Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2026.139606
Nageen Shoukat, Jinhyeok Jeon, ChaeWon Mun, Ji Young Lee, Soo Hyun Lee, Jun-Yeong Yang, Dong-Ho Kim, Min-Young Lee, Seunghun Lee, Sung-Gyu Park
In this study, we report the development and application of a plasmonic nanostructure-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) platform, integrated with electrochemical deposition and a convolutional neural network (CNN), for the sensitive and precise detection and quantification of kidney disease biomarkers in urine. A gold nanodimple (AuND) substrate was subjected to electrochemical deposition to produce a highly reproducible and sensitive SERS substrate for protein analysis. Evaluation of the performance of the platform through reproducibility tests and quantitative analysis of Cytochrome C protein demonstrated that it has a high sensitivity and a low detection limit of 8.2 pg/mL. The system was then applied to multiplexed analysis of three kidney disease-related proteins: albumin, transferrin (TrF), and immunoglobulin G (IgG). A combination of ANOVA-based feature selection and CNN classification models achieved high accuracy, with classification accuracies of 93.8% for albumin, 96.8% for TrF, and 96.8% for IgG. Subsequently, CNN-based regression models were utilized to quantify protein concentrations in urine samples, demonstrating robust performance with R2 values of 0.9321 for albumin, 0.9848 for TrF, and 0.9957 for IgG. The method also exhibited excellent diagnostic feasibility, successfully detecting and quantifying target proteins in a urine matrix. The proposed platform thus offers a highly sensitive, reliable and non-invasive approach for early diagnosis of kidney diseases.
{"title":"Machine Learning-Assisted Electrochemical SERS for Sensitive Detection of Multiple Urinary Proteins","authors":"Nageen Shoukat, Jinhyeok Jeon, ChaeWon Mun, Ji Young Lee, Soo Hyun Lee, Jun-Yeong Yang, Dong-Ho Kim, Min-Young Lee, Seunghun Lee, Sung-Gyu Park","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2026.139606","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we report the development and application of a plasmonic nanostructure-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) platform, integrated with electrochemical deposition and a convolutional neural network (CNN), for the sensitive and precise detection and quantification of kidney disease biomarkers in urine. A gold nanodimple (AuND) substrate was subjected to electrochemical deposition to produce a highly reproducible and sensitive SERS substrate for protein analysis. Evaluation of the performance of the platform through reproducibility tests and quantitative analysis of Cytochrome C protein demonstrated that it has a high sensitivity and a low detection limit of 8.2<!-- --> <!-- -->pg/mL. The system was then applied to multiplexed analysis of three kidney disease-related proteins: albumin, transferrin (TrF), and immunoglobulin G (IgG). A combination of ANOVA-based feature selection and CNN classification models achieved high accuracy, with classification accuracies of 93.8% for albumin, 96.8% for TrF, and 96.8% for IgG. Subsequently, CNN-based regression models were utilized to quantify protein concentrations in urine samples, demonstrating robust performance with R<sup>2</sup> values of 0.9321 for albumin, 0.9848 for TrF, and 0.9957 for IgG. The method also exhibited excellent diagnostic feasibility, successfully detecting and quantifying target proteins in a urine matrix. The proposed platform thus offers a highly sensitive, reliable and non-invasive approach for early diagnosis of kidney diseases.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2026.139601
Yitong Xu, Yaming Zhao, Qiong Jia
Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a key disease biomarker for acute myocardial infarction; therefore, it is crucial to selectively enrich cTnI in complex samples and accurately detect it. Molecularly imprinted polymers combined with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (MIP-SERS) hold promise for applications in protein detection. However, the technology often suffers from low imprinting efficiency and detection complexity. Herein, we developed an epitope-oriented MIP based on host-guest interaction (hg-EMIP) between β-cyclodextrin and ferrocene, as well as constructed a novel hg-EMIP-label-free SERS assay. The template immobilization was achieved through host-guest recognition, followed by imprinted layer synthesis using multiple functional monomers. The resulting hg-EMIP exhibits high specificity toward cTnI, with superior imprinting factor and reusability. The developed hg-EMIP-label-free SERS assay enables sensitive and rapid detection of cTnI without extrinsic nanotags, possesses a wide linear range (10−3-103 ng/mL), and can be successfully used for the detection of cTnI in human serum samples. hg-EMIP is promising for the isolation of targets, and label-free SERS assay based on hg-EMIP is highly potential in the area of disease biomarker detection.
{"title":"Sensitive label-free SERS detection of cTnI enabled by epitope molecularly imprinted polymer based on host-guest interaction of cyclodextrin and ferrocene","authors":"Yitong Xu, Yaming Zhao, Qiong Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2026.139601","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a key disease biomarker for acute myocardial infarction; therefore, it is crucial to selectively enrich cTnI in complex samples and accurately detect it. Molecularly imprinted polymers combined with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (MIP-SERS) hold promise for applications in protein detection. However, the technology often suffers from low imprinting efficiency and detection complexity. Herein, we developed an epitope-oriented MIP based on host-guest interaction (hg-EMIP) between <em>β-</em>cyclodextrin and ferrocene, as well as constructed a novel hg-EMIP-label-free SERS assay. The template immobilization was achieved through host-guest recognition, followed by imprinted layer synthesis using multiple functional monomers. The resulting hg-EMIP exhibits high specificity toward cTnI, with superior imprinting factor and reusability. The developed hg-EMIP-label-free SERS assay enables sensitive and rapid detection of cTnI without extrinsic nanotags, possesses a wide linear range (10<sup>−3</sup>-10<sup>3</sup> ng/mL), and can be successfully used for the detection of cTnI in human serum samples. hg-EMIP is promising for the isolation of targets, and label-free SERS assay based on hg-EMIP is highly potential in the area of disease biomarker detection.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"57 1","pages":"139601"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2026.139608
Romain Clément, Céline Couturier, Oumar Ndiaye, Cheikh Talibouya Touré, Frank William Mendy, Moussa Dia, Stéphanie Geoffroy, Anely Tranchot, Natacha Mariano, Stéphanie Donnat, Charlotte Mignon, Benoît Beitz, Alejandra Mier, Joseph Robert Anderson Fitchett, Oumar Faye, Cheikh Tidiane Diagne, Oxana Vratskikh, Christophe Védrine
To overcome the limitation of lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) in multiplexing while preserving high sensitivity and specificity, we present COLPLEX, a high-affinity recognition system based on the ultra-specific interaction between colicin antimicrobial proteins and their cognate immunity proteins. These protein pairs, naturally evolved to exhibit femtomolar binding affinities, are bio-orthogonal and readily accessible through recombinant expression. We integrated the COLPLEX system into a biplex LFIA platform for the simultaneous detection of glycoproteins from Zaire and Sudan Ebola virus variants. Using two distinct, non-cross-reactive colicin-immunity pairs, we immobilized colicins on the nitrocellulose membrane and fused immunity proteins to the capture antibodies. This configuration significantly improved the signal-to-noise ratio, reduced capture antibody consumption, and minimized non-specific binding. Clinical evaluation using sera from Ebola-infected patients (n = 30) and negative controls (n = 40), including healthy donors and patients with other viral haemorrhagic fevers, demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy, with 96.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity, confirming the robustness of COLPLEX for real-world applications. These results highlight COLPLEX as a powerful alternative to streptavidin-biotin system and its potential to revolutionize next-generation LFIA platforms.
{"title":"COLPLEX: A High-Affinity Protein Adaptor for Enhanced Sensitivity and Multiplex Lateral Flow Immunoassays. Application to Ebola Virus Strain Detection.","authors":"Romain Clément, Céline Couturier, Oumar Ndiaye, Cheikh Talibouya Touré, Frank William Mendy, Moussa Dia, Stéphanie Geoffroy, Anely Tranchot, Natacha Mariano, Stéphanie Donnat, Charlotte Mignon, Benoît Beitz, Alejandra Mier, Joseph Robert Anderson Fitchett, Oumar Faye, Cheikh Tidiane Diagne, Oxana Vratskikh, Christophe Védrine","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2026.139608","url":null,"abstract":"To overcome the limitation of lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) in multiplexing while preserving high sensitivity and specificity, we present COLPLEX, a high-affinity recognition system based on the ultra-specific interaction between colicin antimicrobial proteins and their cognate immunity proteins. These protein pairs, naturally evolved to exhibit femtomolar binding affinities, are bio-orthogonal and readily accessible through recombinant expression. We integrated the COLPLEX system into a biplex LFIA platform for the simultaneous detection of glycoproteins from Zaire and Sudan Ebola virus variants. Using two distinct, non-cross-reactive colicin-immunity pairs, we immobilized colicins on the nitrocellulose membrane and fused immunity proteins to the capture antibodies. This configuration significantly improved the signal-to-noise ratio, reduced capture antibody consumption, and minimized non-specific binding. Clinical evaluation using sera from Ebola-infected patients (n = 30) and negative controls (n = 40), including healthy donors and patients with other viral haemorrhagic fevers, demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy, with 96.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity, confirming the robustness of COLPLEX for real-world applications. These results highlight COLPLEX as a powerful alternative to streptavidin-biotin system and its potential to revolutionize next-generation LFIA platforms.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"35 1","pages":"139608"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2026.139611
Ruxia Zhang, Xiaoye Wen, Yongfei Huang, Zhefeng Fan
Currently, novel tumor diagnosis and treatment strategies mediated by the exceptional enzyme-like activities of nanozymes demonstrate significant potential in the field of cancer theranostic. However, constrained by the potent antioxidant system of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the inadequate catalytic activity of nanozymes, endowing nanozymes with high abundance of enzyme-mimicking activities to promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, as well as detecting tumor environmental markers and designing multi-pathway strategies to disrupt TME redox homeostasis, remains a considerable challenge. Herein, a multifunctional PB@L-Arg CeO2 nanozymes with triple enzyme-mimicking activities (peroxidase, oxidase, and phosphatase-like properties) and remarkable photothermal conversion efficiency was reasonably constructed via an in-situ self-assembly strategy, achieving dual applications of colorimetric detection of glutathione (GSH) and multimodal synergistic therapy for tumors. Notably, the phosphatase-like activity mimicked by PB@L-Arg CeO2 nanozymes can directly hydrolyze nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) via a non-redox pathway and effectively inhibit intracellular GSH supply. Combined with GSH deprivation ability, it substantially disrupts the TME redox balance system and promotes the lipid peroxides (LPO) accumulation, further enhancing the ferroptosis effect, thereby significantly inhibiting tumor growth both in vivo and in vitro. In summary, this work provides a new paradigm for the design of nanozyme platforms for cancer diagnosis and multimodal therapeutic based on GSH levels.
{"title":"A GSH-Detection and Tumor Therapeutic Nanoplatform: Dual Regulation through Non-Redox Inhibition of NADPH-Driven GSH Regeneration and Depletion for Potentiating Oxidative Stress and Ferroptosis","authors":"Ruxia Zhang, Xiaoye Wen, Yongfei Huang, Zhefeng Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2026.139611","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, novel tumor diagnosis and treatment strategies mediated by the exceptional enzyme-like activities of nanozymes demonstrate significant potential in the field of cancer theranostic. However, constrained by the potent antioxidant system of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the inadequate catalytic activity of nanozymes, endowing nanozymes with high abundance of enzyme-mimicking activities to promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, as well as detecting tumor environmental markers and designing multi-pathway strategies to disrupt TME redox homeostasis, remains a considerable challenge. Herein, a multifunctional PB@L-Arg CeO<sub>2</sub> nanozymes with triple enzyme-mimicking activities (peroxidase, oxidase, and phosphatase-like properties) and remarkable photothermal conversion efficiency was reasonably constructed via an in-situ self-assembly strategy, achieving dual applications of colorimetric detection of glutathione (GSH) and multimodal synergistic therapy for tumors. Notably, the phosphatase-like activity mimicked by PB@L-Arg CeO<sub>2</sub> nanozymes can directly hydrolyze nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) via a non-redox pathway and effectively inhibit intracellular GSH supply. Combined with GSH deprivation ability, it substantially disrupts the TME redox balance system and promotes the lipid peroxides (LPO) accumulation, further enhancing the ferroptosis effect, thereby significantly inhibiting tumor growth both in vivo and in vitro. In summary, this work provides a new paradigm for the design of nanozyme platforms for cancer diagnosis and multimodal therapeutic based on GSH levels.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The CRISPR/Cas12a system holds significant promise in molecular diagnostics and biosensing due to its high programmability and efficient trans-cleavage activity. Nevertheless, current methods for regulating the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a typically involve either complex structural modifications of CRISPR RNA (crRNA) or costly chemical alterations, which restricts their broad applications. Herein, we present a robust and cost-effective strategy to program the activation of Cas12a through remodeling the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) within hairpin double-stranded DNA activator. We rationally design a hairpin probe with an incomplete PAM sequence that makes Cas12a inactive. The introduction of a specific DNA repair enzyme (e.g., uracil DNA glycosylase) excises the uracil (U) base in hairpin probe to initiate the polymerization reaction, remodeling the PAM domain into its functional form that can effectively reactivate Cas12a. This integrated strategy not only achieves precise temporal and hierarchical control over the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a, but also facilitates the construction of a universal sensing platform (namely CRISPR switch) for on-demand detection of various repair enzymes. This assay is characterized by simple experimental procedure, short analysis time (30 min), high sensitivity, and excellent selectivity. Importantly, this CRISPR switch can be integrated with a lateral flow assay (LFA) for rapid and visual detection of repair enzymes, suitable for point-of-care molecular diagnostics in resource-limited scenarios.
{"title":"Programming activation of Cas12a via PAM remodeling for on-demand detection of DNA repair enzymes","authors":"Lu-yao Chen, Qiuyu Zhang, Wen-jing Liu, Chun-yang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2026.139610","url":null,"abstract":"The CRISPR/Cas12a system holds significant promise in molecular diagnostics and biosensing due to its high programmability and efficient <em>trans</em>-cleavage activity. Nevertheless, current methods for regulating the <em>trans</em>-cleavage activity of Cas12a typically involve either complex structural modifications of CRISPR RNA (crRNA) or costly chemical alterations, which restricts their broad applications. Herein, we present a robust and cost-effective strategy to program the activation of Cas12a through remodeling the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) within hairpin double-stranded DNA activator. We rationally design a hairpin probe with an incomplete PAM sequence that makes Cas12a inactive. The introduction of a specific DNA repair enzyme (e.g., uracil DNA glycosylase) excises the uracil (U) base in hairpin probe to initiate the polymerization reaction, remodeling the PAM domain into its functional form that can effectively reactivate Cas12a. This integrated strategy not only achieves precise temporal and hierarchical control over the <em>trans</em>-cleavage activity of Cas12a, but also facilitates the construction of a universal sensing platform (namely CRISPR switch) for on-demand detection of various repair enzymes. This assay is characterized by simple experimental procedure, short analysis time (30<!-- --> <!-- -->min), high sensitivity, and excellent selectivity. Importantly, this CRISPR switch can be integrated with a lateral flow assay (LFA) for rapid and visual detection of repair enzymes, suitable for point-of-care molecular diagnostics in resource-limited scenarios.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"302 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2026.139607
Ze Fan, Xiaoyun Yin, Bin Du, Zhiwei Liu, Jiwei Xu, Xihui Mu, Bing Liu, Jianjie Xu, Zhaoyang Tong
CRISPR-Cas12 technology has revolutionized the field of nucleic acid detection. Although aerosols are a critical transmission route for epidemic viruses, most current CRISPR-based detection technologies focus on liquid samples. Direct detection of viruses in aerosols remains uncommon. In this study, we designed a novel photo-controlled CRISPR-Cas12a detection system based on split crRNA and integrated it with reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) technology to develop a “one-pot” detection protocol for viruses in aerosols. By integrating the processes of viral aerosol capture and nucleic acid enrichment, the system can enable the process from aerosol sample input to detection signal output within 1 h. The modular photo-activated CRISPR-Cas12a system constructed in this study, based on split crRNA, addresses the issues in traditional photo-controlled strategies, such as the need to customize blocking sequences for different targets and the cumbersome system optimization process. It provides a universal molecular tool for the detection of various viruses, significantly reducing design costs and enables the simultaneous detection and early warning of H7N9 influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols. This study marks the first application of photo-controlled CRISPR technology in the field of viral aerosol detection. It establishes an integrated platform for viral aerosol detection, enabling both fluorescent detection and LFA-based visual detection of low-abundance viruses in aerosols. The platform provides an accurate, sensitive, rapid, and easy-to-operate universal technical solution for diverse detection needs, and holds practical value for the prevention and control of viral transmission.
{"title":"A novel photo-controlled CRISPR-Cas12a system based on split crRNA for one-pot detection of multiple viral aerosols","authors":"Ze Fan, Xiaoyun Yin, Bin Du, Zhiwei Liu, Jiwei Xu, Xihui Mu, Bing Liu, Jianjie Xu, Zhaoyang Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2026.139607","url":null,"abstract":"CRISPR-Cas12 technology has revolutionized the field of nucleic acid detection. Although aerosols are a critical transmission route for epidemic viruses, most current CRISPR-based detection technologies focus on liquid samples. Direct detection of viruses in aerosols remains uncommon. In this study, we designed a novel photo-controlled CRISPR-Cas12a detection system based on split crRNA and integrated it with reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) technology to develop a “one-pot” detection protocol for viruses in aerosols. By integrating the processes of viral aerosol capture and nucleic acid enrichment, the system can enable the process from aerosol sample input to detection signal output within 1 h. The modular photo-activated CRISPR-Cas12a system constructed in this study, based on split crRNA, addresses the issues in traditional photo-controlled strategies, such as the need to customize blocking sequences for different targets and the cumbersome system optimization process. It provides a universal molecular tool for the detection of various viruses, significantly reducing design costs and enables the simultaneous detection and early warning of H7N9 influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols. This study marks the first application of photo-controlled CRISPR technology in the field of viral aerosol detection. It establishes an integrated platform for viral aerosol detection, enabling both fluorescent detection and LFA-based visual detection of low-abundance viruses in aerosols. The platform provides an accurate, sensitive, rapid, and easy-to-operate universal technical solution for diverse detection needs, and holds practical value for the prevention and control of viral transmission.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"314 1","pages":"139607"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2026.139600
Chu Zhang, Ying He, Shunda Qiao, Yufei Ma
A cavity-boosted multi-component quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (CBMC-QEPAS) sensor based on a multi-resonator T-type photoacoustic cell (PAC) is proposed to simultaneously detect carbon dioxide (CO2) and ammonia (NH3). The PAC, designed with multiple fundamental frequencies, functions as both an acoustic micro-resonator and a gas chamber. The resonant frequencies of PAC multiple resonators were designed using the finite element analysis method to match those of two quartz tuning fork (QTF) detectors at 3 kHz and 9.5 kHz, thereby achieving resonance enhancement. Experimental results showed 18.76-fold and 24.31-fold enhancements in 2 f signals for CO2 and NH3, respectively, with the use of multi-resonator T-type PAC. The sensor's long-term stability was evaluated using Allan deviation analysis, achieving minimum detection limits (MDLs) of 30.58 ppm for CO2 and 1.61 ppm for NH3 when the average time was 1000 s.
{"title":"Cavity-boosted multi-component quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy sensor","authors":"Chu Zhang, Ying He, Shunda Qiao, Yufei Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2026.139600","url":null,"abstract":"A cavity-boosted multi-component quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (CBMC-QEPAS) sensor based on a multi-resonator T-type photoacoustic cell (PAC) is proposed to simultaneously detect carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>). The PAC, designed with multiple fundamental frequencies, functions as both an acoustic micro-resonator and a gas chamber. The resonant frequencies of PAC multiple resonators were designed using the finite element analysis method to match those of two quartz tuning fork (QTF) detectors at 3 kHz and 9.5 kHz, thereby achieving resonance enhancement. Experimental results showed 18.76-fold and 24.31-fold enhancements in 2 <em>f</em> signals for CO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub>, respectively, with the use of multi-resonator T-type PAC. The sensor's long-term stability was evaluated using Allan deviation analysis, achieving minimum detection limits (MDLs) of 30.58 ppm for CO<sub>2</sub> and 1.61 ppm for NH<sub>3</sub> when the average time was 1000 s.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in extracellular vesicles (EVs) play pivotal roles in mediating biological functions and serve as critical quality control markers for cell-derived EV products. This study established an innovative method for target miRNA detection using a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-enabled tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN) probe at the single-EV level. The TDN probe is dual-labeled with Cy3 (donor) and Cy5 (acceptor) fluorophores, engineered to exhibit target-dependent fluorescence switching. MiR-21-5p serves as a characteristic miRNA of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs. The platform was applied to simultaneously measure miR-21-5p abundance and EV positive rates. The results show concordance between the fluorescence signal intensity and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) measurements, with additional capability for heterogeneity assessment. It maintains high accuracy in serum-mimicking matrices containing physiological interferents, demonstrating interference-resistant performance essential for clinical applications. The platform achieves single-EV resolution while circumventing RT-qPCR amplification bias, with a modular TDN probe design enabling customizable detection of diverse miRNAs. It represents a paradigm shift, advancing EV molecular quantitative detection from bulk-level ambiguity to single-particle-level precision analysis.
{"title":"Tetrahedral DNA Nanoprobes Combined with Nano-Flow Cytometry for Single-extracellular vesicle miRNA Analysis","authors":"Ping Zhu, Jialing Wang, Yu Li, Jing Jin, Tingting Li, Sha Xu, Ruifang Gao, Wenwen Jia, Sheng Xu, Yunpeng Zhao, Yue Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2026.139596","url":null,"abstract":"MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in extracellular vesicles (EVs) play pivotal roles in mediating biological functions and serve as critical quality control markers for cell-derived EV products. This study established an innovative method for target miRNA detection using a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-enabled tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN) probe at the single-EV level. The TDN probe is dual-labeled with Cy3 (donor) and Cy5 (acceptor) fluorophores, engineered to exhibit target-dependent fluorescence switching. MiR-21-5p serves as a characteristic miRNA of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs. The platform was applied to simultaneously measure miR-21-5p abundance and EV positive rates. The results show concordance between the fluorescence signal intensity and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) measurements, with additional capability for heterogeneity assessment. It maintains high accuracy in serum-mimicking matrices containing physiological interferents, demonstrating interference-resistant performance essential for clinical applications. The platform achieves single-EV resolution while circumventing RT-qPCR amplification bias, with a modular TDN probe design enabling customizable detection of diverse miRNAs. It represents a paradigm shift, advancing EV molecular quantitative detection from bulk-level ambiguity to single-particle-level precision analysis.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2026.139605
Lei Pan, Qipeng Zhang, Fan Yang, Dan Lin, Changlong Jiang
Multi-emission metal organic framework (Eu-MOF) fluorescence probe was designed and prepared as a non-invasive fluorescent sensor, for visual detection of cortisol (CORT) in human fluids. Eu-MOF probes were synthesized by the coordination polymerization of Eu3 + with 1,3,5-tri(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (H3BTB). Under the excitation of 338 nm, Eu-MOF displayed red fluorescence with ultraviolet light. Upon addition of cortisol, the red fluorescence gradually turned blue. CORT tended to attach at the Eu-MOF interface facilitated by strong interaction and potentially formed Eu-MOF-CORT composites. The detection limit (LOD) of the probe was 0.1 nM. The application of the fluorescence sensor is expanded by capturing the color signals with the smartphone camera and analyzed using a color recognition application (APP), through a smartphone contacted with the sensing region on the probe under the UV light. The recovery of fluid samples was ranged from 96.1 % to 101.3 %. Eu-MOF probe-based fluorescence sensor for enable non-invasive visual monitoring of the CORT in human fluids, highlighting the promise of functionalized MOF fluorescence sensors in health monitoring.
{"title":"Metal organic frameworks-based sensor for visual monitoring of cortisol in human fluids","authors":"Lei Pan, Qipeng Zhang, Fan Yang, Dan Lin, Changlong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2026.139605","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-emission metal organic framework (Eu-MOF) fluorescence probe was designed and prepared as a non-invasive fluorescent sensor, for visual detection of cortisol (CORT) in human fluids. Eu-MOF probes were synthesized by the coordination polymerization of Eu<sup>3 +</sup> with 1,3,5-tri(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (H<sub>3</sub>BTB). Under the excitation of 338 nm, Eu-MOF displayed red fluorescence with ultraviolet light. Upon addition of cortisol, the red fluorescence gradually turned blue. CORT tended to attach at the Eu-MOF interface facilitated by strong interaction and potentially formed Eu-MOF-CORT composites. The detection limit (LOD) of the probe was 0.1 nM. The application of the fluorescence sensor is expanded by capturing the color signals with the smartphone camera and analyzed using a color recognition application (APP), through a smartphone contacted with the sensing region on the probe under the UV light. The recovery of fluid samples was ranged from 96.1 % to 101.3 %. Eu-MOF probe-based fluorescence sensor for enable non-invasive visual monitoring of the CORT in human fluids, highlighting the promise of functionalized MOF fluorescence sensors in health monitoring.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"235 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have drawn widespread international attention as persistent carcinogens posing significant environmental hazards. There has been an urgent need to develop rapid, sensitive, and portable methods to support environmental monitoring and pollution control. This work developed a photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets/CdS quantum dots (QDs) heterojunction for sensitive PCB28 detection in atmospheric precipitation. MoS2 nanosheets served as both anchored platforms and protective layers to stabilize CdS QDs and prevented them from photocorrosion. The clean interface of 2D/0D MoS2/CdS QDs heterojunctions could help to hinder photogenerated carrier recombination effectively, which then enabled electron-hole pairs to be significantly separated and thereby comprehensively improved sensor performances. The introduction of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with cavities specifically recognizing PCB28 enabled highly selective detection of the target compound. The sensor demonstrated good performance with a detection limit of 4.04 fg/mL. In practical atmospheric precipitation detection, results from this method were in good agreement with gas chromatography measurements. Furthermore, the sensor with the advantages of portability, simple pretreatment, and low cost, provided a novel strategy for reliable detection of trace pollutants in complex ambience. It also demonstrated that multidimension synergistic effects offered by mixed-dimensional heterojunctions could further enhance optoelectronic sensor performances for environmental monitoring.
{"title":"MoS2/CdS quantum dot heterojunction-based photoelectrochemical sensors for detecting persistent organic pollutants PCB28 in atmospheric precipitation","authors":"Yeqing Liu, Hailin Zheng, Heng Liu, Chengyi Xiong, Yao Xiao, Miao-Miao Chen, Shengfu Wang, Xiuhua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2026.139593","url":null,"abstract":"Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have drawn widespread international attention as persistent carcinogens posing significant environmental hazards. There has been an urgent need to develop rapid, sensitive, and portable methods to support environmental monitoring and pollution control. This work developed a photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) nanosheets/CdS quantum dots (QDs) heterojunction for sensitive PCB28 detection in atmospheric precipitation. MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets served as both anchored platforms and protective layers to stabilize CdS QDs and prevented them from photocorrosion. The clean interface of 2D/0D MoS<sub>2</sub>/CdS QDs heterojunctions could help to hinder photogenerated carrier recombination effectively, which then enabled electron-hole pairs to be significantly separated and thereby comprehensively improved sensor performances. The introduction of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with cavities specifically recognizing PCB28 enabled highly selective detection of the target compound. The sensor demonstrated good performance with a detection limit of 4.04 fg/mL. In practical atmospheric precipitation detection, results from this method were in good agreement with gas chromatography measurements. Furthermore, the sensor with the advantages of portability, simple pretreatment, and low cost, provided a novel strategy for reliable detection of trace pollutants in complex ambience. It also demonstrated that multidimension synergistic effects offered by mixed-dimensional heterojunctions could further enhance optoelectronic sensor performances for environmental monitoring.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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