Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100898
Prathamesh Prabhu , A. Pon Bharathi , U. Arun Kumar , William Ochen
The detection of waterborne bacterial pathogens at trace concentrations remains a major obstacle in environmental and public health monitoring. This study introduces a terahertz hybrid metasurface biosensor combining barium titanate (BaTiO₃), MXene, and graphene to enable high sensitivity and real-time detection. Electromagnetic simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics show a peak sensitivity of 244 GHz/RIU, a figure of merit of 3.484, and quality factors between 6.829 and 6.986. The resonance frequency shifts exhibit a strong linear relationship (R2 > 0.99) with bacterial concentration, while transmittance ranges from 43.346 % to 43.982 % across refractive indices of 1.33–1.3921 RIU. Modulating the graphene chemical potential between 0.1 eV and 0.9 eV enhances tunability, and the sensor maintains stable performance at incident angles from 0° to 80°. Machine learning analysis confirms predictive precision with mean squared errors of 6 × 10−6–9 × 10−6 and R2 values above 0.9997. The proposed metasurface biosensor provides a scalable, label-free, and highly responsive platform for detecting waterborne pathogens in environmental, clinical, and water quality applications.
{"title":"Hybrid BaTiO₃-MXene-graphene metasurface biosensor for ultra-sensitive terahertz detection of waterborne bacterial pathogens","authors":"Prathamesh Prabhu , A. Pon Bharathi , U. Arun Kumar , William Ochen","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The detection of waterborne bacterial pathogens at trace concentrations remains a major obstacle in environmental and public health monitoring. This study introduces a terahertz hybrid metasurface biosensor combining barium titanate (BaTiO₃), MXene, and graphene to enable high sensitivity and real-time detection. Electromagnetic simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics show a peak sensitivity of 244 GHz/RIU, a figure of merit of 3.484, and quality factors between 6.829 and 6.986. The resonance frequency shifts exhibit a strong linear relationship (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.99) with bacterial concentration, while transmittance ranges from 43.346 % to 43.982 % across refractive indices of 1.33–1.3921 RIU. Modulating the graphene chemical potential between 0.1 eV and 0.9 eV enhances tunability, and the sensor maintains stable performance at incident angles from 0° to 80°. Machine learning analysis confirms predictive precision with mean squared errors of 6 × 10<sup>−6</sup>–9 × 10<sup>−6</sup> and R<sup>2</sup> values above 0.9997. The proposed metasurface biosensor provides a scalable, label-free, and highly responsive platform for detecting waterborne pathogens in environmental, clinical, and water quality applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100898"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100895
Jianjun Kang , Xue Lin , Chen Lin , Wuyuan Pan , Jian Wang , Fang Ke
Levodopa (L-DOPA) is a crucial neurotransmitter utilized in the treatment of neurological disorders, particularly in Parkinson's disease, where its concentration in biological fluids serves as a key diagnostic marker. Despite its significance, current methods for L-DOPA detection often suffer from limitations such as prolonged detection times, low sensitivity and weak anti-interference. This study addresses these challenges by introducing a highly efficient and colorimetric sensor for the rapid detection of L-DOPA, utilizing manganese-doped graphitic carbon nitride (Mn-g-C3N4) as a peroxidase-mimetic catalyst. The sensor employs 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine as a substrate and achieves detection within 20 s, with a linear response over the concentration ranges of 1–10 μM and 20–90 μM, and the detection limits were 0.049 μM and 0.51 μM, respectively. The method has good specificity for L-DOPA and has been successfully applied to human serum even in the presence of interference from dopamine and other amino acids. In addition, the sensor exhibits satisfactory performance in smartphone-based L-DOPA detection. The novel sensor platform offers a simple, cost-effective, and scalable solution for real-time L-DOPA monitoring, with significant potential for applications in both clinical and environmental contexts.
{"title":"Manganese-doped g-C3N4 nanozyme-based smartphone platform for rapid L-DOPA detection in clinical samples","authors":"Jianjun Kang , Xue Lin , Chen Lin , Wuyuan Pan , Jian Wang , Fang Ke","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Levodopa (L-DOPA) is a crucial neurotransmitter utilized in the treatment of neurological disorders, particularly in Parkinson's disease, where its concentration in biological fluids serves as a key diagnostic marker. Despite its significance, current methods for L-DOPA detection often suffer from limitations such as prolonged detection times, low sensitivity and weak anti-interference. This study addresses these challenges by introducing a highly efficient and colorimetric sensor for the rapid detection of L-DOPA, utilizing manganese-doped graphitic carbon nitride (Mn-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) as a peroxidase-mimetic catalyst. The sensor employs 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine as a substrate and achieves detection within 20 s, with a linear response over the concentration ranges of 1–10 μM and 20–90 μM, and the detection limits were 0.049 μM and 0.51 μM, respectively. The method has good specificity for L-DOPA and has been successfully applied to human serum even in the presence of interference from dopamine and other amino acids. In addition, the sensor exhibits satisfactory performance in smartphone-based L-DOPA detection. The novel sensor platform offers a simple, cost-effective, and scalable solution for real-time L-DOPA monitoring, with significant potential for applications in both clinical and environmental contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100895"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The excessive use of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) results in severe environmental damage and problems with food safety. A sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for fenitrothion (FNT) detection is crucial for environmental protection and public health. Nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor based on EDTA/poly(vanillin)/GCE was fabricated for detection of FNT. The electrochemical properties of the sensor were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). SWV results demonstrate that manufactured electrodes can be employed for sensing of harmful FNT pollutants from a wide linear range of 1.0–200 μM, LOD of 0.94 μM and a remarkable sensitivity of 0.6994 μAμM−1, a recovery in the range of 83.10–114.36 % vegetable samples. Furthermore, even in the presence of multiple potential coexisting substances, including cationic, anionic, and organic compounds, the sensor's anti-interference ability allows for the precise detection of FNT. For the quantification of FNT, the produced sensor offers remarkable repeatability and reproducibility. This could spur innovation for remarkably accurate and dependable FNT monitoring in environmental monitoring for real-time applications. Our research, in our opinion, produced a new avenue for the development of sensors for precise and dependable electrocatalytic detecting systems that offer vegetable safety and quality for real-time environmental quality control applications.
{"title":"A non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for voltammetric detection of fenitrothion pesticide","authors":"Adisie Kassa , Bewketu Mehari , Atnafu Guadie , Andualem Ejigu , Molla Tefera","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The excessive use of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) results in severe environmental damage and problems with food safety. A sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for fenitrothion (FNT) detection is crucial for environmental protection and public health. Nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor based on EDTA/poly(vanillin)/GCE was fabricated for detection of FNT. The electrochemical properties of the sensor were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). SWV results demonstrate that manufactured electrodes can be employed for sensing of harmful FNT pollutants from a wide linear range of 1.0–200 μM, LOD of 0.94 μM and a remarkable sensitivity of 0.6994 μAμM<sup>−1</sup>, a recovery in the range of 83.10–114.36 % vegetable samples. Furthermore, even in the presence of multiple potential coexisting substances, including cationic, anionic, and organic compounds, the sensor's anti-interference ability allows for the precise detection of FNT. For the quantification of FNT, the produced sensor offers remarkable repeatability and reproducibility. This could spur innovation for remarkably accurate and dependable FNT monitoring in environmental monitoring for real-time applications. Our research, in our opinion, produced a new avenue for the development of sensors for precise and dependable electrocatalytic detecting systems that offer vegetable safety and quality for real-time environmental quality control applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100896"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100892
Nadrahtul Huda Misral , Emma Izzati Zakariah , Tengku Sarah Tengku Md Fauzi , Syaza Azhari , Noraisyah Abdul Kadir Jilani , Nurul Hidayah Abdul Razak , Suhaila Sapari , Fazira Ilyana Abdul Razak , Siti Aishah Hasbullah
A cost-effective electrochemical sensor was developed for the selective detection of Pb(II) ions using a new bis-indolylmethane (BIM) derivative immobilised on SBA-15 mesoporous silica, deposited onto a carbon screen-printed electrode (CSPE). BIM derivative plays a key role in enhancing Pb(II) ions selectivity through its electron-rich nitrogen donor sites, which facilitate stable complexation with Pb(II) ions. Characterisation via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed successful incorporation of BIM into SBA-15's hexagonal mesopores. The sensor exhibited electrocatalytic activity, detecting Pb(II) ions oxidation at −0.52 V vs Ag/AgCl using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). It demonstrated a linear response over the concentration range of 1 × 10−5 M to 4 × 10−3 M (R2 = 0.9963), with a detection limit (LOD) of 6.8 × 10−6 M. Importantly, the detection potential at −0.52 V vs Ag/AgCl was observed to be characteristic only for Pb(II) ions, thereby minimizing interference from other heavy metals and organic compounds that are not electroactive within this potential window. The sensor showed a high reproducibility (2.5 % of RSD), attributed to the stability of the current response enabled by the proposed fabrication. Application to Allium tuberosum samples yielded the highest recovery rate of 97.61 %, aligned with results obtained via atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Notably, this specific combination of BIM derivative and SBA-15 on CSPE for Pb(II) ions sensing has not been previously reported, marking a key innovation of this study. This simple, low-maintenance sensor offers a promising alternative for real-time, on-site monitoring of Pb(II) ions contamination, contributing to environmental and food safety application.
利用新型双吲哚基甲烷（BIM）衍生物固定在SBA-15介孔二氧化硅上，沉积在碳丝网印刷电极（CSPE）上，开发了一种具有成本效益的电化学传感器，用于选择性检测Pb（II）离子。BIM衍生物通过其富含电子的氮供体位点，促进与Pb（II）离子的稳定络合，在提高Pb（II）离子的选择性方面发挥了关键作用。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）和x射线衍射（XRD）的表征证实了BIM成功地结合到SBA-15的六边形介孔中。该传感器表现出电催化活性，在−0.52 V vs Ag/AgCl下使用差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）检测Pb（II）离子的氧化。在1 × 10−5 M至4 × 10−3 M的浓度范围内呈线性响应（R2 = 0.9963），检测限（LOD）为6.8 × 10−6 M。重要的是，在- 0.52 V vs Ag/AgCl下的检测电位仅对Pb（II）离子具有特征，从而最大限度地减少了来自其他重金属和有机化合物的干扰，这些重金属和有机化合物在该电位窗口内不具有电活性。该传感器显示出高再现性（RSD的2.5%），这归功于所提出的制造所实现的电流响应的稳定性。应用于大葱样品中，回收率最高，为97.61%，与原子吸收光谱（AAS）测定结果一致。值得注意的是，这种BIM衍生物和SBA-15在CSPE上用于Pb（II）离子传感的特定组合之前没有报道，这标志着本研究的关键创新。这种简单，低维护的传感器为实时，现场监测Pb（II）离子污染提供了一种有前途的替代方案，有助于环境和食品安全应用。
{"title":"High reproducibility of facile Pb(II) ion electrochemical sensor based on BIM/SBA-15","authors":"Nadrahtul Huda Misral , Emma Izzati Zakariah , Tengku Sarah Tengku Md Fauzi , Syaza Azhari , Noraisyah Abdul Kadir Jilani , Nurul Hidayah Abdul Razak , Suhaila Sapari , Fazira Ilyana Abdul Razak , Siti Aishah Hasbullah","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A cost-effective electrochemical sensor was developed for the selective detection of Pb(II) ions using a new bis-indolylmethane (<strong>BIM</strong>) derivative immobilised on SBA-15 mesoporous silica, deposited onto a carbon screen-printed electrode (CSPE). <strong>BIM</strong> derivative plays a key role in enhancing Pb(II) ions selectivity through its electron-rich nitrogen donor sites, which facilitate stable complexation with Pb(II) ions. Characterisation via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed successful incorporation of <strong>BIM</strong> into SBA-15's hexagonal mesopores. The sensor exhibited electrocatalytic activity, detecting Pb(II) ions oxidation at −0.52 V vs Ag/AgCl using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). It demonstrated a linear response over the concentration range of 1 × 10<sup>−5</sup> M to 4 × 10<sup>−3</sup> M (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9963), with a detection limit (LOD) of 6.8 × 10<sup>−6</sup> M. Importantly, the detection potential at −0.52 V vs Ag/AgCl was observed to be characteristic only for Pb(II) ions, thereby minimizing interference from other heavy metals and organic compounds that are not electroactive within this potential window. The sensor showed a high reproducibility (2.5 % of RSD), attributed to the stability of the current response enabled by the proposed fabrication. Application to <em>Allium tuberosum</em> samples yielded the highest recovery rate of 97.61 %, aligned with results obtained via atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Notably, this specific combination of <strong>BIM</strong> derivative and SBA-15 on CSPE for Pb(II) ions sensing has not been previously reported, marking a key innovation of this study. This simple, low-maintenance sensor offers a promising alternative for real-time, on-site monitoring of Pb(II) ions contamination, contributing to environmental and food safety application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100892"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The antimony oxide/nickel antimonate nanorods were prepared via a simple hydrothermal route using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as the surfactant. The composite nanorods are composed of orthorhombic Sb2O3 and tetragonal NiSb2O6 phases, and have a length of longer than 1 μm, diameter of around 80 nm. The formation and growth of the antimony oxide/nickel antimonate nanorods were analyzed systematically by adjusting the PVP concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time. Glassy carbon electrode was modified by the antimony oxide/nickel antimonate nanorods for Co ions detection. There is an anodic peak at +0.61 V at the antimony oxide/nickel antimonate nanorods-modified electrode in 1 mM Co2+ solution with 0.1 M KCl. The optimum adsorption sites for Co adsorption on the antimony oxide/nickel antimonate nanorods were identified by density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The optimized pH, deposition time and potential, standing time for Co2+ detection are pH = 7, 120 s, −1.5 V and 40 s, respectively. The linear range and detection limit are 0.001–1000 μM and 0.12 nM, respectively. The antimony oxide/nickel antimonate nanorods-modified electrode demonstrates good sensing performance for detecting Co2+ which can potentially be applied to detect Co2+ ions in liquid environment.
{"title":"Facile synthesis of antimony oxide/nickel antimonate nanorods with highly-efficient sensing performance for Co ions detection","authors":"Chenxu Feng, Jiong Zhou, Jiamao Li, Xuewen Qiang, Zhengyu Cai, Lizhai Pei","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The antimony oxide/nickel antimonate nanorods were prepared via a simple hydrothermal route using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as the surfactant. The composite nanorods are composed of orthorhombic Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and tetragonal NiSb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> phases, and have a length of longer than 1 μm, diameter of around 80 nm. The formation and growth of the antimony oxide/nickel antimonate nanorods were analyzed systematically by adjusting the PVP concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time. Glassy carbon electrode was modified by the antimony oxide/nickel antimonate nanorods for Co ions detection. There is an anodic peak at +0.61 V at the antimony oxide/nickel antimonate nanorods-modified electrode in 1 mM Co<sup>2+</sup> solution with 0.1 M KCl. The optimum adsorption sites for Co adsorption on the antimony oxide/nickel antimonate nanorods were identified by density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The optimized pH, deposition time and potential, standing time for Co<sup>2+</sup> detection are pH = 7, 120 s, −1.5 V and 40 s, respectively. The linear range and detection limit are 0.001–1000 μM and 0.12 nM, respectively. The antimony oxide/nickel antimonate nanorods-modified electrode demonstrates good sensing performance for detecting Co<sup>2+</sup> which can potentially be applied to detect Co<sup>2+</sup> ions in liquid environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100891"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100893
Fatemeh Ghashghaei Zadeh , Mahdi Salami Hosseini , Mehdi Salami-Kalajahi
In the present study, a dual pH- and glucose-responsive polymer based on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) functionalized with 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid (p(HEMA-CPBA)) is successfully synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization at three different degrees of polymerization: 20, 40, and 200 with narrow dispersities (Đ) of 1.15, 1.17, and 1.18, respectively. The pKa values of p(HEMA-CPBA) are measured ∼7.7, 7.9, and 8.0 using the titration method and 7.78, 7.97, and 8.17 using the spectral difference method. Glucose responsiveness is verified by particle size increase of the synthesized polymer upon increasing glucose concentration from 0 to 3 mg/mL due to glucose‑boronate complex formation. P(HEMA-CPBA) is further evaluated for insulin encapsulation efficiency to release it in response to glucose concentration. Insulin encapsulation efficiencies are 76.2, 69.7, and 58.7 % for HP20, HP40, and HP200 with corresponding loading capacities of 19.3, 17.5, and 14.6 %, respectively. In vitro release studies at pH 7.4 show glucose-dependent insulin release, with HP40 achieving up to 65 % cumulative release at 3 mg/mL glucose. The synthesized polymers show ∼90 % cell viability for HFF-2 cells, showing low toxicity. Fluorescence microscopy confirms preserved cell morphology showing p(HEMA-CPBA) as biocompatible platform for diabetic treatments.
{"title":"Smart dual-responsive poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)/phenylboronic acid systems for diabetes management: role of molecular weight in controlled insulin release","authors":"Fatemeh Ghashghaei Zadeh , Mahdi Salami Hosseini , Mehdi Salami-Kalajahi","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, a dual pH- and glucose-responsive polymer based on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) functionalized with 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid (p(HEMA-CPBA)) is successfully synthesized <em>via</em> reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization at three different degrees of polymerization: 20, 40, and 200 with narrow dispersities (Đ) of 1.15, 1.17, and 1.18, respectively. The p<em>K</em><sub><em>a</em></sub> values of p(HEMA-CPBA) are measured ∼7.7, 7.9, and 8.0 using the titration method and 7.78, 7.97, and 8.17 using the spectral difference method. Glucose responsiveness is verified by particle size increase of the synthesized polymer upon increasing glucose concentration from 0 to 3 mg/mL due to glucose‑boronate complex formation. P(HEMA-CPBA) is further evaluated for insulin encapsulation efficiency to release it in response to glucose concentration. Insulin encapsulation efficiencies are 76.2, 69.7, and 58.7 % for HP20, HP40, and HP200 with corresponding loading capacities of 19.3, 17.5, and 14.6 %, respectively. <em>In vitro</em> release studies at pH 7.4 show glucose-dependent insulin release, with HP40 achieving up to 65 % cumulative release at 3 mg/mL glucose. The synthesized polymers show ∼90 % cell viability for HFF-2 cells, showing low toxicity. Fluorescence microscopy confirms preserved cell morphology showing p(HEMA-CPBA) as biocompatible platform for diabetic treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100893"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100894
Noha Shalabny , Mahmood Ali Saleh , Alexander Snezhko , Gad D. Vatine , Hadar Ben-Yoav
Neurons communicate through electrical signals and chemical messengers such as neurotransmitters (NTs). Disruptions between the action potential and the neurotransmitter release have been noted in disorders such as Parkinson's disease. However, monitoring the profiles of neurotransmitters released by neurons remains challenging. Electrochemical transduction methods provide powerful analytical tools for characterizing neurotransmitters; however, current electrochemical sensors work according to the lock-and-key approach and detect only single types of neurotransmitters, thus overlooking neurophysiological information from other neurotransmitters. Here, we present a novel holistic approach for in situ analysis of multiple redox-active neurotransmitters released by neurons. This approach is based on a high temporal resolution technique (fast-scan cyclic voltammetry; 8.5 ms transient readings) to record electrochemical signals generated by the neurotransmitters' profile using microelectrodes (100 μm in diameter). We recorded the electrochemical signals from motor neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells that were cultured on the microelectrode array. We recorded changes in the electrochemical signals generated by the neurons due to their chemical stimulation with potassium chloride (KCl; a chemical known to induce depolarization and enhance neuronal firing). The presence of KCl led to a significant increase in charge from 2320 ± 30 μC (no stimulation) to 2750 ± 70 μC and 3150 ± 64 μC with 30 mM and 90 mM KCl, respectively. These findings demonstrate our approach's potential for studying neurochemical communication and thereby advancing personalized therapies for neurological disorders. By enabling in situ neurotransmitter profiling from patient-derived cells, offering valuable insights into patient-specific diagnostics and treatment strategies.
{"title":"A novel electrochemical sensor for in situ analysis of neurotransmitter profiles generated by induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons","authors":"Noha Shalabny , Mahmood Ali Saleh , Alexander Snezhko , Gad D. Vatine , Hadar Ben-Yoav","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neurons communicate through electrical signals and chemical messengers such as neurotransmitters (NTs). Disruptions between the action potential and the neurotransmitter release have been noted in disorders such as Parkinson's disease. However, monitoring the profiles of neurotransmitters released by neurons remains challenging. Electrochemical transduction methods provide powerful analytical tools for characterizing neurotransmitters; however, current electrochemical sensors work according to the lock-and-key approach and detect only single types of neurotransmitters, thus overlooking neurophysiological information from other neurotransmitters. Here, we present a novel holistic approach for <em>in situ</em> analysis of multiple redox-active neurotransmitters released by neurons. This approach is based on a high temporal resolution technique (fast-scan cyclic voltammetry; 8.5 ms transient readings) to record electrochemical signals generated by the neurotransmitters' profile using microelectrodes (100 μm in diameter). We recorded the electrochemical signals from motor neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells that were cultured on the microelectrode array. We recorded changes in the electrochemical signals generated by the neurons due to their chemical stimulation with potassium chloride (KCl; a chemical known to induce depolarization and enhance neuronal firing). The presence of KCl led to a significant increase in charge from 2320 ± 30 μC (no stimulation) to 2750 ± 70 μC and 3150 ± 64 μC with 30 mM and 90 mM KCl, respectively. These findings demonstrate our approach's potential for studying neurochemical communication and thereby advancing personalized therapies for neurological disorders. By enabling <em>in situ</em> neurotransmitter profiling from patient-derived cells, offering valuable insights into patient-specific diagnostics and treatment strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100894"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100885
Arturo Vera , Ivo Calaresu , Isidoro Martínez , Rubén Guerrero , Denis Scaini , Guillermo de Arana Schoebel , Jaime J. Hernandez , Isabel Rodríguez , Rodolfo Miranda , Eduardo Daniel Martín , Julio Camarero , María Teresa González , Lucas Pérez , Laura Ballerini
Recording the neural activity that originates from action potential dynamics has long been a major pursuit in neuroscience and, specifically, to develop neural interfaces, which are crucial for probing and understanding the nervous tissue. Conventional electrodes and emergent optical imaging (using genetically encoded fluorescence indicators) are complementary technologies to measure neuronal activity in-vivo but present intrinsic and general physical constraints. While optical imaging is difficult to translate in humans due to the strong genetic perturbations it involves, recordings through rigid implanted electrodes get frequently compromised over time by the foreign body reaction of the tissue that hinders the charge transfer to the electrode. In this scenario, magnetic sensing technologies can open further possibilities. Their working principle does not require intimate contact or charge transfer with the neural tissue and allows for well-tested soft polymeric coatings, which can facilitate the long-term functionality of implanted monitoring interfaces. Here, we report on the development of spintronic-based magnetic sensors able to detect neuronal activity emerging from spinal cord slices in physiological conditions at room temperature and with no magnetic shielding. We pharmacologically weaken synaptic inhibition inducing a switch from random to synchronous generation of action potentials, characterized by the appearance of slow-paced bursting in SCSs. The biological nature of the signals recorded was assessed by pharmacological removal of action potentials by tetrodotoxin and also by performing live Ca2+ imaging recordings simultaneously with magnetophysiology. Our results pave the way towards developing implanted devices that detect magnetic fields from neuronal activity for daily life applications.
{"title":"In-vitro real-time magnetic recording of neuronal activity on spinal cord slices","authors":"Arturo Vera , Ivo Calaresu , Isidoro Martínez , Rubén Guerrero , Denis Scaini , Guillermo de Arana Schoebel , Jaime J. Hernandez , Isabel Rodríguez , Rodolfo Miranda , Eduardo Daniel Martín , Julio Camarero , María Teresa González , Lucas Pérez , Laura Ballerini","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recording the neural activity that originates from action potential dynamics has long been a major pursuit in neuroscience and, specifically, to develop neural interfaces, which are crucial for probing and understanding the nervous tissue. Conventional electrodes and emergent optical imaging (using genetically encoded fluorescence indicators) are complementary technologies to measure neuronal activity in-vivo but present intrinsic and general physical constraints. While optical imaging is difficult to translate in humans due to the strong genetic perturbations it involves, recordings through rigid implanted electrodes get frequently compromised over time by the foreign body reaction of the tissue that hinders the charge transfer to the electrode. In this scenario, magnetic sensing technologies can open further possibilities. Their working principle does not require intimate contact or charge transfer with the neural tissue and allows for well-tested soft polymeric coatings, which can facilitate the long-term functionality of implanted monitoring interfaces. Here, we report on the development of spintronic-based magnetic sensors able to detect neuronal activity emerging from spinal cord slices in physiological conditions at room temperature and with no magnetic shielding. We pharmacologically weaken synaptic inhibition inducing a switch from random to synchronous generation of action potentials, characterized by the appearance of slow-paced bursting in SCSs. The biological nature of the signals recorded was assessed by pharmacological removal of action potentials by tetrodotoxin and also by performing live Ca2+ imaging recordings simultaneously with magnetophysiology. Our results pave the way towards developing implanted devices that detect magnetic fields from neuronal activity for daily life applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100885"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, a novel and highly responsive biosensor was engineered for the identification of ractopamine (RAC), an illicit additive used to stimulate muscle development in farm animals. A hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) was synthesized via a simple, economical, and environmentally friendly approach. To reinforce the electrochemical performance, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were integrated into the HOF, thereby enlarging the electrode's active surface area and facilitating greater immobilization of RAC-specific aptamers (Apt). The successful immobilization of Apt RAC on the Ag@HOF-coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was validated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). This sensing platform displayed a wide linear detection range from 0.01 fM - 0.25 nM, with an outstanding detection limit of 4 aM. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrated excellent specificity against potential interfering agents. Its reliable performance was also confirmed in complex biological samples, including milk and meat, indicating strong potential for practical, real-world applications.
在这项研究中，设计了一种新型的高响应生物传感器，用于识别莱克多巴胺（RAC），莱克多巴胺是一种用于刺激农场动物肌肉发育的非法添加剂。采用简单、经济、环保的方法合成了一种氢键有机骨架（HOF）。为了增强电化学性能，将银纳米粒子（Ag NPs）集成到HOF中，从而扩大电极的活性表面积，并促进rac特异性适配体（Apt）的固定化。利用循环伏安法（CV）和电化学阻抗谱法（EIS）验证了Apt RAC在Ag@HOF-coated玻碳电极（GCE）上的成功固定。该传感平台的线性检测范围为0.01 fM - 0.25 nM，检测限为4 aM。此外，该传感器对潜在干扰物表现出良好的特异性。在包括牛奶和肉类在内的复杂生物样品中也证实了其可靠的性能，表明其在实际应用中的强大潜力。
{"title":"A highly sensitive and selective one-dimensional Ag@hydrogen-bonded organic framework-based biosensor for the detection of the prohibited food additive ractopamine","authors":"Mahmoud Roushani , Fatemeh Hamdi , Azam Zare Asadabadi , S. Jafar Hoseini","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel and highly responsive biosensor was engineered for the identification of ractopamine (RAC), an illicit additive used to stimulate muscle development in farm animals. A hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) was synthesized via a simple, economical, and environmentally friendly approach. To reinforce the electrochemical performance, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were integrated into the HOF, thereby enlarging the electrode's active surface area and facilitating greater immobilization of RAC-specific aptamers (Apt). The successful immobilization of Apt RAC on the Ag@HOF-coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was validated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). This sensing platform displayed a wide linear detection range from 0.01 fM - 0.25 nM, with an outstanding detection limit of 4 aM. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrated excellent specificity against potential interfering agents. Its reliable performance was also confirmed in complex biological samples, including milk and meat, indicating strong potential for practical, real-world applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100883"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100886
Sujuan Sun , Junqing Yang , Xinya Han
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most common and important pathogenic bacteria and is the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. Sortase A (SrtA), a cell surface-anchored transpeptidase in S. aureus, plays a critical role in the attachment of virulence-associated proteins to the cell wall. Given that SrtA is not directly involved in bacterial survival but mainly regulates pathogenicity, it has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for developing anti-virulence strategies. Quantitative analysis of SrtA activity provides valuable insights into S. aureus colonization levels and virulence potential. Moreover, the detection method for SrtA facilitates the screening of inhibitors, and contributes to not only fundamental biological research but also pharmaceutical development and medical diagnostics. In this review, we discuss recent advances and modern techniques in novel methods for identifying SrtA activity, such as porous silicon resonant microcavities (pSiRM), magnetic nanoparticles, fluorescent proteins, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based technologies. Additionally, we provide an objective evaluation of current biosensing technologies including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), fluorescent, and electrochemical biosensors, with particular emphasis on their respective advantages and limitations in SrtA activity detection and inhibitor screening. This review aims to provide scientific evidence and potential strategies for developing new therapies against drug-resistant S. aureus while highlighting promising directions for next-generation anti-infective strategies.
{"title":"Advances in the detection of Sortase A activity in Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Sujuan Sun , Junqing Yang , Xinya Han","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>) is one of the most common and important pathogenic bacteria and is the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. Sortase A (SrtA), a cell surface-anchored transpeptidase in <em>S. aureus</em>, plays a critical role in the attachment of virulence-associated proteins to the cell wall. Given that SrtA is not directly involved in bacterial survival but mainly regulates pathogenicity, it has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for developing anti-virulence strategies. Quantitative analysis of SrtA activity provides valuable insights into <em>S. aureus</em> colonization levels and virulence potential. Moreover, the detection method for SrtA facilitates the screening of inhibitors, and contributes to not only fundamental biological research but also pharmaceutical development and medical diagnostics. In this review, we discuss recent advances and modern techniques in novel methods for identifying SrtA activity, such as porous silicon resonant microcavities (pSiRM), magnetic nanoparticles, fluorescent proteins, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based technologies. Additionally, we provide an objective evaluation of current biosensing technologies including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), fluorescent, and electrochemical biosensors, with particular emphasis on their respective advantages and limitations in SrtA activity detection and inhibitor screening. This review aims to provide scientific evidence and potential strategies for developing new therapies against drug-resistant <em>S. aureus</em> while highlighting promising directions for next-generation anti-infective strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100886"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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