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The Justice of Others 他人的正义
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.5324/EIP.V14I2.3830
P. Mindus
The special issue covers both fronts by presenting a conceptual analysis of arbitrary law-making that sets out to typify its various meanings, along an empirical account of its actual functioning in legal and political practice. As arbitrariness becomes a pressing concern for lawyers, politicians and scholars attempting to grasp the discretionary powers of judicial and administrative authorities vis-a-vis legal subjects, its social impact as well as its political consequences must be taken into consideration in order to fully comprehend how central arbitrariness has become for a philosophical and a sociological account of law-making. Migration policy is precisely where arbitrariness vividly shows its face, and where its various forms unleash their most revealing implications. It is in this field that we must dig further if we want to know how this hitherto peripheral and surrogated dimension of legal decision-making stretches the leeway of legal officials to the very margin of legality, disclosing the social tension and the power struggle between their agency and the structures that condition and enable it.
特刊涵盖了这两个方面,对任意立法进行了概念分析,试图代表其各种含义,并对其在法律和政治实践中的实际运作进行了实证说明。随着任意性成为律师、政治家和学者迫切关注的问题,他们试图掌握司法和行政当局对法律主体的自由裁量权,必须考虑其社会影响及其政治后果,以便充分理解对法律制定的哲学和社会学解释的中心任意性是如何变得的。移民政策正是任意性生动地表现出来的地方,也是其各种形式释放出最具启示性的含义的地方。正是在这个领域,如果我们想知道这种迄今为止边缘化和代理化的法律决策维度是如何将法律官员的回旋余地扩大到合法性的边缘,揭示他们的机构与制约和促成它的结构之间的社会紧张和权力斗争的,我们就必须进一步挖掘。
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引用次数: 0
Emergency, Values and Evidence 紧急情况、价值观和证据
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Pub Date : 2020-05-18 DOI: 10.5324/eip.v14i1.3583
A. Alvarez, E. D. Stabell, M. Thorseth
This open issue of the Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics consists of four papers that discuss the topics covering vaccination, sustainability, development ethics research and family ethics. It also includes a book review.
本期《北欧应用伦理学杂志》公开刊包括四篇论文,讨论的主题包括疫苗接种、可持续性、发展伦理研究和家庭伦理。它还包括一篇书评。
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引用次数: 0
What Grounds Special Treatment Between Siblings? 兄弟姐妹之间有什么特殊待遇?
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Pub Date : 2020-05-18 DOI: 10.5324/eip.v14i1.3362
M. Hunt
Siblings ought to treat one another specially – in other words, siblings qua siblings ought to treat one another in ways that they need not treat others. This paper offers a theory of why this is the case. The paper begins with some intuitive judgments about how siblings ought to treat one another and some other normative features of siblinghood. I then review three potential theories of why siblings ought to treat one another specially, adapted from the literature on filial piety: the gratitude theory, the friendship theory, and the special goods theory. In each case, these theories fail to explain some of the intuitive judgments about how siblings ought to treat one another. The paper then proposes a familial belonging theory. The institution of the family has certain goals, which impose normative demands on family members. I suggest that one such family goal is that every member feel familial belonging towards every other member, a goal which grounds the ways in which siblings ought to treat one another specially.
兄弟姐妹应该特别对待彼此,换句话说,兄弟姐妹应该以他们不需要对待别人的方式对待彼此。本文提供了一种理论来解释为什么会出现这种情况。这篇论文从一些关于兄弟姐妹应该如何对待彼此的直觉判断和兄弟姐妹关系的一些其他规范特征开始。然后,我回顾了三种可能的理论,为什么兄弟姐妹应该特别对待彼此,改编自孝道的文献:感恩理论,友谊理论和特殊物品理论。在每种情况下,这些理论都无法解释一些关于兄弟姐妹应该如何对待彼此的直觉判断。在此基础上提出了家族归属理论。家庭制度有一定的目标,这些目标对家庭成员提出了规范性要求。我建议这样的一个家庭目标是,每个成员都感到家庭属于其他成员,这一目标奠定了兄弟姐妹之间应该特别对待彼此的方式。
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引用次数: 0
Land use quandaries 土地利用难题
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Pub Date : 2020-05-06 DOI: 10.5324/eip.v14i1.3543
E. D. Stabell
Book review of Finance or Food? The Role of Cultures, Values, and Ethics in Land Use Negotiations, edited by Hilde Bjørkhaug, Philip McMichael and Bruce Muirhead, 3-18. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487 517236-002
书评:金融还是食品?《文化、价值观和伦理在土地利用谈判中的作用》,希尔德·比约·鲁卡格、菲利普·麦克迈克尔、布鲁斯·穆尔黑德主编,第3-18页。多伦多:多伦多大学出版社。https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487 517236 - 002
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引用次数: 0
Staying within planetary boundaries as a premise for sustainability: On the responsibility to address counteracting sustainable development goals 保持在地球边界内作为可持续发展的前提:关于处理与可持续发展目标相抵消的责任
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Pub Date : 2020-05-06 DOI: 10.5324/eip.v14i1.2863
H. R. Nilsen
Sustainable development, as explained through the three pillars of environment, society and economy, is a well-known concept and has been used extensively in recent decades. There is finally a growing acknowledgement that environmental sustainability is the prerequisite for achieving the other two pillars of societal and economic sustainability. Nevertheless, there is a tendency to not explicate the negative interactions between the pillars of sustainability, as in the interlinkages between the UN’s sustainable development goals. In this paper, we draw attention to a method for explicating both reinforcing and counteracting goals. This is a conceptual paper but with short, illustrative examples from different levels of the R&D sphere on how this method can be used: one example is at the project level, two are from financiers of R&D projects, and the other is at the UN level. Finally, a longer discussion on relevant ethical guidelines is presented. This paper addresses the responsibility to recognize when and how sustainability goals counteract each other through two key actions. The first action is to identify transgressions of global ecological system boundaries and the resulting serious consequences for trading on environmental sustainability. The second involves bringing to the fore relevant ethical guidelines from the Norwegian National Research Ethics Committee. An update of these guidelines is suggested to reflect recent research on the transgression of planetary boundaries and the consequences for a safe operating space for humans on Earth. Keywords: Environmental sustainability, ethical guidelines for research, UN sustainable development goals, counteracting goals
通过环境、社会和经济三大支柱来解释的可持续发展是一个众所周知的概念,近几十年来得到了广泛的应用。人们终于日益认识到,环境的可持续性是实现社会和经济可持续性的另外两个支柱的先决条件。然而,有一种倾向是不解释可持续性支柱之间的负面相互作用,就像联合国可持续发展目标之间的相互联系一样。在本文中,我们提请注意一种同时说明强化和抵消目标的方法。这是一篇概念性的论文,但有来自研发领域不同层次的简短、说明性的例子,说明如何使用这种方法:一个例子来自项目层面,两个来自研发项目的资助者,另一个来自联合国层面。最后,对相关伦理准则进行了较长的讨论。本文通过两项关键行动阐述了认识可持续发展目标何时以及如何相互抵消的责任。第一个行动是确定对全球生态系统边界的侵犯,以及由此产生的对环境可持续性交易的严重后果。第二项涉及将挪威国家研究伦理委员会的相关伦理准则放在首位。建议对这些准则进行更新,以反映最近关于越过地球边界及其对地球上人类安全活动空间的后果的研究。关键词:环境可持续性;研究伦理准则;联合国可持续发展目标
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引用次数: 3
Using Insights in Sen’ Capability Approach to Overcome Empirical Development Ethics Research Designing and Execution Challenges 运用森能力方法中的见解克服实证发展伦理学研究的设计和执行挑战
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Pub Date : 2020-02-23 DOI: 10.5324/eip.v14i1.3311
A. Mazigo, J. Hattingh
In this paper, we support the adoption of an empirical approach in development ethics research and show that the theoretical insights and methodological guidelines in Sen’s capability approach (CA) can offer helpful guidance to development ethicists on designing and execution of such research. To this end, we show how specific insights in the CA guide one to identify and engage with relevant stakeholders in extensive dialogues about the ethical issues underlying their development practices and in gathering empirical data for further ethical reflections. Drawing on an empirical development ethics research project we conducted in the fisheries sector of Ukerewe District in Tanzania, we illustrate how the CA supported us in identifying 310 representatives of various categories of small-scale fishers and stakeholders, and in designing and executing empirical development ethics research in the form of progressive stages of dialogues in stakeholder groups. The participants in these stakeholder groups reflected on and assessed their individual and collective values, capacities, roles and interests in the fisheries sector. In turn, we gathered empirical data on (i) the nature and causes of the poverty of small-scale fishers and ways to overcome it, (ii) the moral roots of the prevalence of institutional and professional apathy, and (iii) stakeholders’ motivations and concrete actions to support the redressing of the challenges facing small-scale fishers. Later, we used these empirical data to theorise about moving small-scale fishers from poverty to prosperity, and about the development ethic best suited to guide future initiatives in combatting poverty and generating wealth through the fisheries sector in Ukerewe District.  Keywords: Empirical Ethics, Development Ethics, Capability Approach, Small-scale Fisheries, Poverty, Ukerewe District, Tanzania
在本文中,我们支持在发展伦理学研究中采用实证方法,并表明森能力方法(CA)中的理论见解和方法指南可以为发展伦理学家设计和执行此类研究提供有益的指导。为此,我们展示了CA中的具体见解如何指导人们识别相关利益相关者,并与他们就其发展实践背后的道德问题进行广泛对话,以及收集经验数据以进行进一步的道德反思。根据我们在坦桑尼亚Ukerewe区渔业部门开展的一个实证发展伦理研究项目,我们展示了CA如何支持我们确定310名各类小规模渔民和利益相关者的代表,以及以利益相关者群体对话的渐进阶段的形式设计和执行实证发展伦理研究。这些利益攸关方团体的参与者反思并评估了他们在渔业部门的个人和集体价值观、能力、作用和利益。反过来,我们收集了以下方面的经验数据:(i)小规模渔民贫困的性质和原因以及克服贫困的方法;(ii)制度和职业冷漠普遍存在的道德根源;以及(iii)利益相关者支持解决小规模渔民面临的挑战的动机和具体行动。后来,我们利用这些经验数据对小规模渔民从贫困走向繁荣进行了理论推导,并对最适合指导乌克雷韦区未来通过渔业部门消除贫困和创造财富的举措的发展伦理进行了理论分析。关键词:经验伦理学,发展伦理学,能力方法,小规模渔业,贫困,Ukerewe区,坦桑尼亚
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引用次数: 0
Mandatory childhood vaccination: Should Norway follow? 强制性儿童疫苗接种:挪威应该跟进吗?
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Pub Date : 2020-02-22 DOI: 10.5324/eip.v14i1.3316
Espen Gamlund, Karl Erik Müller, Kathrine Knarvik Paquet, C. Solberg
a Department of Philosophy, University of Bergen, espen.gamlund@uib.no b Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, and Institute of Bioscience, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Drammen hospital, post@kem.priv.no c University of Bergen, knarvikkathrine@gmail.com d Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting (BCEPS), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care (IGS), University of Bergen, carl.solberg@uib.no
卑尔根大学哲学系,espen.gamlund@uib.nob卑尔根大学临床科学系和巴西圣保罗大学生物科学研究所;德拉门医院内科,post@kem.priv.noc卑尔根大学,knarvikkathrine@gmail.comd卑尔根大学全球公共卫生和初级保健系卑尔根伦理和优先事项设定中心,carl.solberg@uib.no
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引用次数: 5
Why, and how will it look? Evaluating answers of energy experts concerning the German Energiewende and its implication for communication efforts 为什么?它会是什么样子?评估能源专家对德国能源转型的回答及其对沟通工作的影响
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Pub Date : 2019-11-18 DOI: 10.5324/eip.v13i2.2599
Sebastian Kreuz, Eugenia Ploß
The implementation of the German energy transition (Energiewende) is unclearly framed. The future of the transition depends on more than just technological development or economic feasibility. Rather, a positive attitude and an understanding by the general public are critical to its success. Therefore, communicating the complex, polarized and long-term process in an objective way is essential. We show that despite the alleged clarity of goals, German stakeholders have very diverse reasons for their support of the energy transition. One key reason mentioned is climate protection. Another important goal is the desired independence from energy imports. This diversity is at the heart of the communication challenges. We see a wide variety of goals triggering trade-offs and challenges in understanding the process. Therefore, we suggest an infographic as an approach to communicating the energy transition to the general public with a focus on goals and related future challenges of the transition. We conclude that communication tools should promote an inclusive discussion and debate regarding the goals and challenges of a process, such as the energy transition, to help answer the question: How do we want to live in the future?  Keywords: climate change, energy transition, communication, framing, media
德国能源转型(Energiewende)的实施框架不明确。过渡的未来不仅仅取决于技术发展或经济可行性。相反,积极的态度和公众的理解对其成功至关重要。因此,以客观的方式沟通复杂、两极分化和长期的过程至关重要。我们表明,尽管据称目标明确,但德国利益相关者支持能源转型的理由非常多样。提到的一个关键原因是气候保护。另一个重要目标是希望独立于能源进口。这种多样性是沟通挑战的核心。我们看到各种各样的目标在理解过程中引发权衡和挑战。因此,我们建议将信息图作为向公众传达能源转型的一种方法,重点关注转型的目标和相关的未来挑战。我们的结论是,沟通工具应该促进就能源转型等进程的目标和挑战进行包容性的讨论和辩论,以帮助回答以下问题:我们希望如何在未来生活?关键词:气候变化、能源转型、传播、框架、媒体
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引用次数: 1
Defining “Social Sustainability”: Towards a Sustainable Solution to the Conceptual Confusion 定义“社会可持续性”:寻求概念混乱的可持续解决方案
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Pub Date : 2019-11-18 DOI: 10.5324/eip.v13i2.2913
Karl de Fine Licht, Anna Folland
The interest in "social sustainability" has recently increased in the field of urban development. We want societies, cities, and neighborhoods to be economically and environmentally sustainable, bu ...
最近在城市发展领域对“社会可持续性”的兴趣有所增加。我们希望社会、城市和社区在经济和环境上都是可持续的,但是……
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引用次数: 14
Faktorer, der har betydning for sygeplejerskers holdning til ”God Klinisk Praksis”
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS Pub Date : 2019-11-08 DOI: 10.5324/eip.v13i2.3001
P. Telléus, D. Holdgaard, Birthe Thørring
Vi gennemførte i 2016 et omfattende empirisk studie (n=2129) på Aalborg Universitetshospital med henblik på at afdække de forskellige sundhedsprofessioners etiske holdninger. Hensigten var at afdække eventuelle forskelle mellem professionerne samt at få begrebsliggjort de etiske tankemønstre, der er tilstede i den kliniske praksis. Vi fandt i den indledende dataanalyse, at vi med signifikans kunne vise, at plejegruppen i højere grad bruger nærhedsetiske og omsorgsetiske vurderinger, til forskel fra lægegruppen, der er mere pligtetisk funderet. Undersøgelsen blev sat op ved brug af vignetmetoden, der giver mulighed for at indsamle kvantitative data, der er velegnede til en statistisk analyse, men som samtidig også muliggør en kvalitativ undersøgelse ved en efterfølgende hermeneutisk analyse af udvalgte besvarelser. I denne artikel studerer vi undersøgelsens resultater inden for sygeplejegruppen alene med det formål at uddrage, hvad deres vurderinger kommer an på, og at diskutere, hvordan disse faktorer indbyrdes forholder sig til hinanden og skaber sammenhæng. Med udgangspunkt i dette finder vi frem til, hvordan sygeplejerskernes etiske holdninger som helhed formes af de særlige værdier, som den nærhedsetiske profil understøtter, men som videre også giver et mere fleksibelt og nuanceret billede af sygeplejeetikken. Nøgleord: sygeplejeetik, vignetmetoden, hermeneutik, patientperspektiv, klinisk praksis   English title: Factors that influence nurses' attitude to "good clinical practice" - a qualitative analysis of data from an empirical study at Aalborg University Hospital In 2016, we conducted a comprehensive empirical study (n = 2129) at Aalborg University Hospital in order to uncover the ethical attitudes of various health professions. The intention was to uncover any differences between professions as well as to conceptualize the ethical thought patterns present in clinical practice. We found in the preliminary data analysis that we could show with significance that the group of care givers uses relational ethics and care ethics assessments to a greater extent as opposed to the more duty ethics based group of physicians. The study was set up using the vignette method, which allows for the collection of quantitative data suitable for statistical analysis, but which also allows for a qualitative study by a subsequent hermeneutical analysis of selected answers. In this article we study the results of the study within the nursing group solely for the purpose of extracting what their assessments depend on and discussing how these factors relate to each other and create some form of moral coherence. Based on this we find how nurses' ethical attitudes are shaped by the particular values ​​that the relational ethical profile supports, but also how this profile is modified and flexible to the conditions of clinical settings and situations. In the end our interpretation provides us with a more nuanced picture of nursing ethics than a single theoretica
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Etikk I Praksis
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