Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical最新文献_第10页

Room-temperature operable Cu-doped ZnO/TiO2 film gas sensor integrated with electrochromic visualization for NO detection 集成电致变色可视化的室温可操作cu掺杂ZnO/TiO2薄膜气体传感器用于NO检测

IF 3.7 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2026.139564

Sungjun Choi, Jiseon Kim, Minseok Kim, Jeongwon Oh, Caroline Sunyong Lee

In this study, a Cu-doped ZnO/TiO₂ film capable of detecting NO gas at room temperature of 25 ℃ was fabricated using a dry deposition process, the nanoparticle deposition system (NPDS). Cu-doped ZnO nanopowders were synthesized via the wet impregnation method and mixed with TiO₂ to improve their adhesion to the substrate. The fabricated Cu-doped ZnO/TiO₂ film exhibited responses of 19.60 % to 240 ppm NO gas and 6.91 % to 10 ppm NO gas at 25 ℃. Gas-sensing performances were compared with those of an undoped ZnO/TiO₂ film. The Cu-doped ZnO/TiO₂ film demonstrated 3.2 times higher response at 50 °C and 8.3 times higher response at 200 °C than the undoped film. Notably, while the undoped ZnO/TiO₂ film did not respond at 25 ℃, the Cu-doped ZnO/TiO₂ film maintained stable sensing capability under the same conditions. These results indicate that Cu doping induces electron redistribution near oxygen vacancy sites in ZnO, enhancing reactivity at 50 °C and enabling NO gas ionization even at 25 ℃, thus playing a critical role in ensuring stable operation at low temperatures. Furthermore, the room temperature-operable Cu-doped ZnO/TiO₂ sensor was integrated with a viologen-based electrochromic device controlled by an Arduino, enabling a visual gas-sensing system that displayed real-time color changes in response to gas exposure. In conclusion, Cu-doped ZnO nanopowders synthesized via wet impregnation were successfully deposited onto substrates using NPDS. Cu doping was found to be essential at 25 ℃ operation and improved sensing reactivity.

在本研究中，采用纳米颗粒沉积系统（NPDS）制备了一种在室温25℃下能够检测NO气体的cu掺杂ZnO/TiO 2薄膜。采用湿浸渍法制备了cu掺杂ZnO纳米粉体，并与tio2混合以提高其与基体的附着力。制备的cu掺杂ZnO/TiO 2薄膜在25℃下对240 ppm NO气体的响应率为19.60 %，对10 ppm NO气体的响应率为6.91 %。比较了未掺杂ZnO/TiO 2薄膜的气敏性能。与未掺杂ZnO/TiO 2薄膜相比，cu掺杂ZnO/TiO 2薄膜在50°C和200°C下的响应分别提高了3.2倍和8.3倍。值得注意的是，未掺杂的ZnO/TiO 2薄膜在25℃下没有响应，而cu掺杂的ZnO/TiO 2薄膜在相同条件下保持稳定的传感能力。这些结果表明，Cu掺杂诱导ZnO中氧空位附近的电子重新分布，提高了ZnO在50℃下的反应性，并且在25℃下也能使NO气体电离，从而对确保ZnO在低温下的稳定运行起着关键作用。此外，室温可操作的cu掺杂ZnO/TiO 2传感器与Arduino控制的基于violoogen的电致变色器件集成在一起，使视觉气体传感系统能够根据气体暴露显示实时颜色变化。综上所述，通过湿浸渍法制备的cu掺杂ZnO纳米粉体成功地沉积在NPDS衬底上。在25℃的工作条件下，Cu掺杂是必不可少的，可以提高传感反应性。

{"title":"Room-temperature operable Cu-doped ZnO/TiO2 film gas sensor integrated with electrochromic visualization for NO detection","authors":"Sungjun Choi, Jiseon Kim, Minseok Kim, Jeongwon Oh, Caroline Sunyong Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a Cu-doped ZnO/TiO₂ film capable of detecting NO gas at room temperature of 25 ℃ was fabricated using a dry deposition process, the nanoparticle deposition system (NPDS). Cu-doped ZnO nanopowders were synthesized via the wet impregnation method and mixed with TiO₂ to improve their adhesion to the substrate. The fabricated Cu-doped ZnO/TiO₂ film exhibited responses of 19.60 % to 240 ppm NO gas and 6.91 % to 10 ppm NO gas at 25 ℃. Gas-sensing performances were compared with those of an undoped ZnO/TiO₂ film. The Cu-doped ZnO/TiO₂ film demonstrated 3.2 times higher response at 50 °C and 8.3 times higher response at 200 °C than the undoped film. Notably, while the undoped ZnO/TiO₂ film did not respond at 25 ℃, the Cu-doped ZnO/TiO₂ film maintained stable sensing capability under the same conditions. These results indicate that Cu doping induces electron redistribution near oxygen vacancy sites in ZnO, enhancing reactivity at 50 °C and enabling NO gas ionization even at 25 ℃, thus playing a critical role in ensuring stable operation at low temperatures. Furthermore, the room temperature-operable Cu-doped ZnO/TiO₂ sensor was integrated with a viologen-based electrochromic device controlled by an Arduino, enabling a visual gas-sensing system that displayed real-time color changes in response to gas exposure. In conclusion, Cu-doped ZnO nanopowders synthesized via wet impregnation were successfully deposited onto substrates using NPDS. Cu doping was found to be essential at 25 ℃ operation and improved sensing reactivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 139564"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Magneto-photoelectrochemical 2D heterojunction platform for biosensing detection 磁光电化学二维异质结生物传感检测平台

IF 3.7 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2026.139478

Tao Wang , Nan Zhang , Hongjie Huang , Yunhe An , Yunyun Dai , Yongrui Li , Nan Yang , Chaojie Yang , Xinran Zhou , Yucheng Zhu , Yingshan Ma , Lingling Huang , Yongtian Wang , Yang Liu , Zhiyong Yan

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors exhibit significant potential for biomolecule detection due to their high sensitivity and low background noise. However, their performance is severely constrained by the rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. This study innovatively introduces a non-contact magnetic modulation strategy to suppress electron-hole recombination by manipulating carrier spin states, thereby significantly enhancing photoelectric conversion efficiency. Building on this mechanism, we developed a novel magnetically modulated PEC biosensing platform based on the MXenes/cobalt-doped titanium dioxide (Co-TiO₂) heterostructure. This platform achieved ultrasensitive detection of protein kinase A (PKA) activity. Compared to an identical probe-modified biosensor without magnetic field application, the developed platform demonstrated a 68.75 % enhancement in detection sensitivity and achieved an ultralow limit of detection for PKA of 0.00016 U/mL in the linear range of 0.005–80 U/mL. This research not only provides a novel methodology for kinase activity analysis but also pioneers the innovative strategy of magnetic modulation for enhanced PEC sensing. It opens new avenues for developing high-performance biosensing platforms, holding significant promise for early disease diagnosis and drug screening applications.

光电化学（PEC）生物传感器具有高灵敏度和低背景噪声的特点，在生物分子检测领域具有重要的应用潜力。然而，它们的性能受到光生载流子快速重组的严重限制。本研究创新性地引入了一种非接触磁调制策略，通过操纵载流子自旋态来抑制电子-空穴复合，从而显著提高光电转换效率。基于这一机制，我们开发了一种基于MXenes/钴掺杂二氧化钛（Co-TiO2）异质结构的新型磁调制PEC生物传感平台。该平台实现了蛋白激酶A （PKA）活性的超灵敏检测。与未应用磁场的探针修饰生物传感器相比，该平台的检测灵敏度提高了68.75 %，在0.005-80 U/mL的线性范围内，PKA的超低检出限为0.00016 U/mL。这项研究不仅为激酶活性分析提供了一种新的方法，而且开创了磁调制增强PEC传感的创新策略。它为开发高性能生物传感平台开辟了新的途径，为早期疾病诊断和药物筛选应用带来了重大希望。

{"title":"Magneto-photoelectrochemical 2D heterojunction platform for biosensing detection","authors":"Tao Wang , Nan Zhang , Hongjie Huang , Yunhe An , Yunyun Dai , Yongrui Li , Nan Yang , Chaojie Yang , Xinran Zhou , Yucheng Zhu , Yingshan Ma , Lingling Huang , Yongtian Wang , Yang Liu , Zhiyong Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors exhibit significant potential for biomolecule detection due to their high sensitivity and low background noise. However, their performance is severely constrained by the rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. This study innovatively introduces a non-contact magnetic modulation strategy to suppress electron-hole recombination by manipulating carrier spin states, thereby significantly enhancing photoelectric conversion efficiency. Building on this mechanism, we developed a novel magnetically modulated PEC biosensing platform based on the MXenes/cobalt-doped titanium dioxide (Co-TiO<sub>2</sub>) heterostructure. This platform achieved ultrasensitive detection of protein kinase A (PKA) activity. Compared to an identical probe-modified biosensor without magnetic field application, the developed platform demonstrated a 68.75 % enhancement in detection sensitivity and achieved an ultralow limit of detection for PKA of 0.00016 U/mL in the linear range of 0.005–80 U/mL. This research not only provides a novel methodology for kinase activity analysis but also pioneers the innovative strategy of magnetic modulation for enhanced PEC sensing. It opens new avenues for developing high-performance biosensing platforms, holding significant promise for early disease diagnosis and drug screening applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 139478"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interdigitated microwave resonator for highly sensitive detection of chemical liquids 用于化学液体高灵敏度检测的交叉式微波谐振器

IF 3.7 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2026.139475

Xiaochi Ma , Yiming Zhang , Mingxuan Mao , Fanqi Meng , Lei Cao

Sensitive and multidimensional detection of trace liquid analytes remains a key challenge for compact, label-free sensor platforms. To address this, we present a planar microwave sensor operating at 6.37–7.53 GHz, based on an interdigitated electric split-ring resonator (ID-eSRR) integrated onto a microstrip transmission line. The interdigitated geometry enables strong field–matter coupling within only 3

μ

L of analyte through enhanced electric-field confinement. Three sensor variants with different inter-finger gaps (W80, W100, W120) were fabricated via standard PCB processes to systematically investigate the geometry-dependent sensing performance governed by the effective mode volume and analyte–field overlap. Liquid-sensing experiments using four representative analytes—n-hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and acetone—with relative permittivities from 2 to 20 revealed distinct and predictable resonance shifts. The W80 sensor exhibited the highest frequency sensitivity of 1.19 GHz/

ɛ_{r}

and amplitude sensitivity of 3.04 dB/

ɛ_{r}

, corresponding to relative sensitivities of 18.67%/

ɛ_{r}

and 7.81%/

ɛ_{r}

, respectively. These results demonstrate the scalability, reproducibility, and dual-channel capability of the ID-eSRR platform, offering a low-cost, PCB-compatible solution for chemical, environmental, and biomedical microwave sensing.

痕量液体分析物的敏感和多维检测仍然是紧凑，无标签传感器平台的关键挑战。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种工作在6.37-7.53 GHz的平面微波传感器，该传感器基于集成在微带传输线上的互指式电分裂环谐振器（ID-eSRR）。交错的几何结构通过增强的电场约束，使分析物仅在3 μμL的范围内实现强场-物质耦合。通过标准PCB工艺制备了三种具有不同指间间隙的传感器（W80, W100, W120），以系统地研究由有效模式体积和分析物场重叠控制的几何相关传感性能。液体传感实验使用四种代表性分析物-正己烷，乙酸乙酯，二氯甲烷和丙酮-相对介电常数从2到20显示出明显和可预测的共振位移。W80传感器的频率灵敏度最高，为1.19 GHz/ /，幅值灵敏度为3.04 dB/ / /，相对灵敏度分别为18.67%/ /和7.81%/ / / / /。这些结果证明了ID-eSRR平台的可扩展性、可重复性和双通道能力，为化学、环境和生物医学微波传感提供了低成本、pcb兼容的解决方案。

{"title":"Interdigitated microwave resonator for highly sensitive detection of chemical liquids","authors":"Xiaochi Ma , Yiming Zhang , Mingxuan Mao , Fanqi Meng , Lei Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sensitive and multidimensional detection of trace liquid analytes remains a key challenge for compact, label-free sensor platforms. To address this, we present a planar microwave sensor operating at 6.37–7.53 GHz, based on an interdigitated electric split-ring resonator (ID-eSRR) integrated onto a microstrip transmission line. The interdigitated geometry enables strong field–matter coupling within only 3 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>L of analyte through enhanced electric-field confinement. Three sensor variants with different inter-finger gaps (W80, W100, W120) were fabricated via standard PCB processes to systematically investigate the geometry-dependent sensing performance governed by the effective mode volume and analyte–field overlap. Liquid-sensing experiments using four representative analytes—<em>n</em>-hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and acetone—with relative permittivities from 2 to 20 revealed distinct and predictable resonance shifts. The W80 sensor exhibited the highest frequency sensitivity of 1.19 GHz/<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ɛ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and amplitude sensitivity of 3.04 dB/<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ɛ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, corresponding to relative sensitivities of 18.67%/<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ɛ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and 7.81%/<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ɛ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, respectively. These results demonstrate the scalability, reproducibility, and dual-channel capability of the ID-eSRR platform, offering a low-cost, PCB-compatible solution for chemical, environmental, and biomedical microwave sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 139475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A colorimetric-photothermal-fluorescent triple-mode nanozyme sensor array: Toward machine learning driven detection and recognition of β-lactam antibiotics 比色-光热-荧光三模纳米酶传感器阵列：面向机器学习驱动的β-内酰胺类抗生素检测和识别

IF 3.7 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2026.139536

Yu Wang, Zemin Ren, Wen Zhang, Fufeng Liu, Wenjie Jing

β-lactam antibiotics (β-LAs) are widely used as anti-infective drugs, but their residues exert a serious risk to public health and the environment. Consequently, the development of simple and efficient methods for β-LAs detection is particularly important. Here, we found that β-LAs notably hinder the peroxidase-like (POD) activity of copper hydroxide nitrate (Cu₂(OH)₃NO₃) nanozyme. Based on the unique physicochemical properties of the chromogenic substrate 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), a colorimetric-photothermal-fluorescent triple-mode nanozyme array sensor was constructed and successfully used for the efficient detection and differentiation of eight β-LAs. Moreover, through the optimization of several machine learning (ML) algorithms, the accuracy of the concentration-independent classification model built on this array was enhanced from 57.29 % to 90.62 %, facilitating the recognition of blind samples. More notably, integrating sensor arrays with regression algorithms allows for accurate quantitative determination of various β-LAs. The research holds considerable importance for enhancing β-LAs recognition in complex matrices.

β-内酰胺类抗生素被广泛用作抗感染药物，但其残留对公众健康和环境造成严重威胁。因此，开发简单有效的β-LAs检测方法尤为重要。本研究发现，β-LAs明显抑制了氧化铜硝酸（Cu2(OH)3NO3）纳米酶的过氧化物酶样（POD）活性。基于显色底物3,3 ',5,5 ' -四甲基联苯胺（TMB）独特的理化性质，构建了比色-光热-荧光三模式纳米酶阵列传感器，并成功用于8种β-LAs的高效检测和鉴别。此外，通过对几种机器学习算法的优化，在该阵列上建立的浓度无关分类模型的准确率从57.29 %提高到90.62 %，有利于盲样本的识别。更值得注意的是，将传感器阵列与回归算法相结合，可以准确定量测定各种β-LAs。该研究对增强复杂矩阵中β-LAs的识别具有重要意义。

{"title":"A colorimetric-photothermal-fluorescent triple-mode nanozyme sensor array: Toward machine learning driven detection and recognition of β-lactam antibiotics","authors":"Yu Wang, Zemin Ren, Wen Zhang, Fufeng Liu, Wenjie Jing","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>β</em>-lactam antibiotics (<em>β</em>-LAs) are widely used as anti-infective drugs, but their residues exert a serious risk to public health and the environment. Consequently, the development of simple and efficient methods for <em>β</em>-LAs detection is particularly important. Here, we found that <em>β</em>-LAs notably hinder the peroxidase-like (POD) activity of copper hydroxide nitrate (Cu<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>) nanozyme. Based on the unique physicochemical properties of the chromogenic substrate 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), a colorimetric-photothermal-fluorescent triple-mode nanozyme array sensor was constructed and successfully used for the efficient detection and differentiation of eight <em>β</em>-LAs. Moreover, through the optimization of several machine learning (ML) algorithms, the accuracy of the concentration-independent classification model built on this array was enhanced from 57.29 % to 90.62 %, facilitating the recognition of blind samples. More notably, integrating sensor arrays with regression algorithms allows for accurate quantitative determination of various <em>β</em>-LAs. The research holds considerable importance for enhancing <em>β</em>-LAs recognition in complex matrices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 139536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Programmable dual-fluorescence DNA aptasensor using cascade amplification and sequence-engineered AgNCs for ultrasensitive detection of Clostridioides difficile RNase H2 使用级联扩增和序列工程agnc的可编程双荧光DNA适体传感器用于艰难梭菌RNase H2的超灵敏检测

IF 3.7 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2026.139533

Hu Zhang , Ying Zhao , Hui Meng , Xing Dong , Zhen Zhang , Jianxia Lv , Hongjun Zhao

Rapid and accurate detection of Clostridioides difficile remains challenging due to the limited sensitivity, complex protocols, and costly instrumentation required by current diagnostic assays. Here, we present a label-free, enzyme-free dual-fluorescence aptasensor that integrates entropy-driven catalysis (EDC) and catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) with DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs) for the sensitive and reliable detection of RNase H2, a highly specific biomarker of C. difficile. Aptamers immobilized on magnetic beads selectively bind RNase H2 and release complementary primers that trigger a cascaded EDC-CHA amplification network. The amplified primers modulate the conformation of AgNC-templating hairpins, enabling sequence-directed tuning of AgNC emission. By tuning the nucleation sequence, Two AgNC emitters respond inversely: red fluorescence is enhanced while yellow emission is simultaneously quenched. This ratiometric dual-signal mechanism provides intrinsic self-correction against environmental fluctuations and significantly improves quantitative accuracy. Under optimized conditions, the sensor exhibits a broad linear detection range (0.01–100 ng/mL) and an ultralow detection limit of 9.27 pg/mL, along with high specificity and accurate recovery in river water samples. This sequence-programmable DNA–AgNC platform establishes a robust, cost-effective strategy for rapid pathogen diagnostics.

由于目前的诊断检测方法灵敏度有限、方案复杂、仪器昂贵，快速准确地检测艰难梭菌仍然具有挑战性。在这里，我们提出了一种无标记、无酶的双荧光适配体传感器，它将熵驱动催化（EDC）和催化发夹组装（CHA）与dna模板化银纳米团簇（dna - agnc）结合在一起，用于敏感可靠地检测艰难梭菌高度特异性的生物标志物RNase H2。固定在磁珠上的适配体选择性地结合RNase H2并释放互补引物，从而触发级联的EDC-CHA扩增网络。扩增的引物可调节AgNC模板发卡的构象，从而实现AgNC发射的序列定向调节。通过调整成核序列，两个AgNC发射体的响应相反：红色荧光增强，而黄色荧光同时被淬灭。这种比率双信号机制对环境波动提供了内在的自我校正，并显著提高了定量准确性。在优化条件下，该传感器具有较宽的线性检测范围（0.01 ~ 100 ng/mL）和9.27 pg/mL的超低检出限，在河流水样中具有较高的特异性和准确的回收率。这个序列可编程DNA-AgNC平台为快速病原体诊断建立了一个强大的、具有成本效益的策略。

{"title":"Programmable dual-fluorescence DNA aptasensor using cascade amplification and sequence-engineered AgNCs for ultrasensitive detection of Clostridioides difficile RNase H2","authors":"Hu Zhang , Ying Zhao , Hui Meng , Xing Dong , Zhen Zhang , Jianxia Lv , Hongjun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid and accurate detection of Clostridioides difficile remains challenging due to the limited sensitivity, complex protocols, and costly instrumentation required by current diagnostic assays. Here, we present a label-free, enzyme-free dual-fluorescence aptasensor that integrates entropy-driven catalysis (EDC) and catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) with DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs) for the sensitive and reliable detection of RNase H2, a highly specific biomarker of C. difficile. Aptamers immobilized on magnetic beads selectively bind RNase H2 and release complementary primers that trigger a cascaded EDC-CHA amplification network. The amplified primers modulate the conformation of AgNC-templating hairpins, enabling sequence-directed tuning of AgNC emission. By tuning the nucleation sequence, Two AgNC emitters respond inversely: red fluorescence is enhanced while yellow emission is simultaneously quenched. This ratiometric dual-signal mechanism provides intrinsic self-correction against environmental fluctuations and significantly improves quantitative accuracy. Under optimized conditions, the sensor exhibits a broad linear detection range (0.01–100 ng/mL) and an ultralow detection limit of 9.27 pg/mL, along with high specificity and accurate recovery in river water samples. This sequence-programmable DNA–AgNC platform establishes a robust, cost-effective strategy for rapid pathogen diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 139533"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From raw signals to reliable electrochemical sensing: Data preprocessing strategies for machine learning supported energetic compound identification 从原始信号到可靠的电化学传感：机器学习支持的高能化合物识别的数据预处理策略

IF 3.7 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2026.139542

Daan Vangerven , Julia Mazurków , Bart Simoens , Karolien De Wael

The widespread use of energetic compounds in armed conflicts, terrorism, and criminal activities highlights the need for rapid, accurate, and field-deployable detection and identification methods. Electrochemical sensing offers a promising solution, as many energetic compounds contain nitro groups that undergo electrochemical reduction, generating compound-specific electrochemical fingerprints. However, overlapping signals and concentration variability complicate robust identification. In this study, we present a Random Forest-based machine learning algorithm to identify ten nitro-containing energetic compounds and one binary mixture using square wave voltammetry. Voltammetric responses were collected over a concentration range of 50 – 200 µg/mL using bare in-house screen-printed electrodes. Six Random Forest models were developed based on different input data: (1) extracted peak parameters, (2) raw voltammetric data, and (3) Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)-processed data. Models trained on raw voltammetric and DWT-processed data using default hyperparameters achieved the highest overall classification accuracy in tests with samples representative for real-life scenarios. Confidence scores enabled quantitative evaluation of model predictions, with the raw voltammetric data model delivering the most confident outcomes. This study demonstrates a novel concentration-independent, machine learning-based electrochemical strategy for the accurate energetic compound identification in field applications.

高能化合物在武装冲突、恐怖主义和犯罪活动中的广泛使用凸显了对快速、准确和可实地部署的探测和识别方法的需求。电化学传感提供了一个很有前途的解决方案，因为许多含能化合物含有硝基，经过电化学还原，产生化合物特定的电化学指纹。然而，重叠信号和浓度变异性使鲁棒性识别复杂化。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种基于随机森林的机器学习算法，使用方波伏安法识别十种含硝基含能化合物和一种二元混合物。在50 - 200 µg/mL的浓度范围内，使用裸露的内部丝网印刷电极收集伏安响应。基于不同的输入数据建立了6个随机森林模型：(1)提取的峰值参数，(2)原始伏安数据，(3)离散小波变换（DWT）处理的数据。使用默认超参数对原始伏安和dwt处理的数据进行训练的模型在具有实际场景代表性的样本的测试中获得了最高的总体分类精度。置信度评分能够对模型预测进行定量评估，原始伏安数据模型提供了最可靠的结果。本研究展示了一种新的、与浓度无关的、基于机器学习的电化学策略，用于在现场应用中准确识别含能化合物。

{"title":"From raw signals to reliable electrochemical sensing: Data preprocessing strategies for machine learning supported energetic compound identification","authors":"Daan Vangerven , Julia Mazurków , Bart Simoens , Karolien De Wael","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread use of energetic compounds in armed conflicts, terrorism, and criminal activities highlights the need for rapid, accurate, and field-deployable detection and identification methods. Electrochemical sensing offers a promising solution, as many energetic compounds contain nitro groups that undergo electrochemical reduction, generating compound-specific electrochemical fingerprints. However, overlapping signals and concentration variability complicate robust identification. In this study, we present a Random Forest-based machine learning algorithm to identify ten nitro-containing energetic compounds and one binary mixture using square wave voltammetry. Voltammetric responses were collected over a concentration range of 50 – 200 µg/mL using bare in-house screen-printed electrodes. Six Random Forest models were developed based on different input data: (1) extracted peak parameters, (2) raw voltammetric data, and (3) Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)-processed data. Models trained on raw voltammetric and DWT-processed data using default hyperparameters achieved the highest overall classification accuracy in tests with samples representative for real-life scenarios. Confidence scores enabled quantitative evaluation of model predictions, with the raw voltammetric data model delivering the most confident outcomes. This study demonstrates a novel concentration-independent, machine learning-based electrochemical strategy for the accurate energetic compound identification in field applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 139542"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A chemiluminescent system for in vivo tumor imaging via the simultaneous response of H2O2 and pH under different wavelength 一种利用H2O2和pH在不同波长下同时响应的体内肿瘤化学发光系统

IF 3.7 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2026.139548

Qihang Sun , Jingyu Huang , Lixia Bai , Yu Zhou , Wen Wu , Xiaoyang Chen , Yawen Hong , Shangjun Jiang , Shaoqing Zhuang , Chunya Li , Zhong-Hua Ma

Chemiluminescence (CL), an optical technique requiring no external excitation source, has become an efficient tool in bioimaging. However, traditional CL imaging systems are predominantly constrained by the use of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) as both the coreactant and the primary recognition target, which limits their versatility and range of applications. To overcome this limitation, we present a novel chemiluminescent imaging system that integrates a near-infrared (NIR)-emitting pH probe as a secondary emitter alongside H₂O₂ recognition, facilitating the simultaneous response of H₂O₂ and pH value. This dual-emitter system was rigorously validated in a murine tumor model, demonstrating successful dual-signal in vivo imaging at distinct emission wavelengths of 540 nm (H₂O₂) and 840 nm (pH). Under the characteristic of a tumor microenvironment (elevated H₂O₂ levels and slightly acidic pH), a significant enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio was observed with the CL system, showing increases of 18.57-fold and 11.67-fold over fluorescence imaging at 540 nm and 840 nm, thus offering significant improvements in sensitivity, specificity and resolution.

化学发光技术作为一种不需要外界激励的光学技术，已成为生物成像的有效工具。然而，传统的CL成像系统主要受到过氧化氢（H2O2）作为共反应物和主要识别目标的限制，这限制了它们的通用性和应用范围。为了克服这一限制，我们提出了一种新的化学发光成像系统，该系统将近红外（NIR）发射pH探针作为辅助发射器与H2O2识别集成在一起，促进H2O2和pH值的同时响应。该双发射器系统在小鼠肿瘤模型中得到了严格的验证，在540nm （H2O2）和840nm （pH）的不同发射波长下成功实现了双信号的体内成像。在肿瘤微环境（H2O2水平升高，pH值微酸性）的特点下，CL系统的信噪比明显增强，比荧光成像在540nm和840nm分别提高了18.57倍和11.67倍，灵敏度、特异性和分辨率均有显著提高。

{"title":"A chemiluminescent system for in vivo tumor imaging via the simultaneous response of H2O2 and pH under different wavelength","authors":"Qihang Sun , Jingyu Huang , Lixia Bai , Yu Zhou , Wen Wu , Xiaoyang Chen , Yawen Hong , Shangjun Jiang , Shaoqing Zhuang , Chunya Li , Zhong-Hua Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemiluminescence (CL), an optical technique requiring no external excitation source, has become an efficient tool in bioimaging. However, traditional CL imaging systems are predominantly constrained by the use of hydrogen peroxide (H<sub><strong>2</strong></sub>O<sub><strong>2</strong></sub>) as both the coreactant and the primary recognition target, which limits their versatility and range of applications. To overcome this limitation, we present a novel chemiluminescent imaging system that integrates a near-infrared (NIR)-emitting pH probe as a secondary emitter alongside H<sub><strong>2</strong></sub>O<sub><strong>2</strong></sub> recognition, facilitating the simultaneous response of H<sub><strong>2</strong></sub>O<sub><strong>2</strong></sub> and pH value. This dual-emitter system was rigorously validated in a murine tumor model, demonstrating successful dual-signal in vivo imaging at distinct emission wavelengths of 540 nm (H<sub><strong>2</strong></sub>O<sub><strong>2</strong></sub>) and 840 nm (pH). Under the characteristic of a tumor microenvironment (elevated H<sub><strong>2</strong></sub>O<sub><strong>2</strong></sub> levels and slightly acidic pH), a significant enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio was observed with the CL system, showing increases of 18.57-fold and 11.67-fold over fluorescence imaging at 540 nm and 840 nm, thus offering significant improvements in sensitivity, specificity and resolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 139548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146047804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surface plasmon resonance imaging biosensor based on diffraction gratings with a linearly increasing period 基于周期线性增加的衍射光栅的表面等离子体共振成像生物传感器

IF 3.7 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2026.139502

Jiří Slabý, Markéta Bocková, Ludmila Jurgová, Karel Chadt, Ondřej Hlavačka, Jiří Homola

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging is a well-established technique that enables the parallel observation of biomolecular interactions and the multiplexed detection of biomolecules. In this paper, we present a novel approach to SPR imaging based on the coupling of light to surface plasmons via diffraction gratings with a linearly increasing period. This method provides high performance, achieving a refractive index resolution below 10⁻⁶ across a broad refractive index range (∼ 0.022 RIU). We also demonstrate the biosensing potential of the proposed approach by detecting low concentrations of microRNA (miRNA), specifically miRNA-16 and miRNA-221, at levels as low as 19 pM and 10 pM, respectively.

表面等离子体共振（SPR）成像是一种成熟的技术，可以并行观察生物分子相互作用和多重检测生物分子。本文提出了一种利用周期线性增加的衍射光栅将光与表面等离子体耦合的SPR成像新方法。这种方法提供了高性能，在很宽的折射率范围内（~ 0.022 RIU）实现了低于10⁻26的折射率分辨率。我们还通过检测低浓度的microRNA (miRNA)，特别是miRNA-16和miRNA-221，分别在低至19pm和10pm的水平，证明了所提出的方法的生物传感潜力。

引用次数: 0

Hollow Co3O4 nanocubes incorporated into porous ZnO nanotubes for selectively enhanced gas sensing toward BTEX 将空心Co3O4纳米立方掺入多孔ZnO纳米管中，选择性增强对BTEX的气敏

IF 3.7 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2026.139488

Li Chen , Ya-Jie Wang , Xiao-Qian Kuang , Yu-Qing Zhang , Tian-Yu Yang , Min Li , Zheng Guo

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and m-xylene (BTEX) are typical volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that pose serious threats to human health. However, their inherent chemical stability and low reactivity render selective and sensitive detection particularly challenging. Herein, we report a p–n heterostructured gas sensing material comprising hollow Co₃O₄ nanocubes embedded in porous ZnO nanotubes (Co₃O₄/ZnO NTs), fabricated via coaxial electrospinning and Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-derived pyrolysis. The engineered architecture combines the large surface area and porosity of ZnO nanotubes with the abundant active sites of Co₃O₄, facilitating efficient gas diffusion and charge transport. The resulting sensors exhibit markedly enhanced responses to BTEX gases, particularly ethylbenzene. At 50 ppm, the responses to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and m-xylene are 2.3, 12.2, 46.5, and 30.9 times higher, respectively, than those of pristine ZnO nanotubes. In addition, the sensor demonstrates excellent selectivity for ethylbenzene and stable long-term operation. This work demonstrates an effective strategy for tuning oxide heterojunctions toward high-sensitivity, selective detection of aromatic VOCs, offering practical value for environmental monitoring.

苯、甲苯、乙苯和间二甲苯（BTEX）是典型的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs），对人体健康构成严重威胁。然而，它们固有的化学稳定性和低反应性使得选择性和灵敏度检测特别具有挑战性。在此，我们报道了一种p-n异质结构气敏材料，该材料由空心Co3O4纳米立方体嵌入多孔ZnO纳米管（Co3O4/ZnO NTs）组成，通过同轴静电纺丝和金属有机框架（MOFs）衍生的热解制备。该结构将ZnO纳米管的大表面积和多孔性与丰富的Co3O4活性位点相结合，促进了高效的气体扩散和电荷传输。由此产生的传感器对BTEX气体，特别是乙苯的反应明显增强。在50 ppm时，对苯、甲苯、乙苯和间二甲苯的响应分别是原始ZnO纳米管的2.3倍、12.2倍、46.5倍和30.9倍。此外，该传感器对乙苯具有良好的选择性，且长期稳定运行。本研究为高灵敏度、选择性检测芳香族挥发性有机化合物提供了一种有效的调整氧化物异质结的策略，为环境监测提供了实用价值。

{"title":"Hollow Co3O4 nanocubes incorporated into porous ZnO nanotubes for selectively enhanced gas sensing toward BTEX","authors":"Li Chen , Ya-Jie Wang , Xiao-Qian Kuang , Yu-Qing Zhang , Tian-Yu Yang , Min Li , Zheng Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and m-xylene (BTEX) are typical volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that pose serious threats to human health. However, their inherent chemical stability and low reactivity render selective and sensitive detection particularly challenging. Herein, we report a p–n heterostructured gas sensing material comprising hollow Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocubes embedded in porous ZnO nanotubes (Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/ZnO NTs), fabricated via coaxial electrospinning and Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-derived pyrolysis. The engineered architecture combines the large surface area and porosity of ZnO nanotubes with the abundant active sites of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, facilitating efficient gas diffusion and charge transport. The resulting sensors exhibit markedly enhanced responses to BTEX gases, particularly ethylbenzene. At 50 ppm, the responses to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and m-xylene are 2.3, 12.2, 46.5, and 30.9 times higher, respectively, than those of pristine ZnO nanotubes. In addition, the sensor demonstrates excellent selectivity for ethylbenzene and stable long-term operation. This work demonstrates an effective strategy for tuning oxide heterojunctions toward high-sensitivity, selective detection of aromatic VOCs, offering practical value for environmental monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 139488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Portable copper(II) sensor with high sensitivity based on hydrogel modified screen-printed carbon electrode applicable to seawater and drinking water analysis 基于水凝胶修饰网印碳电极的便携式高灵敏度铜（II）传感器，适用于海水和饮用水分析

IF 3.7 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.139419

Jie Sun , Bruno Bresson , Ekkachai Martwong , Pongsakorn Nuchanong , Gregory Lefèvre , Dimitri Mercier , Yvette Tran , Sophie Griveau , Cyrine Slim

Copper (II) contamination in water poses significant threats to plant and animal life, as well as ecosystem health, underscoring the importance to have sensitive and reliable copper detection methods available. To address this, we present a novel electrochemical sensor based on surface-attached polymer hydrogel for Cu²⁺ detection. The sensor is based on the use of screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified by cross-linked and covalently grafted poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel. These hydrogel films were chosen since they possess high water content and high number of carboxylic groups acting as ligands for copper metallic ions. Comprehensive physico-chemical characterization using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) confirmed the hydrogel's formation on SPCE surface. Then the sensor’s analytical performances were analyzed using differential pulse voltammetry for copper detection. The sensor exhibited a linear response across two distinct Cu²⁺ concentration ranges: 1 – 25 × 10⁻⁸ mol·L⁻¹ and 5 –100 × 10⁻⁷ mol·L⁻¹ using artificial samples in phosphate buffer (pH=7.4). The selectivity was also evaluated against main common interfering ions (Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, Co²⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺), demonstrating the sensor's specificity for Cu²⁺. The influence of concentrating divalent cations (Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) and the competitive effects of coexisting anions (like HCO₃^-) in natural aqueous systems, sea water and mineral water, was also systematically investigated. Fabricated with portable screen-printed carbon electrodes, this sensor offers a low-cost and field-deployable solution adapted to water quality monitoring for widespread environmental monitoring and industrial applications.

水中的铜（II）污染对植物和动物生命以及生态系统健康构成重大威胁，强调了提供敏感可靠的铜检测方法的重要性。为了解决这一问题，我们提出了一种基于表面附着聚合物水凝胶的新型电化学传感器，用于检测Cu2+。该传感器采用丝网印刷碳电极（SPCE），经交联和共价接枝聚丙烯酸水凝胶修饰。选择这些水凝胶膜是因为它们具有高含水量和大量的羧基作为铜金属离子的配体。利用x射线光电子能谱（XPS）和衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）进行综合理化表征，证实了水凝胶在SPCE表面的形成。利用差分脉冲伏安法对传感器的分析性能进行了分析。该传感器在两个不同的Cu2+浓度范围内表现出线性响应：1 - 25 × 10- mol·L-1和5 - 100 × 10-7mol·L -1使用磷酸盐缓冲液（pH=7.4）的人工样品。对主要干扰离子（Fe2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Co2+, Ca2+, Mg2+）的选择性也进行了评估，证明了传感器对Cu2+的特异性。本文还系统地研究了两价阳离子（Ca2+和Mg2+）浓度的影响以及共存阴离子（如HCO3-）在天然水系统、海水和矿泉水中的竞争效应。该传感器采用便携式丝网印刷碳电极制造，提供了一种低成本和可现场部署的解决方案，适用于广泛的环境监测和工业应用的水质监测。

{"title":"Portable copper(II) sensor with high sensitivity based on hydrogel modified screen-printed carbon electrode applicable to seawater and drinking water analysis","authors":"Jie Sun , Bruno Bresson , Ekkachai Martwong , Pongsakorn Nuchanong , Gregory Lefèvre , Dimitri Mercier , Yvette Tran , Sophie Griveau , Cyrine Slim","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.139419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.139419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper (II) contamination in water poses significant threats to plant and animal life, as well as ecosystem health, underscoring the importance to have sensitive and reliable copper detection methods available. To address this, we present a novel electrochemical sensor based on surface-attached polymer hydrogel for Cu<sup>2+</sup> detection. The sensor is based on the use of screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified by cross-linked and covalently grafted poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel. These hydrogel films were chosen since they possess high water content and high number of carboxylic groups acting as ligands for copper metallic ions. Comprehensive physico-chemical characterization using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) confirmed the hydrogel's formation on SPCE surface. Then the sensor’s analytical performances were analyzed using differential pulse voltammetry for copper detection. The sensor exhibited a linear response across two distinct Cu<sup>2+</sup> concentration ranges: 1 – 25 × 10⁻<sup>8</sup> mol·L<sup>−1</sup> and 5 –100 × 10<sup>−7</sup> mol·L⁻<sup>1</sup> using artificial samples in phosphate buffer (pH=7.4). The selectivity was also evaluated against main common interfering ions (Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, Pb<sup>2+</sup>, Co<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>), demonstrating the sensor's specificity for Cu<sup>2+</sup>. The influence of concentrating divalent cations (Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup>) and the competitive effects of coexisting anions (like HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) in natural aqueous systems, sea water and mineral water, was also systematically investigated. Fabricated with portable screen-printed carbon electrodes, this sensor offers a low-cost and field-deployable solution adapted to water quality monitoring for widespread environmental monitoring and industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 139419"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0