Pub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179416
Emily Brown , Brian P.V. Hunt
The movement of water from land to the ocean serves as a major biogeochemical link between terrestrial and marine systems, through which terrestrial disturbances can impact freshwater quality and coastal oceans. Wildfire is a major terrestrial disturbance, however its influence on water quality in large freshwater systems and the ocean is understudied. As anthropogenic pressures change fire regimes globally, it is important that this connection is better understood. The Fraser River's basin has significant wildfire history, and the Fraser River has major influence on its receiving waters of the Salish Sea, making this an ideal system in which to investigate the influence of fire on water quality from freshwater to the ocean. This study assessed cumulative impacts of wildfire on Fraser River water quality using historical water quality and fire data. Wildfire in the Fraser River basin explained up to 16.3 % of variance in water quality, and fires burning closer to major waterways had immediate influence on water quality, while farther away wildfires had a delayed influence on water quality. For water quality variables of particular importance in the Salish Sea, wildfire was linked to short term decreases in the riverine concentrations of some constituents, and delayed increases in the concentrations of nearly all assessed water quality variables. These findings have implications for coastal ocean productivity and contamination, and identify fire as an important agent of biogeochemical cycling between land and ocean.
{"title":"Cumulative effects of fire in the Fraser River basin on freshwater quality and implications for the Salish Sea","authors":"Emily Brown , Brian P.V. Hunt","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The movement of water from land to the ocean serves as a major biogeochemical link between terrestrial and marine systems, through which terrestrial disturbances can impact freshwater quality and coastal oceans. Wildfire is a major terrestrial disturbance, however its influence on water quality in large freshwater systems and the ocean is understudied. As anthropogenic pressures change fire regimes globally, it is important that this connection is better understood. The Fraser River's basin has significant wildfire history, and the Fraser River has major influence on its receiving waters of the Salish Sea, making this an ideal system in which to investigate the influence of fire on water quality from freshwater to the ocean. This study assessed cumulative impacts of wildfire on Fraser River water quality using historical water quality and fire data. Wildfire in the Fraser River basin explained up to 16.3 % of variance in water quality, and fires burning closer to major waterways had immediate influence on water quality, while farther away wildfires had a delayed influence on water quality. For water quality variables of particular importance in the Salish Sea, wildfire was linked to short term decreases in the riverine concentrations of some constituents, and delayed increases in the concentrations of nearly all assessed water quality variables. These findings have implications for coastal ocean productivity and contamination, and identify fire as an important agent of biogeochemical cycling between land and ocean.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"978 ","pages":"Article 179416"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143837759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179296
D. Bhavana , A. Rooha Tej , G. Jyothi Swaroop , Ramesh Kumar Mojjada , Abdul Azeez Pokkathappada , Suresh Kumar Mojjada , Swathi Lekshmi Perumal Sundaram , Aarsha Subramanian , Prachi Siddharth Bagde , Mayur Shivdas Tade , T.S. Ramshad , Dhanush Janarthanan , Muktha Menon , Suresh Vettath Raghavan , Grinson George , D. Divu , Devanaboyina Venkata Ratnam
Seaweeds play a pivotal role in global ecology contributing significantly to biodiversity conservation and coastal habitat of marine ecosystems. In particular, natural seaweed beds are increasingly vulnerable to climate change and commercial exploitation, necessitate the effective monitoring, especially given the extensive coastlines. Thus, this study presents a novel framework that integrates remote sensing, image processing techniques, and on-site validation methods to standardize indices for seaweed cover changes and abundance detection across three selected natural coastal seaweed beds along the biodiversity-rich North-West Coast of India. We introduce a novel in-situ validation method to assess seaweed abundance while standardizing three remote sensing indices i.e. the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Floating Algae Index (FAI), and the Seaweed Enhancing Index (SEI). By correlating ground-truth measurements of seaweed biomass with values derived from remote sensing indices, we enable detailed estimations of both presence and abundance. Our findings reveal that the natural seaweed beds along the Veraval coast exhibit the highest levels of vegetation cover, followed by other selected sites at Kelwa and Porbandar, with robust correlations observed across all indices. Notably, the SEI demonstrated superior accuracy in identifying seaweed habitats compared to NDVI and FAI. Ground-truth validation substantiates the reliability of our results, signifying positive correlations between the index outputs and actual seaweed abundance. Also, this study establishes a robust framework for future research by introducing indices standardization methodologies for remote sensing and image processing of seaweed habitats. By demonstrating the efficacy of in-situ validation and grid-based assessments, we have effectively quantified seaweed density and distribution. Furthermore, the integration of advanced remote sensing data from Landsat-8 not only facilitates long-term monitoring but also provides a valuable baseline for spatio-temporal analyses of seaweed habitat dynamics.
{"title":"A novel seaweed detection image processing and validation framework: A pragmatic study on natural seaweed beds along North-West Coast of India","authors":"D. Bhavana , A. Rooha Tej , G. Jyothi Swaroop , Ramesh Kumar Mojjada , Abdul Azeez Pokkathappada , Suresh Kumar Mojjada , Swathi Lekshmi Perumal Sundaram , Aarsha Subramanian , Prachi Siddharth Bagde , Mayur Shivdas Tade , T.S. Ramshad , Dhanush Janarthanan , Muktha Menon , Suresh Vettath Raghavan , Grinson George , D. Divu , Devanaboyina Venkata Ratnam","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seaweeds play a pivotal role in global ecology contributing significantly to biodiversity conservation and coastal habitat of marine ecosystems. In particular, natural seaweed beds are increasingly vulnerable to climate change and commercial exploitation, necessitate the effective monitoring, especially given the extensive coastlines. Thus, this study presents a novel framework that integrates remote sensing, image processing techniques, and on-site validation methods to standardize indices for seaweed cover changes and abundance detection across three selected natural coastal seaweed beds along the biodiversity-rich North-West Coast of India. We introduce a novel in-situ validation method to assess seaweed abundance while standardizing three remote sensing indices i.e. the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Floating Algae Index (FAI), and the Seaweed Enhancing Index (SEI). By correlating ground-truth measurements of seaweed biomass with values derived from remote sensing indices, we enable detailed estimations of both presence and abundance. Our findings reveal that the natural seaweed beds along the Veraval coast exhibit the highest levels of vegetation cover, followed by other selected sites at Kelwa and Porbandar, with robust correlations observed across all indices. Notably, the SEI demonstrated superior accuracy in identifying seaweed habitats compared to NDVI and FAI. Ground-truth validation substantiates the reliability of our results, signifying positive correlations between the index outputs and actual seaweed abundance. Also, this study establishes a robust framework for future research by introducing indices standardization methodologies for remote sensing and image processing of seaweed habitats. By demonstrating the efficacy of in-situ validation and grid-based assessments, we have effectively quantified seaweed density and distribution. Furthermore, the integration of advanced remote sensing data from Landsat-8 not only facilitates long-term monitoring but also provides a valuable baseline for spatio-temporal analyses of seaweed habitat dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"978 ","pages":"Article 179296"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179447
Tawfiqur Rahman, Ulrika Candolin
The invasion of foreign species into ecosystems is a growing human-induced problem. Global warming is expected to magnify the problem by facilitating invasions and amplifying the ecological impact of invaders. We investigated if rising water temperature influences the impact of an invading shrimp Palaemon elegans on the reproductive success of a native fish, the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, we found the shrimp to reduce the probability that stickleback males built a nest, defended it against a perceived intruder, courted females and gained matings. This reduced the number of offspring they produced, independently of temperature. Males lost more weight in the presence of the shrimp, which indicates that the shrimp can reduce the number of breeding cycles that males can complete. Thus, the shrimp has both direct negative effects and the potential for indirect delayed effects. The impact of the shrimp on stickleback reproduction overrode that of warming, most likely because the stickleback has adapted to temperature fluctuations in shallow coastal waters, but not to a high abundance of the non-native shrimp. Interestingly, the shrimp did not reduce egg hatching success, which indicates that the stickleback overestimates the risk posed by the invader. Refraining from reproduction in the presence of shrimp may have been an adaptive strategy in the past, but not in the current environment where shrimp-free habitats may no longer be found. Thus, the past reaction norm – to avoid nesting in the presence of shrimp – may have become an ‘evolutionary trap’. These results emphasise the immediate threat that invading species can pose, which can be larger than the impact of warming, and stresses the importance of controlling their invasions.
{"title":"Species invasion has a larger impact on stickleback reproduction than warming of breeding habitat","authors":"Tawfiqur Rahman, Ulrika Candolin","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The invasion of foreign species into ecosystems is a growing human-induced problem. Global warming is expected to magnify the problem by facilitating invasions and amplifying the ecological impact of invaders. We investigated if rising water temperature influences the impact of an invading shrimp <em>Palaemon elegans</em> on the reproductive success of a native fish, the threespine stickleback <em>Gasterosteus aculeatus</em>. Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, we found the shrimp to reduce the probability that stickleback males built a nest, defended it against a perceived intruder, courted females and gained matings. This reduced the number of offspring they produced, independently of temperature. Males lost more weight in the presence of the shrimp, which indicates that the shrimp can reduce the number of breeding cycles that males can complete. Thus, the shrimp has both direct negative effects and the potential for indirect delayed effects. The impact of the shrimp on stickleback reproduction overrode that of warming, most likely because the stickleback has adapted to temperature fluctuations in shallow coastal waters, but not to a high abundance of the non-native shrimp. Interestingly, the shrimp did not reduce egg hatching success, which indicates that the stickleback overestimates the risk posed by the invader. Refraining from reproduction in the presence of shrimp may have been an adaptive strategy in the past, but not in the current environment where shrimp-free habitats may no longer be found. Thus, the past reaction norm – to avoid nesting in the presence of shrimp – may have become an ‘evolutionary trap’. These results emphasise the immediate threat that invading species can pose, which can be larger than the impact of warming, and stresses the importance of controlling their invasions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"978 ","pages":"Article 179447"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143837758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179440
M Sufia Sultana , Toby Waine , Niamul Bari , Sean Tyrrel
The management of sanitation systems in unsewered cities in low and middle income countries is a critical issue, yet it is unclear where the risk hotspots are and where interventions should be focused. This study utilised a prototype model, developed by the authors, to map the spatial pattern of faecal flow in Rajshahi city, a secondary city in northwest Bangladesh with a population around a million. This city serves as a representative example of 60 such secondary cities in Bangladesh and hundreds more in the economically developing region in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The model relies on assumptions that carry significant uncertainties; hence, the study employed a sensitivity analysis with multiple plausible scenarios to characterise these uncertainties, aiming to identify ways to improve the model further. Five major influencing factors on the spatial pattern of faecal flow were identified: the emptying of septic tanks, the use of soak pits, and sludge removal from drains, variations in faecal matter production by building types, and the presence or absence of toilets. These factors were shown to collectively have a significant impact (almost 50 % changed) on the model outcome, depending upon the assumptions made. The study offers insights that will guide future data collection efforts by emphasising the need to understand these specific influencing factors and their spatial pattern. Consequently, this research has broader implications for urban sanitation management as well as associated public health research like wastewater surveillance, risk assessment, and disease dynamics in similar urban settings, offering insights into areas of uncertainty that need to be addressed in future modelling efforts.
{"title":"An analysis of factors that influence the spatial pattern of faecal matter flow in unsewered cities","authors":"M Sufia Sultana , Toby Waine , Niamul Bari , Sean Tyrrel","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The management of sanitation systems in unsewered cities in low and middle income countries is a critical issue, yet it is unclear where the risk hotspots are and where interventions should be focused. This study utilised a prototype model, developed by the authors, to map the spatial pattern of faecal flow in Rajshahi city, a secondary city in northwest Bangladesh with a population around a million. This city serves as a representative example of 60 such secondary cities in Bangladesh and hundreds more in the economically developing region in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The model relies on assumptions that carry significant uncertainties; hence, the study employed a sensitivity analysis with multiple plausible scenarios to characterise these uncertainties, aiming to identify ways to improve the model further. Five major influencing factors on the spatial pattern of faecal flow were identified: the emptying of septic tanks, the use of soak pits, and sludge removal from drains, variations in faecal matter production by building types, and the presence or absence of toilets. These factors were shown to collectively have a significant impact (almost 50 % changed) on the model outcome, depending upon the assumptions made. The study offers insights that will guide future data collection efforts by emphasising the need to understand these specific influencing factors and their spatial pattern. Consequently, this research has broader implications for urban sanitation management as well as associated public health research like wastewater surveillance, risk assessment, and disease dynamics in similar urban settings, offering insights into areas of uncertainty that need to be addressed in future modelling efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"978 ","pages":"Article 179440"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143837930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-16DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179430
Jeonghwan Kim , Gangwoong Lee , Jongbyeok Jun , Beom-Keun Seo , Yongjoo Choi
A reliable ensemble averaging method was developed to quantify sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission rates from the Taean and Dangjin power plants in South Korea. This method integrated mass balance and Gaussian footprint approaches while accounting for individual uncertainties and deviations arising from distinct modeling assumptions and measurement variability. Eighteen representative spiral flights in 2022 (9 cases) and 2023 (9 cases) were conducted to evaluate emission rates and revealed several optimal conditions for achieving accurate quantification, including a small spiral radius with a fine vertical resolution under unstable atmospheric conditions. Validation of the estimated SO2 emission rate revealed comparable correlation coefficients (R > 0.72) between the two methods and the real time automatic telemonitoring system (CleanSYS). The ensemble averaging method mitigated the sensitivity of the Gaussian footprint to the effects of meteorological conditions and high uncertainty in the mass balance, which resulted in an improved correlation of the estimated SO2 emission rate with that measured by the CleanSYS (R > 0.78). When the same approach was applied, the CO2 emission estimates from both methods showed a high correlation (R > 0.78) and confirmed the robustness of our ensemble averaging method. Although there was no significant difference between monthly electricity production in 2022 (October and November) and 2023 (May, October and November), the SO2 emission rates decreased by 37 % and 29 % compared with the ensemble averaging method and CleanSYS, respectively; however, CO2 emission rates increased by approximately 62 % at Taean and 83 % at Dangjin. This could be attributed to the use of carbon-intensive fuel sources, more intensive operations during research flight, and the desulfurization process, which aimed to reduce SO2 emissions and release CO2 as a byproduct. This study highlights the broad application of our ensemble averaging method for emission monitoring and regulatory compliance, particularly for CO2, when real-time emission monitoring systems are absent.
{"title":"Quantification of SO2 and CO2 emission rates from coal-fired power plants in the Korean peninsula via airborne measurements","authors":"Jeonghwan Kim , Gangwoong Lee , Jongbyeok Jun , Beom-Keun Seo , Yongjoo Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A reliable ensemble averaging method was developed to quantify sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emission rates from the Taean and Dangjin power plants in South Korea. This method integrated mass balance and Gaussian footprint approaches while accounting for individual uncertainties and deviations arising from distinct modeling assumptions and measurement variability. Eighteen representative spiral flights in 2022 (9 cases) and 2023 (9 cases) were conducted to evaluate emission rates and revealed several optimal conditions for achieving accurate quantification, including a small spiral radius with a fine vertical resolution under unstable atmospheric conditions. Validation of the estimated SO<sub>2</sub> emission rate revealed comparable correlation coefficients (<em>R</em> > 0.72) between the two methods and the real time automatic telemonitoring system (CleanSYS). The ensemble averaging method mitigated the sensitivity of the Gaussian footprint to the effects of meteorological conditions and high uncertainty in the mass balance, which resulted in an improved correlation of the estimated SO<sub>2</sub> emission rate with that measured by the CleanSYS (<em>R</em> > 0.78). When the same approach was applied, the CO<sub>2</sub> emission estimates from both methods showed a high correlation (<em>R</em> > 0.78) and confirmed the robustness of our ensemble averaging method. Although there was no significant difference between monthly electricity production in 2022 (October and November) and 2023 (May, October and November), the SO<sub>2</sub> emission rates decreased by 37 % and 29 % compared with the ensemble averaging method and CleanSYS, respectively; however, CO<sub>2</sub> emission rates increased by approximately 62 % at Taean and 83 % at Dangjin. This could be attributed to the use of carbon-intensive fuel sources, more intensive operations during research flight, and the desulfurization process, which aimed to reduce SO<sub>2</sub> emissions and release CO<sub>2</sub> as a byproduct. This study highlights the broad application of our ensemble averaging method for emission monitoring and regulatory compliance, particularly for CO<sub>2</sub>, when real-time emission monitoring systems are absent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"978 ","pages":"Article 179430"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143837921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-16DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179433
Md Saquib Saharwardi , Waqar Ul Hassan , Hari Prasad Dasari , Harikishan Gandham , Prajeesh Ag , Ibrahim Hoteit
Compound droughts and heatwaves (CDHWs) have emerged as a critical threat to global populations, with serious implications for water resources, agriculture, and ecosystems. Despite their significance, the occurrence and drivers of CDHW events remain inadequately understood, particularly in arid regions such as the Arabian Peninsula (AP). Using fifth-generation ECMWF reanalysis (ERA5) data, we analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics and variability of CDHW events over the AP from 1980 to 2023. Our results reveal a substantial increase in the frequency and intensity of CDHW events over this period, with a fourfold increase in the affected area since 1998. The northern parts of the AP are particularly vulnerable to CDHW events, due to the strong synchronization of heatwaves and droughts, derived by dominant role of temperature. We identify a robust linkage between CDHWs and large-scale circulation indices, notably the positive phase of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the negative phase of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) have favored pronounced CDHWs over the past two decades. The AMO variability primary influences the mid-tropospheric pressure system leading to substantial temperature variations in the AP. However, the PDO largely impacts upper-level zonal winds, which modulate the strength of the subtropical westerly jet and subsequently changes the AP precipitation. Our findings highlight the urgent need for adaptive strategies and resilient measures to mitigate the adverse effects of CDHWs in a rapidly changing climate.
{"title":"Rising occurrence of compound droughts and heatwaves in the Arabian Peninsula linked to large-scale atmospheric circulations","authors":"Md Saquib Saharwardi , Waqar Ul Hassan , Hari Prasad Dasari , Harikishan Gandham , Prajeesh Ag , Ibrahim Hoteit","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compound droughts and heatwaves (CDHWs) have emerged as a critical threat to global populations, with serious implications for water resources, agriculture, and ecosystems. Despite their significance, the occurrence and drivers of CDHW events remain inadequately understood, particularly in arid regions such as the Arabian Peninsula (AP). Using fifth-generation ECMWF reanalysis (ERA5) data, we analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics and variability of CDHW events over the AP from 1980 to 2023. Our results reveal a substantial increase in the frequency and intensity of CDHW events over this period, with a fourfold increase in the affected area since 1998. The northern parts of the AP are particularly vulnerable to CDHW events, due to the strong synchronization of heatwaves and droughts, derived by dominant role of temperature. We identify a robust linkage between CDHWs and large-scale circulation indices, notably the positive phase of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the negative phase of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) have favored pronounced CDHWs over the past two decades. The AMO variability primary influences the mid-tropospheric pressure system leading to substantial temperature variations in the AP. However, the PDO largely impacts upper-level zonal winds, which modulate the strength of the subtropical westerly jet and subsequently changes the AP precipitation. Our findings highlight the urgent need for adaptive strategies and resilient measures to mitigate the adverse effects of CDHWs in a rapidly changing climate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"978 ","pages":"Article 179433"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-16DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179391
Marijn Oosterbaan , Francisco Gómez-Jakobsen , Gonzalo G. Barberá , Jesús M. Mercado , Isabel Ferrera , Lidia Yebra , Blas Valero-Garcés , Antonio Delgado-Huertas , Marta Álvarez , Lázaro Marín-Guirao , Pedro Martínez Martínez , Victor Orenes-Salazar , Marcel Galofré , Arsenio Granados , Cristóbal Verdugo , Ana M. Cabello , María Teresa Camarena-Gómez , Carlota R. Gazulla , Sophia Ouaissa , Elena Pérez-Rubín , Juan M. Ruíz
The Mar Menor is a hypersaline coastal lagoon in the southeast of Spain, which has experienced several eutrophication episodes in recent years. In 2022, an area of milky white turbid water appeared covering about 10 % of its surface, and it has been there ever since. A comprehensive field research was set up to assess the origin of this possible whiting event, including identification of continental water inputs, satellite imagery and analyses of physico-chemical properties of the water column, sediment, and the planktonic and benthic communities. Our observations indicate that the water turned white due to precipitation of authigenic (formed where it is currently located) calcite as described in whiting events occurring in other marine areas. In addition to very high turbidity, the affected area showed increased nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations compared to the rest of the lagoon. The altered conditions in this area also affected the planktonic communities and led to a complete disappearance of the previously abundant benthic vegetation (Caulerpa prolifera), thus influencing the biogeochemical cycles. Satellite images coupled with sediment core analysis suggest that this whiting event, which appears to have begun in 2022, is unprecedented in the Mar Menor. The enhanced alkalinity due to the semi-enclosed nature of the lagoon, along with the inflow of continental water may be producing favorable conditions for calcium carbonate supersaturation since rising groundwater levels in the adjacent aquifer seem to have intensified the groundwater discharge, which contains high concentrations of HCO3−. This rise is likely due to a long-term increase in recharge, induced by the expansion of irrigation practices, in combination with oscillations in rainfall cycles.
Mar Menor是西班牙东南部一个高盐的沿海泻湖，近年来经历了几次富营养化事件。2022年，一片乳白色浑浊的水出现了，覆盖了它表面的10%左右，从那以后就一直在那里。开展了一项全面的实地研究，以评估这一可能的白化事件的起源，包括确定大陆水输入、卫星图像和分析水柱、沉积物、浮游生物和底栖生物群落的物理化学性质。我们的观察表明，海水变白是由于自生方解石（形成于目前所在的位置）的沉淀，正如在其他海洋地区发生的变白事件所描述的那样。除了非常高的浊度外，受影响的地区与泻湖的其他地区相比，营养物质和叶绿素a浓度也有所增加。该地区的环境变化也影响了浮游生物群落，导致以前丰富的底栖植被（Caulerpa prolifera）完全消失，从而影响了生物地球化学循环。卫星图像加上沉积物岩心分析表明，这种似乎始于2022年的白化事件在Mar Menor是前所未有的。由于泻湖的半封闭性质，加上大陆水的流入，碱度的增强可能为碳酸钙过饱和创造了有利条件，因为邻近含水层的地下水水位上升似乎加剧了地下水排放，其中含有高浓度的HCO3−。这种上升很可能是由于灌溉方式的扩大引起的长期补给增加，以及降雨周期的波动。
{"title":"Characterization and potential causes of a whiting event in the Mar Menor coastal lagoon (Mediterranean, SE Spain)","authors":"Marijn Oosterbaan , Francisco Gómez-Jakobsen , Gonzalo G. Barberá , Jesús M. Mercado , Isabel Ferrera , Lidia Yebra , Blas Valero-Garcés , Antonio Delgado-Huertas , Marta Álvarez , Lázaro Marín-Guirao , Pedro Martínez Martínez , Victor Orenes-Salazar , Marcel Galofré , Arsenio Granados , Cristóbal Verdugo , Ana M. Cabello , María Teresa Camarena-Gómez , Carlota R. Gazulla , Sophia Ouaissa , Elena Pérez-Rubín , Juan M. Ruíz","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Mar Menor is a hypersaline coastal lagoon in the southeast of Spain, which has experienced several eutrophication episodes in recent years. In 2022, an area of milky white turbid water appeared covering about 10 % of its surface, and it has been there ever since. A comprehensive field research was set up to assess the origin of this possible whiting event, including identification of continental water inputs, satellite imagery and analyses of physico-chemical properties of the water column, sediment, and the planktonic and benthic communities. Our observations indicate that the water turned white due to precipitation of authigenic (formed where it is currently located) calcite as described in whiting events occurring in other marine areas. In addition to very high turbidity, the affected area showed increased nutrient and chlorophyll <em>a</em> concentrations compared to the rest of the lagoon. The altered conditions in this area also affected the planktonic communities and led to a complete disappearance of the previously abundant benthic vegetation (<em>Caulerpa prolifera</em>), thus influencing the biogeochemical cycles. Satellite images coupled with sediment core analysis suggest that this whiting event, which appears to have begun in 2022, is unprecedented in the Mar Menor. The enhanced alkalinity due to the semi-enclosed nature of the lagoon, along with the inflow of continental water may be producing favorable conditions for calcium carbonate supersaturation since rising groundwater levels in the adjacent aquifer seem to have intensified the groundwater discharge, which contains high concentrations of HCO<sub>3</sub><sup><em>−</em></sup>. This rise is likely due to a long-term increase in recharge, induced by the expansion of irrigation practices, in combination with oscillations in rainfall cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"978 ","pages":"Article 179391"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores methane emission trends across Greece, Armenia, and Rostov Oblast region of Russia from 2004 to 2023. Our analyses, based on remote sensing and advanced statistical techniques, showed a 1.3–1.8 °C increase in mean annual temperature over this 20-year period in all these three regions, with the highest and the lowest rates of annual warming in Armenia (0.104 °C) and Rostov Oblast of Russia (0.052 °C), respectively. Mean annual methane concentrations increased distinctly in these regions over this period. Greece showed the trend of highest correlations between methane emissions and temperatures, including mean annual and seasonal temperatures, highlighting substantial role of climate change in emission trends. The emission trends with on-ground observations revealed intricate connections between reduced precipitations, farming practices, waste disposal methods, and naturally occurring emissions in Greece. In contrast, Armenia exhibited weak correlations between temperature and methane emissions, with its farming, waste management, energy and manufacturing sectors playing a significant role in determining emission quantities. The Rostov Oblast of Russia demonstrated weaker association between methane emissions and temperatures than Greece and Armenia, with emission trends being primarily shaped by agricultural activities and natural discharges from wetlands. The forecast models predicted further rise in methane emissions over the 7-year period (2024–2030), with the highest elevation rate estimated for Russia. This study emphasizes the need for tailored mitigation strategies to address methane emissions effectively, considering region-specific factors. Advanced monitoring technologies provide crucial insights into the assessment and management of methane emissions in these diverse geomorphological regions.
{"title":"Temporal patterns and influences of monthly, seasonal and annual temperatures on methane emissions in Greece, Armenia and Russia over two decades","authors":"Abhishek Singh , Anil Kumar Singh , Sapna Rawat , Vishnu D. Rajput , Karen Ghazaryan , Vicky Anand , Tatiana Minkina , Athanasios Alexiou , Mohamed S. Elshikh , João Ricardo Sousa , Henrique Trindade , Rupesh Kumar Singh , Arunava Pradhan","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores methane emission trends across Greece, Armenia, and Rostov Oblast region of Russia from 2004 to 2023. Our analyses, based on remote sensing and advanced statistical techniques, showed a 1.3–1.8 °C increase in mean annual temperature over this 20-year period in all these three regions, with the highest and the lowest rates of annual warming in Armenia (0.104 °C) and Rostov Oblast of Russia (0.052 °C), respectively. Mean annual methane concentrations increased distinctly in these regions over this period. Greece showed the trend of highest correlations between methane emissions and temperatures, including mean annual and seasonal temperatures, highlighting substantial role of climate change in emission trends. The emission trends with on-ground observations revealed intricate connections between reduced precipitations, farming practices, waste disposal methods, and naturally occurring emissions in Greece. In contrast, Armenia exhibited weak correlations between temperature and methane emissions, with its farming, waste management, energy and manufacturing sectors playing a significant role in determining emission quantities. The Rostov Oblast of Russia demonstrated weaker association between methane emissions and temperatures than Greece and Armenia, with emission trends being primarily shaped by agricultural activities and natural discharges from wetlands. The forecast models predicted further rise in methane emissions over the 7-year period (2024–2030), with the highest elevation rate estimated for Russia. This study emphasizes the need for tailored mitigation strategies to address methane emissions effectively, considering region-specific factors. Advanced monitoring technologies provide crucial insights into the assessment and management of methane emissions in these diverse geomorphological regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"978 ","pages":"Article 179428"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-16DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179353
Yang Zhong , Jocelyn Qi-Min Teo , Siyao Guo , Joergen Schlundt , Andrea Lay-Hoon Kwa , Rick Twee-Hee Ong
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing (ESBL) bacteria from aquatic environments can pose potential threats to public health due to their capability of spreading antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes through mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as plasmids, insertion sequences (ISs), transposons, and integrons. Currently, there is no policy for routine monitoring of AMR genes in aquatic environments and their roles in transmission are therefore unknown. Previous metagenomic and PCR-based culture-independent approaches are limited in recovering AMR resistant aquatic bacteria isolates and the data resolution generated are not able to provide detailed genetic comparison with known human pathogens particularly for determining genetic islands harbouring AMR genes. To address these gaps, we thus investigated the genetic profiles of ESBL-producing gram-negative aquatic bacteria found from water body sites within Singapore, examining the AMR genes carried and their associated MGEs. In total, 16 ESBL-producing gram-negative bacteria were identified, of which 8 were Escherichia coli, 3 Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 5 Aeromonas spp. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis revealed the presence of 12 distinct classes of AMR genes, including 16 distinct variants of β-lactamase, of which blaCTX-M was the dominant beta-lactamase genotype in all 11 Enterobacterales. The AMR genetic islands in the aquatic bacteria were also found to share similar genetic structures similar to those of circulating ESBL bacteria causing human infections. These findings underscore the potential role of aquatic ESBL bacteria as AMR reservoirs for human pathogens, suggesting that aquatic bacteria may facilitate the hidden transmission of AMR mediated by MGEs through horizontal gene transfer across different sources and species, highlighting the importance of integrating environmental AMR monitoring into local surveillance strategies.
{"title":"Characterization of mobile resistance elements in extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing gram-negative bacteria from aquatic environment","authors":"Yang Zhong , Jocelyn Qi-Min Teo , Siyao Guo , Joergen Schlundt , Andrea Lay-Hoon Kwa , Rick Twee-Hee Ong","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing (ESBL) bacteria from aquatic environments can pose potential threats to public health due to their capability of spreading antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes through mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as plasmids, insertion sequences (ISs), transposons, and integrons. Currently, there is no policy for routine monitoring of AMR genes in aquatic environments and their roles in transmission are therefore unknown. Previous metagenomic and PCR-based culture-independent approaches are limited in recovering AMR resistant aquatic bacteria isolates and the data resolution generated are not able to provide detailed genetic comparison with known human pathogens particularly for determining genetic islands harbouring AMR genes. To address these gaps, we thus investigated the genetic profiles of ESBL-producing gram-negative aquatic bacteria found from water body sites within Singapore, examining the AMR genes carried and their associated MGEs. In total, 16 ESBL-producing gram-negative bacteria were identified, of which 8 were <em>Escherichia coli</em>, 3 <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, and 5 <em>Aeromonas spp.</em> Whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis revealed the presence of 12 distinct classes of AMR genes, including 16 distinct variants of β-lactamase, of which <em>bla</em><sub>CTX-M</sub> was the dominant beta-lactamase genotype in all 11 <em>Enterobacterales</em>. The AMR genetic islands in the aquatic bacteria were also found to share similar genetic structures similar to those of circulating ESBL bacteria causing human infections. These findings underscore the potential role of aquatic ESBL bacteria as AMR reservoirs for human pathogens, suggesting that aquatic bacteria may facilitate the hidden transmission of AMR mediated by MGEs through horizontal gene transfer across different sources and species, highlighting the importance of integrating environmental AMR monitoring into local surveillance strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"978 ","pages":"Article 179353"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143837922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-16DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179407
Laudelino Vieira da Mota Neto , João Paulo Ribeiro-Oliveira , Marcelo Valadares Galdos , José Victor Silva Barros , Karina Mendes Bertolino , Juliano Carlos Calonego , Ciro Antonio Rosolem
Mismanagement of agroecosystems in Neotropical regions threatens global security, accelerating the transgression of planetary boundaries. Therefore, understanding carbon (C) stewardship and how climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices change nutrient availability plays a central role. Here, we analyzed nutrient availability, nitrogen (N) inputs, climate, and soil texture influence C flow into particulate (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) pools to support sustainable C management in neotropical agroecosystems. To test our hypothesis data were collected from three field experimental agroecosystem sites and a literature overview. Our machine learning models estimated that nutrient availability, notably zinc (Zn), and soil texture, regulate C flow into POC and MAOC pools in agroecosystems. The climate variables exhibited minimal effects. There was no MAOC C saturation in neotropical agroecosystems, with an upper boundary of 36 g C kg-1. This demonstrates the potential of nature-based solutions for C storage in tropical soils. Synthetic N fertilization was not a key driver of C flow into POC and MAOC pools in these agroecosystems; however, organic N inputs, such as those from legumes, showed significant potential in increasing soil C and reducing carbon-to‑nitrogen ratio. Our main finding reveals soil fertility as a key regulator of C flow into POC and MAOC pools in Neotropical agroecosystems. Additionally, nature-based solutions from CSA are viable for atmospheric carbon removal strategies in Neotropical areas. Thus, by integrating experimental and simulated insights, we propose a new conceptual model linking nutrient availability to C stewardship in neotropical agroecosystems, outlining existing knowledge gaps and suggesting directions for future research toward climate-smart agriculture.
新热带地区农业生态系统管理不善威胁着全球安全，加速了地球边界的越界。因此，了解碳(C)管理以及气候智慧型农业（CSA）实践如何改变养分可用性至关重要。在这里，我们分析了养分有效性、氮(N)输入、气候和土壤质地对碳流入颗粒（POC）和矿物相关有机碳（MAOC）库的影响，以支持新热带农业生态系统的可持续碳管理。为了验证我们的假设，我们收集了三个田间试验农业生态系统站点的数据并进行了文献综述。我们的机器学习模型估计养分有效性，特别是锌（Zn）和土壤质地，调节农业生态系统中碳流入POC和MAOC库。气候变量的影响最小。新热带农业生态系统未出现MAOC C饱和，上限为36 g C kg-1。这显示了热带土壤中基于自然的碳储存解决方案的潜力。在这些农业生态系统中，合成氮肥不是碳流入POC和MAOC库的关键驱动因素；然而，有机氮的输入，如豆科植物的输入，在增加土壤C和降低碳氮比方面显示出显著的潜力。我们的主要发现揭示了土壤肥力是新热带农业生态系统中碳流入POC和MAOC库的关键调节因子。此外，基于CSA的自然解决方案对于新热带地区的大气碳去除策略是可行的。因此，通过整合实验和模拟的见解，我们提出了一个新的概念模型，将新热带农业生态系统中的养分可用性与碳管理联系起来，概述了现有的知识空白，并为未来的气候智慧型农业研究提出了方向。
{"title":"Soil fertility matters! A new conceptual model for carbon stewardship in neotropical croplands taking climate-smart agricultural practices into account","authors":"Laudelino Vieira da Mota Neto , João Paulo Ribeiro-Oliveira , Marcelo Valadares Galdos , José Victor Silva Barros , Karina Mendes Bertolino , Juliano Carlos Calonego , Ciro Antonio Rosolem","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mismanagement of agroecosystems in Neotropical regions threatens global security, accelerating the transgression of planetary boundaries. Therefore, understanding carbon (C) stewardship and how climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices change nutrient availability plays a central role. Here, we analyzed nutrient availability, nitrogen (N) inputs, climate, and soil texture influence C flow into particulate (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) pools to support sustainable C management in neotropical agroecosystems. To test our hypothesis data were collected from three field experimental agroecosystem sites and a literature overview. Our machine learning models estimated that nutrient availability, notably zinc (Zn), and soil texture, regulate C flow into POC and MAOC pools in agroecosystems. The climate variables exhibited minimal effects. There was no MAOC C saturation in neotropical agroecosystems, with an upper boundary of 36 g C kg<sup>-1</sup>. This demonstrates the potential of nature-based solutions for C storage in tropical soils. Synthetic N fertilization was not a key driver of C flow into POC and MAOC pools in these agroecosystems; however, organic N inputs, such as those from legumes, showed significant potential in increasing soil C and reducing carbon-to‑nitrogen ratio. Our main finding reveals soil fertility as a key regulator of C flow into POC and MAOC pools in Neotropical agroecosystems. Additionally, nature-based solutions from CSA are viable for atmospheric carbon removal strategies in Neotropical areas. Thus, by integrating experimental and simulated insights, we propose a new conceptual model linking nutrient availability to C stewardship in neotropical agroecosystems, outlining existing knowledge gaps and suggesting directions for future research toward climate-smart agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"978 ","pages":"Article 179407"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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