Science of the Total Environment最新文献_第3页

A review of post-wildfire adaptations of surface-water-quality models: Synthesis, gaps, and opportunities

IF 8.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179435

Zachary M. Shephard , Trevor F. Partridge , Sheila F. Murphy , Michelle A. Walvoord , Brian A. Ebel

As wildfires increasingly affect water-supply watersheds, the demand for models to predict water-quality responses is increasing. This work reviews and synthesizes existing post-wildfire applications of water-quality models in the context of geographic and ecohydrological distribution, hydrologic and water-quality response process representation, model parameterization, model and input data scales, model calibration data availability, as well as calibration and performance evaluation approaches. Emphasis is placed on models that simulate water-quality output, rather than sediment and erosional response as the primary focus. Here, identified gaps and opportunities to advance the post-wildfire application of water-quality models include: 1. applying models in under-represented geographic and ecohydrologic regions, 2. simulating multiple streamflow generation mechanisms, including groundwater, with an emphasis on shifting dominant flow pathways as the landscape recovers following wildfire, 3. adding studies that include the simulation of metals, 4. incorporating more biogeochemical and in-stream processes to model applications, 5. applying finer spatial and temporal resolution of precipitation data input as well as finer spatial resolution hydrologic response units, 6. implementing fully distributed grid or element models or finer resolution response units to capture burn severity heterogeneity, 7. collecting enhanced water-quality data for model calibration and validation, 8. conducting model-intercomparison studies, and 9. developing model parameter value guidance in post-wildfire applications. These identified gaps and opportunities may assist users in deciding on key processes and approaches to consider in modeling post-wildfire water-quality conditions.

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引用次数: 0

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the major rivers of Korea: Distribution in the environment and bioaccumulation in crucian carp fish

IF 8.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179483

Mai Duc Hung , Nguyen Thi Nga , Hyeon Ji Jung , Yu-Jin Shin , Byoung-Cheun Lee , Hyeon Seo Cho

The concentration of thirteen PFASs in water (n = 21), sediment (n = 21) and crucian carp fish muscle samples (n = 57) collected from three major rivers of Korea, including Namhan River, Yeongsan River and Nakdong River in June 2019 were determined to assess the potential risk of PFASs to aquatic life using bio-accumulation factor (BAF). The mean PFASs concentration in water (ng/L) were in order Nakdong River (69.63) > Yeongsan River (51.47) > Namhan River (13.30). The detection frequency rate of the long-chain PFASs, include PFHxA, PFOA and PFOS were high in river water samples. The PFASs in sediment samples were observed at low concentrations (<2 ng/g dw) in three rivers. The sediment/water partition coefficient (K_d) values of PFHpA were greatest in three rivers. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of PFHxA, PFUnDA and PFHpA were dominant in crucian carp fish samples. However, all the BAF levels for the carp samples were found to be <2000 (L/kg). Although the BAF values in crucian carp fish did not exceed the bioaccumulative level, several high long-chain PFASs concentrations were observed in water samples from surrounding hotspot sampling sites in Nakdong and Yeongsan River. Further study and monitoring of PFASs in various fish species and/or trophic level investigations are necessary to assess the impact of these pollutants on the river ecosystems.

{"title":"Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the major rivers of Korea: Distribution in the environment and bioaccumulation in crucian carp fish","authors":"Mai Duc Hung , Nguyen Thi Nga , Hyeon Ji Jung , Yu-Jin Shin , Byoung-Cheun Lee , Hyeon Seo Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concentration of thirteen PFASs in water (<em>n</em> = 21), sediment (n = 21) and crucian carp fish muscle samples (<em>n</em> = 57) collected from three major rivers of Korea, including Namhan River, Yeongsan River and Nakdong River in June 2019 were determined to assess the potential risk of PFASs to aquatic life using bio-accumulation factor (BAF). The mean PFASs concentration in water (ng/L) were in order Nakdong River (69.63) > Yeongsan River (51.47) > Namhan River (13.30). The detection frequency rate of the long-chain PFASs, include PFHxA, PFOA and PFOS were high in river water samples. The PFASs in sediment samples were observed at low concentrations (<2 ng/g dw) in three rivers. The sediment/water partition coefficient (K<sub>d</sub>) values of PFHpA were greatest in three rivers. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of PFHxA, PFUnDA and PFHpA were dominant in crucian carp fish samples. However, all the BAF levels for the carp samples were found to be <2000 (L/kg). Although the BAF values in crucian carp fish did not exceed the bioaccumulative level, several high long-chain PFASs concentrations were observed in water samples from surrounding hotspot sampling sites in Nakdong and Yeongsan River. Further study and monitoring of PFASs in various fish species and/or trophic level investigations are necessary to assess the impact of these pollutants on the river ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"979 ","pages":"Article 179483"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lake restoration techniques: A review of methods and future pathways

IF 8.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179450

J.A. Dunalska

The aim of this study was to focus on restoration techniques that have been extensively researched and found to be applicable to aquatic ecosystems and those that are in the conceptual or experimental stage. A description of the method is presented objectively and the factors that may favour or hinder achieving sustainable improvements in water quality are detailed. All the information is tabulated as a compendium of knowledge not only for scientists, but also for water managers and lake users. On the basis of the analysis of the review material, an optimisation of restoration methods involving the implementation of hybrid systems is proposed. The proposed solutions consist of combining restoration techniques in the lake with nature-based solutions in the lakeshore zone (e.g. high-performance buffer zones). This approach makes it possible to reduce external sources of pollution and thus provides an opportunity to optimise existing solutions. This is important from the point of view of the environmental and economic/social effect. Achieving a high environmental quality, improves the health and well-being of society and creates opportunities for personal and social development. Future restoration requires not only proven engineering and biological methods, but also a holistic approach that encourages all sections of society to become actively involved in water monitoring and restoration programmes.

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引用次数: 0

Raw sheep wool contamination with bisphenol A and parabens. An assessment of interregional differences 生羊毛中的双酚 A 和对羟基苯甲酸酯污染。地区间差异评估

IF 8.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179489

Sławomir Gonkowski , Julia Martin , Nariste Kadyralieva , Irene Aparicio , Juan Luis Santos , Esteban Alonso , Liliana Rytel

The objective of this work is to investigate for the first time the contamination of raw wool with endocrine disruptor compounds - bisphenol A (BPA) and parabens (PBs), as well as to conduct the first biomonitoring study on long-term sheep exposure to these substances. The levels of BPA, methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP), propylparaben (PrP) and butylparaben (BuP) were evaluated in wool samples (n = 100) from Kyrgyzstan and Poland using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. The highest levels were noted for BPA (range: 46.9–502 ng/g, mean 132 ± 70.5 ng/g) and MeP (range: 3.4 ng/g–71.1 ng/g, mean 19.9 ± 13.8 ng/g). Lower levels were found for EtP (range: <method quantification level (MQL) – 3.9 ng/g, mean 1.3 ± 0.7 ng/g), and levels of PrP and BuP did not exceed the MQL level in any sample. Differences in BPA, MeP and EtP levels between animals from Kyrgyzstan and Poland were noted. Some differences were also found between animals from places located close to each other in the same country. The results indicate that sheep are subject to long-term exposure to BPA and PBs, which depends on the local factors and likely negatively affect the animal's health status. This study highlights for the first time that raw natural sheep wool may be contaminated with BPA and PBs during the animal's life and, therefore, may be a potential source of human exposure to these substances.

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引用次数: 0

Sources and components of fine air pollution exposure and brain morphology in preadolescents

IF 8.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179448

Kirthana Sukumaran , Katherine L. Bottenhorn , Michael A. Rosario , Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez , Rima Habre , Shermaine Abad , Joel Schwartz , Daniel A. Hackman , J.C. Chen , Megan M. Herting

Air pollution is an emerging novel neurotoxicant during childhood and adolescence. However, little is known regarding how fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) components and its sources impact brain morphology. We investigated air pollution exposure-related differences in brain morphology using cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging data from 10,095 children ages 9–11 years-old enrolled in the United States' Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study [2016–2018]. Air pollution estimates included fifteen PM_2.5 constituent chemicals and metals, and six major sources of PM_2.5 (e.g., crustal materials, biomass burning, traffic) identified from prior source apportionment, as well as nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and ozone (O₃). After adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and neuroimaging covariates, we used partial least squares analyses to identify associations between simultaneous co-exposures and morphological differences in cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volumes. We found that greater exposure to PM_2.5 and NO₂ was associated with decreases in frontal and increases in inferior temporal surface area. PM_2.5 component and source analyses linked cortical surface area and thickness to biomass burning (e.g., organic carbon, potassium), crustal material (e.g., calcium, silicon), and traffic (e.g., copper, iron) exposures, while smaller subcortical volumes were linked to greater potassium exposure. This is the first study to show differential effects of several air pollution sources on development of children's brains. Significant associations were found in brain structures involved in several cognitive and social processes, including lower- and higher-order sensory processing, socioemotional behaviors, and executive functioning. These findings highlight differential effects of several air pollution sources on brain structure in preadolescents across the U.S.

空气污染是儿童和青少年时期一种新出现的神经毒物。然而，人们对细颗粒物（PM2.5）成分及其来源如何影响大脑形态知之甚少。我们利用参加美国青少年大脑认知发展研究（Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study）[2016-2018]的 10095 名 9-11 岁儿童的横断面磁共振成像数据，调查了与空气污染暴露相关的大脑形态差异。空气污染估计值包括15种PM2.5成分化学物质和金属，以及从先前的来源分摊中确定的PM2.5的6种主要来源（如地壳材料、生物质燃烧、交通），以及二氧化氮（NO2）和臭氧（O3）。在对人口、社会经济和神经影像学协变量进行调整后，我们使用偏最小二乘法分析来确定同时共同暴露与皮层厚度、表面积和皮层下体积形态差异之间的关联。我们发现，更多地暴露于 PM2.5 和二氧化氮与额叶表面积的减少和下颞叶表面积的增加有关。PM2.5成分和来源分析将皮层表面积和厚度与生物质燃烧（如有机碳、钾）、地壳物质（如钙、硅）和交通（如铜、铁）暴露联系起来，而皮层下体积较小与钾暴露较多有关。这是第一项显示多种空气污染源对儿童大脑发育产生不同影响的研究。研究发现，涉及多个认知和社会过程的大脑结构存在显著关联，包括低阶和高阶感官处理、社会情感行为和执行功能。这些发现凸显了几种空气污染源对美国青少年大脑结构的不同影响。

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引用次数: 0

Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in sediments and wastewater treatment plant-derived biosolids from Ireland

IF 8.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179380

Yulong Ma , Martin Sharkey , Ann Marie Coggins , Will Stubbings , Mark G. Healy , Stuart Harrad

Concentrations of 39 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are reported in 120 inland and transitional sediments from Ireland. We also report concentrations in 21 samples of biosolids from seven Irish wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs; n = 3 from each). This is the first report of the presence (% detection frequency) in sediments of: perfluroroundecane sulfonate (PFUdS) (7.4 %), perflurorododecane sulfonate (PFDoS) (8.6 %), perfluorotridecane sulfonate (PFTrDS) (7.4 %), 11-chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxaundecane-1-sulfonate (11Cl-PF3OUdS or 8:2 Cl-PFESA) (7.4 %), and 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate (9Cl-PF3ONS or 6:2 Cl-PFESA) (2.5 %) and of the following in biosolids: PFDoS (24 %), PFTrDS (38 %), and perfluoroethylcyclohexane sulfonate (PFECHS) (38 %). Concentrations of all target PFAS in biosolids exceed significantly (p < 0.05) those in sediments. Moreover, the relative abundance of different PFAS classes differs markedly. In sediments, perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) dominate (on average 55 % ΣPFAS), while in biosolids, PFCAs constitute on average 26 % ΣPFAS, with perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) the main group (37 % ΣPFAS). This suggests PFAS in Irish sediments are a complex integral of many sources, of which WWTPs are just one. Concentrations in sediments were assessed for ecotoxicity by comparison with predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) values promulgated by the NORMAN network. In general, concentrations detected are well below PNECs. However, the PNEC for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is exceeded for most sediments. While overall, novel PFAS (nPFAS) like sodium 2,2,3-trifluor-3-(1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-trifluormethoxypropoxy) propionate (ADONA), PFECHS, and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid (HFPO-DA aka Gen-X) are present in low abundance in biosolids and sediments; 11Cl-PF3OUdS (90 % ΣPFAS) dominates one sediment, while two other sediments contain Gen-X at 59 and 69 % ΣPFAS respectively. This suggests unidentified local sources of these nPFAS at those sites.

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引用次数: 0

Isotopic evidence for long-term behaviour of fuel-derived uranium in soils of the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone

IF 8.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179408

Maria Izquierdo , Elizabeth Bailey , Neil Crout , Sergii Gashchak , Andrei Maksimenko , Scott Young , George Shaw

The accident at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (Ukraine) resulted in extremely high contamination in adjacent areas and radioactive plumes transported further afield. A distinctive feature was the direct release of uranium-rich reactor fuel fragments i.e. ‘hot particles’ to the environment. However, the fate of uranium in terrestrial ecosystems is poorly known in relation to short-lived radionuclides. We investigated the long-term behaviour of nuclear reactor particles across a range of soils and land-use types in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone, a unique natural laboratory, following a well-defined pulse injection that can be precisely dated to the accident in 1986. We present autoradiographic evidence of the remains of fuel fragments in soils from moderate-to-highly contaminated areas. These discrete particles are still present after decades of weathering. Fuel particles have undergone limited vertical redistribution and are primarily located in topsoils, acting as non-uniformly distributed point sources of radioactive contamination. We also present data on ²³⁴U, ²³⁵U, ²³⁶U and ²³⁸U in topsoils and subsoils. Their concentrations were in general slightly higher in topsoils, particularly in soil profiles closer to the reactor; however the spatial distribution was extremely heterogeneous. A clear preponderance of ²³⁵U/²³⁸U ratios above natural values indicated the presence of fuel-derived uranium in the majority of topsoils. This was further confirmed by higher ²³⁴U/²³⁸U ratios in the most contaminated sites. The strongest evidence was provided by ²³⁶U/²³⁸U ratios, which were several orders of magnitude higher than native values in a number of soils. Differences in the isotopic composition of different solid fractionation extractions suggest that full equilibration between native and reactor-derived uranium has not been achieved on a decadal time-scale due to slow hot particle weathering rates. Estimations from ²³⁶U/²³⁸U ratios suggest that 7–77 % of the readily exchangeable uranium in soils was derived from spent fuel, whilst this source only accounted for 3–52 % of the total uranium in soil. Thus, isotopically enriched and irradiated uranium retains a greater potential to migrate, enter the trophic chain and interact with the ecosystem in the long-term than native uranium.

切尔诺贝利核电站（乌克兰）事故导致邻近地区受到极高程度的污染，放射性烟羽被传播到更远的地方。一个显著特点是富铀反应堆燃料碎片（即 "热颗粒"）直接释放到环境中。然而，人们对铀在陆地生态系统中与短寿命放射性核素相关的归宿知之甚少。切尔诺贝利禁区是一个独特的天然实验室，我们调查了核反应堆微粒在这里的一系列土壤和土地利用类型中的长期行为。我们展示了中度到高度污染地区土壤中燃料碎片残留的自显影证据。经过几十年的风化，这些离散颗粒依然存在。燃料颗粒经历了有限的垂直再分布，主要位于表层土壤中，成为非均匀分布的放射性污染点源。我们还提供了表土和底土中 234U、235U、236U 和 238U 的数据。它们在表层土壤中的浓度一般略高，尤其是在靠近反应堆的土壤剖面中；但空间分布极为不均匀。235U/238U 比率明显高于自然值，表明大多数表层土壤中存在燃料衍生铀。在污染最严重的地点，234U/238U 比率较高，进一步证实了这一点。236U/238U 比值提供了最有力的证据，在一些土壤中，236U/238U 比值比天然值高出几个数量级。不同固体分馏提取物同位素组成的差异表明，由于热颗粒风化速度缓慢，原生铀和反应堆衍生铀之间在十年时间尺度内尚未实现完全平衡。根据 236U/238U 比率估算，土壤中 7-77% 的易交换铀来自乏燃料，而这一来源只占土壤中铀总量的 3-52%。因此，与本地铀相比，同位素富集铀和辐照铀保留了更大的迁移、进入营养链并与生态系统长期相互作用的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrological and geochemical controls of surface water and suspended sediment toxic metal fluxes from nearshore large coal ash pond

IF 8.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179411

Stephen Anderson , Natasha T. Dimova , Dini Adyasari

Toxic metals leached from ash coal ponds can pose a severe hazard to waterways and coastal areas. Observed toxic metal levels in surface waters near the largest ash pond in the Mobile-Tensaw Delta, Alabama, were the result of the interplay of multiple factors, including the specific chemical properties of individual metals and in situ environmental conditions driven by seasonal hydrological controls and flooding versus non-flooding conditions. We found that erosion and sediment resuspension after a significant rain event and flooding resulted in nearly double increase of major and trace metal concentrations in surface waters compared to non-flooding conditions. However, aluminium-iron (AlFe) co-precipitation and flocculation also controlled trace metal levels in surface water, especially during the dry season when seawater with higher pH and salinity from Mobile Bay propagated upstream. The highest arsenic (As) content in suspended sediments (44.6 mg/kg) was found near the Coal Power plant's discharge channel during the dry season. This level is similar to legacy contaminations found following the Kingston, TN ash spill (10 to 57 mg/kg). Higher river flow was associated with higher suspended sediment and suspended sediment-bound trace metal fluxes. However, when analyzing contaminated sediments near the ash pond, trace metal fluxes during the dry season exceeded the wet season, and ultimately, enrichment of As and Cd was observed near the discharge channel. These findings aim to promote research in similar environments impacted by coal ash and to more comprehensively understand the relationship between toxic metals' partitioning and seasonal environmental conditions within the Mobile-Tensaw Delta.

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引用次数: 0

Cascading droughts: Exploring global propagation of meteorological to hydrological droughts (1971–2001)

IF 8.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179486

Amit Kumar , Simon N. Gosling , Matthew F. Johnson , Matthew D. Jones , Albert Nkwasa , Aristeidis Koutroulis , Hannes Müller Schmied , Hong-Yi Li , Hyungjun Kim , Naota Hanasaki , Rohini Kumar , Wim Thiery , Yadu Pokhrel

An understanding of the spatiotemporal behaviour of Meteorological drought (MD) and Hydrological drought (HD) is crucial for analysing how drought propagation occurs. Here, drought events were treated as three-dimensional grid structures spanning space (latitude and longitude) and time. 31 years (1971–2001) of global MD and HD events were analysed for evidence of propagation, and the most severe 20 MD events explored in detail. From the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) data archive, precipitation data was used for identifying MD events and an ensemble of simulated runoff from several global hydrological models used for detecting HD events. A technique was developed based on overlapping of the spatial and temporal coverage of MD and HD events, to establish propagation, and to calculate several propagation features. In three dimensions, the transformation from MD to HD was characterised based on delayed instigation, elongated duration, and dampened intensity of the HD event. Additionally, pooling of MD events that resulted in one or multiple branched HD events were identified. Results indicate that minor MD events with short durations and small areas generally do not exhibit propagation. The frequency of HD events with drought duration of 6–12-months is higher than that of MD events with 6–12-month duration. Out of 1740 extreme MD events identified for the 31-year period, 272 events propagated and resulted in 395 extreme HD events. Propagation features for the 20 most severe MD events show substantial variation based on geographical location highlighting the influence of regional climatic and hydrological conditions. This study advances the understanding of global drought propagation mechanisms by addressing key methodological challenges and providing a structured framework for future large-scale drought assessments.

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引用次数: 0

Application of the application of the compact and useful PM2.5 instrument with gas sensors (CUPI-G) for high temporal and spatial resolution monitoring with weather factor integration

IF 8.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179361

Anuva Bhowmick , Suwanna Kitpati Boontanon , Louise Olsen-Kettle , Yali Li , Narin Boontanon , Yosuke Sakamoto , Kentaro Murano , Yoshizumi Kajii , Ranjna Jindal

Low-cost air pollution sensors have emerged as promising tools for monitoring air quality with high temporal and spatial resolution, especially in suburban areas of developed countries that are transitioning towards urbanization where air quality can vary significantly. The motivation for this research is to develop affordable, portable air quality sensors for suburban areas with limited access to expensive traditional monitoring equipment. This study utilized the Compact and Useful PM

_{2.5}

Instrument with gas sensors (CUPI-G), a low-cost device designed to monitor PM

_{2.5}

, CO, NO, NO

_{2}

, and O

_{x}

(from which O

_{3}

was calculated). The high temporal resolution data in Kyoto, Japan, averaged over 31 s, revealed seasonal variations in pollutant levels. O

_{3}

and CO concentrations were highest in summer, at 29.28 ppb and 95.33 ppb, respectively, and lowest in autumn, with values of 20.03 ppb for O

_{3}

and 81.18 ppb for CO. Conversely, PM

_{2.5}

levels were lowest in summer (4.95 μg/m

^{3}

) and highest in autumn (5.08 μg/m

^{3}

). Nearly a month of spatial analysis in three different areas (defined as residential, road, and educational) showed PM

_{2.5}

concentrations were highest in residential areas, averaging hourly 21.53 μg/m

^{3}

, while CO and O

_{3}

levels were elevated near roadways, with concentrations of 188.02 ppb, and 46.62 ppb, respectively. This research innovatively employed low-cost sensor technology to deliver high-resolution air quality data and demonstrated that wind speed and direction along with temperature were significant factors contributing to suburban air pollution, providing insights into potential pollution sources, and meteorological risk factors for elevated pollution levels.

低成本空气污染传感器已成为具有高时间和空间分辨率的空气质量监测工具，特别是在发达国家向城市化过渡的郊区，那里的空气质量可能会有很大变化。这项研究的动机是为郊区开发经济实惠的便携式空气质量传感器，因为这些地区难以获得昂贵的传统监测设备。这项研究使用了带气体传感器的紧凑实用 PM2.5 仪器（CUPI-G），这是一种低成本设备，设计用于监测 PM2.5、CO、NO、NO2 和 Ox（通过计算得出 O3）。日本京都的高时间分辨率数据平均为 31 秒，显示了污染物水平的季节性变化。夏季的 O3 和 CO 浓度最高，分别为 29.28 ppb 和 95.33 ppb，秋季最低，O3 为 20.03 ppb，CO 为 81.18 ppb。相反，PM2.5 水平在夏季最低（4.95 微克/立方米），在秋季最高（5.08 微克/立方米）。在三个不同区域（定义为居住区、道路和教育区）近一个月的空间分析表明，居住区的 PM2.5 浓度最高，平均每小时 21.53 μg/m3 ，而道路附近的 CO 和 O3 浓度较高，分别为 188.02 ppb 和 46.62 ppb。这项研究创新性地采用了低成本传感器技术来提供高分辨率的空气质量数据，并证明风速、风向和温度是造成郊区空气污染的重要因素，为潜在污染源和污染水平升高的气象风险因素提供了启示。

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引用次数: 0