Science of the Total Environment最新文献_第5页

Modeling vegetation carbon stock and soil greenhouse gas emission dynamics in undrained degraded peat swamp forests of Indonesia and Peru 印度尼西亚和秘鲁不排水退化泥炭沼泽森林植被碳储量和土壤温室气体排放动态模拟

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-03-10 Epub Date: 2026-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181536

Erin Swails , Kristell Hergoualc'h , Jia Deng , Steve Frolking

Data on vegetation carbon storage and soil greenhouse gas (GHG) dynamics in degraded undrained peatlands, and their recovery timeframes, are limited. Additionally, despite their important extent across the tropics, these systems remain unconsidered by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines for GHG inventories. We modified the existing DeNitrification DeComposition model to simulate undegraded and degraded undrained peat swamp forests in Indonesia and Peru. We simulated partial clearing for agroforestry and burning in Indonesia, and in Peru selective timber harvesting and Mauritia flexuosa palm cutting for fruit harvest. Based on model results, we derived peat onsite CO₂, N₂O, and CH₄ emission factors (EF), assessed timeframes for recovery of vegetation C stocks and peat GHG emissions, and investigated relationships among peat GHG fluxes and biophysical controls. Vegetation carbon stocks recovered 40 years after modeled disturbance in Indonesia, and 80 years post-disturbance in Peru. Simulated degradation increased the peat onsite CO₂ EF during the first decade post-disturbance by 557% and 121% in Indonesia and Peru, respectively, with recovery by the second decade post-disturbance at both locations. Degradation also induced an increase in soil N₂O emissions in Indonesia (344%) and Peru (323%), with elevations persisting for four decades. As in field observations, simulated disturbances tended to raise CH₄ emissions in Indonesia and lower them in Peru, but not substantially. Temporal variations in modeled peat onsite CO₂ and N₂O EF were linked to degradation-driven changes in soil C:N ratio, and for peat CH₄ fluxes to water table and soil moisture dynamics unrelated to disturbance. Our results suggest elevation of peat GHG emissions in these forests up to four decades after anthropogenic disturbances that need accounting in national GHG inventories.

关于退化不排水泥炭地植被碳储量和土壤温室气体动态及其恢复时间框架的数据有限。此外，尽管这些系统在整个热带地区具有重要意义，但政府间气候变化专门委员会的温室气体清单指南仍未考虑到这些系统。我们修改了现有的反硝化分解模型，模拟了印度尼西亚和秘鲁未退化和退化的不排水泥炭沼泽森林。我们模拟了印度尼西亚为农林业而进行的部分砍伐和焚烧，以及秘鲁为收获水果而进行的选择性木材采伐和毛里求斯棕榈采伐。基于模型结果，我们推导了泥炭现场CO2、N2O和CH4排放因子（EF），评估了植被C储量恢复和泥炭温室气体排放的时间框架，并研究了泥炭温室气体通量与生物物理控制之间的关系。印度尼西亚的植被碳储量在模拟扰动后40年恢复，秘鲁的植被碳储量在模拟扰动后80年恢复。在印度尼西亚和秘鲁，模拟退化使泥炭现场CO2 EF在扰动后的第一个10年分别增加了557%和121%，在扰动后的第二个10年都有所恢复。退化还导致印度尼西亚（344%）和秘鲁（323%）土壤N2O排放量增加，海拔升高持续了40年。与实地观测结果一样，模拟扰动倾向于增加印度尼西亚的甲烷排放量，降低秘鲁的排放量，但幅度不大。模拟泥炭现场CO2和N2O EF的时间变化与退化驱动的土壤C:N比变化以及与干扰无关的泥炭地表CH4通量和土壤水分动态有关。我们的研究结果表明，这些森林的泥炭温室气体排放量在人为干扰后的40年内会增加，这需要在国家温室气体清单中考虑。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating long-term water quality variations to climate variability and land use change in California's Sacramento watershed 评估加州萨克拉门托流域长期水质变化对气候变率和土地利用变化的影响。

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-03-10 Epub Date: 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181597

Naveen Joseph , Nida Shareef , Pooja Preetha , Shuci Liu

This study aimed to evaluate how shifts in land use and climate extremes have jointly shaped long-term water quality trends in the Sacramento River watershed in California between 1985 and 2023. We integrated satellite-derived land use maps, daily climate indices, and monthly water quality records for six parameters (hardness, pH, specific conductance, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), and turbidity). Analyses included seasonal trend assessments, spectrogram analysis of periodicity, and Random Forest models to identify key drivers of water quality trends. Three modeling cases were compared: climate-only, land use–only, and combined (climate + land use). A 10-fold cross-validation framework was implemented, and differences among models were assessed using the Friedman test with Wilcoxon signed-rank post-hoc comparisons. The combined model integrating climate and land use variables best explained long-term water quality variability, followed by land use alone and climate alone. Seasonal analysis further highlighted a dual stress regime: winter storms drove sediment and turbidity peaks, while summer droughts intensified salinity and pH. Water quality deterioration peaked during 2002–2012, with elevated salinity (conductance, TDS) and sediment-related parameters (TSS, turbidity). Land use predictors explain more site-to-site variation in water quality than climate predictors (median absolute ΔR² LU − Clim ≈ 0.18; LU outperforms Clim for 5/6 variables). Persistence of elevated salinity underscores the need for long-term management, while the partial recovery of sediment indicators highlights opportunities for targeted erosion control. These findings show the interacting influence of land use transitions and climate extremes, offering a transferable framework for adaptive watershed management.

本研究旨在评估1985年至2023年间，土地利用变化和极端气候如何共同影响加州萨克拉门托河流域的长期水质趋势。我们整合了卫星衍生的土地利用图、每日气候指数和月度水质记录的六个参数（硬度、pH值、比电导、总溶解固体（TDS）、总悬浮固体（TSS）和浊度）。分析包括季节性趋势评估、频谱分析和随机森林模型，以确定水质趋势的关键驱动因素。对比了三种模式：气候模式、土地利用模式和气候+土地利用模式。实施了10倍交叉验证框架，并使用Friedman检验和Wilcoxon符号秩事后比较评估模型之间的差异。综合气候和土地利用变量的组合模式最能解释长期水质变化，其次是单独的土地利用和单独的气候。季节性分析进一步强调了双重应激机制：冬季风暴驱动沉积物和浊度达到峰值，而夏季干旱加剧了盐度和ph值。2002-2012年期间，水质恶化达到峰值，盐度（电导、TDS）和沉积物相关参数（TSS、浊度）均有所升高。土地利用预测因子比气候预测因子更能解释水质的点间差异（绝对中位数ΔR2 LU - Clim≈0.18；LU在5/6个变量上优于Clim）。盐度持续升高强调了长期管理的必要性，而沉积物指标的部分恢复则强调了有针对性地控制侵蚀的机会。这些发现显示了土地利用转变和极端气候的相互影响，为适应性流域管理提供了一个可转移的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Bioaccumulation of arsenic in mine waste contaminated soil using Poa labillardieri (Steud.) and soil amendments: A short-term pilot trial 矿渣污染土壤中砷的生物富集与土壤改良剂的短期试验

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-03-10 Epub Date: 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181602

Julie A. Besedin , Darislav A. Besedin , Leadin S. Khudur , Sali K. Biek , Gerardo Aguilar Jr. , Pacian Netherway , Albert L. Juhasz , Stuart Horner , Andrew S. Ball

In Australia, Victoria produced ∼2,460,000 kg of gold during the gold rush (1851–1914), with Bendigo as a major gold mining town. Gold mining produced arsenic contaminated waste, and Victoria has reported arsenic concentrations up to 47,100 mg/kg in impacted soil. Soil arsenic concentrations above 100 mg/kg in residential soils with garden access, require site-specific management and remediation. Phytostabilisation, a biological remediation technique is a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable approach to stabilise arsenic in the rhizosphere. Plant growth and metal(loid) bioaccumulation are preliminary assessments of phytostabilisation potential and are investigated in this study. The aim of this study was to conduct a short-term pilot trial to investigate P. labillardieri for plant growth and arsenic bioaccumulation under field conditions and assess soil amendment, 5% biosolids biochar (wet weight (w/w)) plus 5% compost (w/w), for optimisation. The trial was conducted for six months and objectives included quantification of soil characteristics, soil and plant metal(loid) concentrations by acid digestion, arsenic bioaccumulation and microbial analyses by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Poa labillardieri successfully grew and bioaccumulated arsenic under field conditions with and without the amendment (5% biochar plus 5% compost). The plant only treatment significantly (p = 0.01) bioaccumulated more arsenic in the roots (∼108 mg/kg) than plant plus amendment (∼55 mg/kg); and had a significantly (p = 0.017) higher bioconcentration factor. This demonstrates that this native plant has potential for phytostabilisation without assistance. A long-term field trial with additional analyses is recommended to validate P. labillardieri and the soil amendment for phytostabilisation of gold mine waste impacted soils. The significance of this study was that P. labillardieri was able to thrive in a semi(arid) climate with elevated arsenic concentrations and bioaccumulate arsenic, without the assistance of the amendment.

在澳大利亚，维多利亚州在淘金热（1851-1914）期间生产了约246万公斤黄金，本迪戈是主要的黄金开采城镇。金矿开采产生了砷污染的废物，维多利亚州报告说，受影响土壤中的砷浓度高达47100毫克/公斤。在有花园通道的住宅土壤中，土壤砷浓度超过100毫克/公斤，需要特定地点的管理和补救。植物稳定是一种具有成本效益和环境可持续性的稳定根际砷的生物修复技术。植物生长和金属（loid）生物积累是植物稳定潜力的初步评估，并在本研究中进行了调查。本研究的目的是进行短期的中试试验，以研究在田间条件下，油梨的植物生长和砷的生物积累，并评估土壤改进剂，5%的生物固体生物炭（湿重（w/w））加5%的堆肥（w/w），以优化。试验为期6个月，目的包括定量土壤特征、酸消化法测定土壤和植物金属（样蛋白）浓度、砷生物积累和定量聚合酶链反应测定微生物分析。在添加和不添加添加物（5%生物炭+ 5%堆肥）的情况下，毛豆成功生长并积累了砷。植物单处理显著（p = 0.01）地积累了更多的砷（~ 108 mg/kg），比植物加处理（~ 55 mg/kg）；且其生物富集因子显著高于对照组（p = 0.017）。这表明这种本土植物在没有帮助的情况下具有植物稳定的潜力。建议进行长期的田间试验，并进行额外的分析，以验证金菖蒲和土壤改良剂对金矿废物影响土壤的植物稳定作用。本研究的意义在于，在没有修正剂的帮助下，P. labillardieri能够在砷浓度升高和生物积累砷的半（干旱）气候中茁壮成长。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive review on microplastics: Their presence in surface and ground water, environmental distribution, and impact on human and aquatic systems 微塑料：它们在地表水和地下水中的存在、环境分布以及对人类和水生系统的影响。

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-03-10 Epub Date: 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181547

Khashia Rashid , Shaukat Ali , Asif Hanif Chaudhry , Nosheen Sial , Muhammad Rizwan Akram , Muhammad Aslam

Microplastics are ubiquitous pollutants in aquatic habitats that provide serious threats to human health and the environment. This paper thoroughly investigates the microplastics distribution, environmental behavior of microplastics in surface and groundwater systems and their effects on aquatic systems and humans. It looks at how microplastics enters surface water bodies and then infiltrate into groundwater systems. The modes of transportation, their function as carriers of contaminants and current status in surface and ground water is also investigated. Furthermore, the effects of microplastic pollution on the environment and human health are assessed, with a focus on bioaccumulation and possible threats to aquatic organisms. Microplastic characteristics including size and morphology critically influence their absorption, translocation and potential adverse effects in humans. This study emphasizes on introducing standardized analytical procedures for groundwater microplastics study. In order to provide the groundwork for multidisciplinary research and sustainable water management, this paper aims to clarify the threats that microplastics pose to the environment and to people. This paper also discussed the current challenges and potential approaches for reducing microplastic contamination.

微塑料是水生栖息地中普遍存在的污染物，对人类健康和环境构成严重威胁。本文深入研究了微塑料在地表水和地下水系统中的分布、环境行为及其对水生系统和人类的影响。它着眼于微塑料如何进入地表水体，然后渗透到地下水系统。研究了污染物在地表水和地下水中的运移方式、载体功能和现状。此外，还评估了微塑料污染对环境和人类健康的影响，重点是生物积累和对水生生物的可能威胁。微塑性特征，包括大小和形态，严重影响其在人体中的吸收、转运和潜在的不良影响。本研究重点介绍了地下水微塑料研究的标准化分析方法。本文旨在阐明微塑料对环境和人类的威胁，为多学科研究和可持续水资源管理提供基础。本文还讨论了目前面临的挑战和减少微塑料污染的潜在途径。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated analysis of PM2.5 chemical characteristics and multi-pollutant health risks in Central Taiwan: Implications for optimizing the air quality health index (AQHI) during the COVID-19 pandemic 台湾中部地区PM2.5化学特征与多污染物健康风险的综合分析：对优化新冠肺炎大流行期间空气质量健康指数的启示

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-03-10 Epub Date: 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181584

Po Jui Chen , Tuan Hung Ngo , Shahzada Amani Room , Yuan Cheng Hsu , Yan Cing Li , Shih Yu Pan , Ta Chih Hsiao , Yu-Cheng Chen , Kai Hsien Chi

Conventional Air Quality Index (AQI) systems often underrepresent multi-pollutant health impacts. The Air Quality Health Index (AQHI), which integrates daily concentrations of PM_2.5, O₃, and NO₂ to estimate population-level health risks, addresses this limitation by accounting for multi-pollutant exposure effects. This study investigated the chemical characteristics of PM_2.5 in Taichung, Taiwan, from 2020 to 2022, focusing on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and water-soluble ions (WSIs) across industrial and traffic areas. During pandemic restrictions, remote work and online learning increased electricity demand, coinciding with elevated total water-soluble ion concentrations, largely driven by increases in non–sea-salt sulfate (nss-SO₄²⁻; 11.8 ± 4.12 μg/m³) in the industrial area. In contrast, PAH concentrations declined during lockdowns but exhibited a pronounced rebound during the warm season in the post-pandemic period, reaching approximately two to three times the levels observed during the pandemic stage. Source apportionment analyses indicated that traffic-related emissions, particularly diesel exhaust, were the dominant contributors to ambient PAHs. Health-risk analysis based on AQHI and outpatient records (2016–2022; stratified by pre-, during-, and post-pandemic stages) revealed that high-risk AQHI levels (≥7) were associated with increased respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity. Lag-effect analysis showed acute and persistent risks from PM_2.5 and NO₂, whereas O₃ exhibited delayed inverse statistical associations. The findings demonstrate that AQHI is a more sensitive short-term, health-relevant metric than AQI under pandemic-altered activity patterns. This integrated approach offers empirical evidence supporting Taiwan's adoption of AQHI for risk communication and for protecting vulnerable populations.

传统的空气质量指数（AQI）系统往往不能充分反映多种污染物对健康的影响。空气质量健康指数（AQHI）通过综合PM2.5、O3和NO2的日浓度来估计人群水平的健康风险，通过考虑多种污染物暴露效应来解决这一局限性。本研究调查了2020 - 2022年台中地区PM2.5的化学特征，重点研究了工业和交通区域的多环芳烃（PAHs）和水溶性离子（wsi）。在大流行限制期间，远程工作和在线学习增加了电力需求，同时水溶性离子总浓度升高，主要是由于工业区非海盐硫酸盐（nss-SO₄2-;11.8±4.12 μg/m3）的增加。相比之下，多环芳烃浓度在封锁期间下降，但在大流行后的温暖季节出现明显反弹，达到大流行阶段观察到的水平的大约2至3倍。源分配分析表明，交通相关排放，特别是柴油废气，是环境多环芳烃的主要来源。基于AQHI和门诊记录（2016-2022年，按大流行前、中、后阶段分层）的健康风险分析显示，AQHI高危水平（≥7）与呼吸系统和心血管疾病发病率增加相关。滞后效应分析显示PM2.5和NO₂带来的急性和持续性风险，而O₃表现出延迟的负相关统计关联。研究结果表明，在大流行改变的活动模式下，空气质量指数比空气质量指数更敏感，是一个与健康相关的短期指标。这种综合方法提供了经验证据，支持台湾采用AQHI进行风险沟通和保护弱势群体。

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引用次数: 0

Living on the flood line: Constructing and validating a combined multidimensional resilience index for rural riverine floodplain communities 生活在洪水线上：构建和验证农村河滨洪泛区社区复合多维恢复力指数。

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-03-10 Epub Date: 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181581

Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam , Md. Abdullah-Al Mamun , Anjum Tasnuva , Mst. Nazneen Aktar , Manoranjan Mishra , Abdullah Al Mamun , Md. Julfiker Moin

Resilience analysis is crucial for developing interventions that mitigate riverine flood risk in the context of global environmental change and sustainable development. Index-based assessment remains the dominant methodological approach for operationalizing and evaluating resilience. Nevertheless, current frameworks often rely on subjective indicators, lack statistical validation, and exhibit limited utility for environmental planning. This study proposes an integrated methodology that combines expert-based multi-criteria decision analysis, data-driven principal axis factoring, and Monte Carlo–based index construction with deep learning–enabled predictive validation, supported by spatially explicit, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). Using 1000 georeferenced observations and 56 indicators spanning socio-cultural, economic, physical-infrastructural, organizational-institutional, hydraulic, and ecological domains for 49 unions in the Brahmaputra River Basin (Bangladesh), the triadic framework yields a fully validated Combined Multidimensional Resilience Index (CMRI) that offers a transparent, rigorous, and statistically robust characterization of community-level resilience. The CMRI reveals significant spatial differences: low-resilience conditions are heavily concentrated in northern floodplains (70% of low-resilience locations), whereas higher resilience is predominantly observed in central and southern unions (56%). The deep learning model (DR-DNN) demonstrates excellent predictive skill (AUC = 0.989; 87.8% accuracy), confirming the internal coherence and predictive learnability of resilience structures. SHAP-based explanations highlight hydraulic deficits, ecological degradation, and institutional weaknesses as primary drivers of vulnerability. In contrast, ecological integrity, institutional capacity, financial inclusion, and reduced social vulnerability emerge as key determinants of high resilience. The asymmetric vulnerability–resilience pathways indicate that addressing deficits alone is insufficient; targeted ecological restoration and institutional strengthening are required to raise resilience levels. By integrating rigorous quantitative modeling with interpretable XAI, this study advances flood-resilience assessment from a static diagnostic exercise to a dynamic, actionable, and context-sensitive decision-support framework, providing a scalable model for rural and transboundary riverine floodplain systems.

在全球环境变化和可持续发展的背景下，恢复力分析对于制定缓解河流洪水风险的干预措施至关重要。基于指数的评估仍然是实施和评估复原力的主要方法方法。然而，目前的框架往往依赖于主观指标，缺乏统计验证，对环境规划的效用有限。本研究提出了一种集成方法，将基于专家的多标准决策分析、数据驱动的主轴分解和基于蒙特卡罗的指数构建与支持深度学习的预测验证相结合，并由空间显式、可解释的人工智能（XAI）提供支持。通过对布拉马普特拉河流域（孟加拉国）49个地区的社会文化、经济、物理基础设施、组织机构、水力和生态领域的1000个地理参考观测和56个指标的分析，三位一体框架得出了一个完全有效的综合多维恢复力指数（CMRI），该指数为社区恢复力提供了一个透明、严格和统计稳健的特征。CMRI显示了显著的空间差异：低恢复力条件主要集中在北部洪泛平原（70%的低恢复力地点），而高恢复力条件主要集中在中部和南部（56%）。深度学习模型（DR-DNN）表现出优异的预测能力（AUC = 0.989，准确率87.8%），证实了弹性结构的内在一致性和预测可学习性。基于shap的解释强调了水力不足、生态退化和制度缺陷是脆弱性的主要驱动因素。相比之下，生态完整性、机构能力、金融包容性和社会脆弱性降低是高复原力的关键决定因素。不对称的脆弱性-复原力路径表明，仅解决赤字是不够的；需要有针对性的生态恢复和制度加强，以提高抵御能力水平。通过将严格的定量建模与可解释的XAI相结合，本研究将洪水恢复力评估从静态诊断工作推进到动态的、可操作的、环境敏感的决策支持框架，为农村和跨界河流洪泛平原系统提供了可扩展的模型。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of cellulose digestion on the accuracy and reproducibility of microplastic and synthetic microfiber quantification 纤维素消化对微塑料和合成微纤维定量准确性和重复性的影响。

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-03-10 Epub Date: 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181546

Lilia Ochoa , Maia Morgan , Georgia Arbuckle-Keil , N.L. Fahrenfeld

Microfibers are widespread microplastics, but their quantification is hindered by their similarity to natural and regenerated cellulose fibers. The ASTM D8333 protocol incorporates a cellulose digestion step using Schweizer's reagent, though its efficiency and selectivity remain uncertain. The objectives of this study were to assess cellulose removal efficiency, polymer integrity (mass change and spectral preservation), and classification accuracy following cellulose digestion when performed after peroxide oxidation. Ten representative materials, including plastics, polymer-cellulose textile blends, municipal wastewater influent samples, and cellulose-based controls, were treated with peroxide oxidation followed by digestion in Schweizer's reagent for up to 48 h at room temperature. Mass loss, fiber counts normalized to mass removed, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectra were compared with manufacturer-reported cellulose content to assess removal and over-digestion. Regenerated cellulose fabrics (e.g., viscose) exhibited near-complete removal within 1 h, cotton-rich blends required up to 24 h, and some polymer–cellulose blends showed non-target polymer loss after 48 h. Synthetic textiles remained stable, though polyester and polyurethane shed fibers. Spectral classification via OpenSpecy remained robust (>80% correct) for most polymers. The polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) bioplastic blend was frequently misclassified as polyester terephthalate (PET), with implications for source and fate assessments. Prolonged reagent exposure occasionally produced copper-rich residues, potentially interfering with analysis; filtration and light-protected storage are recommended. In wastewater influent, 47–57% mass loss occurred after 24 h, yet FTIR spectra still indicated cellulose-based materials, underscoring the resistance of non-plastic organics. These findings provide guidance on optimizing cellulose digestion conditions to balance removal efficiency with polymer preservation, enhancing microfiber quantification in environmental studies.

微纤维是广泛存在的微塑料，但由于其与天然和再生纤维素纤维的相似性，其量化受到阻碍。ASTM D8333协议包括纤维素消化步骤使用施韦泽试剂，尽管其效率和选择性仍然不确定。本研究的目的是评估过氧化氧化后纤维素消化后的纤维素去除效率、聚合物完整性（质量变化和光谱保存）和分类准确性。十种具有代表性的材料，包括塑料、聚合物-纤维素纺织混合物、城市污水流入样品和纤维素基对照物，在室温下用过氧化物氧化处理，然后在施韦泽试剂中消化48小时。质量损失，纤维计数归一化到质量去除，衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）光谱与制造商报告的纤维素含量进行比较，以评估去除和过度消化。再生纤维素织物（例如，粘胶）在1小时内几乎完全去除，富含棉花的混合物需要长达24小时，一些聚合物-纤维素混合物在48小时后显示非目标聚合物损失。合成纺织品保持稳定，尽管聚酯和聚氨酯脱落纤维。openspec对大多数聚合物的光谱分类仍然很稳健（正确率为80%）。聚乳酸（PLA）和聚己二酸丁二酯（PBAT）生物塑料混合物经常被错误地归类为聚酯对苯二甲酸酯（PET），这对来源和命运评估产生了影响。长时间的试剂暴露偶尔会产生富铜残留物，可能干扰分析；建议过滤和避光储存。在废水中，24 h后质量损失为47-57%，但FTIR光谱仍然显示纤维素基材料，强调了非塑性有机物的抗性。这些发现为优化纤维素消化条件以平衡去除效率和聚合物保存提供了指导，增强了环境研究中超细纤维的定量。

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引用次数: 0

Nontarget GC-ECNI-Orbitrap-HRMS screening and evaluation method used to identify polyhalogenated compounds extracted from two passive air samplers deployed at marine islands in Australia 非目标GC-ECNI-Orbitrap-HRMS筛选和评价方法用于鉴定部署在澳大利亚海洋岛屿的两个被动空气采样器中提取的多卤化化合物。

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-03-10 Epub Date: 2026-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181579

Sina Schweizer , Göksu Korkmaz , Jakob Hauns , Alexander Schächtele , Xianyu Wang , Chris Paxman , Jochen Mueller , Walter Vetter

Gas chromatography with electron capture negative ion high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-ECNI-Orbitrap-HRMS) was applied for the comprehensive analysis of halogenated natural products (HNPs) and anthropogenic organohalogen compounds in two passive air samples from Australian marine islands. This enabled the detection of ~250 halogenated compounds in the two air samples of which reference standards were available for only ten. For the evaluation, the compounds were listed according to the exact mass of the nonhalogenated backbone (halogens in the molecular formula were replaced with hydrogens; primary list) calculated in the next step. This meant that compounds with the same backbone were listed together, which was crucial for data interpretation. Specifically, the ~250 compounds could be traced back to ~100 different backbones. Four additionally calculated secondary lists allowed to indicate structurally related homologues if their exact masses were also found in the primary list. Key-findings include the detection of several sponge-derived HNPs and > 20 halogenated nitrobenzenes and nitrophenols, including iodine-containing ones. The primary and secondary list-based evaluation turned out to be a promising approach for other complex data sets with polyhalogenated compounds.

采用气相色谱-电子捕获负离子高分辨质谱（GC-ECNI-Orbitrap-HRMS）对澳大利亚海洋岛屿两种被动空气样品中的卤化天然产物（HNPs）和人为有机卤素化合物进行了综合分析。这使得在两个空气样本中检测到约250种卤化化合物，其中参考标准只有10种。为了评价，根据下一步计算的非卤化主链（分子式中的卤素被氢取代；一级表）的精确质量列出化合物。这意味着具有相同主链的化合物被列在一起，这对数据解释至关重要。具体来说，250种化合物可以追溯到100种不同的主干。如果在主表中也发现了精确的质量，则另外计算的四个次级表可以表示结构上相关的同源物。关键发现包括检测到几种海绵衍生的HNPs和bbbb20卤化硝基苯和硝基酚，包括含碘的硝基苯和硝基酚。基于一级表和二级表的评价结果证明是一种有前途的方法，用于其他复杂的多卤化合物数据集。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of subsurface heterogeneity on the occurrence of shallow-depth arsenic and manganese safe groundwater in the Ganga River basin of South Asia 地下非均质性对南亚恒河流域浅层砷锰安全地下水赋存的影响

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-03-10 Epub Date: 2026-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181464

Tridip Bhowmik , Spandan Naskar , Oindrila Bose , Kanhaiya Kumar , Maya Jha , Nupur Bose , Chander Kumar Singh , Ashok Ghosh , Probal Sengupta , Prosun Bhattacharya , Abhijit Mukherjee

Elevated Arsenic (As) and Manganese (Mn) concentrations in shallow groundwater severely impact human consumption in the transboundary Ganga basin of South Asia. The obscurity in the distribution of these contaminants poses a significant challenge to clean water access initiatives. This study examines how geological and geochemical variations influence regional-scale As and Mn safe groundwater dynamics in shallow aquifers. Hydrostratigraphic models developed using boreholes (n = 75) from the 3 study areas, spanning from the central to lower Ganga basin showed heterogeneity in sedimentation patterns. Groundwater (n = 166) and sediment (n ~1300) samples revealed that sediment color, a geochemical proxy for As-safe groundwater, is limited by geologically-induced diverse sedimentation across the basin. Multivariate statistics on groundwater showed that Fe, As, and Mn mobilization processes are mutually inclusive, with As concentration more correlated with redox variables than Mn. We herein develop a conceptual model that states that overlapping Mn and Fe-reducing redox states induce a “lag-phase” that creates windows where consequent mobilization-immobilization mechanisms lead to Mn and As safe groundwater. The findings suggest that subsurface heterogeneity, resulting from the geodynamic evolution of the basin, causes variability in the redox zones that dictates the concentration of Fe, Mn and As in the groundwater. This study provides a comprehensive regional-scale understanding of the mobility of these geogenic pollutants, thereby enhancing decision-making for sustainable groundwater management.

浅层地下水中砷（As）和锰（Mn）浓度的升高严重影响了南亚跨界恒河流域的人类消费。这些污染物分布的模糊对清洁水获取倡议构成了重大挑战。本研究探讨了地质和地球化学变化如何影响浅层含水层区域尺度砷和锰安全地下水动态。从恒河盆地中部到下游的3个研究区（n = 75）钻孔建立的水文地层模型显示出沉积模式的非均质性。地下水（n = 166）和沉积物（n ~1300）样品表明，沉积物颜色是砷安全地下水的地球化学代表，受地质诱发的盆地不同沉积的限制。地下水的多元统计表明，Fe、As和Mn的运移过程是相互包容的，其中As浓度与氧化还原变量的相关性大于Mn浓度。我们在此开发了一个概念模型，该模型指出重叠的Mn和fe还原氧化还原状态诱导了“滞后期”，从而创造了窗口，随后的动员-固定机制导致Mn和As安全的地下水。研究结果表明，由盆地地球动力学演化引起的地下非均匀性导致了氧化还原带的变化，从而决定了地下水中铁、锰和砷的浓度。该研究提供了对这些地质污染物在区域尺度上的流动性的全面了解，从而加强了地下水可持续管理的决策。

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引用次数: 0

Current-use pesticide exposure of riparian ecosystems – stream buffer or non-target habitat? 当前使用的农药对河岸生态系统的影响——河流缓冲区还是非目标栖息地？

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Science of the Total Environment

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181503

Ken M. Mauser , Tom Dekker , Jurg W. Spaak , Tobias Elsässer , Carsten A. Brühl

Riparian non-target buffer zones (RNBZ) are widely implemented to reduce pesticide pollution of surface waters, yet their dual role as protective barriers and semi-natural habitats remains contested, particularly where management targets mitigation rather than conservation. We quantified gradients of pesticide contamination from fields across RNBZ to small streams by sampling vegetation, topsoil, and water at 24 sites spanning RNBZ widths of 10–260 m. At each site we collected samples 1, 2, and 5 m into the RNBZ from both field and stream sides. 93 current-use pesticides (CUPs) were analysed, and residues were detected in all matrices and at every site, demonstrating widespread contamination across riparian zones. On average, topsoil and vegetation contained complex mixtures, with 9.3 and 9.8 CUPs on the field side and 7.7 and 10.7 CUPs on the stream side. Greater RNBZ width significantly reduced CUP numbers in topsoil but not in vegetation. In wine-growing catchments, upstream RNBZ topsoil and vegetation showed higher CUP contamination than downstream, indicating viticulture as a key driver. Contamination increased toward the stream within RNBZ topsoil and vegetation, consistent with accumulation or entry via flooding or infiltration. Jaccard dissimilarities indicated distinct CUP mixture patterns between stream water and riparian soil and vegetation. These findings highlight that RNBZ width alone cannot explain pesticide dynamics and that riparian contamination may reflect a widespread, landscape-scale phenomenon rather than a local anomaly. Effective mitigation should integrate vegetation structure, land-use context, and contamination pathways to strengthen both the protective and habitat roles of riparian zones.

河岸非目标缓冲区（RNBZ）的广泛实施是为了减少农药对地表水的污染，但其作为保护屏障和半自然栖息地的双重作用仍然存在争议，特别是在管理目标是缓解而不是保护的情况下。我们通过对10-260米宽的24个地点的植被、表土和水进行采样，量化了农药污染从RNBZ农田到小溪的梯度。在每个地点，我们从田野和溪流两侧收集了距离RNBZ 1、2和5米的样本。分析了93种当前使用的农药（CUPs），并在所有基质和每个地点检测到残留，表明河岸地带普遍存在污染。表层土壤与植被的平均混合成分较为复杂，田侧为9.3和9.8 CUPs，溪侧为7.7和10.7 CUPs。较大的RNBZ宽度显著降低了表层土壤的CUP数量，但对植被没有影响。在葡萄酒种植流域，上游RNBZ表层土壤和植被的CUP污染高于下游，表明葡萄种植是主要驱动因素。污染在RNBZ表层土壤和植被中向河流方向增加，与通过洪水或渗透积累或进入一致。Jaccard差异表明河流水与河岸土壤和植被之间存在明显的CUP混合模式。这些发现强调，仅RNBZ宽度不能解释农药动态，河岸污染可能反映了一种广泛的景观尺度现象，而不是局部异常。有效的缓解措施应综合考虑植被结构、土地利用背景和污染途径，以加强河岸带的保护和生境作用。

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引用次数: 0