To predict indoor air quality, we can analyze the concentrations of gas present in the air. Accurate prediction of gas concentrations can help individuals identify the presence of harmful gas in the environment, thereby preventing potential accidents. Previous studies have utilized electronic nose (E-nose) in conjunction with traditional neural networks to obtain gas concentration information; However, these neural networks often experience a decline in prediction accuracy when handling longer time series data, failing to meet expected outcomes. To enhance prediction accuracy, this study introduces an innovative Temporal Convolutional Network (AGT-TCN), designed for the prediction of mixed gas concentrations in E-nose. AGT-TCN comprises a temporal convolutional network (TCN), gated recurrent units (GRU), a temporal attention mechanism and residual convolutions. In the experiments, we employed data from carbon monoxide and ethylene mixed gas (CO-ethylene) for concentration predictions and compared the results with baseline models including TCN, GRU, Long and short-term memory network (LSTM), convolutional neural network - long short-term memory network (CNN-LSTM) and Long Short-Term Memory-Transformer (LSTM-Transformer). The results demonstrate that AGT-TCN outperforms baseline in terms of prediction accuracy. This further confirms the applicability of the AGT-TCN in the early prediction of CO-ethylene concentrations.
{"title":"Gas Concentration Prediction Based on Temporal Attention Mechanism in Temporal Convolutional Networks","authors":"Pengfei Jia, Zhicong Chen, Guosheng Mao, Yiyi Zhang, Jiefeng Liu, Min Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137562","url":null,"abstract":"To predict indoor air quality, we can analyze the concentrations of gas present in the air. Accurate prediction of gas concentrations can help individuals identify the presence of harmful gas in the environment, thereby preventing potential accidents. Previous studies have utilized electronic nose (E-nose) in conjunction with traditional neural networks to obtain gas concentration information; However, these neural networks often experience a decline in prediction accuracy when handling longer time series data, failing to meet expected outcomes. To enhance prediction accuracy, this study introduces an innovative Temporal Convolutional Network (AGT-TCN), designed for the prediction of mixed gas concentrations in E-nose. AGT-TCN comprises a temporal convolutional network (TCN), gated recurrent units (GRU), a temporal attention mechanism and residual convolutions. In the experiments, we employed data from carbon monoxide and ethylene mixed gas (CO-ethylene) for concentration predictions and compared the results with baseline models including TCN, GRU, Long and short-term memory network (LSTM), convolutional neural network - long short-term memory network (CNN-LSTM) and Long Short-Term Memory-Transformer (LSTM-Transformer). The results demonstrate that AGT-TCN outperforms baseline in terms of prediction accuracy. This further confirms the applicability of the AGT-TCN in the early prediction of CO-ethylene concentrations.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Timely monitoring of inflammation following transplant surgery is essential to prevent complications such as ischemia or death. Centralized testing often leads to delays. Point-of-care immunoassays offer some promise. However, they lack the form factor and the performance needed for localized monitoring of inflammation. This work demonstrates a novel dual-mode microcatheter platform for in situ quantification of inflammatory biomarkers, such as interleukin- 6 (IL-6). By combining an electrochemical approach, namely differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and an optical approach, namely localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), the platform enables reliable, on-demand, precise monitoring of inflammation. The novelty of the approach is using surgical sutures for electrochemical sensing and its co-integration with an optical fiber for LSPR sensing in a miniaturized and flexible microcatheter platform. This platform can locally probe the surgical or wound site for inflammation monitoring, providing high precision and reliability. The dual-mode approach enhances detection accuracy, precision, and dynamic range. The dual-mode microcatheter sensor exhibited a broad dynamic range from 0.1 to 1000 pg/mL for IL-6 measurement with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.076 pg/mL for the electrochemical approach and 0.10 pg/mL for the optical LSPR approach. Furthermore, the performance of the dual-mode sensing microcatheter was successfully evaluated in buffer, artificial serum, skin-gel, and human serum samples with co-interferents in the clinical range.
{"title":"An integrated flexible dual-mode optical-electrochemical sensing microcatheter platform for inflammation monitoring","authors":"Atul Sharma , Nafize Ishtiaque Hossain , Sameer Sonkusale","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Timely monitoring of inflammation following transplant surgery is essential to prevent complications such as ischemia or death. Centralized testing often leads to delays. Point-of-care immunoassays offer some promise. However, they lack the form factor and the performance needed for localized monitoring of inflammation. This work demonstrates a novel dual-mode microcatheter platform for <em>in situ</em> quantification of inflammatory biomarkers, such as interleukin- 6 (IL-6). By combining an electrochemical approach, namely differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and an optical approach, namely localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), the platform enables reliable, on-demand, precise monitoring of inflammation. The novelty of the approach is using surgical sutures for electrochemical sensing and its co-integration with an optical fiber for LSPR sensing in a miniaturized and flexible microcatheter platform. This platform can locally probe the surgical or wound site for inflammation monitoring, providing high precision and reliability. The dual-mode approach enhances detection accuracy, precision, and dynamic range. The dual-mode microcatheter sensor exhibited a broad dynamic range from 0.1 to 1000 pg/mL for IL-6 measurement with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.076 pg/mL for the electrochemical approach and 0.10 pg/mL for the optical LSPR approach. Furthermore, the performance of the dual-mode sensing microcatheter was successfully evaluated in buffer, artificial serum, skin-gel, and human serum samples with co-interferents in the clinical range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"433 ","pages":"Article 137514"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137576
Jing Yang, Yaqin Zhang, Xingbo Shi, Yan Lv
Rapid and portable detection technology of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) is urgently needed to ensure food and environmental safety. Herein, a simple and portable method for in-field detection of OPs was established based on an ascorbic acid (AA) touch-in personal blood glucose meter (PGM) triggered by the inhibition of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Particularly, AA was first used as a bridge to construct a cascade strategy ALP-AA-[Fe(CN)6]3- for PGM readout, as it has been proven to trigger stronger PGM readings due to its strong reducibility and double electron generation. In the presence of OPs, the enzymatic activity of ALP was inhibited to produce less AA, resulting in a weakened reduction of [Fe(CN)6]3- on the test strip and a decrease of the electrochemical signal. The PGM analysis platform showed a good linear response at concentrations of 10-40 μg L-1 of dimethoate, with a detection limit of 7.55 μg L-1, and its practicability and reliability were verified by the recovery results in vegetables and fruits. With the advantages of simplicity and portability, this method can complete the entire field detection process in 20 min. Hence, this work provides a promising candidate method for the rapid on-site detection of OPs in food and the environment.
{"title":"A portable ascorbic acid touch-in personal glucose meter based on enzyme inhibition cascade reaction for on-site rapid detection of organophosphorus pesticides","authors":"Jing Yang, Yaqin Zhang, Xingbo Shi, Yan Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137576","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid and portable detection technology of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) is urgently needed to ensure food and environmental safety. Herein, a simple and portable method for in-field detection of OPs was established based on an ascorbic acid (AA) touch-in personal blood glucose meter (PGM) triggered by the inhibition of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Particularly, AA was first used as a bridge to construct a cascade strategy ALP-AA-[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup> for PGM readout, as it has been proven to trigger stronger PGM readings due to its strong reducibility and double electron generation. In the presence of OPs, the enzymatic activity of ALP was inhibited to produce less AA, resulting in a weakened reduction of [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup> on the test strip and a decrease of the electrochemical signal. The PGM analysis platform showed a good linear response at concentrations of 10-40<!-- --> <!-- -->μg<!-- --> <!-- -->L<sup>-1</sup> of dimethoate, with a detection limit of 7.55<!-- --> <!-- -->μg<!-- --> <!-- -->L<sup>-1</sup>, and its practicability and reliability were verified by the recovery results in vegetables and fruits. With the advantages of simplicity and portability, this method can complete the entire field detection process in 20<!-- --> <!-- -->min. Hence, this work provides a promising candidate method for the rapid on-site detection of OPs in food and the environment.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137568
Dan Li, Yutao Shen, Na Li, Xiaolong Li, Mao Li, Zijia Huang, Yong Zhao
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is ubiquitous in mammalian tissues, facilitating the dephosphorylation of diverse biomolecules. As a key biomarker, ALP activity monitoring is of great significance for clinical research and disease diagnosis. Here, a sensitive and portable fluorescent fiber optic sensor based on silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) was developed for detecting ALP activity. Green-fluorescent SiQDs were synthesized using a one-pot hydrothermal method. A tapered optical fiber was facilely modified with SiQDs through in situ hydrogel polymerization reaction. The hydrogel-based optical fiber ALP sensor was meticulously designed by incorporating ALP-triggered cascade reaction. ALP catalyzes the substrate hydrolysis to produce ascorbic acid (AA), which then triggers a chromogenic redox reaction between AA and Cu(Ⅱ)-neocuproine chelate to form highly colored Cu(Ⅰ)-chelate, effectively quenching the fluorescence of the SiQDs due to inner filter effect. This method provides a linear detection of ALP activity within the range of 0.02-2.0 U/L. The sensor was applied to ALP activity detection in real serum samples, demonstrating its practicability and reliability. This sensor offers the advantages of high sensitivity (a detection limit of 0.015 U/L), exceptional selectivity, good practicability and simplified fabrication, presenting a portable and efficient technique for on-line ultrasensitive detection of ALP activity in biological samples. It provides a new perspective for developing high-performance optical fiber sensors, with significant practical value for applications in health monitoring, clinical diagnostics, and emergency analysis.
{"title":"A fluorescent optical fiber sensor for real-time, portable detection of alkaline phosphatase activity","authors":"Dan Li, Yutao Shen, Na Li, Xiaolong Li, Mao Li, Zijia Huang, Yong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137568","url":null,"abstract":"Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is ubiquitous in mammalian tissues, facilitating the dephosphorylation of diverse biomolecules. As a key biomarker, ALP activity monitoring is of great significance for clinical research and disease diagnosis. Here, a sensitive and portable fluorescent fiber optic sensor based on silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) was developed for detecting ALP activity. Green-fluorescent SiQDs were synthesized using a one-pot hydrothermal method. A tapered optical fiber was facilely modified with SiQDs through in situ hydrogel polymerization reaction. The hydrogel-based optical fiber ALP sensor was meticulously designed by incorporating ALP-triggered cascade reaction. ALP catalyzes the substrate hydrolysis to produce ascorbic acid (AA), which then triggers a chromogenic redox reaction between AA and Cu(Ⅱ)-neocuproine chelate to form highly colored Cu(Ⅰ)-chelate, effectively quenching the fluorescence of the SiQDs due to inner filter effect. This method provides a linear detection of ALP activity within the range of 0.02-2.0<!-- --> <!-- -->U/L. The sensor was applied to ALP activity detection in real serum samples, demonstrating its practicability and reliability. This sensor offers the advantages of high sensitivity (a detection limit of 0.015<!-- --> <!-- -->U/L), exceptional selectivity, good practicability and simplified fabrication, presenting a portable and efficient technique for on-line ultrasensitive detection of ALP activity in biological samples. It provides a new perspective for developing high-performance optical fiber sensors, with significant practical value for applications in health monitoring, clinical diagnostics, and emergency analysis.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143547025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as a promising biomarker for the early screening and monitoring of cancer through non-invasive testing. However, achieving rapid and sensitive detection of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) remains a significant challenge. In this study, we report an ultrafast-walking stochastic three-dimensional (3D) dual-DNA walker nanoprobes (D-DWN)-based fluorescence biosensor for the detection of EVs. The D-DWN facilitates autonomous movement on AuNP at high speeds, powered by Exo III, which results in the release of fluorophores that act as an analytical signal for the detection of target EVs. Compared to traditional DNA walkers, our proposed D-DWN demonstrates superior reaction kinetics, achieving saturation within 20 min. This advancement enables highly sensitive detection of EVs, with a linear response range from 8×105 to 1.28×107 particles/μL and a limit of detection of 1.18 particles/μL. Furthermore, clinical samples can be analyzed using the D-DWN to differentiate patients with cancer from healthy individuals. This work is anticipated to provide an effective tool for the accurate detection of EVs, offering potential for early cancer diagnosis and postoperative response prediction.
{"title":"Construction of ultrafast-walking stochastic 3D dual-DNA walker nanoprobes for highly sensitive fluorescence detection of extracellular vesicles for cancer diagnosis","authors":"Qingyi Liu, Qiongdan Zhang, Ruiyue Zhang, Zichen Wen, Zhijian Yao, Bin Li, Zheng Yang, Jinhui Hu, Wei Wang, Huizhen Wang, Caiyun Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137578","url":null,"abstract":"Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as a promising biomarker for the early screening and monitoring of cancer through non-invasive testing. However, achieving rapid and sensitive detection of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) remains a significant challenge. In this study, we report an ultrafast-walking stochastic three-dimensional (3D) dual-DNA walker nanoprobes (D-DWN)-based fluorescence biosensor for the detection of EVs. The D-DWN facilitates autonomous movement on AuNP at high speeds, powered by Exo III, which results in the release of fluorophores that act as an analytical signal for the detection of target EVs. Compared to traditional DNA walkers, our proposed D-DWN demonstrates superior reaction kinetics, achieving saturation within 20<!-- --> <!-- -->min. This advancement enables highly sensitive detection of EVs, with a linear response range from 8×10<sup>5</sup> to 1.28×10<sup>7</sup> particles/μL and a limit of detection of 1.18 particles/μL. Furthermore, clinical samples can be analyzed using the D-DWN to differentiate patients with cancer from healthy individuals. This work is anticipated to provide an effective tool for the accurate detection of EVs, offering potential for early cancer diagnosis and postoperative response prediction.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137564
Yu Liu, Chunlin Liu, Qiuhui Deng, Yao Yu, Xian Tang, Le Li, Craig A. Grimes, Shengyuan Yang, Qingyun Cai, Deshuai Zhen
Nuclear accidents, uranium mining, and nuclear weapons production pose significant health and environmental concerns, and as a consequence there is ongoing interest in techniques for rapid and selective detection of the uranyl ion (UO22+). In this study, a β-keto-enamine-linked covalent organic framework (COF) fluorescent probe was synthesized by a simple one-step condensation reaction using 1,3,5-triformylphoroglucinol (Tp) and 3,3'-dihydroxybenzidine (Db). Tp-Db exhibited a UO22+ detection limit of 99.34 nM and a 10 s reaction time, making it suitable for rapid detection in diverse environmental samples including river water, nuclear wastewater, food, and urine. Experimental analyses and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that UO22+ preferentially coordinates with the carbonyl group in Tp-Db through intramolecular charge transfer and electrostatic interactions, and the presence of the hydroxyl assistant group further improves the binding affinity. This study elucidates the interaction mechanism of different functional groups (carbonyl, hydroxyl, and imine) with UO22+ within the channels of the keto-enamine-linked COF, providing a promising rational basis for the development of an advanced UO22+ sensing platform.
{"title":"A β-keto-enamine covalent organic framework fluorescent switch for selective and sensitive UO22+ detection","authors":"Yu Liu, Chunlin Liu, Qiuhui Deng, Yao Yu, Xian Tang, Le Li, Craig A. Grimes, Shengyuan Yang, Qingyun Cai, Deshuai Zhen","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137564","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear accidents, uranium mining, and nuclear weapons production pose significant health and environmental concerns, and as a consequence there is ongoing interest in techniques for rapid and selective detection of the uranyl ion (UO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup>). In this study, a β-keto-enamine-linked covalent organic framework (COF) fluorescent probe was synthesized by a simple one-step condensation reaction using 1,3,5-triformylphoroglucinol (Tp) and 3,3'-dihydroxybenzidine (Db). Tp-Db exhibited a UO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup> detection limit of 99.34<!-- --> <!-- -->nM and a 10<!-- --> <!-- -->s reaction time, making it suitable for rapid detection in diverse environmental samples including river water, nuclear wastewater, food, and urine. Experimental analyses and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that UO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup> preferentially coordinates with the carbonyl group in Tp-Db through intramolecular charge transfer and electrostatic interactions, and the presence of the hydroxyl assistant group further improves the binding affinity. This study elucidates the interaction mechanism of different functional groups (carbonyl, hydroxyl, and imine) with UO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup> within the channels of the keto-enamine-linked COF, providing a promising rational basis for the development of an advanced UO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup> sensing platform.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137577
Weining Liu, Xiaoyang Liu, Xi Tan, Mingyang Zhao, Zhao Liu, Ming Yi, Qi Ding, Yaqian Ren, Hairong Li
Triethylamine (TEA) presents considerable threats to public health and production safety because of its toxic and explosive nature, highlighting the urgent need to develop high-performance sensing materials. Traditionally, gas-sensing elements based on p-type metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) have been hindered by their intrinsically low carrier mobility, resulting in performance inferior to n-type MOS. Herein, we successfully constructed Cr2O3/TiO2-X (MCT-X) heterostructures through a in-situ MOF/MXene-derived strategy. The abundant porous nature, along with its increased specific surface area and numerous surface defects, facilitated the interaction between TEA and active centers. Meanwhile, the tightly coupled p-n heterostructures not only enabled rapid carrier migration but also exhibited a rare electron backflow effect. The multidimensional synergistic effects conferred upon MCT-X with excellent sensing properties. The optimal MCT-2 exhibited an outstanding response of 450.01 for TEA (100 ppm, 134 °C), along with superior selectivity, linearity, and stability. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations reveal in-depth explanation of the anisotropic charge transport mechanism induced by differences in crystal planes contacts and the sensitization mechanism of the heterostructure. This distinctive synthesis approach, combined with comprehensive mechanistic analysis, offers a strategy for the design of advanced TEA sensing materials.
{"title":"In situ crystal plane derivation engineering of MOF/MXene inducing electron backflow effect for enhanced triethylamine sensing","authors":"Weining Liu, Xiaoyang Liu, Xi Tan, Mingyang Zhao, Zhao Liu, Ming Yi, Qi Ding, Yaqian Ren, Hairong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137577","url":null,"abstract":"Triethylamine (TEA) presents considerable threats to public health and production safety because of its toxic and explosive nature, highlighting the urgent need to develop high-performance sensing materials. Traditionally, gas-sensing elements based on p-type metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) have been hindered by their intrinsically low carrier mobility, resulting in performance inferior to n-type MOS. Herein, we successfully constructed Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub>-X (MCT-X) heterostructures through a in-situ MOF/MXene-derived strategy. The abundant porous nature, along with its increased specific surface area and numerous surface defects, facilitated the interaction between TEA and active centers. Meanwhile, the tightly coupled p-n heterostructures not only enabled rapid carrier migration but also exhibited a rare electron backflow effect. The multidimensional synergistic effects conferred upon MCT-X with excellent sensing properties. The optimal MCT-2 exhibited an outstanding response of 450.01 for TEA (100 ppm, 134 °C), along with superior selectivity, linearity, and stability. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations reveal in-depth explanation of the anisotropic charge transport mechanism induced by differences in crystal planes contacts and the sensitization mechanism of the heterostructure. This distinctive synthesis approach, combined with comprehensive mechanistic analysis, offers a strategy for the design of advanced TEA sensing materials.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"244 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, ZnS/NiO p-n heterojunction microspheres were fabricated via a two-step hydrothermal approach. The sensing properties of composites with different ZnS contents were investigated by regulating the ratio of Zn. When containing 25 mol% ZnS, the ZnS/NiO nanosphere sensor achieved a response of 125. The response was improved by a factor of about 83.3 compared to pure NiO. The sensor functions optimally at a temperature of 225 ℃, and it possesses excellent selectivity, a rapid response/recovery time (49/44 s), and long-term stability. Therefore, this paper provides a hydrothermal method to prepare ZnS/NiO nanocomposites with heterojunction, specifically designed to detect n-butanol. After performing a series of characterizations, it was determined that the enhancement of the gas-sensitive properties could be related to the construction of ZnS/NiO heterojunctions and the increase in oxygen vacancies.
{"title":"Outstandingly selective n-butanol gas sensor based on ZnS/NiO lychee-shaped nanospheres","authors":"Yujun Guo, Jiayi Qu, Zhenkai Zhang, Zhenyue Liu, Chen Yue, Qiuying Chen, Zhiguo Yang, Yang Mu, Xiaoning Wang, Davoud Dastan, Xi-Tao Yin, Xiaoguang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137573","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, ZnS/NiO p-n heterojunction microspheres were fabricated via a two-step hydrothermal approach. The sensing properties of composites with different ZnS contents were investigated by regulating the ratio of Zn. When containing 25<!-- --> <!-- -->mol% ZnS, the ZnS/NiO nanosphere sensor achieved a response of 125. The response was improved by a factor of about 83.3 compared to pure NiO. The sensor functions optimally at a temperature of 225 ℃, and it possesses excellent selectivity, a rapid response/recovery time (49/44<!-- --> <!-- -->s), and long-term stability. Therefore, this paper provides a hydrothermal method to prepare ZnS/NiO nanocomposites with heterojunction, specifically designed to detect n-butanol. After performing a series of characterizations, it was determined that the enhancement of the gas-sensitive properties could be related to the construction of ZnS/NiO heterojunctions and the increase in oxygen vacancies.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137553
Minseon Kim, Joong Ho Shin
Microfluidic technology has driven significant progress in clinical diagnostics and point-of-care testing (POCT), with ongoing research investigating its diverse applications. However, a key limitation of microfluidic systems lies in the need for devices and methods to propel the liquids. In this study, we developed a programmable, nonelectric syringe pump capable of delivering multiple reagents to microfluidic devices in a sequential manner. A modular sector gear was designed to selectively cover portions of the gear with teeth, enabling precise and versatile control over the pumping timing. Considering the capabilities and characteristics of the pump, it is named Sequence Modifiable, Automated, and Runtime-Tunable pump, or SMART pump. The pump was utilized to detect Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7, a deadly foodborne pathogen, through a microfluidic-based vertical immunoassay (VFA). In experiments involving the detection of E. coli O157:H7 in milk, the limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 100 CFU/mL, demonstrating a low detection threshold. This nonelectric, multistep immunoassay automation pump, featuring both portability and automation, is anticipated to be highly suitable for POCT applications. Additionally, its capacity to automate complex assay and detection without relying on an external power source suggests its potential utility in resource-limited environments, thereby improving the accessibility of innovative microfluidics-based assays.
{"title":"Nonelectric syringe pump capable of programmable sequential reagent injection for automated microfluidic device operation","authors":"Minseon Kim, Joong Ho Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137553","url":null,"abstract":"Microfluidic technology has driven significant progress in clinical diagnostics and point-of-care testing (POCT), with ongoing research investigating its diverse applications. However, a key limitation of microfluidic systems lies in the need for devices and methods to propel the liquids. In this study, we developed a programmable, nonelectric syringe pump capable of delivering multiple reagents to microfluidic devices in a sequential manner. A modular sector gear was designed to selectively cover portions of the gear with teeth, enabling precise and versatile control over the pumping timing. Considering the capabilities and characteristics of the pump, it is named Sequence Modifiable, Automated, and Runtime-Tunable pump, or SMART pump. The pump was utilized to detect <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) O157:H7, a deadly foodborne pathogen, through a microfluidic-based vertical immunoassay (VFA). In experiments involving the detection of <em>E</em>. <em>coli</em> O157:H7 in milk, the limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 100 CFU/mL, demonstrating a low detection threshold. This nonelectric, multistep immunoassay automation pump, featuring both portability and automation, is anticipated to be highly suitable for POCT applications. Additionally, its capacity to automate complex assay and detection without relying on an external power source suggests its potential utility in resource-limited environments, thereby improving the accessibility of innovative microfluidics-based assays.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137572
Ling-Yu Zhao, Huai-Qing Zhao, Xia Li, Lei Shang, Guo-Dong Shen, Rong-Na Ma, Huai-Sheng Wang
Naphthalene diimides (NDIs) have emerged as key candidates in the realms of photocatalysis and photovoltaics because of their semiconducting properties. However, their potential application in photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing has yet to be fully explored. In this study, two novel NDI derivatives: 2,2'-(1,3,6,8-tetraoxo-1,3,6,8-tetrahydrobenzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-2,7-diyl)dipropionic acid (NDI-COOH) and its bromine-substituted counterpart, 2,2'-(4,9-dibromo-1,3,6,8-tetraoxo-1,3,6,8-tetrahydrobenzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-2,7-diyl)dipropionic acid (Br-NDI-COOH) were synthesized and characterized. Theoretical and experimental analyses demonstrated that the bromine substitution significantly enhanced the PEC performance of Br-NDI-COOH by extending its absorption spectrum toward visible light. Furthermore, the integration of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with Br-NDI-COOH leads to the formation of an AuNPs/Br-NDI-COOH composite material that significantly enhances the PEC signal, which could be used as a signal probe in PEC immunosensor for the detection of the key biomarker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The constructed sensor exhibits remarkable sensitivity, with a detection limit of 1.22 fg·mL-1 and a linear response ranging from 10 fg·mL-1 to 100 ng·mL-1, which indicate the promising potential of the AuNPs/Br-NDI-COOH platform for the sensitive detection of biomarkers in complex biological matrices. This work pioneered the use of NDIs in PEC immunosensing and highlighted the pivotal role of functional group engineering in optimizing the PEC properties of organic semiconductors.
{"title":"Late-model naphthalene diimide material to construct highly sensitive PEC immunosensor for the detection of CEA","authors":"Ling-Yu Zhao, Huai-Qing Zhao, Xia Li, Lei Shang, Guo-Dong Shen, Rong-Na Ma, Huai-Sheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137572","url":null,"abstract":"Naphthalene diimides (NDIs) have emerged as key candidates in the realms of photocatalysis and photovoltaics because of their semiconducting properties. However, their potential application in photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing has yet to be fully explored. In this study, two novel NDI derivatives: 2,2'-(1,3,6,8-tetraoxo-1,3,6,8-tetrahydrobenzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-2,7-diyl)dipropionic acid (NDI-COOH) and its bromine-substituted counterpart, 2,2'-(4,9-dibromo-1,3,6,8-tetraoxo-1,3,6,8-tetrahydrobenzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-2,7-diyl)dipropionic acid (Br-NDI-COOH) were synthesized and characterized. Theoretical and experimental analyses demonstrated that the bromine substitution significantly enhanced the PEC performance of Br-NDI-COOH by extending its absorption spectrum toward visible light. Furthermore, the integration of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with Br-NDI-COOH leads to the formation of an AuNPs/Br-NDI-COOH composite material that significantly enhances the PEC signal, which could be used as a signal probe in PEC immunosensor for the detection of the key biomarker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The constructed sensor exhibits remarkable sensitivity, with a detection limit of 1.22 fg·mL<sup>-1</sup> and a linear response ranging from 10 fg·mL<sup>-1</sup> to 100<!-- --> <!-- -->ng·mL<sup>-1</sup>, which indicate the promising potential of the AuNPs/Br-NDI-COOH platform for the sensitive detection of biomarkers in complex biological matrices. This work pioneered the use of NDIs in PEC immunosensing and highlighted the pivotal role of functional group engineering in optimizing the PEC properties of organic semiconductors.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143547024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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