumi-8 fungicide as healthy control. Also the results showed an increase in the percentage of carbohydrates, proteins, and wheat gluten, which is one of the main characteristics of the wheat quality. In conclusion these extracts can be used instead of chemical fungicide to cost effective, use safe and non-polluting environment.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80843029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the effect of two different concentrations (0.05% and 0.1%) of chitosan nano-particles (CsNPs) as priming solutions (for 6 h) of Vicia faba seeds cv. Sakha 1, followed by germination and subsequent growth of seedlings for seven days. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared using methacrylic acid and showed a mean size of 20 ± 2 nm. Both concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles caused deleterious effects on germination and seedling growth criteria. Germination was greatly reduced in both concentrations as compared to control (distilled water). The magnitude of decrease was much pronounced with the higher concentration of chitosan nanoparticles (0.1%). On the other hand, the lower concentration of CsNPs (0.05%) increased the content of total phenols and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) as compared with those of the control seedlings. This might indicate that the relatively low concentration of chitosan nanoparticles enhanced the defense system of seeds by increasing total phenols and antioxidant enzyme activities.
{"title":"Effect of Priming with Chitosan Nanoparticles on Germination, Seedling Growth and Antioxidant Enzymes of Broad Beans","authors":"H. Abdel-Aziz","doi":"10.12816/CAT.2019.28609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/CAT.2019.28609","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effect of two different concentrations (0.05% and 0.1%) of chitosan nano-particles (CsNPs) as priming solutions (for 6 h) of Vicia faba seeds cv. Sakha 1, followed by germination and subsequent growth of seedlings for seven days. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared using methacrylic acid and showed a mean size of 20 ± 2 nm. Both concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles caused deleterious effects on germination and seedling growth criteria. Germination was greatly reduced in both concentrations as compared to control (distilled water). The magnitude of decrease was much pronounced with the higher concentration of chitosan nanoparticles (0.1%). On the other hand, the lower concentration of CsNPs (0.05%) increased the content of total phenols and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) as compared with those of the control seedlings. This might indicate that the relatively low concentration of chitosan nanoparticles enhanced the defense system of seeds by increasing total phenols and antioxidant enzyme activities.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77545065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Abozeid, Belal Saleh, Ashraf Ahmed, M. Alwany, M. El-Sherbiny
The groupers abundance was studied in sixteen stations representing four sites along the Gulf of Aqaba. Sixteen species belonging to five genera of groupers were recorded across the four sites. The mean abundance of all groupers species in Ras Mohamed NP and Sharm El Sheikh City were found to be higher than that of Nabq and Abu Galum MRPA. The highest abundance of groupers were recorded in Ras Nasrani (76 SE±2.08) and Ras Um Sid (71 SE±2.0). There was no significant difference of groupers abundance between depths of 5 m and 15m in all of the studied sites. Based on their ecological behavior, groupers were divided into separate groups, and abundance was investigated for each group. Abundance of the cryptic and roving groupers was higher than that of the large mobile groupers, in all of the studied sites. While cryptic and roving grouper included both abundance and rare species, large mobile groupers species were all rare. The pattern of occurrence for the three different groups was repeated in all sites, except for Abu Galum MRPA where no large mobile grouper was recorded, probably due to over fishing. Diversity of groupers in all of the studied sites increased with the increase of abundance.
{"title":"Abundance of the groupers fish (Teleostei: Serranidae) along Gulf of Aqaba","authors":"Mohammed Abozeid, Belal Saleh, Ashraf Ahmed, M. Alwany, M. El-Sherbiny","doi":"10.12816/CAT.2019.28627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12816/CAT.2019.28627","url":null,"abstract":"The groupers abundance was studied in sixteen stations representing four sites along the Gulf of Aqaba. Sixteen species belonging to five genera of groupers were recorded across the four sites. The mean abundance of all groupers species in Ras Mohamed NP and Sharm El Sheikh City were found to be higher than that of Nabq and Abu Galum MRPA. The highest abundance of groupers were recorded in Ras Nasrani (76 SE±2.08) and Ras Um Sid (71 SE±2.0). There was no significant difference of groupers abundance between depths of 5 m and 15m in all of the studied sites. Based on their ecological behavior, groupers were divided into separate groups, and abundance was investigated for each group. Abundance of the cryptic and roving groupers was higher than that of the large mobile groupers, in all of the studied sites. While cryptic and roving grouper included both abundance and rare species, large mobile groupers species were all rare. The pattern of occurrence for the three different groups was repeated in all sites, except for Abu Galum MRPA where no large mobile grouper was recorded, probably due to over fishing. Diversity of groupers in all of the studied sites increased with the increase of abundance.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"34 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77707755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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