Pharmaceutical pollutants like diclofenac, a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), are frequently found in agricultural soils, yet their effects on plant-associated microbiota remain poorly understood. Diclofenac is classified as hazardous under regulations (e.g., EU REACH, US EPA), monitored as a contaminant of emerging concern, and listed for priority monitoring due to its persistence and ecotoxicity. Cucurbit species, including zucchini (Cucurbita pepo cv. Atena Polka), can bioaccumulate such pollutants, affecting crop performance and human exposure. We examined the effects of diclofenac (2.5 mg/kg), alone and with the fungicide benomyl, on physiological, biochemical, and microbiological traits in zucchini over 28 days. We quantified diclofenac uptake and translocation, measured biomass, chlorophyll, and phenolic compounds, and assessed endophytic bacterial diversity using Biolog EcoPlates™ and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Diclofenac primarily accumulated in roots, but benomyl co-application significantly increased shoot accumulation (17-fold) and translocation (49-fold). Diclofenac exposure reduced plant biomass, phenylpropanoids, and endophytic microbial activity and diversity. Benomyl partially mitigated these effects, enhancing microbial function and plant resilience. Our findings reveal that co-occurring agrochemicals can modulate pharmaceutical behavior in plants and their microbiomes, with important implications for environmental risk assessment and food safety in contaminated agroecosystems.
{"title":"Fungicide effects on diclofenac uptake, translocation and tolerance in zucchini and its endophytes","authors":"Huladduwa Mudiyanselage Chathurika Priyadarshani , Elżbieta Mierzejewska-Sinner , Bartosz Kózka , Joanna Giebułtowicz , Magdalena Urbaniak","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pharmaceutical pollutants like diclofenac, a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), are frequently found in agricultural soils, yet their effects on plant-associated microbiota remain poorly understood. Diclofenac is classified as hazardous under regulations (e.g., EU REACH, US EPA), monitored as a contaminant of emerging concern, and listed for priority monitoring due to its persistence and ecotoxicity. Cucurbit species, including zucchini (<em>Cucurbita pepo</em> cv. Atena Polka), can bioaccumulate such pollutants, affecting crop performance and human exposure. We examined the effects of diclofenac (2.5 mg/kg), alone and with the fungicide benomyl, on physiological, biochemical, and microbiological traits in zucchini over 28 days. We quantified diclofenac uptake and translocation, measured biomass, chlorophyll, and phenolic compounds, and assessed endophytic bacterial diversity using Biolog EcoPlates™ and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Diclofenac primarily accumulated in roots, but benomyl co-application significantly increased shoot accumulation (17-fold) and translocation (49-fold). Diclofenac exposure reduced plant biomass, phenylpropanoids, and endophytic microbial activity and diversity. Benomyl partially mitigated these effects, enhancing microbial function and plant resilience. Our findings reveal that co-occurring agrochemicals can modulate pharmaceutical behavior in plants and their microbiomes, with important implications for environmental risk assessment and food safety in contaminated agroecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1010 ","pages":"Article 181131"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181052
Gustavo P.S. Luís , Alcides J.S.C. Pereira , Luís Neves
Rn-222 is a well-established tracer for groundwater-surface water interactions, but long-term analyses of radiological parameters are scarce. Time series analysis of radiological parameters in waters is a recent, case-specific approach. This study applies a feature-based time series analysis to radiological and physicochemical data from groundwater (GW) and surface water (SW) within a river and two tributaries spanning contrasting lithologies. Over one hydrological year, we monitored Rn-222, gross alpha and beta radiation, pH, electrical conductivity, and water temperature.
Groundwaters showed significant spatial differences (p < 0.05) across sampling sites and lithologies for all variables, while in surface waters only gross alpha, pH, and EC varied significantly. Correlations were site-specific, with groundwater showing stronger internal relationships among variables than surface water. Air temperature correlated more consistently with water parameters than precipitation. Nevertheless, Rn-222 was found to be inversely correlated with discharge (in groundwaters) and positively correlated with air temperature.
Seasonal-trend decomposition (STL) revealed long-term patterns, seasonal signals, and noise, allowing hierarchical clustering of sampling sites by variable. The results clarified the role of geological setting and climatic factors in shaping water dynamics. Seasonal variations were observed across multiple parameters, with Rn-222 concentrations exhibiting delayed responses to precipitation events, reflecting heterogeneous recharge pathways and subsurface residence times. Hierarchical clustering distinguished deep, lithologically confined aquifers from more responsive, shallow systems, offering insights into the groundwater discharge contributions to surface water. Notably, surface waters of the tributaries were more responsive to groundwater inputs, with a clear seasonal signal attributed to changes in flow and weather conditions.
The study underscores the importance of integrating time series analysis and Hierarchical Clustering into routine water quality analyses to better understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of groundwater and surface water interactions in geologically complex environments. Findings provide insights for water resource management and monitoring, with applications in comparable hydrogeological regions.
{"title":"Integrated statistical and feature based time series analysis of natural radionuclides and physicochemical parameters in surface water and groundwater of a hydrogeological system","authors":"Gustavo P.S. Luís , Alcides J.S.C. Pereira , Luís Neves","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rn-222 is a well-established tracer for groundwater-surface water interactions, but long-term analyses of radiological parameters are scarce. Time series analysis of radiological parameters in waters is a recent, case-specific approach. This study applies a feature-based time series analysis to radiological and physicochemical data from groundwater (GW) and surface water (SW) within a river and two tributaries spanning contrasting lithologies. Over one hydrological year, we monitored Rn-222, gross alpha and beta radiation, pH, electrical conductivity, and water temperature.</div><div>Groundwaters showed significant spatial differences (<em>p</em> < 0.05) across sampling sites and lithologies for all variables, while in surface waters only gross alpha, pH, and EC varied significantly. Correlations were site-specific, with groundwater showing stronger internal relationships among variables than surface water. Air temperature correlated more consistently with water parameters than precipitation. Nevertheless, Rn-222 was found to be inversely correlated with discharge (in groundwaters) and positively correlated with air temperature.</div><div>Seasonal-trend decomposition (STL) revealed long-term patterns, seasonal signals, and noise, allowing hierarchical clustering of sampling sites by variable. The results clarified the role of geological setting and climatic factors in shaping water dynamics. Seasonal variations were observed across multiple parameters, with Rn-222 concentrations exhibiting delayed responses to precipitation events, reflecting heterogeneous recharge pathways and subsurface residence times. Hierarchical clustering distinguished deep, lithologically confined aquifers from more responsive, shallow systems, offering insights into the groundwater discharge contributions to surface water. Notably, surface waters of the tributaries were more responsive to groundwater inputs, with a clear seasonal signal attributed to changes in flow and weather conditions.</div><div>The study underscores the importance of integrating time series analysis and Hierarchical Clustering into routine water quality analyses to better understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of groundwater and surface water interactions in geologically complex environments. Findings provide insights for water resource management and monitoring, with applications in comparable hydrogeological regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1010 ","pages":"Article 181052"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181094
Fatima Ilyas , Muhammad Azmat , Swera Javed , Shakil Ahmad , Muhammad Arshad , Muhammad Usman Rashid , Saeed Ahmad Asad
Accurately predicting shifts in the potential distribution of major crops under various climate change scenarios is essential for developing effective adaptation strategies and ensuring food security. This study examines the spatial and temporal shifts in the suitability of five major crops (i.e. wheat, rice, cotton, sugarcane and maize) based on phenological stage-specific climatic variables and crops occurrence points within the Indus Plain (part of the Indus Basin located in Pakistan), across three climate change scenarios: baseline (1985–2015), near-future (2025–2055), and far-future (2055–2085), using an ensemble Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) approach, integrated with CMIP6 climate projections under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 climate scenarios. The findings reveal that the crop suitability is primarily influenced by elevation and phenology-specific climatic variables (precipitation, tropical nights, maximum and minimum temperature), which impact the suitability of rice, maize, wheat, cotton and sugarcane, at different phenological stages). Rice and cotton show a decline in suitability in the near term, followed by a late-future increase. In contrast, maize suitability is projected to remain stable (under SSP2) or increase (under SSP5) in the 2050s, followed by a decline in the 2080s. Spatially, highly suitable zones for rice and cotton are projected to shrink in Sindh and southern Punjab across all scenarios, while maize-suitability is projected to decline in Punjab but persist in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). A moderate increase in rice suitability is observed in northwestern Pakistan. In the Rabi season, wheat suitability is projected to decline in Sindh and southern Punjab, particularly under SSP5. Sugarcane shows a similar trend to cotton, with more pronounced impacts under SSP2. Overall, climate change is predicted to shift crop suitability across the Indus Plain, with regional variations depending on crop type and emission scenario. The risks to crop cultivation are expected to be significantly higher in the future due to elevated temperatures, heat waves, and altered precipitation patterns driven by climate change which can reshape crop suitability across the study region and consequently alter cropping patterns and water resource management in the Indus Plain.
{"title":"Climate-responsive cropland dynamics in Indus Basin: A comprehensive SDM assessment with intra-seasonal variability","authors":"Fatima Ilyas , Muhammad Azmat , Swera Javed , Shakil Ahmad , Muhammad Arshad , Muhammad Usman Rashid , Saeed Ahmad Asad","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately predicting shifts in the potential distribution of major crops under various climate change scenarios is essential for developing effective adaptation strategies and ensuring food security. This study examines the spatial and temporal shifts in the suitability of five major crops (i.e. wheat, rice, cotton, sugarcane and maize) based on phenological stage-specific climatic variables and crops occurrence points within the Indus Plain (part of the Indus Basin located in Pakistan), across three climate change scenarios: baseline (1985–2015), near-future (2025–2055), and far-future (2055–2085), using an ensemble Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) approach, integrated with CMIP6 climate projections under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 climate scenarios. The findings reveal that the crop suitability is primarily influenced by elevation and phenology-specific climatic variables (precipitation, tropical nights, maximum and minimum temperature), which impact the suitability of rice, maize, wheat, cotton and sugarcane, at different phenological stages). Rice and cotton show a decline in suitability in the near term, followed by a late-future increase. In contrast, maize suitability is projected to remain stable (under SSP2) or increase (under SSP5) in the 2050s, followed by a decline in the 2080s. Spatially, highly suitable zones for rice and cotton are projected to shrink in Sindh and southern Punjab across all scenarios, while maize-suitability is projected to decline in Punjab but persist in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). A moderate increase in rice suitability is observed in northwestern Pakistan. In the Rabi season, wheat suitability is projected to decline in Sindh and southern Punjab, particularly under SSP5. Sugarcane shows a similar trend to cotton, with more pronounced impacts under SSP2. Overall, climate change is predicted to shift crop suitability across the Indus Plain, with regional variations depending on crop type and emission scenario. The risks to crop cultivation are expected to be significantly higher in the future due to elevated temperatures, heat waves, and altered precipitation patterns driven by climate change which can reshape crop suitability across the study region and consequently alter cropping patterns and water resource management in the Indus Plain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1009 ","pages":"Article 181094"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145676016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Algae, including both eukaryotes and prokaryotes (cyanobacteria), play a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems. However, eutrophication caused by human activities has led to excessive algal blooms, degrading water quality. Traditional phytoplankton monitoring methods are limited in scale and cost, whereas remote sensing emerges as an efficient alternative, enabling broad and continuous analysis. Chlorophyll-a, a pigment found in algae and cyanobacteria, is a key indicator of phytoplankton biomass and can be quantified using remote sensing techniques. This study conducted a meta-analysis of 267 articles (1983-2021) to assess the effectiveness of remote sensing models in estimating chlorophyll-a in inland waters. The results demonstrated that these models are effective, with a mean effect size of 0.6776. High heterogeneity among studies was observed, primarily influenced by atmospheric correction methods. Group 4 corrections (simultaneous retrieval of atmospheric and water components) helped explain part of the model's heterogeneity. Hyperspectral imagery and semi-analytical algorithms showed higher accuracy, though they were less frequently used. Lotic environments (rivers) exhibited larger effect sizes than lentic ones (lakes), reflecting ecological differences. Arid and temperate climates yielded better results than tropical and cold climates. The study concludes that remote sensing is a viable tool for monitoring algal blooms, with the potential to enhance water quality management.
{"title":"Meta-analysis: Efficiency of using remote sensing to monitor algal and cyanobacterial blooms in continental aquatic environments","authors":"Guilherme Luiz Rissate , Elisa Parreira Darim , Gilson Souza Ferreira-Neto , Manuel Eduardo Ferreira , Fernanda Melo Carneiro","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Algae, including both eukaryotes and prokaryotes (cyanobacteria), play a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems. However, eutrophication caused by human activities has led to excessive algal blooms, degrading water quality. Traditional phytoplankton monitoring methods are limited in scale and cost, whereas remote sensing emerges as an efficient alternative, enabling broad and continuous analysis. Chlorophyll-a, a pigment found in algae and cyanobacteria, is a key indicator of phytoplankton biomass and can be quantified using remote sensing techniques. This study conducted a meta-analysis of 267 articles (1983-2021) to assess the effectiveness of remote sensing models in estimating chlorophyll-a in inland waters. The results demonstrated that these models are effective, with a mean effect size of 0.6776. High heterogeneity among studies was observed, primarily influenced by atmospheric correction methods. Group 4 corrections (simultaneous retrieval of atmospheric and water components) helped explain part of the model's heterogeneity. Hyperspectral imagery and semi-analytical algorithms showed higher accuracy, though they were less frequently used. Lotic environments (rivers) exhibited larger effect sizes than lentic ones (lakes), reflecting ecological differences. Arid and temperate climates yielded better results than tropical and cold climates. The study concludes that remote sensing is a viable tool for monitoring algal blooms, with the potential to enhance water quality management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1010 ","pages":"Article 181130"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145675973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181092
Shisy Jose , D.H. Lohith Kumar , Muneer Ahmad Malla , Jonathan Featherston , Faizal Bux , Sheena Kumari
The intensification of agriculture through chemical fertilizers has led to severe environmental consequences. This study provides a comprehensive investigation on chemical fertilizer, vermiculite and on microalgal-cyanobacterial consortia (bioinoculants) influencing soil microbial community. Chemical fertilizer application significantly altered the microbial community, suppressing the dominant phylum Proteobacteria to 48.3 % abundance from 60.9 % in the control soil. The bioinoculant treatments maintained a high Proteobacteria abundance (58.9 %–59.7 %) and fostered a growth-oriented, anabolic strategy. The 50:50 mix treatment uniquely promoted the fungal phylum Basidiomycota to 18.2 % abundance and showed the highest investment in the Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis pathway (23.0 %). Chemical fertilizer treatment upregulated genes for rapid nitrogen assimilation (glnA, Log2FC = 0.60) and phosphorus starvation response (phoB, Log2FC = 0.65; pstS, Log2FC = 0.83). The enhanced energy production and conversion (11.83 %), amino acid transport and metabolism (11.20 %), and fatty acid biosynthesis (45.3 %) was observed in bioinoculant treatment. Unlike chemical fertilizer treatment, bioinoculant treatment led to the accumulation of the osmoprotectant trehalose and structural membrane lipids, while the 50:50 mix was uniquely characterized by a higher abundance of xylose. These findings demonstrate that the microalgal-cyanobacterial consortium can enhance nutrient recycling, and potentially boost soil health by reshaping the soil microbiome and metabolic functions, offering a promising strategy for sustainable agriculture.
{"title":"Insights into microbial community, nitrogen‑phosphorus metabolism from metagenomic and metabolomic analysis of microalgal-cyanobacterial consortium-based bioinoculants","authors":"Shisy Jose , D.H. Lohith Kumar , Muneer Ahmad Malla , Jonathan Featherston , Faizal Bux , Sheena Kumari","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intensification of agriculture through chemical fertilizers has led to severe environmental consequences. This study provides a comprehensive investigation on chemical fertilizer, vermiculite and on microalgal-cyanobacterial consortia (bioinoculants) influencing soil microbial community. Chemical fertilizer application significantly altered the microbial community, suppressing the dominant phylum Proteobacteria to 48.3 % abundance from 60.9 % in the control soil. The bioinoculant treatments maintained a high Proteobacteria abundance (58.9 %–59.7 %) and fostered a growth-oriented, anabolic strategy. The 50:50 mix treatment uniquely promoted the fungal phylum Basidiomycota to 18.2 % abundance and showed the highest investment in the Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis pathway (23.0 %). Chemical fertilizer treatment upregulated genes for rapid nitrogen assimilation (<em>glnA</em>, Log<sub>2</sub>FC = 0.60) and phosphorus starvation response (<em>phoB</em>, Log<sub>2</sub>FC = 0.65; <em>pstS</em>, Log<sub>2</sub>FC = 0.83). The enhanced energy production and conversion (11.83 %), amino acid transport and metabolism (11.20 %), and fatty acid biosynthesis (45.3 %) was observed in bioinoculant treatment. Unlike chemical fertilizer treatment, bioinoculant treatment led to the accumulation of the osmoprotectant trehalose and structural membrane lipids, while the 50:50 mix was uniquely characterized by a higher abundance of xylose. These findings demonstrate that the microalgal-cyanobacterial consortium can enhance nutrient recycling, and potentially boost soil health by reshaping the soil microbiome and metabolic functions, offering a promising strategy for sustainable agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1009 ","pages":"Article 181092"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145666423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eutrophication and hydrology are the main factors in cyanobacterial bloom formation in subtropical reservoirs. In contrast, the effects of hot years and heatwaves (HWs) have been less studied and probably occur in interaction with these factors, affecting annual and local bloom dynamics. Our objectives were to determine the relationship between annual cyanobacterial bloom frequency and extreme temperatures, including HWs, and to determine the interaction effect between temperature and water levels on the probability of bloom occurrences. We investigated the interannual dynamics of Microcystis blooms in three cascade mesotrophic-eutrophic subtropical reservoirs. We used seven years (2016–2023) of Sentinel-2 images to identify and categorize blooms. A total of 322 blooms were registered across the three Negro River reservoirs, 72 % of which were classified as medium to very large. Blooms generally occurred between austral December–June (cyanoperiod). Bloom frequencies varied between years and reservoirs (0–0.91); however, the overall annual patterns across the reservoirs were similar, and no increasing trend was observed during the study period. Twelve HWs occurred during the cyanoperiod where blooms also tended to be more frequent. The logistic regression modeling strongly suggests that both the maximum air temperature and water levels are significant predictors of bloom occurrences. Interestingly, the responses clearly differ between the reservoirs: the meso-eutrophic reservoir showed a strong response to temperature increases, while the eutrophic reservoir was less dependent on temperature at low water levels. A positive association was observed between HWs and bloom frequency; however, since all HWs occurred within hot years, their effect could not be clearly separated. These results suggest that global warming has a large impact on reservoirs and that the response differs between reservoirs probably due to interaction with trophic state. Under ongoing warming trends, controlling the formation of cyanobacterial blooms requires a stricter reduction in nutrient input to offset the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme temperature and HWs.
{"title":"Extreme temperatures increase the frequency of cyanobacterial blooms in subtropical reservoirs","authors":"Haakonsson Signe , Montesino Yilian , Renom Madeleine , Aubriot Luis","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eutrophication and hydrology are the main factors in cyanobacterial bloom formation in subtropical reservoirs. In contrast, the effects of hot years and heatwaves (HWs) have been less studied and probably occur in interaction with these factors, affecting annual and local bloom dynamics. Our objectives were to determine the relationship between annual cyanobacterial bloom frequency and extreme temperatures, including HWs, and to determine the interaction effect between temperature and water levels on the probability of bloom occurrences. We investigated the interannual dynamics of <em>Microcystis</em> blooms in three cascade mesotrophic-eutrophic subtropical reservoirs. We used seven years (2016–2023) of Sentinel-2 images to identify and categorize blooms. A total of 322 blooms were registered across the three Negro River reservoirs, 72 % of which were classified as medium to very large. Blooms generally occurred between austral December–June (cyanoperiod). Bloom frequencies varied between years and reservoirs (0–0.91); however, the overall annual patterns across the reservoirs were similar, and no increasing trend was observed during the study period. Twelve HWs occurred during the cyanoperiod where blooms also tended to be more frequent. The logistic regression modeling strongly suggests that both the maximum air temperature and water levels are significant predictors of bloom occurrences. Interestingly, the responses clearly differ between the reservoirs: the meso-eutrophic reservoir showed a strong response to temperature increases, while the eutrophic reservoir was less dependent on temperature at low water levels. A positive association was observed between HWs and bloom frequency; however, since all HWs occurred within hot years, their effect could not be clearly separated. These results suggest that global warming has a large impact on reservoirs and that the response differs between reservoirs probably due to interaction with trophic state. Under ongoing warming trends, controlling the formation of cyanobacterial blooms requires a stricter reduction in nutrient input to offset the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme temperature and HWs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1009 ","pages":"Article 181086"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145666448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181097
Seong Weon Lee , Geondo Park , Jun-Hyun Park , Fawad Ashraf , Sunghwan Kim , Chan Sik Cho , Ho-Jin Lim
Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) are key intermediates in the atmospheric oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), yet their formation mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the role of ammonia (NH₃) in enhancing HOM formation during secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from both aromatic (toluene, m-xylene, ethylbenzene) and biogenic (α-pinene, isoprene) VOCs under controlled smog chamber conditions. Orbitrap electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used to identify HOMs. We observed that the presence of NH₃ significantly increased both the number (by up to 369 %) and abundance (by 158–1437 %) of HOM species, particularly from aromatic precursors. NH₃ also promoted the formation of more oxidized, low-volatility HOMs that partitioned predominantly into the particle phase. These effects were precursor-dependent, with biogenic VOCs showing weaker or even suppressed enhancements. Volatility and oxidation state analyses further suggest that NH₃ facilitates the formation of highly oxygenated, nitrogen-containing species (e.g., CHON and CHONS compounds), thereby altering both the chemical composition and physical properties of SOA. Overall, our results highlight the significant and multifaceted role of NH₃ in atmospheric oxidation chemistry of organics and its influence on HOM formation pathways during VOC photooxidation.
{"title":"NH3-enhanced formation mechanism of highly oxygenated organic molecules from the photooxidation of aromatic and biogenic volatile organic compounds","authors":"Seong Weon Lee , Geondo Park , Jun-Hyun Park , Fawad Ashraf , Sunghwan Kim , Chan Sik Cho , Ho-Jin Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) are key intermediates in the atmospheric oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), yet their formation mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the role of ammonia (NH₃) in enhancing HOM formation during secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from both aromatic (toluene, m-xylene, ethylbenzene) and biogenic (α-pinene, isoprene) VOCs under controlled smog chamber conditions. Orbitrap electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used to identify HOMs. We observed that the presence of NH₃ significantly increased both the number (by up to 369 %) and abundance (by 158–1437 %) of HOM species, particularly from aromatic precursors. NH₃ also promoted the formation of more oxidized, low-volatility HOMs that partitioned predominantly into the particle phase. These effects were precursor-dependent, with biogenic VOCs showing weaker or even suppressed enhancements. Volatility and oxidation state analyses further suggest that NH₃ facilitates the formation of highly oxygenated, nitrogen-containing species (e.g., CHON and CHONS compounds), thereby altering both the chemical composition and physical properties of SOA. Overall, our results highlight the significant and multifaceted role of NH₃ in atmospheric oxidation chemistry of organics and its influence on HOM formation pathways during VOC photooxidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1009 ","pages":"Article 181097"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145676051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181016
Fariba Abbasi , Reza Saeedi , Mohammad Reza KalantarHormozi , Iraj Nabipour , Gabriel E. De-la-Torre , Mohammad Amin Azizi , Torsten C. Schmidt , Sina Dobaradaran
Despite the nutritional benefits of fruits, vegetables and cereals (FVC), the presence of emerging pollutants (EP) may endanger human health. To date, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), as one category of EPs, have been investigated in packaged food due to their frequent use as plasticizers and antioxidants in food contact material (FCM). However, there are knowledge gaps in interpreting sources, influencing factors and associated health risks of EDCs in packaged FVC. This review, for the first time, focuses on the comparison of EDCs occurrence in FVC on a worldwide scale, their estrogen activities and the associated risk due to consumption of the packaged FVC and their processed products. The migration of BPA exceeded the permissible limit in some canned FVCs and their processed products compared to other EDCs. Besides the contamination of raw FVC, the presence of EDCs in the packaged FVC processed products was associated with their preprocessing and preparation. Furthermore, storage conditions such as time, temperature, and shelf life have been introduced as influencing factors on the EDC levels in FVC and their products. It should be noted that the level of contamination was notably associated with the type of FVCs and their FCMs. Despite the lower mean estrogen potency and non-carcinogenic risk of EDCs, unacceptable 50th and 95th percentiles of hazard quotient (HQ) for both BPA and DEHP may pose public health concerns in the exposed population. Moreover, covering FVC processed products with plastic can be a concern, especially in the case of DEHP. In addition to FVC, attention to the occurrence of EDCs in other packaged food categories and assessment of their synergistic associated risk is suggested. Furthermore, the establishment of guidelines for acceptable levels of EDCs in the packaged FVC and their products is vital.
{"title":"A review of endocrine disrupting chemicals in the packaged fruits, vegetables and cereals and their products; occurrence, risk assessment and estrogenicity","authors":"Fariba Abbasi , Reza Saeedi , Mohammad Reza KalantarHormozi , Iraj Nabipour , Gabriel E. De-la-Torre , Mohammad Amin Azizi , Torsten C. Schmidt , Sina Dobaradaran","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the nutritional benefits of fruits, vegetables and cereals (FVC), the presence of emerging pollutants (EP) may endanger human health. To date, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), as one category of EPs, have been investigated in packaged food due to their frequent use as plasticizers and antioxidants in food contact material (FCM). However, there are knowledge gaps in interpreting sources, influencing factors and associated health risks of EDCs in packaged FVC. This review, for the first time, focuses on the comparison of EDCs occurrence in FVC on a worldwide scale, their estrogen activities and the associated risk due to consumption of the packaged FVC and their processed products. The migration of BPA exceeded the permissible limit in some canned FVCs and their processed products compared to other EDCs. Besides the contamination of raw FVC, the presence of EDCs in the packaged FVC processed products was associated with their preprocessing and preparation. Furthermore, storage conditions such as time, temperature, and shelf life have been introduced as influencing factors on the EDC levels in FVC and their products. It should be noted that the level of contamination was notably associated with the type of FVCs and their FCMs. Despite the lower mean estrogen potency and non-carcinogenic risk of EDCs, unacceptable 50th and 95th percentiles of hazard quotient (HQ) for both BPA and DEHP may pose public health concerns in the exposed population. Moreover, covering FVC processed products with plastic can be a concern, especially in the case of DEHP. In addition to FVC, attention to the occurrence of EDCs in other packaged food categories and assessment of their synergistic associated risk is suggested. Furthermore, the establishment of guidelines for acceptable levels of EDCs in the packaged FVC and their products is vital.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1009 ","pages":"Article 181016"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145666310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181074
V. Fernández-Fernández , M. Ramil , E. Díaz-Losada , M.D. Loureiro-Rodríguez , E. Trigo-Córdoba , M.S. Andrades , J.M. Marín-Benito , M.S. Rodríguez-Cruz , I. Rodríguez
Plant protection products, particularly fungicides and insecticides, are intensively used in viticulture. Washing from leaves of vines, runoff transport, and soil penetration might lead to pollution of surface and ground waters. Herein, we present a systematic study on the occurrence and evolution of fungicides and insecticides in samples from two major wine production areas in Spain (La Rioja and Galicia). Above 400 water samples, corresponding to eight sub-zones, from two regions with different pedoclimatic conditions, were analyzed by liquid chromatography accurate mass spectrometry. Total residues of target compounds followed a homogeneous distribution in all sub-zones except one; nevertheless, their average values were slightly lower in La Rioja than in Galicia (181.1 ng L−1 and 260.8 ng L−1, respectively). The highest pollution levels in the complete set of samples were measured in summer campaigns, corresponding to the most intensive application season of fungicides and insecticides. Nonetheless, in some wells, residues increased from summer to autumn, confirming their leaching to ground water. Fungicides were prevalent versus insecticides with distribution patterns varying between regions. Tetraconazole, fluopyram and boscalid recorded higher detection frequencies in waters from La Rioja (from 16 % to 24 %) than in Galicia (between 4 % and 10 %). The opposite trend was observed for azoxystrobin (11 % vs 35 %), zoxamide (3 % vs 34 %), mandipropamide (1 % vs 27 %) and fluopicolide (1 % vs 23 %), with lower detection rates in La Rioja compared to Galicia. Attending to detection frequencies and ratios between measured and predicted non-effect concentrations, azoxystrobin, carbendazim, fluopicolid, tebuconazole and zoxamide were rated as the most environmental concerning pollutants. Suspect screening of accurate MS data revealed the presence of additional pesticides, including herbicides and their transformation products, in the monitored aquatic environments.
植物保护产品，特别是杀菌剂和杀虫剂，在葡萄栽培中被大量使用。葡萄藤叶片的冲洗、径流的运输和土壤渗透可能导致地表水和地下水的污染。在此，我们提出了一个系统的研究，杀菌剂和杀虫剂的发生和演变的样品来自西班牙的两个主要葡萄酒产区（拉里奥哈和加利西亚）。采用液相色谱-精确质谱法对两个不同气候条件地区8个分区的400多个水样进行了分析。目标化合物的总残留量除1个分区外，其余分区均呈均匀分布；但拉里奥哈的平均值略低于加利西亚（分别为181.1 ng L-1和260.8 ng L-1）。所有样本中污染水平最高的是夏季活动，对应于杀菌剂和杀虫剂使用最密集的季节。尽管如此，在一些井中，残留物从夏季到秋季有所增加，这证实了它们已渗入地下水。杀菌剂和杀虫剂普遍存在，不同地区的分布模式不同。拉里奥哈水域的四环唑、氟吡仑和boscalid检测频率（从16%到24%）高于加利西亚水域（从4%到10%）。与加利西亚相比，拉里奥哈的检出率较低，氮嘧菌酯（11%对35%）、唑氨酰胺（3%对34%）、下颌丙烯酰胺（1%对27%）和氟哌啶酯（1%对23%）的趋势相反。从检测频率和无效果浓度与预测无效果浓度的比值来看，氮嘧菌酯、多菌灵、氟哌啶、替布康唑和唑胺是最具环境影响的污染物。对准确的质谱数据进行可疑筛选，发现在监测的水生环境中存在其他农药，包括除草剂及其转化产物。
{"title":"Assessing the impact of viticulture plant protection products in the pollution of surface and ground waters","authors":"V. Fernández-Fernández , M. Ramil , E. Díaz-Losada , M.D. Loureiro-Rodríguez , E. Trigo-Córdoba , M.S. Andrades , J.M. Marín-Benito , M.S. Rodríguez-Cruz , I. Rodríguez","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant protection products, particularly fungicides and insecticides, are intensively used in viticulture. Washing from leaves of vines, runoff transport, and soil penetration might lead to pollution of surface and ground waters. Herein, we present a systematic study on the occurrence and evolution of fungicides and insecticides in samples from two major wine production areas in Spain (La Rioja and Galicia). Above 400 water samples, corresponding to eight sub-zones, from two regions with different pedoclimatic conditions, were analyzed by liquid chromatography accurate mass spectrometry. Total residues of target compounds followed a homogeneous distribution in all sub-zones except one; nevertheless, their average values were slightly lower in La Rioja than in Galicia (181.1 ng L<sup>−1</sup> and 260.8 ng L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively). The highest pollution levels in the complete set of samples were measured in summer campaigns, corresponding to the most intensive application season of fungicides and insecticides. Nonetheless, in some wells, residues increased from summer to autumn, confirming their leaching to ground water. Fungicides were prevalent versus insecticides with distribution patterns varying between regions. Tetraconazole, fluopyram and boscalid recorded higher detection frequencies in waters from La Rioja (from 16 % to 24 %) than in Galicia (between 4 % and 10 %). The opposite trend was observed for azoxystrobin (11 % vs 35 %), zoxamide (3 % vs 34 %), mandipropamide (1 % vs 27 %) and fluopicolide (1 % vs 23 %), with lower detection rates in La Rioja compared to Galicia. Attending to detection frequencies and ratios between measured and predicted non-effect concentrations, azoxystrobin, carbendazim, fluopicolid, tebuconazole and zoxamide were rated as the most environmental concerning pollutants. Suspect screening of accurate MS data revealed the presence of additional pesticides, including herbicides and their transformation products, in the monitored aquatic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1009 ","pages":"Article 181074"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145676059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181127
Evan Hajani
This study presents updated Intensity-Frequency-Duration (IFD) curves for six Australian stations using 45 years (1980–2024) of annual maximum rainfall (AMR) data. Short-duration intensities were derived from 24-h AMR values using scaling relationships, and the Generalized Extreme Value distribution proved to be the optimal model across all sites. Both stationary and non-stationary approaches were applied, with the latter explicitly incorporating temporal trends and the influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index. The non-stationary models incorporating ENSO predicted 1-h intensities up to 18 % higher than those of the stationary models for the 100-year return periods. Uncertainty quantification using Monte Carlo simulation and bootstrap resampling revealed widening confidence intervals with increasing return periods, particularly for short durations, such as the 1-h 100-year estimate at Carnegie, which exhibited a ± 38 % relative uncertainty under the non-stationary model versus ±22 % for the stationary case. Including ENSO as a covariate allows the model to reflect interannual climatic variability, but the additional parameter increases uncertainty for long return periods, particularly where observations of extremes are sparse. These findings highlight the impact of large-scale climate drivers on rainfall extremes and their significance for flood risk and infrastructure planning in Australia.
本研究利用45年（1980-2024年）的年最大降雨量（AMR）数据，给出了六个澳大利亚站点更新的强度-频率-持续时间（IFD）曲线。利用尺度关系从24 h AMR值中得到短时强度，结果表明广义极值分布是所有站点的最优模型。采用了平稳和非平稳方法，后者明确纳入了时间趋势和El Niño-Southern涛动（ENSO）指数的影响。纳入ENSO的非平稳模式对100年回归期1小时强度的预测比平稳模式高18%。利用蒙特卡罗模拟和自举重采样进行的不确定性量化显示，置信区间随着回报期的增加而扩大，特别是在短时间内，例如卡内基的1小时100年估计，在非平稳模型下显示出±38%的相对不确定性，而在平稳情况下为±22%。将ENSO作为协变量包括在内，使模式能够反映年际气候变率，但附加参数增加了长回归期的不确定性，特别是在极端事件观测稀少的情况下。这些发现强调了大规模气候驱动因素对极端降雨的影响及其对澳大利亚洪水风险和基础设施规划的重要性。
{"title":"Uncertainty in stationary and nonstationary IFD curves with future projections in Australia","authors":"Evan Hajani","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents updated Intensity-Frequency-Duration (IFD) curves for six Australian stations using 45 years (1980–2024) of annual maximum rainfall (AMR) data. Short-duration intensities were derived from 24-h AMR values using scaling relationships, and the Generalized Extreme Value distribution proved to be the optimal model across all sites. Both stationary and non-stationary approaches were applied, with the latter explicitly incorporating temporal trends and the influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index. The non-stationary models incorporating ENSO predicted 1-h intensities up to 18 % higher than those of the stationary models for the 100-year return periods. Uncertainty quantification using Monte Carlo simulation and bootstrap resampling revealed widening confidence intervals with increasing return periods, particularly for short durations, such as the 1-h 100-year estimate at Carnegie, which exhibited a ± 38 % relative uncertainty under the non-stationary model versus ±22 % for the stationary case. Including ENSO as a covariate allows the model to reflect interannual climatic variability, but the additional parameter increases uncertainty for long return periods, particularly where observations of extremes are sparse. These findings highlight the impact of large-scale climate drivers on rainfall extremes and their significance for flood risk and infrastructure planning in Australia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1010 ","pages":"Article 181127"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145652000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号