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Nitrous oxide emissions from soil: A review of cropping practices and their consideration in process-based models 土壤中的一氧化二氮排放:基于过程的模型对种植方法及其考虑的综述
IF 8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181506
John Kormla Nyameasem , Sabine J. Seidel , Milena Ulrich , Morten Möller , Insa Kühling , Alberto Andrino , Timo Kautz , Nicolas Brüggemann , Ixchel M. Hernandez-Ochoa
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a major anthropogenic greenhouse gas. Agriculture represents its largest source, but the estimation, projection and mitigation measures pose considerable challenges. We conducted a secondary meta-analysis to synthesize and quantify the impact of various agricultural practices on observed N2O emissions. In addition, we synthesized how various process-based crop models considered these impacts and related processes when modeling N2O emissions in order to identify research gaps. We examined 134 field experiments and 108 modeling articles on N2O emissions. The application of biochar, nitrification and/or urease inhibitors, reduced fertilizer rates, controlled-release/coated fertilizers, deep fertilizer placement compared to surface application, and drip irrigation compared to broadcast surface irrigation consistently reduced observed N2O emissions (7–29%). In contrast, crop residue addition compared to removal increased N2O emissions. Many crop models already account for some of the practices, such as crop rotations, organic amendments, irrigation, fertilizer management in terms of rates, timing and sources, and, to a lesser degree, placement. Tillage practices are included in several models, but the considered approaches vary. Other important practices to increase fertilizer efficiency, such as the use of nitrification and urease inhibitors, are only included in a few models. While no modeling studies have explicitly assessed the liming effects on N2O emissions, biochar effects were only represented indirectly through carbon dynamics rather than nitrogen transformations. Overall, model improvements are necessary to accurately quantify N2O emissions associated with current agricultural practices, thereby contributing to the design of sustainable cropping systems that minimize the trade-off between climate change mitigation and crop productivity.
氧化亚氮(N2O)是一种主要的人为温室气体。农业是其最大的来源,但估算、预测和缓解措施带来了相当大的挑战。我们进行了二次荟萃分析,以综合和量化各种农业实践对观测到的N2O排放的影响。此外,我们综合了各种基于过程的作物模型在模拟N2O排放时如何考虑这些影响和相关过程,以确定研究空白。我们研究了134个现场实验和108篇关于N2O排放的建模文章。施用生物炭、硝化和/或脲酶抑制剂、降低施肥量、控释/包膜肥料、与地表施用相比施用深层肥料、与撒播地表灌溉相比滴灌持续减少观察到的N2O排放(7-29%)。相反,与去除相比,添加作物残茬增加了N2O排放。许多作物模型已经考虑了一些实践,如作物轮作、有机改良、灌溉、肥料管理的费率、时间和来源,以及在较小程度上的放置。耕作实践包括在几个模型中,但考虑的方法各不相同。其他提高肥料效率的重要做法,如使用硝化和脲酶抑制剂,只包括在少数模型中。虽然没有模型研究明确评估石灰化对N2O排放的影响,但生物炭效应仅通过碳动力学而不是氮转化间接表示。总体而言,有必要改进模型,以准确量化与当前农业实践相关的一氧化二氮排放,从而有助于设计可持续种植系统,最大限度地减少减缓气候变化与作物生产力之间的权衡。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptation and implementation of the HOTSED framework for assessing seasonal scenarios and short-term weather extremes in a high-altitude watershed of the Eastern Alps 适应和实施HOTSED框架,以评估东阿尔卑斯山高海拔流域的季节性情景和短期极端天气。
IF 8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181528
Manuel La Licata , Ananya Pandey , Michael Maerker , Marco Cavalli , Roberto Seppi , Sara Savi
We present the first preliminary adaptation and implementation of the HOTSED framework in a high-altitude watershed of the Eastern Italian Alps chosen as pilot area. HOTSED was applied to assess the spatio-temporal variability of sediment source hotspots driven by rainfall-induced surface runoff across different climatic conditions and rainfall intensities. We analyzed four seasonal scenarios and four daily scenarios, including an ordinary event and three extreme events with different return periods (10-year, 30-year, and 50-year). A pre-existing polygon-based geomorphological map was used to spatially define sediment sources across the study area. The geomorphic potential of each sediment source was estimated through a qualitative scoring of map attributes, supported by semi-quantitative, spatially distributed indices, including slope, permafrost distribution, and a proxy for frost-cracking incidence on the bedrock. Structural sediment connectivity was estimated using a geomorphometric index based on a Digital Terrain Model. For each scenario, a proxy for sediment transport potential was computed using a rainfall-calibrated index, applying a 0 °C ground surface temperature threshold to exclude snow-covered areas. All components were then integrated through a raster-based equation, yielding the HOTSED model. Results show that hotspots become more widespread and geomorphologically active during warmer and wetter seasons, particularly in summer and autumn, due to a combination of higher cumulative rainfall, intensified thermo-mechanical weathering, and increased topographic-altitudinal control on water flows. The model successfully identified hotspot toposequences with a high potential to trigger hazardous cascade processes. The analysis shows that even moderate rainfall extremes (e.g., 10-year return period events) can significantly amplify hazard patterns. This highlights the importance of identifying and monitoring geomorphic responses and, hence, managing appropriately cascading systems in Alpine watersheds under changing climatic conditions.
我们在意大利东部阿尔卑斯山脉的一个高海拔流域作为试点地区,首次提出了HOTSED框架的初步适应和实施。利用HOTSED分析了不同气候条件和降雨强度下降雨地表径流驱动下沉积物源热点的时空变异性。我们分析了4个季节情景和4个日情景,包括1个普通事件和3个极端事件,它们具有不同的回归周期(10年、30年和50年)。一个预先存在的基于多边形的地貌图被用来在空间上定义整个研究区域的沉积物来源。通过对地图属性进行定性评分,并以半定量的空间分布指数(包括坡度、多年冻土分布和基岩冻裂发生率)为支持,估算每个沉积物源的地貌潜力。利用基于数字地形模型的地貌学指数估算构造沉积物连通性。对于每种情景,使用降雨量校准指数计算沉积物输送潜力的代理,应用0°C的地表温度阈值来排除积雪覆盖地区。然后通过基于栅格的方程将所有组件集成,从而产生HOTSED模型。结果表明,在暖湿季节,特别是夏季和秋季,由于累积降雨量增加、热机械风化加剧以及地形高度对水流的控制增加,热点地区分布更加广泛,地貌活动更加活跃。该模型成功地识别了具有高触发危险级联过程潜力的热点拓扑序列。分析表明,即使是中等极端降雨(如10年重现期事件)也能显著放大灾害模式。这突出了识别和监测地貌反应的重要性,从而在气候条件变化的情况下适当管理高山流域的级联系统。
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引用次数: 0
Residual water bodies formed after thermokarst lake drainage in permafrost regions act as hot spots of nutrient and carbon cycling and greenhouse gas emissions 多年冻土区热岩溶湖排水后形成的残留水体是养分、碳循环和温室气体排放的热点。
IF 8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181532
Sergey V. Loiko , Artem G. Lim , Daria Kuzmina , Ivan V. Krickov , Rinat M. Manasypov , Boris G. Pokrovsky , Georgiy Istigechev , Oleg S. Pokrovsky
Drained thermokarst (thaw) lakes of permafrost regions represent potentially important but poorly constrained hot spots of greenhouse gas (GHG), carbon, and nutrient cycling. To elucidate the biogeochemistry of residual water bodies (RWB) formed after thermokarst lake drainage in permafrost peatlands, we measured dissolved CO₂ and CH₄ concentrations, CO₂ emissions, and dissolved (<0.45 μm) carbon, major, and trace element concentrations in the continuous and discontinuous permafrost zones of the Western Siberian Lowlands. Residual water bodies located within drained lake basins were examined across early and late successional stages. Carbon dioxide emissions from RWB surfaces ranged from 0.1 to 2.0 g C-CO₂ m−2 d−1 and did not exhibit systematic variation with successional stage or permafrost zone. In contrast, dissolved CO2 (200–1200 μmol L−1) and CH4 (1–30 μmol L−1) concentrations followed a consistent pattern of “Early stage > Late stage > Lake.” Partial mismatch between dissolved CO₂ concentrations and CO₂ fluxes arises because concentrations integrate longer-term biogeochemical processes, whereas fluxes respond to short-term physical controls on gas exchange. The isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13C-DIC; −14 to −28‰) indicated dominant DIC production from terrestrial organic matter (plants and peat), with additional contributions from in-lake biogeochemical processing and gas exchange. Labile and highly soluble components of lake water—including DIC, major ions (Na, Mg, Ca, Cl), nutrients (P, K, Si), redox-sensitive elements (Fe, Mn), and several trace elements (Co, Ni, Sr, Rb, Mo, As)—showed similar stage-dependent decreases in concentration. This pattern is attributed to intensive biogeochemical cycling driven by vegetation establishment and nutrient uptake on drained lake bottoms. In contrast, low-solubility lithogenic elements and several trace metals (e.g., Cr, V, Cu, Zn, Pb) showed no consistent successional trend, and in some cases increased from early to late stages, suggesting inputs from mineral sources via suprapermafrost inflow. Overall, residual water bodies formed after thermokarst lake drainage differ markedly from mature lakes in their carbon, GHG, and solute composition. Their biogeochemistry is primarily regulated by terrestrial vegetation succession and peat soil inputs, highlighting drained thermokarst lakes as critical yet underrepresented hot spots in Pan-Arctic carbon and nutrient cycling under ongoing climate warming.
永久冻土区的排水热岩溶(融)湖代表了潜在的重要热点,但对温室气体(GHG)、碳和养分循环的约束不足。为了阐明多年冻土泥炭地热岩溶湖排水后形成的残余水体(RWB)的生物地球化学特征,我们测量了溶解的CO₂和CH₄浓度、CO₂排放量和溶解的(-2 d-1),并没有显示出随演替阶段或冻土带的系统变化。CO2 (200 ~ 1200 μmol L-1)和CH4 (1 ~ 30 μmol L-1)浓度呈“早期>晚期>湖”的变化规律。溶解的CO₂浓度和CO₂通量之间存在部分不匹配,因为浓度整合了长期的生物地球化学过程,而通量响应气体交换的短期物理控制。溶解无机碳的同位素组成(δ13C-DIC, -14 ~ -28‰)表明DIC主要来自陆源有机质(植物和泥炭),湖内生物地球化学过程和气体交换也有贡献。湖水的易失性和高溶性组分,包括DIC、主要离子(Na、Mg、Ca、Cl)、营养物质(P、K、Si)、氧化还原敏感元素(Fe、Mn)和几种微量元素(Co、Ni、Sr、Rb、Mo、As),均呈现出相似的阶段依赖性浓度下降。这一模式是由排水湖底植被建立和养分吸收驱动的密集生物地球化学循环所致。而低溶解度的造岩元素和Cr、V、Cu、Zn、Pb等微量金属则表现出不一致的演替趋势,从早期到后期有所增加,表明矿物来源是通过上冻土流入进入的。总体而言,热岩溶湖排水后形成的残留水体在碳、温室气体和溶质组成方面与成熟湖泊存在显著差异。它们的生物地球化学主要受陆地植被演替和泥炭土输入的调节,这突出表明,在持续气候变暖的情况下,排水热岩溶湖是泛北极碳和养分循环的关键热点,但代表性不足。
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引用次数: 0
Agricultural nitrous oxide emissions across twenty years of micrometeorological observations show trends associated with soil freezing and fertilizer application 20年来的微气象观测显示了与土壤冻结和施肥有关的农业氧化亚氮排放趋势
IF 8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181535
Leah Brown , Ian B. Strachan , David E. Pelster , Stuart Admiral , Luc Pelletier , Brian Grant , Ward Smith , Elizabeth Pattey
Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) from agricultural soils can be substantial during the non-growing season (NGS; defined in Canada as November 1 to April 30) but this conclusion is supported by only limited observations. Year-round studies utilizing multi-year observations are needed to confirm NGS emission trends and link these emissions to drivers, thus enabling recommendations for improved management practices. This study addresses these needs by providing twenty years of quasi-continuous, micrometeorological observations of N2O from an agricultural field near Ottawa, Ontario, marginally gap-filled using the DeNitrification and DeComposition model (DNDCv.CAN). With these observations, we confirm two distinct N2O emission periods frequently observed at the site, each with its own environmental driver. The first occurs immediately following snowmelt (DOY 68 to 114), while the second follows N-fertilizer application (DOY 131 to 172). Nitrogen fertilization rate was the main driver of the second sustained emission event. The main driver of the spring thaw emissions was confirmed to be the number of soil cumulative freezing degree days (CFD), consistent with a previous study from other Canadian experimental sites. Although our data supported the previously published non-linear relationship of increasing NGS N2O emissions with CFD, we found that higher N2O emissions occurred under fewer CFD than previously reported. Our results show that nitrogen fertilizer application results in large, routine N2O fluxes post-application, while NGS emissions, particularly at spring snowmelt, are strongly related to CFD.
在非生长季节(NGS;在加拿大定义为11月1日至4月30日),农业土壤中氧化亚氮(N2O)的排放量可能很大,但这一结论仅得到有限观测结果的支持。需要利用多年观测进行全年研究,以确认NGS排放趋势,并将这些排放与驱动因素联系起来,从而提出改进管理做法的建议。本研究利用反硝化和分解模型(DNDCv.CAN)对安大略省渥太华附近农田的N2O进行了近20年的准连续微气象观测,以满足这些需求。通过这些观测,我们确认了两个不同的N2O排放周期,每个周期都有自己的环境驱动因素。第一次发生在融雪之后(DOY 68 ~ 114),第二次发生在施氮之后(DOY 131 ~ 172)。施氮量是第二次持续排放事件的主要驱动因素。春季融雪排放的主要驱动因素被证实是土壤累积冻结日数(CFD),这与之前加拿大其他试验点的研究结果一致。尽管我们的数据支持之前发表的NGS N2O排放量增加与CFD之间的非线性关系,但我们发现,在较低CFD条件下,N2O排放量比之前报道的要高。我们的研究结果表明,氮肥的施用导致了大量的常规N2O通量,而NGS排放,特别是在春季融雪时,与CFD密切相关。
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引用次数: 0
Acidic-alkaline shocks in vinasse fermentation shape methanogenesis and sulfate reduction dynamics 酒液发酵过程中的酸碱冲击影响甲烷生成和硫酸盐还原动力学。
IF 8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181556
André do Vale Borges , Lucas Tadeu Fuess , Henrique Dornelles , Paula Yumi Takeda , Flávia Talarico Saia , Renan Coghi Rogeri , Kaio Gustavo Gomes , Márcia Helena Rissato Zamariolli Damianovic
Efficient two-phase anaerobic digestion (2nd-AD) of sugarcane vinasse hinges on effectively suppressing methanogenesis within the initial sulfate-reducing stage (acidogenesis) to maximize downstream methane production and mitigate safety risks associated with H2S/CH4 co-production. This study investigates the strategic in-process application of sequential acidic and alkaline pH shocks to achieve this critical control. An anaerobic structured-bed reactor (AnSTBR), reactivated from prolonged storage (5 months) to mimic off-season conditions and test long-term system resilience, was fed with vinasse for 90 days at 30 °C across six operational stages. The results demonstrate that these pH shocks hindered the hydrogenotrophic and, mainly, acetoclastic methanogenesis, reducing methane content to 3% while restoring sulfidogenesis to 82% (Stage VI) even after the system returned to original conditions. This robust sulfate removal in high-rate fermentative systems yielded an effluent rich in acetate (>3.0 g-HAc L−1) with enhanced buffering capacity, ideal for subsequent acetoclastic methanogenesis. Microbial community analysis identified Desulfovibrio (28.69–49.38%) as the dominant and most active dissimilatory sulfate reducer, while Bacteroides (6.49–3.44%) and Aminobacterium (1.73–8.82%) were key acetate producers driving fermentative metabolism. This work establishes a novel operational strategy to efficiently modulate microbial pathways in vinasse biorefineries, advancing biogas production, environmental protection, and sustainable waste management.
甘蔗酒液的高效两相厌氧消化(2 - ad)取决于有效抑制初始硫酸盐还原阶段(酸生成)的甲烷生成,以最大限度地提高下游甲烷产量,并降低与H2S/CH4联产相关的安全风险。本研究探讨了连续的酸性和碱性pH冲击在过程中的策略性应用,以实现这一关键控制。厌氧结构床反应器(AnSTBR)从长时间储存(5个月)中重新启动,以模拟淡季条件并测试系统的长期弹性,在30°C的条件下,在六个操作阶段中添加酒糟,为期90天。结果表明,这些pH冲击阻碍了氢营养,主要是丙酮裂解产甲烷,即使在系统恢复到原始条件后,甲烷含量降至3%,而硫生成恢复到82%(阶段VI)。在高速率发酵系统中,这种强大的硫酸盐去除产生了富含乙酸(>3.0 g-HAc L-1)的废水,具有增强的缓冲能力,是后续醋酸裂解产甲烷的理想选择。微生物群落分析表明,Desulfovibrio(28.69 ~ 49.38%)是主要的和最活跃的异化硫酸盐还原菌,Bacteroides(6.49 ~ 3.44%)和Aminobacterium(1.73 ~ 8.82%)是主要的醋酸盐产生菌。本研究建立了一种新的操作策略,以有效地调节酒液生物精炼厂的微生物途径,促进沼气生产,环境保护和可持续废物管理。
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引用次数: 0
Source identification of sub-10 nm particles through air dispersion modeling 通过空气扩散模型识别10 nm以下颗粒的来源
IF 8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181520
Stephanie Bachman , Jonah Hazelwood , Lintong Cai , Markus Petters , Nicholas Meskhidze
Previously reported rooftop ambient aerosol measurements in Raleigh, NC, USA, detected episodic events where sub-10 nm particle number concentrations (PNC) exceeded 3.73 × 105 cm−3. Their small size and temporally stable modal diameter (sometimes persisting for days) indicated origins from nearby primary emission sources rather than mesoscale new particle formation (NPF) events. To investigate potential sources, simulations were conducted using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Gaussian plume-based model, AERMOD. Campus surveys and Google Earth analyses identified three candidate sources near the measurement site, including two combined heat and power (CHP) facilities with high-efficiency natural gas turbines and heat recovery steam generators that provide energy to NC State's campus. Distinct point sources were modeled for each facility using an emission factor of 5 × 10−4 g s−1. The study explored source contributions under varying micrometeorological conditions (e.g., wind speed, wind direction, solar radiation, and planetary boundary layer height). Wind pattern analysis revealed distinct plumes from individual power plants reaching the receptor site. Statistical analyses confirmed wind direction and speed as the strongest predictors of modeled mass concentrations, and that observed PNC profiles during NPF and particle burst events are fundamentally distinct. Exceptionally high sub-10 nm particle growth rates were observed during plume transport, averaging 104–120 nm hr−1. These findings reveal that expanding deployment of CHPs for distributed power generation may pose unrecognized health risks through sub-10 nm particle emissions with demonstrated respiratory and neurological impacts. New emission standards may be needed to address ultrafine particle production from natural gas combustion technologies.
先前报道的美国北卡罗来纳州罗利的屋顶环境气溶胶测量检测到10纳米以下颗粒数浓度(PNC)超过3.73 × 105 cm−3的偶发性事件。它们的小尺寸和暂时稳定的模态直径(有时持续数天)表明它们起源于附近的主要排放源,而不是中尺度新粒子形成(NPF)事件。为了调查潜在的来源,使用美国环境保护局基于高斯羽流的模型AERMOD进行了模拟。校园调查和谷歌地球分析确定了测量地点附近的三个候选来源,包括两个热电联产(CHP)设施,配备高效天然气涡轮机和热回收蒸汽发生器,为北卡罗来纳州立大学校园提供能源。使用5 × 10−4 g s−1的发射因子对每个设施的不同点源进行建模。该研究探讨了不同微气象条件(如风速、风向、太阳辐射和行星边界层高度)下的源贡献。风型分析显示不同的羽流从各个发电厂到达受体位置。统计分析证实,风向和风速是模拟质量浓度的最强预测因子,在NPF和粒子爆发事件期间观测到的PNC曲线是根本不同的。在羽流迁移过程中,观察到异常高的低于10 nm的颗粒生长速率,平均为104-120 nm hr -1。这些研究结果表明,扩大热电联产分布式发电的部署可能会通过低于10纳米的颗粒排放造成未被识别的健康风险,并显示出对呼吸和神经系统的影响。可能需要新的排放标准来解决天然气燃烧技术产生的超细颗粒问题。
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引用次数: 0
Editor's note to “Study of carbon metabolic processes and their spatial distribution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration” [Sci. Total Environ. 645, (2018), Pages 1630–1642] 编者注:《京津冀城市群碳代谢过程及其空间分布研究》[Sci。环境科学,645,(2018),第1630-1642页]
IF 8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181572
Yan Zhang , Qiong Wu , Xinyue Zhao , Yan Hao , Ruimin Liu , Zhifeng Yang
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引用次数: 0
Editor's note to “Predicting Cd(II) adsorption capacity of biochar materials using typical machine learning models for effective remediation of aquatic environments” [Science of the Total Environment, 944, (2024), 173955] 编者按:“利用典型的机器学习模型预测生物炭材料对Cd(II)的吸附能力,以有效修复水生环境”[j] .全环境科学,944,(2024),173955。
IF 8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181569
Long Chen , Jian Hu , Fangfang Wu
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure to urban birds of Ahmedabad, India: Accumulation patterns, toxicological implications, source, and HPLC method validation 印度艾哈迈达巴德城市鸟类多环芳烃优先暴露评估:积累模式、毒理学意义、来源和HPLC方法验证
IF 8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181539
Kanthan Nambirajan , Subramanian Muralidharan
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are recognized as environmental threats because of their carcinogenic and mutagenic nature, widespread distribution, and potential for bioaccumulation in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Despite their relevance, limited data exist on PAH contamination in terrestrial birds, particularly in urban environments of developing countries like India. This study aimed to optimize and validate a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for quantifying 15 priority PAHs listed by the US EPA and apply it to assess PAH residues in the tissues of six bird species from Ahmedabad, a densely populated and industrialized city in western India. The method demonstrated high precision, recovery, and sensitivity with LOQ ranged from 0.30 to 1.0 ng/g. Tissues (liver, kidney, muscle) from 37 individual birds representing six species were analysed. All birds studied had at least one PAH; however, the six-ring compounds indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene and benzo[g,h,i]perylene were not detected in any sample. Naphthalene (100%), phenanthrene (93%), and fluoranthene (46%) were the most frequently detected PAHs. Overall, distribution pattern indicates a dominance of low molecular weight PAHs in bird tissues. Source diagnostic ratios (PHE/ANT = 3.46; FLA/PYR = 6.46; FLA/(FLA + PYR) = 0.86) tentatively suggested a predominance of pyrogenic inputs associated with urban combustion sources; however, further studies are required to confirm source attribution, as these ratios were originally developed for abiotic matrices. Among the species examined, the Blue Rock Pigeon Columba livia showed among the higher total PAH burdens and, given its abundance in urban environments, close association with human activity, and ease of sampling, may serve as a practical bioindicator for PAH contamination. While the concentrations observed were below known toxicity thresholds, their consistent presence in multiple species suggests chronic exposure. These findings highlight the need for continued biomonitoring and targeted environmental management strategies to assess and mitigate long-term ecological risks associated with PAHs in urban Indian landscapes.
多环芳烃(PAHs)具有致癌性和诱变性,分布广泛,在水生和陆地生态系统中具有潜在的生物蓄积性,因此被认为是环境威胁。尽管它们具有相关性,但关于陆生鸟类中多环芳烃污染的数据有限,特别是在印度等发展中国家的城市环境中。本研究旨在优化和验证一种高效液相色谱(HPLC)方法,用于定量美国环保局列出的15种重点多环芳烃,并将其应用于印度西部人口稠密的工业化城市艾哈迈达巴德6种鸟类组织中的多环芳烃残留评估。该方法精密度高,回收率高,灵敏度高,定量限为0.30 ~ 1.0 ng/g。研究人员分析了来自6种37只鸟类的组织(肝脏、肾脏、肌肉)。所有被研究的鸟类都至少有一种多环芳烃;而六环化合物茚[1,2,3-cd]芘和苯并[g,h,i]苝均未检出。萘(100%)、菲(93%)和氟蒽(46%)是检出最多的多环芳烃。总体而言,分布格局表明低分子量多环芳烃在鸟类组织中占主导地位。来源诊断比率(PHE/ANT = 3.46; FLA/PYR = 6.46; FLA/(FLA + PYR) = 0.86)初步表明,与城市燃烧源相关的热原输入占主导地位;然而,需要进一步的研究来确认来源归属,因为这些比率最初是为非生物基质开发的。在研究的物种中,蓝岩鸽(Columba livia)显示出较高的多环芳烃总负荷,并且考虑到其在城市环境中的丰度,与人类活动密切相关,并且易于采样,可能作为多环芳烃污染的实用生物指标。虽然观察到的浓度低于已知的毒性阈值,但它们在多个物种中的持续存在表明长期暴露。这些发现强调需要持续的生物监测和有针对性的环境管理战略,以评估和减轻印度城市景观中与多环芳烃相关的长期生态风险。
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引用次数: 0
The role of pumping and turnover in controlling microplastics entrapment and release in sand-bed rivers 泵送和周转在控制微塑料在砂床河流中的捕获和释放中的作用。
IF 8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181544
Nerea Portillo De Arbeloa , Daniele Tonina , Alessandra Marzadri
The dynamic interaction between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems through streams and rivers plays a crucial role in the transport and transformation of passive and reactive solutes, including nutrients and Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs). Among these, microplastics (MP) have received increasing attention due to their toxicity and possible impact on the transport and fate of other pollutants and CECs. While previous research has examined hyporheic exchange induced by pumping (due to near-bed head variation), the additional influence of dune migration (turnover) on MP dynamics remains poorly quantified. Here, we introduce a semi-analytical framework that couples transient hyporheic flow fields with particle transport to evaluate MP fate under the combined effects of pumping and turnover (PT). The model captures streamline pathways and solves the advection–dispersion–reaction equation with path-dependent advection, dispersion, retardation, and sorption terms. Results show that dune PT substantially alters hyporheic flow organization, shifting upwelling and downwelling fluxes, redistributing residence times, and modulating burial depth from pumping alone. PT accelerates early MP release (5th–30th percentiles) but also enhances deep retention under certain dune sizes and flow conditions, highlighting a nonlinear interplay between shallow rapid exchange and deep burial.
陆地和水生生态系统之间通过溪流和河流的动态相互作用在被动和活性溶质的运输和转化中起着至关重要的作用,包括营养物质和新出现的关注污染物(CECs)。其中,微塑料(MP)因其毒性和可能影响其他污染物和ces的运输和命运而受到越来越多的关注。虽然以前的研究已经研究了泵送(由于近床水头变化)引起的低循环交换,但沙丘迁移(周转)对MP动力学的额外影响仍然很少量化。在此,我们引入了一个耦合瞬态次流场和粒子输运的半解析框架,以评估泵送和周转(PT)联合作用下的MP命运。该模型捕获流线路径,并求解与路径相关的平流、分散、延迟和吸收项的平流-分散-反应方程。结果表明,单靠泵送,沙丘PT显著改变了潜流组织,改变了上升流和下升流通量,重新分配了停留时间,并调节了埋深。在一定沙丘大小和水流条件下,PT加速了早期MP释放(5 -30个百分位数),但也增强了深层保留,突出了浅层快速交换与深层埋藏之间的非线性相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
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Science of the Total Environment
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