Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research最新文献

{"title":"A multilayer WSe₂–graphene plasmonic architecture for polarization-insensitive and machine learning–optimized glucose detection in the terahertz regime","authors":"K. Vijayakumar ,&nbsp;Kumaravel Kaliaperumal ,&nbsp;S. Sasikala ,&nbsp;Harishchander Anandaram ,&nbsp;U. Arun Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of advanced biosensing technologies has been prompted by the increasing global diabetes prevalence and the necessity for non-invasive glucose monitoring in real-time. These technologies surpass the limitations of classic enzymatic and electrochemical methods. This study presents a glucose biosensor utilizing a multilayer plasmonic architecture integrated with tungsten diselenide (WSe₂) and graphene hybrid coatings. The designed sensor features a central circular resonator (2.1 μm in diameter) surrounded by square resonators (1.8 μm) coated with WSe₂ and enclosed by graphene-coated rectangular resonators (12 μm × 0.5 μm) on a glass substrate. COMSOL Multiphysics simulations indicate that the proposed design achieves a sensitivity of 1000 GHz/RIU throughout the refractive index range of 1.335–1.347 RIU, beyond the capabilities of most existing glucose detection techniques. The sensor demonstrates its peak response at 0.195 THz, where the electric field is highly localized at the resonator-dielectric interfaces, thereby amplifying analyte interaction. Subsequent optimization using a K-nearest regressor (KNR) machine learning model confirms both angular resilience and predictive reliability, resulting in coefficient of determination (R²) values above 0.999. The integration of 2D materials (WSe₂ and graphene) provides tunable optical properties through chemical potential modulation, while the polarization-insensitive design ensures measurement reliability across varying operational conditions. All reported results are obtained through numerical simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics, providing a theoretical foundation for future experimental realization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100917"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sandwich-type amperometric aptasensor for carcinoembryonic antigen based on Janus colloids as enzyme-free labeling elements","authors":"Anabel Villalonga,&nbsp;Irati Garrido,&nbsp;Wissal Rabhi Qamlach,&nbsp;Hend Ferchichi,&nbsp;Irene Ojeda,&nbsp;Diana Vilela,&nbsp;Alfredo Sánchez,&nbsp;Clara Fernández-Valverde,&nbsp;Paloma Martínez-Ruíz,&nbsp;Reynaldo Villalonga","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A masking/toposelective modification approach was employed to prepare novel Janus colloids based on Au nanoparticles anisotropically-modified with polyamidoamine dendrons. Catalytic Pt nanoparticles were further grown into the dendritic structure, and the opposite Au surface of the Janus colloids was provided with specific ssDNA aptamers for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). These anisotropic nanoparticles were employed as enzyme-free biorecognition/signaling elements to design an amperometric aptasensor with sandwich-type architecture for the specific detection of CEA, by using screen-printed carbon electrodes functionalized with Au nanoparticles and anti-CEA aptamers as transduction interface. The aptasensor was employed to detect the cancer biomarker in the broad range from 25 pg/mL to 1.0 ng/mL, with detection limit of 8.0 pg/mL. This electroanalytical device also showed high specificity and reproducibility, retaining full biosensing capacity after 50 days of storage at 4 °C. The aptasensor was successfully used to quantify CEA in reconstituted human serum samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100907"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring TNF-⍺ monoclonal antibody via sweat cytokine profiling using the IBD AWARE®: A non-invasive approach to assess therapeutic response","authors":"Preeti Singh ,&nbsp;Akash Kumar ,&nbsp;Sumana Karmakar ,&nbsp;Kai-Chun Lin ,&nbsp;Sriram Muthukumar ,&nbsp;Shalini Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is very important in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, and therapeutic antibodies like adalimumab only work if TNF-α is kept neutralized. Current monitoring techniques depend on invasive, sporadic tests that do not give real-time information about drug bioavailability or how well a treatment works. This paper shows a non-invasive electrochemical biosensor that is part of the IBD AWARE® device and can continuously find free TNF-α monoclonal antibodies (TNF-α mAb) and adalimumab in sweat. The ZnO-based sensor with TNF-α secondary antibodies added was very stable and specific and didn't pick up on common sweat biomarkers very often. The dose-response analysis showed that TNF-α mAb and adalimumab could be measured in a linear way in the physiologically relevant range (0.1–25.6 ng/mL). The detection limits were 1.55 ng/mL and 1.75 ng/mL, respectively, and the equilibrium dissociation constants were 0.046 nM and 0.044 nM, respectively. The %CVs for intra- and inter-assays stayed below 20 % for all concentrations and storage conditions, proving that the tests could be repeated, reproduced, and stable for two weeks. This platform offers swift, real-time evaluation of therapeutic antibody concentrations in sweat, connecting molecular pharmacodynamics with clinical results. Our results underscore the translational potential of non-invasive monitoring for the personalized management of TNF-α–mediated diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100914"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A self-insertable 5-μm-diameter flexible microneedle for minimally invasive and stable in vivo neural recording","authors":"Hinata Sasaki ,&nbsp;Sayaki Shimizu ,&nbsp;Rexy Alvian Nerchan ,&nbsp;Koji Yamashita ,&nbsp;Naohiro Takahashi ,&nbsp;Rina Chinone ,&nbsp;Yurika Kurashige ,&nbsp;Rika Numano ,&nbsp;Kowa Koida ,&nbsp;Masahiro Ohsawa ,&nbsp;Takeshi Kawano","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Implantable intracortical microelectrodes are essential tools for neuroscience research, clinical applications, and brain–computer interfaces. Achieving stable chronic recording of neuronal activity, however, remains challenging due to tissue damage—including neuronal loss, foreign body responses, and disruption of neuronal networks—induced by electrode implantation. Although flexible device strategies can reduce chronic damage, insertion using mechanical supports still creates a large footprint and causes substantial acute tissue damage, leading to neuronal network disruption. Overcoming these electrode issues, here we report a 5-μm-tip-diameter parylene microneedle electrode that offers advantages of ultrasmall size, mechanical flexibility, and insertion capability without additional support. The parylene microneedle was fabricated via silicon microneedle growth, parylene encapsulation, and subsequent core‑silicon removal. In vivo experiments in mice demonstrated that the flexible microneedle reduced tissue disruption compared with rigid needles, preserving neuronal populations comparable to unimplanted tissue. Notably, recording quality recovered over the implantation period, reflecting superior chronic recording stability arising from minimal invasiveness compared with conventional microelectrode technologies. This study represents a promising step toward chronic, high-quality neural interface device technology that maintain the native brain tissue state.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100915"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A colorimetric aptasensor based on gold nanoparticles for point-of-care testing of cardiac troponin I","authors":"Yue He ,&nbsp;Xinyue Qu ,&nbsp;Tingting Lan ,&nbsp;Mingxing Yu ,&nbsp;Xu Duan ,&nbsp;Ruyi Chen ,&nbsp;Junhao Wu ,&nbsp;Zhihong Wang ,&nbsp;Deling Kong ,&nbsp;Zhongyang Shen ,&nbsp;Shuang Yang ,&nbsp;Chunlei Zhou ,&nbsp;Tao Ming","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a key biomarker in clinical diagnostics, cardiac troponin I facilitates the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. This study developed a rapid quantitative method for detecting cardiac troponin I in blood, aiming to establish its quantitative correlation with myocardial infarction area by accurately quantifying the serum cTnI concentration in patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction. We utilized a cTnI-specific aptamer as the recognition element. Gold nanoparticles exhibit salt-induced aggregation with visible color change. The aptamer protects gold nanoparticles from high-salt aggregation. Through systematic optimization, we established a gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric assay leveraging this anti-aggregation mechanism. Results demonstrated that under optimal conditions—200 mM NaCl and 800 nM aptamer concentration—the developed assay exhibited a promising linear response (R² = 0.942) across a cardiac troponin I concentration spanning from 0.1 to 0.8 μg/mL. According to the standard calibration method, the detection limit was estimated as 0.1 μg/mL. We observed recovery rates ranging from 105.6 % to 118.5 %. This research presents a highly sensitive, specific, and rapid point-of-care detection methodology for cardiac troponin I, offering enhanced field-testing efficiency and providing a low-cost alternative for serum cardiac troponin I detection. Moreover, it lays the groundwork for the development of a novel methodology enabling dynamic and quantitative assessment of infarct size in patients suffering from myocardial infarction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100910"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review on MXene nanostructures for biosensing, imaging, and therapeutic systems","authors":"Ali Mohammad Amani ,&nbsp;Ehsan Vafa ,&nbsp;Maryam Mirzae ,&nbsp;Milad Abbasi ,&nbsp;Ahmad Vaez ,&nbsp;Atena Najdian ,&nbsp;Alireza Jahanbin ,&nbsp;Seyed Reza Kasaei ,&nbsp;Sareh Mosleh-Shirazi ,&nbsp;Hesam Kamyab ,&nbsp;Tayebeh Khademi ,&nbsp;Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan ,&nbsp;Saravanan Rajendran","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Because of their exceptional electrical, mechanical, dimensional, chemical, and magnetic characteristics, MXenes have attracted an abundance of interest in scholarly study lately. According to recent developments and discoveries, MXene, a multilayered compound with a two-dimensional (2D) framework, has a lot greater promise for use in bioengineering and medical research than other nanosystems. These uses encompass medical procedures, administering medications, biosensor technologies, incorporation, antimicrobial agents, and biological imaging. MXenes are very attractive prospects for therapeutic, diagnostic, and theranostic use because of their distinctive features, which include their substantial conductivity to electricity, magnetic luminescence, wide extent of coverage, excellent biocompatibility, and low toxicological profile. Modifications to the MXene surfaces are biocompatible and serve a variety of purposes, such as directing ligands to certain locations for preferred aggregation, which makes them suitable for use in particular applications. A description of the properties, changes, and synthesis techniques of MXene nanostructures is presented in this work. The practical applications of MXene-derived nanostructures in biomedical fields are also thoroughly evaluated in this study, with an emphasis on implants, biosensing, biological imaging, antibacterial activities, and versatile therapeutic systems. The potential opportunities and difficulties related to the use of MXenes throughout the field of biological medicine are also covered in this paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100912"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nickel monoligand-MOF modified electrochemical sensor for the detection of neuroblastoma biomarker homovanillic acid","authors":"Shymaa S. Soliman ,&nbsp;Amr M. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Dina A. El Mously","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Early cancer detection is vital for successful clinical outcomes and for advancing public health. It is crucial to detect cancer early for prevention and better treatment. Electrochemical sensors have been developed for disease detection, especially cancer-based on biomarkers, due to their sensitivity, selectivity, affordability, and rapid response. Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer originating from neural crest stem cells and is the most prevalent extracranial tumour in infants.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The current study discusses the development of an electrochemical sensor for the detection of homovanillic acid (HVA), a tumour biomarker for neuroblastoma and other dopamine-related disorders. The electrochemical oxidation of HVA was investigated utilizing a carbon paste electrode modified with a nickel-based monoligand complex (ML/Ni–MOFs/CPE).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This modification significantly improved the electrode's sensitivity and electrocatalytic efficiency. Under optimized conditions, the sensor displayed a linear DPV response within the concentration range of 0.1 μM to 70.0 μM and achieved a low detection limit of 0.08 μM. Morphological and elemental analyses were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). These characterizations confirmed the uniform dispersion of nickel anchored onto the MOF sheets. Electrochemical performance was further evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The ML/Ni–MOFs/CPE electrode exhibited a markedly enhanced HVA oxidation peak current compared with the bare CPE, indicating improved electron transfer kinetics. The electrode demonstrated high reproducibility (RSD &lt; 2 %) and stability, along with good selectivity against common interferents such as creatinine, ascorbic acid, uric acid, and glucose. Application to spiked human urine samples yielded recovery values between 93.25 % and 97.60 %, confirming its analytical accuracy and reliability in biological matrices. The modified electrode retained over 90 % of its initial response after 60 days of storage under ambient conditions, demonstrating outstanding stability and durability.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>These findings highlight the potential of the proposed ML/Ni–MOFs/CPE sensor as a rapid, cost-effective, and reliable platform for HVA detection. Its robustness and successful application to urine samples highlight its potential for clinical diagnostics and early neuroblastoma diagnosis, supporting future integration into portable and point-of-care testing systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100909"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal-organic frameworks based on functionalized polydentate heteroatom linkers integrated by graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets on epoxy–graphite electrodes: Application in electrocatalytic determination of propranolol","authors":"Moayad Hossaini Sadr,&nbsp;Ali Pashazadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Functionalization of compounds is one of the most effective methods for creating new compounds with new properties and characteristics. Therefore, in this present study, multi-component nitrogen-containing compounds were utilized due to their high chemical reactivity and significant potential for structural modification. Accordingly, aliphatic and aromatic compounds incorporating oxygen and nitrogen atoms were selected as the most suitable candidates for achieving the objectives of this research. Therefore, in the first step, the 2,2′-benzimidazole compound was synthesized and subsequently functionalized with a halo-carboxylic acid derivative to form polydentate heteroatom linkers. The resulting MOFs composite were obtained through the coordination reaction between Cu (II) ions and the 2,2′-bibenzimidazole-dicarboxylic acid (BIMCA) ligand and g-C₃N₄ (GCN) on epoxy resin/graphite electrode (CEGEs) with Layer-by-Layer (LbL) chemical nucleation methods. The synthesized compounds were characterized using FT-IR, ¹H NMR, XRD, SEM, EDX, and melting point technique. The practical application of Cu-MOFs/GCN/CEGES and the electrochemical behavior of Propranolol (PROP) were examined in PBS medium through various electrochemical techniques, such as differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), chronoamperometry (CHA), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The essential parameters, such as the charge-transfer coefficient (α = 0.65), diffusion coefficient (D = 7.64 × 10⁻⁴ cm²/s) and catalytic rate constant (K_cat = 0.183 × 10⁴ cm³.mol⁻¹. s⁻¹), were evaluated for the electrocatalytic oxidation of PROP. The experimental findings show that the modified electrode successfully detects PROP through DPV, with a detection limit reaching 2.54 μM. Finally, the proposed electro-chemical sensing platform was successfully applied to determine low PROP concentrations in blood samples, suggesting its great applicability in clinical analysis and quality control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100913"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in nucleic acid-based detection of dengue virus: From RT-PCR to CRISPR biosensing technologies","authors":"Shabarni Gaffar ,&nbsp;Santhy Wyantuti ,&nbsp;Hesti Lina Wiraswati ,&nbsp;Yeni Wahyuni Hartati ,&nbsp;Irkham Irkham ,&nbsp;Salma Nur Zakiyyah ,&nbsp;Muhammad Yusuf ,&nbsp;Toto Subroto ,&nbsp;Dewi Astriani ,&nbsp;Dani Permana ,&nbsp;Abdullahi Umar Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Pwadubashiyi Coston Pwavodi","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dengue virus (DENV) is a global health concern, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Rapid, cost-effective, and sensitive diagnostics are essential for point-of-care testing (POCT), genotyping, and surveillance. Current nucleic acid (NA)-based methods, such as RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR, and isothermal techniques like RT-LAMP, are widely used but limited by cost, processing time, and equipment needs. Nanomaterial-based NA-biosensors have shown excellent potential for enhancing sensitivity, yet challenges remain in reproducibility, regulatory approval, and adaptability under variable field conditions. Recently, CRISPR-based diagnostics have gained attention for their high specificity, sensitivity, and rapid results, making them ideal for POCT. This review summarizes the evolution of NA-based DENV detection methods, from PCR and isothermal amplification to nanomaterial-based and CRISPR-based biosensors. CRISPR/Cas systems have achieved detection limits to picomolar, femtomolar, and attomolar levels, highlighting their potential for field-deployable diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100908"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging gaps in neurocare: Validation of Fabric as a Sensor (FaaS)TM as a brainwave neuro-sensing technology","authors":"A.M. Bradford ,&nbsp;A.T. McDaniel ,&nbsp;K. Ricanek ,&nbsp;L.H. Schroeder ,&nbsp;D. Cobble ,&nbsp;A. ElSaid ,&nbsp;L. Smith ,&nbsp;R. Cooley ,&nbsp;J. Van Meter ,&nbsp;C. Dubois","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electroencephalography (EEG) is routinely employed by clinicians to assess sleep quality and to identify various neurological and physiological disorders. Recent epidemiological evidence indicates that sleep disorders affect approximately 30 % of the global adult population, with prevalence continuing to rise. The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a novel pillow-top, EEG-based prototype designed to assess early-stage sleep quality. Thirty adult participants were recruited for three-hour sessions during which they reclined on a bed with their heads positioned on the prototype device. A traditional EEG electrode coated with conductive gel was affixed to the center of the forehead to serve as a reference signal. Custom MATLAB algorithms were developed to compare data captured by the novel prototype to that obtained from the reference electrode. Following preprocessing procedures to reduce noise and exclude inactive channels, frequency-domain analyses were conducted to assess signal-to-noise ratios for alpha waves (8–13 Hz) across 30-s epochs. Correlation analyses were subsequently performed using five-minute rolling averages between the reference and prototype datasets. Although data quality varied across sessions due to factors currently being addressed in the subsequent fabric-integrated system, correlations as high as 0.79 were observed between the reference signal and aggregated outputs from the 64-channel pillow-top array of silver–chloride transducers. These findings establish a proof-of-concept for the prototype and have informed several strategies to optimize device performance. Ongoing refinements include the integration of silver–chloride sensor strands directly woven into the pillow-top fabric and the incorporation of a contoured pillow design to enhance head contact and signal fidelity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100902"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}