Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2021.11.1.4
N. Sheremetov, I. Poliakov
The research deals with the history of the worship of the Novgorod Archbishop Theoktist (†1310) during the 17th—early 18th centuries. On the basis of the literary, hymnographic and iconographic monuments, the authors of the article carried out a comprehensive analysis of this topic. The comparison of the testimonies mentioned in the Vita and the service to the saint with the surviving documents showed that they are based on real historical events and reflect the renewed worship of the saint from the middle of the 17th century. The authors of the article also discovered the earliest of the currently known copies of the Vita and the service. A textual study of this copy of the Vita of Theoktist made it possible to establish that this literary monument was created in several stages associated with the strengthening of the worship of the saint. According to the results of the hymnographic analysis of the discovered copy, it became possible to establish the author of the chants and the initial articles of the life—the famous Novgorodian scribe of the second half of the 17th century Boris Kozynin.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2022.11.1.9
E. Kardash
The undertaken thorough historical and literary analysis of A. S. Pushkin’s poem “When lost in thought I wander beyond the town…” (“Kogda za gorodom zadumchiv ia brozhu…”, 1836) reveals its pretexts and likely sources among which the most important ones are G. G. Byron’s epigram “On Lord Elgin”, the 5th, 8th and 11th letters of A. Pichot’s “Voyage historique et littéraire en Angleterre et en Ecosse” and the 1st part of W. Wordsworth’s «Essay upon Epitaphs». Meanwhile, the article outlines a broader representative spectrum of sociocultural, psychological and aesthetical ideas which determine how the authors of the end of the 18th—the first third of the 19th century deal with funerary and memorial topics. The article shows how medical and healthcare attitudes of the epoch, as well as some ideological shifts, which paved the way for European cemetery reform, filter the choices and the ways of textual representations of traditional literary rhetorics (Horatian topos of beatus ille in particular). On the other hand, the study demonstrates how narrative models conventional for the first third of 19th century function as the universal language suitable for describing utterly different graveyard spaces. The important research subject is the authors’ critical attitude to the official state commemorative politics, which involved a major change in aesthetic trends of the epoch. Development of associanist perception and sentience theory constitutes new demands for funerary and commemorative material culture and, in the case of Pushkin’s poem, stimulates the rethinking and transformation of well-established elegiac figurative and narrative patterns.
对普希金的诗“当我迷失在思想中，我徘徊在小镇之外……”(“Kogda za gorodom zadumchiv ia brozhu…”，1836)进行了彻底的历史和文学分析，揭示了它的理由和可能的来源，其中最重要的是G. G.拜伦的警句“On Lord Elgin”，A. Pichot的“Voyage historique et littraire en Angleterre et en Ecosse”的第5，第8和第11个字母，以及W.华兹华斯的第一部分“关于墓志志”。同时，文章概述了更广泛的社会文化、心理和美学观念的代表性，这些观念决定了18世纪末至19世纪前三分之一时期的作者如何处理丧葬和纪念主题。文章揭示了为欧洲墓地改革铺平道路的时代的医疗和保健态度以及一些意识形态的转变如何过滤了传统文学修辞学的选择和文本表达方式(特别是霍勒蒂亚的《死亡之城》主题)。另一方面，该研究展示了19世纪前三分之一时期的传统叙事模式如何成为适用于描述完全不同的墓地空间的通用语言。重要的研究课题是作者对官方国家纪念政治的批判态度，这涉及到时代审美思潮的重大变化。联想感知和感觉理论的发展对丧葬和纪念物质文化提出了新的要求，在普希金的诗歌中，激发了对既定的挽歌比喻和叙事模式的重新思考和转变。
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2022.11.2.9
A. Sysoeva
The objective of the study is to determine one of the regulatory mechanisms of literary practices in the early 1930s USSR. The paper aims to analyze the methods of discussion; to identify the main requirements for literary texts; to review the changes made in reprints. In the course of the present research, we studied archival documents which had previously not been introduced into academic study (materials from two oral discussions of A. M. Dmitriev's novel “Aye to Steer the Boat” (1931), correspondence), as well as reviews published in periodicals. The novel was perceived as an achievement of the Literary Association of the Red Army and Navy, which «tutored» its author. The article presents key points of the extensive discussion that reflected the ramifications of the RAPP's leader’s confrontation with the “Litfront” group. Political accusations, rhetorical techniques based on logical fallacies, contradictory reproaches all characterize the discourse of the era, while indicating that presumption of guilt was applied even to a writer loyal to the new regime. They also allow us to talk about the significant influence of critics and political workers on editorial amendments made to the text. The article highlights recurrent demands placed on the text, which reflected the shift of early 1930s Soviet literature towards the sole Socialist Realism approach. It was assumed that the writer would plausibly depict the preferred constructed image of reality in accordance with the current policy of the party, offering the reader a role model—a Bolshevik hero. The same period saw the onset of the requirement to write in a simple literary language.
本研究的目的是确定三十年代初苏联文学实践的调控机制之一。本文旨在分析讨论的方法;确定文学文本的主要要求;检查重印版中所做的更改。在目前的研究过程中，我们研究了以前没有被引入学术研究的档案文件(A. M. Dmitriev的小说《Aye to Steer the Boat》(1931)的两次口头讨论的材料，通信)，以及发表在期刊上的评论。这部小说被认为是红军和海军文学协会的成就，它“指导”了作者。文章提出了广泛讨论的关键点，反映了RAPP领导人与“Litfront”集团对抗的后果。政治指责、基于逻辑谬误的修辞技巧、相互矛盾的指责都是那个时代话语的特征，同时也表明，即使是忠于新政权的作家，也可以被推定有罪。它们还使我们能够谈论评论家和政治工作者对文本编辑修改的重大影响。这篇文章强调了对文本的反复要求，这反映了20世纪30年代早期苏联文学向唯一的社会主义现实主义方法的转变。人们认为，作者会根据党的现行政策，合理地描绘出自己喜欢的现实形象，为读者提供一个榜样——一个布尔什维克英雄。在同一时期，人们开始要求用一种简单的文学语言写作。
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Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2021.10.1.1
S. Ivanov
On the basis of four existing manuscripts, a Byzantine “spiritually beneficial tale” is published for the first time. This is an obvious translation from Greek but its original is nowhere attested. The action takes place in Jerusalem and its surroundings, the actors are pre-Islamic Arabs. In all probability, the story was written down at the beginning of the 6th century; the hidden message of the legend is the questionability of “barbaric” conversions as such.
{"title":"Flaying Angels: Аn Early Byzantine Edifying Tale Preserved Only in Slavic Translation","authors":"S. Ivanov","doi":"10.31168/2305-6754.2021.10.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2021.10.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of four existing manuscripts, a Byzantine “spiritually beneficial tale” is published for the first time. This is an obvious translation from Greek but its original is nowhere attested. The action takes place in Jerusalem and its surroundings, the actors are pre-Islamic Arabs. In all probability, the story was written down at the beginning of the 6th century; the hidden message of the legend is the questionability of “barbaric” conversions as such.","PeriodicalId":42189,"journal":{"name":"Slovene-International Journal of Slavic Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69618679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2021.10.2.8
Yulia I. Krasnoselskaya
In the paper, we examine chapters XXI–XXIII of War and Peace Book 3 Part 1, where Tolstoy depicts the preparations of the Russian nation to the war of 1812. He portrays the visit of Alexander I to Moscow and his meeting with people: first in the Kremlin, then in the Sloboda Palace, where nobles and merchants are gathered to define the conditions on which militia should be organized. The political problem stated in these chapters could be formulated as the problem of legitimacy of the supreme power, as well as of its relationship with the citizens. We state that the Kremlin scene in chapter XXI shows an archaic scenario of power that could remind of the old Russian tradition of the Zemsky Sobor. The next two chapters represent a more modern and more western scenario of power in the form of the advisory assembly with estate representation. In our opinion, Tolstoy, while creating these episodes, was deeply impressed by publications on D. V. Karakozov’s attempt on the life of Alexander II and by the Slavophiles’ and Westernizers’ (mainly B. N. Chicherin’s) works on the Ancient Russian and Western models of popular representation.
{"title":"“1866” in Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace: The Depiction of Militia Gathering in the Socio-Political Context of the 1860s","authors":"Yulia I. Krasnoselskaya","doi":"10.31168/2305-6754.2021.10.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2021.10.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper, we examine chapters XXI–XXIII of War and Peace Book 3 Part 1, where Tolstoy depicts the preparations of the Russian nation to the war of 1812. He portrays the visit of Alexander I to Moscow and his meeting with people: first in the Kremlin, then in the Sloboda Palace, where nobles and merchants are gathered to define the conditions on which militia should be organized. The political problem stated in these chapters could be formulated as the problem of legitimacy of the supreme power, as well as of its relationship with the citizens. We state that the Kremlin scene in chapter XXI shows an archaic scenario of power that could remind of the old Russian tradition of the Zemsky Sobor. The next two chapters represent a more modern and more western scenario of power in the form of the advisory assembly with estate representation. In our opinion, Tolstoy, while creating these episodes, was deeply impressed by publications on D. V. Karakozov’s attempt on the life of Alexander II and by the Slavophiles’ and Westernizers’ (mainly B. N. Chicherin’s) works on the Ancient Russian and Western models of popular representation.","PeriodicalId":42189,"journal":{"name":"Slovene-International Journal of Slavic Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69619766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2021.10.2.9
Ivan Šimko
The present paper studies the problem of standardization of Bulgarian within the context of the emergence of the Balkan Sprachbund. Traditionally, standardization is considered to be a part of the nation-building process, understood as the codification of orthographic and other linguistic norms in authoritative documents. As they are legally binding within the national collective, the traditional view distinguishes texts from the era before standardization containing more dialectal phenomena and the standardized literature, where dialectal features are usually suppressed. This study presents the hypothesis that the codification of the Bulgarian language in the 19th century did not have such an impact on the later development of language norms. Rather, the codification merely led to changes in orthography. Other norms of the literary language gradually developed within the manuscript tradition of the so-called damaskini. This hypothesis is supported by a quantitative analysis of a sample of texts from various centuries and dialectal areas.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2021.10.1.13
I. Maier, Olena Jansson, Oleg Rusakovskiy
This paper offers an analysis of an early prose translation of a Latin panegyrical poem into Russian. The poem, “In lavdem Lvdovici XIII” was written by Peter / Petrus / Pierre Valens in 1623 or earlier. It was included in the book “Maneige Royal”, first published in 1623 under the name of A. de Pluvinel, who was the riding teacher of the young King Louis XIII. The book was translated into Russian in 1670, albeit not from the original French edition, but from the German version in the bilingual edition “Maneige Royal / Königliche Reitschul”, published in Braunschweig, 1626. The book's Russian title is a verbatim translation of the German one, “Korolevskaia ezdnaia shkola”. The translation is known from two copies: RNB, F.XI.1 (Saint Petersburg), and as one of the texts in the Codex AD 10 (Västerås, Sweden). Our analysis leads to the conclusion that both the translation itself and the two copies most probably were made at the Ambassadorial Chancery (Posol'skii prikaz). The translation of the Latin panegyrical poem shows that the translator understood the Latin text quite well, although it contains a few isolated errors. At the same time, some of these mistakes might have been the result of misprints in the German original, or they may have been caused by the copyist who produced the fair copy. It seems very likely that the translation of the Latin poem (as well as of the entire book) was made by the translator Ivan Tiazhkogorskii, who knew all three languages used in the book (German, Latin, and French). Although Tiazhkogorskii for the most part translated texts from his native language, German, he was able to make decent translations also from Latin and French; however, historical, political and above all mythological allusions caused a few difficulties.
本文分析了一部早期拉丁文赞美诗的俄语散文译本。这首诗，“In lavdem Lvdovici XIII”是由彼得/彼得鲁斯/皮埃尔瓦伦斯在1623年或更早的时候写的。它被收录在1623年以A. de Pluvinel的名义首次出版的《皇家管家》一书中，他是年轻的国王路易十三的骑术老师。这本书在1670年被翻译成俄文，尽管不是从法文原版翻译的，而是从德文双语版《Maneige Royal / Königliche Reitschul》翻译的，1626年在不伦瑞克出版。这本书的俄文书名是对德文书名“Korolevskaia ezdnaia shkola”的逐字翻译。(圣彼得堡)，并作为公元10年手抄本的文本之一(Västerås，瑞典)。我们的分析得出的结论是，翻译本身和两份副本都很可能是在大使公署(Posol'skii prikaz)制作的。这首拉丁赞美诗的翻译表明，译者对拉丁文本理解得相当好，尽管它包含一些孤立的错误。与此同时，其中一些错误可能是德国原版印刷错误的结果，也可能是由制作公平副本的抄写员造成的。这首拉丁诗(以及整本书)的翻译似乎很可能是由译者伊万·蒂亚兹科戈尔斯基完成的，他知道书中使用的三种语言(德语、拉丁语和法语)。尽管季日哥戈尔斯基大部分翻译的是他的母语德语，但他也能把拉丁语和法语翻译得很好;然而，历史的、政治的，尤其是神话的典故造成了一些困难。
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Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2021.10.1.14
Alexander V. Gura
The article discusses the use of linguistic harmony in traditional culture as a means of symbolisation. In folklore texts, the phonetic similarity of the words heightens the semantic connections between them. This happens when homonyms, paronyms, and other similar-sounding words in the text along with anagrammatic coding of the meaning of the text (for example, riddles) merge, combining two words in one hybrid word paronymous with both of them; by means of phonetic strengthening, complex sound compilation of the text as a whole, as frequently seen in poetry, etc. Symbolic correlations based on verbal consonances usually occur in spells, conjurations, dream interpretations, superstitions, and rituals that have a magical function (prognostic, healing, etc.). In archaic elements of the poetry, the harmony of the words combines an aesthetic function with a magical one (merging more and more with the aesthetic one over time), which allows us to talk about their true syncretism and the magical origins of poetry. Sound and logical-conceptual methods of symbolisation often interact with each other. The symbolism generated by the harmony of words fits into a wide cultural context, revealing deep-semantic cultural parallels from different eras and communities, since the supraindividual memory operating in culture is able to store and bring to life the accumulated connotations. Symbolism arising from the consonances of words has the property of reviving the etymological memory of a word in cultural contexts. In some archaic Slavic zones, symbolism, based on consonant words, still retains its productivity. In the symbolic language of the culture, it also performs a structuring function, takes part in the formation of connections and relationships between the single elements of the traditional picture of the world setting up certain parameters for it, for example, it forms parallels in folk zoology in animal and bird codes, isolating single groups of characters.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2021.10.2.7
Dmitry Ya. Kalugin
The article is dedicated to the usage of the concept of prisutstvie (presence) in the texts by Alexander Radishchev. As the analysis shows, this concept is the meeting ground of three semantic fields: first of all, it signifies God’s presence in the Holy Gifts, secondly, it means ‘being together at one place’, as well as ‘court hearing’, and, finally, it is associated with the presence of an object in the mind (for example, in the work of Descartes, Hume, Locke). Thanks to Radishchev’s philosophical interests, his dependence on the language of European philosophers, and the circumstances of his biography, Radishchev’s works provide abundant material for analyzing the topoi of presence and absence in their different meanings. In spite of the fact that this concept is not essentially reflected by Radishchev, its usage has a systematic character: ‘presence’ emerges in special contexts. The article discusses three aspects of its usage. The first one is philosophical, linked with the idea of ‘personal identity’. The second aspect is intersubjective, connected with the presence-absence of a friend. The last one is political, where the utopian vision of the future is formulated. The conclusion of the article is that the concept of presence denotes a special regime of relations with another person, which is then correlated with the particular perception of the political society.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2021.10.2.14
Ekaterina I. Kislova
The article focuses on the use of Russian and Latin in rhetoric classes in Russian seminaries of the 18th century, based on published and archival documents. Over the course of the century, the status of the Russian language changed significantly, which may be attributed to a number of factors: the development of belletristic literature, an increase in book publishing, the encouragement of preaching, etc. However, despite the fact that rhetorical textbooks began to be published in Russian, Latin remained the language of rhetorical theory in seminaries. These processes are illustrated both by surviving collections of extracts and exemplary texts, and catalogs of seminar libraries.
{"title":"Latin vs. Russian: the Languages of Rhetoric Classes in 18th Century Russian Seminaries","authors":"Ekaterina I. Kislova","doi":"10.31168/2305-6754.2021.10.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2021.10.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the use of Russian and Latin in rhetoric classes in Russian seminaries of the 18th century, based on published and archival documents. Over the course of the century, the status of the Russian language changed significantly, which may be attributed to a number of factors: the development of belletristic literature, an increase in book publishing, the encouragement of preaching, etc. However, despite the fact that rhetorical textbooks began to be published in Russian, Latin remained the language of rhetorical theory in seminaries. These processes are illustrated both by surviving collections of extracts and exemplary texts, and catalogs of seminar libraries.","PeriodicalId":42189,"journal":{"name":"Slovene-International Journal of Slavic Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69619981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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