Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research最新文献_第7页

Nanocarbon induced graphene platelet suspension for generation of dopant free filter paper based electrochemical biosensor 纳米碳诱导石墨烯血小板悬浮液制备无掺杂滤纸电化学生物传感器

IF 4.9 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100906

Piyush Kumar , Santosh K. Misra

The chemical dissimilarity of nanoparticle dopants with surface coating materials has been found to tune the electrical and surface properties of carbon coated paper-based biosensing devices majorly due to surface inhomogeneity and reduced sensitivity. Herein we present a dopant free carbon nanomaterial suspension to improve the electrical properties of a smartly fabricated model paper-based biosensing platform. The nanocarbon induced graphene platelet suspension (NanoGPS), was found to have better aqueous suspendability and homogeneity to achieve enhanced electrical properties. NanoGPS has been thoroughly characterized using various physico-chemical methods to confirm the introduction of nanocarbon in exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). To probe the improvised efficiency of optimized dopant free NanoGPS, it was utilized to fabricate a model system of electrically active paper device (Elecro-PAD) and used for the non-invasive detection of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in simulated saliva for plausible oral cancer diagnosis. The Electro-PAD was tested in different complex matrices and showed a limit of detection (LoD) and limit of quantification of ∼2.0 nM and ∼6 nM, respectively. The device has been also benchmarked against gold standard conventional ELISA method and the results were found to be comparable with recovery percentage of more than 90 % at different clinically relevant concentrations. Thus, the strategy of generating dopant free Nano-GPS has been found to be an effective approach for the improvement of electrical properties of GNP, while avoiding the use of conventional dopants.

纳米颗粒掺杂剂与表面涂层材料的化学差异，主要是由于表面不均匀性和灵敏度降低，从而调整了碳涂层纸基生物传感器件的电学和表面性能。在此，我们提出了一种无掺杂的碳纳米材料悬浮液，以改善智能制造模型纸基生物传感平台的电学性能。纳米碳诱导的石墨烯血小板悬浮液（NanoGPS）具有更好的水悬浮性和均匀性，从而提高了电性能。使用各种物理化学方法对NanoGPS进行了彻底的表征，以确认在剥离的石墨烯纳米片（GNP）中引入了纳米碳。为了探索优化后的无掺杂纳米ogps的改进效率，利用其制作了电活性纸装置（electro - pad）模型系统，并用于模拟唾液中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的无创检测，以合理诊断口腔癌。Electro-PAD在不同的复合基质中进行了测试，检测限（LoD）和定量限分别为~ 2.0 nM和~ 6 nM。该装置还与金标准常规ELISA法进行了基准测试，结果发现在不同临床相关浓度下，回收率均超过90%。因此，制备不含掺杂剂的纳米gps是改善GNP电性能的有效方法，同时避免了传统掺杂剂的使用。

{"title":"Nanocarbon induced graphene platelet suspension for generation of dopant free filter paper based electrochemical biosensor","authors":"Piyush Kumar , Santosh K. Misra","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The chemical dissimilarity of nanoparticle dopants with surface coating materials has been found to tune the electrical and surface properties of carbon coated paper-based biosensing devices majorly due to surface inhomogeneity and reduced sensitivity. Herein we present a dopant free carbon nanomaterial suspension to improve the electrical properties of a smartly fabricated model paper-based biosensing platform. The nanocarbon induced graphene platelet suspension (NanoGPS), was found to have better aqueous suspendability and homogeneity to achieve enhanced electrical properties. NanoGPS has been thoroughly characterized using various physico-chemical methods to confirm the introduction of nanocarbon in exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). To probe the improvised efficiency of optimized dopant free NanoGPS, it was utilized to fabricate a model system of electrically active paper device (Elecro-PAD) and used for the non-invasive detection of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in simulated saliva for plausible oral cancer diagnosis. The Electro-PAD was tested in different complex matrices and showed a limit of detection (LoD) and limit of quantification of ∼2.0 nM and ∼6 nM, respectively. The device has been also benchmarked against gold standard conventional ELISA method and the results were found to be comparable with recovery percentage of more than 90 % at different clinically relevant concentrations. Thus, the strategy of generating dopant free Nano-GPS has been found to be an effective approach for the improvement of electrical properties of GNP, while avoiding the use of conventional dopants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100906"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A dual epitope-imprinted polymer@AuNP-MoS2 nanosheets-EQCM sensor for antibody free detection of SipD protein of Salmonella typhi bacteria with high selectivity 双表位印迹polymer@AuNP-MoS2纳米片- eqcm传感器用于高选择性检测伤寒沙门菌SipD蛋白

IF 4.9 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100899

Akriti Srivastava , Ashish Kumar Kushwaha , Pinky Sagar , Anirban Parida , Roop Shikha Singh , S.K. Srivastava , Richa Raghuwanshi , Gopal Nath , Meenakshi Singh

Dual-epitope imprinted EQCM sensor for selective and sensitive detection of Salmonella typhi bacterial protein is fabricated on gold nanoparticle decorated MoS₂ nanosheets (AuNPs-MoS₂NSs). Salmonella invasive protein D (SipD) binds to the needle protein and appears capable of interacting with the translocon complex to infect the host. Potential B cell antigenic epitope sequences from bacterial tip protein, SipD were intentionally tagged with cysteine and are used as dual templates to fabricate MIP sensor using methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), benzyl methacrylate (BMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) as monomers and N, N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide as a crosslinker. The monomers chosen through docking produced a DEIP-EQCM sensor. The sensor was able to show specific binding towards the blood samples of infected patients, even in the presence of ‘matrix’ of ‘real’ samples and other plasma proteins. It has shown excellent specificity, sensitivity and selectivity in sensing range of 100–1000 nM with detection limit 1.65 nM (Epitope I) and 0.025 nM (Epitope II) and limit of quantification as 5.03 nM (Epitope I) and 0.075 nM (Epitope II) for the two epitope sequences imprinted. Sip D protein binding was substantiated by SDS-PAGE analysis. The repetitive experimental runs could not mutilate the specific geometries of respective imprinted cavities and the DEIP-EQCM sensor can be proposed for antibody free detection of Sip D protein.

在纳米金修饰的MoS2纳米片（AuNPs-MoS2NSs）上制备了双表位印迹EQCM传感器，用于选择性和敏感性检测伤寒沙门氏菌蛋白。沙门氏菌侵袭性蛋白D （SipD）与针状蛋白结合，似乎能够与转座子复合物相互作用以感染宿主。利用半胱氨酸标记细菌尖端蛋白SipD的潜在B细胞抗原表位序列，以甲基丙烯酰氧乙基磷酸胆碱（MPC）、甲基丙烯酸甲酯（BMA）和甲基丙烯酸（MAA）为单体，N, N ' -亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂，作为双模板制备MIP传感器。通过对接选择的单体产生DEIP-EQCM传感器。该传感器能够显示出对感染患者血液样本的特异性结合，即使在“真实”样本和其他血浆蛋白的“基质”存在的情况下也是如此。该方法在100 ~ 1000 nM的检测范围内表现出良好的特异性、灵敏度和选择性，检测限分别为1.65 nM（表位I）和0.025 nM（表位II），定量限分别为5.03 nM（表位I）和0.075 nM（表位II）。SDS-PAGE分析证实了Sip D蛋白的结合。重复实验运行不会破坏相应印迹腔的特定几何形状，可以提出DEIP-EQCM传感器用于Sip D蛋白的无抗体检测。

{"title":"A dual epitope-imprinted polymer@AuNP-MoS2 nanosheets-EQCM sensor for antibody free detection of SipD protein of Salmonella typhi bacteria with high selectivity","authors":"Akriti Srivastava , Ashish Kumar Kushwaha , Pinky Sagar , Anirban Parida , Roop Shikha Singh , S.K. Srivastava , Richa Raghuwanshi , Gopal Nath , Meenakshi Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dual-epitope imprinted EQCM sensor for selective and sensitive detection of <em>Salmonella typhi</em> bacterial protein is fabricated on gold nanoparticle decorated MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets (AuNPs-MoS<sub>2</sub>NSs). Salmonella invasive protein D (SipD) binds to the needle protein and appears capable of interacting with the translocon complex to infect the host. Potential B cell antigenic epitope sequences from bacterial tip protein, SipD were intentionally tagged with cysteine and are used as dual templates to fabricate MIP sensor using methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), benzyl methacrylate (BMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) as monomers and <em>N</em>, <em>N</em>′-methylene-<em>bis</em>-acrylamide as a crosslinker. The monomers chosen through docking produced a DEIP-EQCM sensor. The sensor was able to show specific binding towards the blood samples of infected patients, even in the presence of ‘matrix’ of ‘real’ samples and other plasma proteins. It has shown excellent specificity, sensitivity and selectivity in sensing range of 100–1000 nM with detection limit 1.65 nM (Epitope I) and 0.025 nM (Epitope II) and limit of quantification as 5.03 nM (Epitope I) and 0.075 nM (Epitope II) for the two epitope sequences imprinted. Sip D protein binding was substantiated by SDS-PAGE analysis. The repetitive experimental runs could not mutilate the specific geometries of respective imprinted cavities and the DEIP-EQCM sensor can be proposed for antibody free detection of Sip D protein.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100899"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wavefront-modulated Fabry–Perot fiber biosensor for label-free lysozyme detection via coupling efficiency analysis 通过耦合效率分析，波前调制法布里-珀罗纤维生物传感器用于无标签溶菌酶检测

IF 4.9 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100901

Alain Castaño Andres , Javier Barroso , Joseba Zubia , Oskar Arrizabalaga

We report an antibody-mediated biorecognition strategy for the label-free detection of lysozyme using a fiber-based Fabry–Perot biosensor that leverages wavefront perturbation as its core transduction mechanism. Unlike conventional refractometric sensors, our approach detects wavefront-induced variations in the modal coupling efficiency (η), which are highly sensitive to subtle geometric deformations of the reflected beam at the sensing interface.

The biosensor integrates a microcavity at the tip of a single-mode fiber, covalently functionalized with anti-lysozyme antibodies. Upon antigen binding, the reflected wavefront is distorted, decreasing the overlap with the guided mode and thereby reducing η, which leads to measurable changes in the reflected spectrum.

Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis of the interference pattern enables highly sensitive, real-time quantification of lysozyme, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.782 ng/mL and a linear response from 50 to 1000 ppb, to the best of our knowledge the lowest LOD reported for fiber-based Fabry–Perot lysozyme biosensors. The modular design allows for antibody substitution without compromising optical performance, making the sensor adaptable to other targets. This work demonstrates a scalable, miniaturizable platform for selective biosensing based on wavefront modulation rather than bulk refractive index shifts, opening new possibilities in clinical, environmental, and industrial diagnostics.

我们报道了一种抗体介导的无标记检测溶菌酶的生物识别策略，使用基于纤维的法布里-珀罗生物传感器，利用波前扰动作为其核心转导机制。与传统的折射传感器不同，我们的方法可以检测波前引起的模态耦合效率（η）的变化，这对传感界面反射光束的细微几何变形非常敏感。该生物传感器集成了单模光纤尖端的微腔，与抗溶菌酶抗体共价功能化。在抗原结合后，反射波前被扭曲，减少了与引导模式的重叠，从而降低了η，从而导致反射光谱的可测量变化。干涉图的快速傅里叶变换（FFT）分析实现了对溶菌酶的高灵敏度、实时定量，检测限（LOD）为0.782 ng/mL，线性响应范围为50至1000 ppb，据我们所知，这是基于纤维的法布里-珀罗溶菌酶生物传感器的最低LOD。模块化设计允许抗体替代而不影响光学性能，使传感器适应其他目标。这项工作展示了一个可扩展的、可小型化的选择性生物传感平台，该平台基于波前调制而不是体折射率移动，为临床、环境和工业诊断开辟了新的可能性。

{"title":"Wavefront-modulated Fabry–Perot fiber biosensor for label-free lysozyme detection via coupling efficiency analysis","authors":"Alain Castaño Andres , Javier Barroso , Joseba Zubia , Oskar Arrizabalaga","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report an antibody-mediated biorecognition strategy for the label-free detection of lysozyme using a fiber-based Fabry–Perot biosensor that leverages wavefront perturbation as its core transduction mechanism. Unlike conventional refractometric sensors, our approach detects wavefront-induced variations in the modal coupling efficiency (<em>η</em>), which are highly sensitive to subtle geometric deformations of the reflected beam at the sensing interface.</div><div>The biosensor integrates a microcavity at the tip of a single-mode fiber, covalently functionalized with anti-lysozyme antibodies. Upon antigen binding, the reflected wavefront is distorted, decreasing the overlap with the guided mode and thereby reducing <em>η</em>, which leads to measurable changes in the reflected spectrum.</div><div>Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis of the interference pattern enables highly sensitive, real-time quantification of lysozyme, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.782 ng/mL and a linear response from 50 to 1000 ppb, to the best of our knowledge the lowest LOD reported for fiber-based Fabry–Perot lysozyme biosensors. The modular design allows for antibody substitution without compromising optical performance, making the sensor adaptable to other targets. This work demonstrates a scalable, miniaturizable platform for selective biosensing based on wavefront modulation rather than bulk refractive index shifts, opening new possibilities in clinical, environmental, and industrial diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100901"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthesis, characterization, and application of poly [Cu(Chr)2Cl]Cl/PGE based electrochemical sensor for the determination of Norfloxacin in pharmaceuticals and Milk samples 基于聚[Cu(Chr)2Cl]Cl/PGE电化学传感器的合成、表征及在药品和牛奶样品中诺氟沙星检测中的应用

IF 4.9 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100904

Abebaw Shitahun Ayicheh , Minaleshewa Atlabachew , Belete Asefa Aragaw , Amare Benor , Adane Kassa , Atakilt Abebe

Norfloxacin (Nor) is a drug belonging to the fluoroquinolones class, commonly used to treat bacterial infections of humans and animals. However, improper use, unmetabolized excretion, and overuse of Nor can lead to bacterial resistance. To mitigate this risk, sensitive, selective, and alternative analytical techniques are required. In this work, a Cu(II)-chrysine complex was synthesized, characterized and applied to modify pencil graphite electrode for electrochemical determination of Nor in pharmaceuticals and milk samples. The tip of the PGE electrode has been modified using the potentiodynamic electropolymerization method and a monomer modifier of [Cu(Chr)₂Cl]Cl using the optimized potential window and film thickness. The modified electrode was characterized using EIS, UV–Vis, CV, digital optical microscopy, and contact angle. Both the developed electrochemical method and UV–Vis spectroscopic method were calibrated and used for the determination of concentration of Nor in two brands of pharmaceuticals, in milk samples, and in the presence of different potential interferences. The percent recoveries of Nor in Nofxin and Gyrablock were in the range of 93.7–99.3 % and 96.6–109.9 %, respectively, and in milk samples, recoveries ranged from 81.80 % to 91.13 %. The developed method exhibited a slope of −0.511 μA/μM, a detection limit (LoD) of 0.096 μM, and a linear dynamic range of 1–100 μM. The developed method was selective towards Nor in the presence of caffeine and paracetamol, making it a promising alternative for the determination of Nor in different matrices.

诺氟沙星（Nor）是一种氟喹诺酮类药物，通常用于治疗人类和动物的细菌感染。然而，不适当的使用，未经代谢的排泄和过度使用Nor可导致细菌耐药性。为了减轻这种风险，需要敏感的、选择性的和可替代的分析技术。本文合成了一种Cu(II)-chrysine配合物，对其进行了表征，并将其应用于修饰铅笔石墨电极，用于电化学测定药品和牛奶样品中的Nor。采用动电位电聚合法和单体改性剂[Cu(Chr)2Cl]Cl对PGE电极的尖端进行了优化的电位窗和膜厚修饰。利用EIS、UV-Vis、CV、数字光学显微镜和接触角对修饰电极进行了表征。对电化学法和紫外可见光谱法进行了标定，并用于两种品牌药品、牛奶样品和存在不同潜在干扰的情况下的Nor浓度测定。乳样品中Nor的加样回收率为81.80% ~ 91.13%，而Nofxin和Gyrablock的加样回收率分别为93.7% ~ 99.3%和996.6% ~ 109.9%。该方法的斜率为−0.511 μA/μM，检出限为0.096 μM，线性动态范围为1 ~ 100 μM。在咖啡因和扑热息痛存在的情况下，该方法对硝酸钠有选择性，可用于不同基质中硝酸钠的测定。

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, and application of poly [Cu(Chr)2Cl]Cl/PGE based electrochemical sensor for the determination of Norfloxacin in pharmaceuticals and Milk samples","authors":"Abebaw Shitahun Ayicheh , Minaleshewa Atlabachew , Belete Asefa Aragaw , Amare Benor , Adane Kassa , Atakilt Abebe","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Norfloxacin (Nor) is a drug belonging to the fluoroquinolones class, commonly used to treat bacterial infections of humans and animals. However, improper use, unmetabolized excretion, and overuse of Nor can lead to bacterial resistance. To mitigate this risk, sensitive, selective, and alternative analytical techniques are required. In this work, a Cu(II)-chrysine complex was synthesized, characterized and applied to modify pencil graphite electrode for electrochemical determination of Nor in pharmaceuticals and milk samples. The tip of the PGE electrode has been modified using the potentiodynamic electropolymerization method and a monomer modifier of [Cu(Chr)<sub>2</sub>Cl]Cl using the optimized potential window and film thickness. The modified electrode was characterized using EIS, UV–Vis, CV, digital optical microscopy, and contact angle. Both the developed electrochemical method and UV–Vis spectroscopic method were calibrated and used for the determination of concentration of Nor in two brands of pharmaceuticals, in milk samples, and in the presence of different potential interferences. The percent recoveries of Nor in Nofxin and Gyrablock were in the range of 93.7–99.3 % and 96.6–109.9 %, respectively, and in milk samples, recoveries ranged from 81.80 % to 91.13 %. The developed method exhibited a slope of −0.511 μA/μM, a detection limit (LoD) of 0.096 μM, and a linear dynamic range of 1–100 μM. The developed method was selective towards Nor in the presence of caffeine and paracetamol, making it a promising alternative for the determination of Nor in different matrices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100904"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a semi-quantitative lateral flow immunoassay to classify the levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in plasma 建立半定量侧流免疫分析法对血浆中SARS-CoV-2抗体水平进行分类

IF 4.9 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100900

Laura M. Rey Gomez , Rena Hirani , David W. Inglis , Andrew Care , Yuling Wang

Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are versatile paper-based detection devices widely used for rapid on-site biomarker detection, yet they remain largely qualitative, which limits their utility in point-of-care (POC) settings. This study presents a colorimetric, semi-quantitative, and equipment-free LFIA format using a barcode-style design to categorize antibody levels as low, medium, or high. Using anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human plasma as a model, a multi-line assay was constructed with highly spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for improved sensitivity. The barcode-style LFIA demonstrated strong agreement with the validation method, with 90 % of results falling within ±1 category of the reference values. Additionally, the impact of AuNP morphology was investigated by comparing the assay performance with highly spherical (S), commercial (C), and quasi-spherical (Q) nanoparticles. While S-AuNPs improved the detection limit by two-fold in spiked plasma samples, all AuNP types performed comparably in clinical plasma. These results demonstrate a promising strategy for bridging the gap between qualitative and quantitative testing in low-resource or POC settings, enabling more informative readouts without the need for instrumentation.

横向流动免疫测定（LFIAs）是一种通用的纸质检测设备，广泛用于快速的现场生物标志物检测，但它们在很大程度上仍然是定性的，这限制了它们在护理点（POC）环境中的实用性。本研究提出了一种比色、半定量和无设备的LFIA格式，使用条形码式设计将抗体水平分类为低、中、高。以人血浆中抗sars - cov -2抗体为模型，构建了高球形金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）多系检测方法，提高了检测灵敏度。条形码式LFIA与验证方法具有较强的一致性，90%的结果落在参考值的±1范畴内。此外，通过比较高球形(S)、商用(C)和准球形(Q)纳米颗粒的检测性能，研究了AuNP形态的影响。虽然s -AuNP在加标血浆样品中的检测限提高了两倍，但所有类型的AuNP在临床血浆中的表现相当。这些结果证明了一种很有前途的策略，可以在低资源或POC环境中弥合定性和定量测试之间的差距，在不需要仪器的情况下实现更多信息的读数。

{"title":"Development of a semi-quantitative lateral flow immunoassay to classify the levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in plasma","authors":"Laura M. Rey Gomez , Rena Hirani , David W. Inglis , Andrew Care , Yuling Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are versatile paper-based detection devices widely used for rapid on-site biomarker detection, yet they remain largely qualitative, which limits their utility in point-of-care (POC) settings. This study presents a colorimetric, semi-quantitative, and equipment-free LFIA format using a barcode-style design to categorize antibody levels as low, medium, or high. Using anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human plasma as a model, a multi-line assay was constructed with highly spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for improved sensitivity. The barcode-style LFIA demonstrated strong agreement with the validation method, with 90 % of results falling within ±1 category of the reference values. Additionally, the impact of AuNP morphology was investigated by comparing the assay performance with highly spherical (S), commercial (C), and quasi-spherical (Q) nanoparticles. While S-AuNPs improved the detection limit by two-fold in spiked plasma samples, all AuNP types performed comparably in clinical plasma. These results demonstrate a promising strategy for bridging the gap between qualitative and quantitative testing in low-resource or POC settings, enabling more informative readouts without the need for instrumentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100900"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A highly sensitive D-shaped PCF SPR biosensor for early malaria detection: Design and performance analysis 用于疟疾早期检测的高灵敏度d形PCF SPR生物传感器：设计与性能分析

IF 4.9 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100897

Md. Jubaer Rahman Tayef, Md. Bashir Uddin, Md. Faruk Jamil, Md. Shafin Alam

The rising incidence of malaria underscores the need for effective diagnostic tools for early detection. This work proposes a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) biosensor that is based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) principle to increase biocompatibility and sensitivity in the early detection of malaria disease. There are three red blood cell (RBC) phases (ring, trophozoite, and schizont), when the RBCs are affected by malaria parasites. The proposed D-shaped biosensor is designed with three separate air-holes with different diameters. To get an optimized performance for detecting different RBC phases, the biosensor is coated with a 40 nm gold (Au) layer and a 15 nm titanium dioxide (TiO₂) layer. An Au layer is deposited over the fused silica, followed by a 1 μm analyte layer. A 1.7 μm perfectly matched layer (PML) is then incorporated into the layer containing the analyte to consume scattered light. The biosensor's wavelength sensitivities (WS) are analyzed using finite element methods (FEM) and the maximum values obtained are 57,000.00, 36842.11, and 22,482.76 nm/RIU for the ring phase, trophozoite phase, and schizont phase, respectively. The highest amplitude sensitivities (AS) obtained are 150.10, 744.21, and 277.55 RIU⁻¹ for the corresponding phases. The influence of the variations in Au layer thickness and air-hole diameter is also investigated. The proposed biosensor outperformed the existing literature for malaria detection. Due to its high sensitivity and simple design, this biosensor has great potential for the effective detection of biochemical and biological analytes.

疟疾发病率的上升突出表明需要有效的诊断工具以进行早期发现。本工作提出了一种基于表面等离子体共振（SPR）原理的d形光子晶体光纤（PCF）生物传感器，以提高疟疾疾病早期检测的生物相容性和灵敏度。当红细胞受到疟疾寄生虫的影响时，红细胞（RBC）有三个阶段（环状、滋养体和分裂体）。所提出的d形生物传感器设计有三个不同直径的独立气孔。为了获得检测不同红细胞相的最佳性能，生物传感器被涂覆了40 nm的金（Au）层和15 nm的二氧化钛（TiO2）层。在熔融石英上沉积一层金层，然后是一层1 μm的分析物层。然后将1.7 μm的完美匹配层（PML）掺入含有分析物的层中以消耗散射光。采用有限元法分析了该生物传感器的波长灵敏度（WS），环形相、滋养体相和分裂体相的最大值分别为57,000.00、36842.11和22,482.76 nm/RIU。相应相位的最高振幅灵敏度（AS）分别为150.10、744.21和277.55 RIU−1。研究了金层厚度和气孔直径的变化对实验结果的影响。所提出的生物传感器优于现有的疟疾检测文献。由于其高灵敏度和简单的设计，这种生物传感器在有效检测生化和生物分析物方面具有很大的潜力。

{"title":"A highly sensitive D-shaped PCF SPR biosensor for early malaria detection: Design and performance analysis","authors":"Md. Jubaer Rahman Tayef, Md. Bashir Uddin, Md. Faruk Jamil, Md. Shafin Alam","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising incidence of malaria underscores the need for effective diagnostic tools for early detection. This work proposes a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) biosensor that is based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) principle to increase biocompatibility and sensitivity in the early detection of malaria disease. There are three red blood cell (RBC) phases (ring, trophozoite, and schizont), when the RBCs are affected by malaria parasites. The proposed D-shaped biosensor is designed with three separate air-holes with different diameters. To get an optimized performance for detecting different RBC phases, the biosensor is coated with a 40 nm gold (Au) layer and a 15 nm titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) layer. An Au layer is deposited over the fused silica, followed by a 1 μm analyte layer. A 1.7 μm perfectly matched layer (PML) is then incorporated into the layer containing the analyte to consume scattered light. The biosensor's wavelength sensitivities (WS) are analyzed using finite element methods (FEM) and the maximum values obtained are 57,000.00, 36842.11, and 22,482.76 nm/RIU for the ring phase, trophozoite phase, and schizont phase, respectively. The highest amplitude sensitivities (AS) obtained are 150.10, 744.21, and 277.55 RIU<sup>−1</sup> for the corresponding phases. The influence of the variations in Au layer thickness and air-hole diameter is also investigated. The proposed biosensor outperformed the existing literature for malaria detection. Due to its high sensitivity and simple design, this biosensor has great potential for the effective detection of biochemical and biological analytes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100897"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hybrid BaTiO₃-MXene-graphene metasurface biosensor for ultra-sensitive terahertz detection of waterborne bacterial pathogens 混合BaTiO₃- mxene -石墨烯超表面生物传感器，用于超灵敏太赫兹水传播细菌病原体检测

IF 4.9 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100898

Prathamesh Prabhu , A. Pon Bharathi , U. Arun Kumar , William Ochen

The detection of waterborne bacterial pathogens at trace concentrations remains a major obstacle in environmental and public health monitoring. This study introduces a terahertz hybrid metasurface biosensor combining barium titanate (BaTiO₃), MXene, and graphene to enable high sensitivity and real-time detection. Electromagnetic simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics show a peak sensitivity of 244 GHz/RIU, a figure of merit of 3.484, and quality factors between 6.829 and 6.986. The resonance frequency shifts exhibit a strong linear relationship (R² > 0.99) with bacterial concentration, while transmittance ranges from 43.346 % to 43.982 % across refractive indices of 1.33–1.3921 RIU. Modulating the graphene chemical potential between 0.1 eV and 0.9 eV enhances tunability, and the sensor maintains stable performance at incident angles from 0° to 80°. Machine learning analysis confirms predictive precision with mean squared errors of 6 × 10⁻⁶–9 × 10⁻⁶ and R² values above 0.9997. The proposed metasurface biosensor provides a scalable, label-free, and highly responsive platform for detecting waterborne pathogens in environmental, clinical, and water quality applications.

检测微量浓度的水生细菌病原体仍然是环境和公共卫生监测中的一个主要障碍。该研究介绍了一种结合钛酸钡（BaTiO₃）、MXene和石墨烯的太赫兹混合超表面生物传感器，可以实现高灵敏度和实时检测。在COMSOL Multiphysics中进行电磁仿真，峰值灵敏度为244 GHz/RIU，品质系数为3.484，质量因子在6.829 ~ 6.986之间。共振频移与细菌浓度呈较强的线性关系（R2 > 0.99），透射率在1.33 ~ 1.3921 RIU范围内为43.346% ~ 43.982%。在0.1 eV和0.9 eV之间调制石墨烯化学势增强了可调性，并且传感器在0°到80°的入射角范围内保持稳定的性能。机器学习分析证实了预测精度，均方误差为6 × 10−6 - 9 × 10−6，R2值高于0.9997。提出的超表面生物传感器提供了一个可扩展的，无标签的，高响应的平台，用于检测环境，临床和水质应用中的水生病原体。

{"title":"Hybrid BaTiO₃-MXene-graphene metasurface biosensor for ultra-sensitive terahertz detection of waterborne bacterial pathogens","authors":"Prathamesh Prabhu , A. Pon Bharathi , U. Arun Kumar , William Ochen","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The detection of waterborne bacterial pathogens at trace concentrations remains a major obstacle in environmental and public health monitoring. This study introduces a terahertz hybrid metasurface biosensor combining barium titanate (BaTiO₃), MXene, and graphene to enable high sensitivity and real-time detection. Electromagnetic simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics show a peak sensitivity of 244 GHz/RIU, a figure of merit of 3.484, and quality factors between 6.829 and 6.986. The resonance frequency shifts exhibit a strong linear relationship (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.99) with bacterial concentration, while transmittance ranges from 43.346 % to 43.982 % across refractive indices of 1.33–1.3921 RIU. Modulating the graphene chemical potential between 0.1 eV and 0.9 eV enhances tunability, and the sensor maintains stable performance at incident angles from 0° to 80°. Machine learning analysis confirms predictive precision with mean squared errors of 6 × 10<sup>−6</sup>–9 × 10<sup>−6</sup> and R<sup>2</sup> values above 0.9997. The proposed metasurface biosensor provides a scalable, label-free, and highly responsive platform for detecting waterborne pathogens in environmental, clinical, and water quality applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100898"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Manganese-doped g-C3N4 nanozyme-based smartphone platform for rapid L-DOPA detection in clinical samples 基于锰掺杂g-C3N4纳米酶的智能手机平台快速检测临床样品中的左旋多巴

IF 4.9 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100895

Jianjun Kang , Xue Lin , Chen Lin , Wuyuan Pan , Jian Wang , Fang Ke

Levodopa (L-DOPA) is a crucial neurotransmitter utilized in the treatment of neurological disorders, particularly in Parkinson's disease, where its concentration in biological fluids serves as a key diagnostic marker. Despite its significance, current methods for L-DOPA detection often suffer from limitations such as prolonged detection times, low sensitivity and weak anti-interference. This study addresses these challenges by introducing a highly efficient and colorimetric sensor for the rapid detection of L-DOPA, utilizing manganese-doped graphitic carbon nitride (Mn-g-C₃N₄) as a peroxidase-mimetic catalyst. The sensor employs 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine as a substrate and achieves detection within 20 s, with a linear response over the concentration ranges of 1–10 μM and 20–90 μM, and the detection limits were 0.049 μM and 0.51 μM, respectively. The method has good specificity for L-DOPA and has been successfully applied to human serum even in the presence of interference from dopamine and other amino acids. In addition, the sensor exhibits satisfactory performance in smartphone-based L-DOPA detection. The novel sensor platform offers a simple, cost-effective, and scalable solution for real-time L-DOPA monitoring, with significant potential for applications in both clinical and environmental contexts.

左旋多巴（L-DOPA）是一种重要的神经递质，用于治疗神经系统疾病，特别是帕金森病，其在生物体液中的浓度可作为关键的诊断标志物。尽管具有重要意义，但目前的左旋多巴检测方法存在检测时间长、灵敏度低、抗干扰能力弱等局限性。本研究利用锰掺杂石墨氮化碳（Mn-g-C3N4）作为过氧化物酶模拟催化剂，引入了一种高效的L-DOPA快速检测比色传感器，解决了这些挑战。该传感器以3,3 ',5,5 ' -四甲基联苯胺为底物，在20 s内实现检测，在1 ~ 10 μM和20 ~ 90 μM的浓度范围内具有良好的线性响应，检出限分别为0.049 μM和0.51 μM。该方法对左旋多巴具有良好的特异性，即使在多巴胺和其他氨基酸干扰的情况下也能成功地应用于人血清中。此外，该传感器在基于智能手机的L-DOPA检测中表现出令人满意的性能。这种新型传感器平台为实时L-DOPA监测提供了一种简单、经济、可扩展的解决方案，在临床和环境环境中都有很大的应用潜力。

{"title":"Manganese-doped g-C3N4 nanozyme-based smartphone platform for rapid L-DOPA detection in clinical samples","authors":"Jianjun Kang , Xue Lin , Chen Lin , Wuyuan Pan , Jian Wang , Fang Ke","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Levodopa (L-DOPA) is a crucial neurotransmitter utilized in the treatment of neurological disorders, particularly in Parkinson's disease, where its concentration in biological fluids serves as a key diagnostic marker. Despite its significance, current methods for L-DOPA detection often suffer from limitations such as prolonged detection times, low sensitivity and weak anti-interference. This study addresses these challenges by introducing a highly efficient and colorimetric sensor for the rapid detection of L-DOPA, utilizing manganese-doped graphitic carbon nitride (Mn-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) as a peroxidase-mimetic catalyst. The sensor employs 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine as a substrate and achieves detection within 20 s, with a linear response over the concentration ranges of 1–10 μM and 20–90 μM, and the detection limits were 0.049 μM and 0.51 μM, respectively. The method has good specificity for L-DOPA and has been successfully applied to human serum even in the presence of interference from dopamine and other amino acids. In addition, the sensor exhibits satisfactory performance in smartphone-based L-DOPA detection. The novel sensor platform offers a simple, cost-effective, and scalable solution for real-time L-DOPA monitoring, with significant potential for applications in both clinical and environmental contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100895"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for voltammetric detection of fenitrothion pesticide 一种用于杀虫剂伏安检测的非酶电化学传感器

IF 4.9 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100896

Adisie Kassa , Bewketu Mehari , Atnafu Guadie , Andualem Ejigu , Molla Tefera

The excessive use of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) results in severe environmental damage and problems with food safety. A sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for fenitrothion (FNT) detection is crucial for environmental protection and public health. Nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor based on EDTA/poly(vanillin)/GCE was fabricated for detection of FNT. The electrochemical properties of the sensor were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). SWV results demonstrate that manufactured electrodes can be employed for sensing of harmful FNT pollutants from a wide linear range of 1.0–200 μM, LOD of 0.94 μM and a remarkable sensitivity of 0.6994 μAμM⁻¹, a recovery in the range of 83.10–114.36 % vegetable samples. Furthermore, even in the presence of multiple potential coexisting substances, including cationic, anionic, and organic compounds, the sensor's anti-interference ability allows for the precise detection of FNT. For the quantification of FNT, the produced sensor offers remarkable repeatability and reproducibility. This could spur innovation for remarkably accurate and dependable FNT monitoring in environmental monitoring for real-time applications. Our research, in our opinion, produced a new avenue for the development of sensors for precise and dependable electrocatalytic detecting systems that offer vegetable safety and quality for real-time environmental quality control applications.

有机磷农药的过度使用造成了严重的环境破坏和食品安全问题。一种灵敏、选择性强的电化学杀虫剂检测传感器对环境保护和公众健康至关重要。制备了EDTA/聚香兰素/GCE非酶电化学传感器，用于FNT的检测。采用循环伏安法（CV）和电化学阻抗谱法（EIS）研究了传感器的电化学性能。SWV结果表明，该电极可以在1.0 ~ 200 μM的宽线性范围内检测有害的FNT污染物，LOD为0.94 μM，灵敏度为0.6994 μAμM−1，回收率为83.10 ~ 114.36%。此外，即使存在多种潜在的共存物质，包括阳离子，阴离子和有机化合物，传感器的抗干扰能力也允许精确检测FNT。对于FNT的定量，所生产的传感器提供了显著的重复性和再现性。这可能会刺激创新，在实时应用的环境监测中进行非常准确和可靠的FNT监测。在我们看来，我们的研究为开发精确可靠的电催化检测系统的传感器提供了一条新的途径，为实时环境质量控制应用提供蔬菜安全和质量。

{"title":"A non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for voltammetric detection of fenitrothion pesticide","authors":"Adisie Kassa , Bewketu Mehari , Atnafu Guadie , Andualem Ejigu , Molla Tefera","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The excessive use of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) results in severe environmental damage and problems with food safety. A sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for fenitrothion (FNT) detection is crucial for environmental protection and public health. Nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor based on EDTA/poly(vanillin)/GCE was fabricated for detection of FNT. The electrochemical properties of the sensor were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). SWV results demonstrate that manufactured electrodes can be employed for sensing of harmful FNT pollutants from a wide linear range of 1.0–200 μM, LOD of 0.94 μM and a remarkable sensitivity of 0.6994 μAμM<sup>−1</sup>, a recovery in the range of 83.10–114.36 % vegetable samples. Furthermore, even in the presence of multiple potential coexisting substances, including cationic, anionic, and organic compounds, the sensor's anti-interference ability allows for the precise detection of FNT. For the quantification of FNT, the produced sensor offers remarkable repeatability and reproducibility. This could spur innovation for remarkably accurate and dependable FNT monitoring in environmental monitoring for real-time applications. Our research, in our opinion, produced a new avenue for the development of sensors for precise and dependable electrocatalytic detecting systems that offer vegetable safety and quality for real-time environmental quality control applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100896"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High reproducibility of facile Pb(II) ion electrochemical sensor based on BIM/SBA-15 基于BIM/SBA-15的简易Pb（II）离子电化学传感器的高再现性

IF 4.9 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100892

Nadrahtul Huda Misral , Emma Izzati Zakariah , Tengku Sarah Tengku Md Fauzi , Syaza Azhari , Noraisyah Abdul Kadir Jilani , Nurul Hidayah Abdul Razak , Suhaila Sapari , Fazira Ilyana Abdul Razak , Siti Aishah Hasbullah

A cost-effective electrochemical sensor was developed for the selective detection of Pb(II) ions using a new bis-indolylmethane (BIM) derivative immobilised on SBA-15 mesoporous silica, deposited onto a carbon screen-printed electrode (CSPE). BIM derivative plays a key role in enhancing Pb(II) ions selectivity through its electron-rich nitrogen donor sites, which facilitate stable complexation with Pb(II) ions. Characterisation via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed successful incorporation of BIM into SBA-15's hexagonal mesopores. The sensor exhibited electrocatalytic activity, detecting Pb(II) ions oxidation at −0.52 V vs Ag/AgCl using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). It demonstrated a linear response over the concentration range of 1 × 10⁻⁵ M to 4 × 10⁻³ M (R² = 0.9963), with a detection limit (LOD) of 6.8 × 10⁻⁶ M. Importantly, the detection potential at −0.52 V vs Ag/AgCl was observed to be characteristic only for Pb(II) ions, thereby minimizing interference from other heavy metals and organic compounds that are not electroactive within this potential window. The sensor showed a high reproducibility (2.5 % of RSD), attributed to the stability of the current response enabled by the proposed fabrication. Application to Allium tuberosum samples yielded the highest recovery rate of 97.61 %, aligned with results obtained via atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Notably, this specific combination of BIM derivative and SBA-15 on CSPE for Pb(II) ions sensing has not been previously reported, marking a key innovation of this study. This simple, low-maintenance sensor offers a promising alternative for real-time, on-site monitoring of Pb(II) ions contamination, contributing to environmental and food safety application.

利用新型双吲哚基甲烷（BIM）衍生物固定在SBA-15介孔二氧化硅上，沉积在碳丝网印刷电极（CSPE）上，开发了一种具有成本效益的电化学传感器，用于选择性检测Pb（II）离子。BIM衍生物通过其富含电子的氮供体位点，促进与Pb（II）离子的稳定络合，在提高Pb（II）离子的选择性方面发挥了关键作用。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）和x射线衍射（XRD）的表征证实了BIM成功地结合到SBA-15的六边形介孔中。该传感器表现出电催化活性，在−0.52 V vs Ag/AgCl下使用差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）检测Pb（II）离子的氧化。在1 × 10−5 M至4 × 10−3 M的浓度范围内呈线性响应（R2 = 0.9963），检测限（LOD）为6.8 × 10−6 M。重要的是，在- 0.52 V vs Ag/AgCl下的检测电位仅对Pb（II）离子具有特征，从而最大限度地减少了来自其他重金属和有机化合物的干扰，这些重金属和有机化合物在该电位窗口内不具有电活性。该传感器显示出高再现性（RSD的2.5%），这归功于所提出的制造所实现的电流响应的稳定性。应用于大葱样品中，回收率最高，为97.61%，与原子吸收光谱（AAS）测定结果一致。值得注意的是，这种BIM衍生物和SBA-15在CSPE上用于Pb（II）离子传感的特定组合之前没有报道，这标志着本研究的关键创新。这种简单，低维护的传感器为实时，现场监测Pb（II）离子污染提供了一种有前途的替代方案，有助于环境和食品安全应用。

{"title":"High reproducibility of facile Pb(II) ion electrochemical sensor based on BIM/SBA-15","authors":"Nadrahtul Huda Misral , Emma Izzati Zakariah , Tengku Sarah Tengku Md Fauzi , Syaza Azhari , Noraisyah Abdul Kadir Jilani , Nurul Hidayah Abdul Razak , Suhaila Sapari , Fazira Ilyana Abdul Razak , Siti Aishah Hasbullah","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A cost-effective electrochemical sensor was developed for the selective detection of Pb(II) ions using a new bis-indolylmethane (<strong>BIM</strong>) derivative immobilised on SBA-15 mesoporous silica, deposited onto a carbon screen-printed electrode (CSPE). <strong>BIM</strong> derivative plays a key role in enhancing Pb(II) ions selectivity through its electron-rich nitrogen donor sites, which facilitate stable complexation with Pb(II) ions. Characterisation via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed successful incorporation of <strong>BIM</strong> into SBA-15's hexagonal mesopores. The sensor exhibited electrocatalytic activity, detecting Pb(II) ions oxidation at −0.52 V vs Ag/AgCl using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). It demonstrated a linear response over the concentration range of 1 × 10<sup>−5</sup> M to 4 × 10<sup>−3</sup> M (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9963), with a detection limit (LOD) of 6.8 × 10<sup>−6</sup> M. Importantly, the detection potential at −0.52 V vs Ag/AgCl was observed to be characteristic only for Pb(II) ions, thereby minimizing interference from other heavy metals and organic compounds that are not electroactive within this potential window. The sensor showed a high reproducibility (2.5 % of RSD), attributed to the stability of the current response enabled by the proposed fabrication. Application to <em>Allium tuberosum</em> samples yielded the highest recovery rate of 97.61 %, aligned with results obtained via atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Notably, this specific combination of <strong>BIM</strong> derivative and SBA-15 on CSPE for Pb(II) ions sensing has not been previously reported, marking a key innovation of this study. This simple, low-maintenance sensor offers a promising alternative for real-time, on-site monitoring of Pb(II) ions contamination, contributing to environmental and food safety application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100892"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0