Pub Date : 2025-03-21DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137651
Chenxi Li , Fengxiang Ma , Chun Sun , Hongchao Qi , Xiao Han , Min Guo , Ke Chen
An in-situ detection system of dissolved C2H2/CH4 with a frequency division-multiplexed fiber-optic photoacoustic (PA) sensor (FOPAS) is designed for diagnosing failures of large power transformers. The system relies on a fluorinated ethylene-propylene (FEP) membrane to extract gases and an all-optical gas sensing element, which has the advantages of non-consumption of oil, anti-electromagnetic interference and passive operation. The oil-gas separation unit and the PA excitation-detection unit are closely integrated into an independent system, communicating with a dual-frequency demodulator through two optical fibers. Two lasers emitting at 1532.83 nm and 1650.91 nm operate simultaneously, exciting PA signals of C2H2 and CH4, respectively. The modulation frequencies of the two lasers are 1486 Hz and 1490 Hz, and twice the frequencies fall within the resonant frequency band of the fiber-optic microphone. A custom-designed dual-channel digital lock-in amplifier is embedded in the demodulator to avoid crosstalk between frequencies, which achieves dual-component synchronous detection. The experimental results show that the temperature increase can promote oil-gas separation. The system can reach equilibrium within 2 h at 60 ℃. The minimum detectable concentrations of dissolved C2H2 and CH4 are both about 0.1 μL·L−1, which meet the detection requirements of dissolved gases in transformer oil. The system has the potential for real-time monitoring of dissolved C2H2/CH4. The excellent detection performance provides technical support for the more accurate real-time condition monitoring and early fault warning of large power transformers.
{"title":"In-situ detection of dissolved C2H2/CH4 with frequency-division-multiplexed fiber-optic photoacoustic sensor","authors":"Chenxi Li , Fengxiang Ma , Chun Sun , Hongchao Qi , Xiao Han , Min Guo , Ke Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An <em>in-situ</em> detection system of dissolved C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> with a frequency division-multiplexed fiber-optic photoacoustic (PA) sensor (FOPAS) is designed for diagnosing failures of large power transformers. The system relies on a fluorinated ethylene-propylene (FEP) membrane to extract gases and an all-optical gas sensing element, which has the advantages of non-consumption of oil, anti-electromagnetic interference and passive operation. The oil-gas separation unit and the PA excitation-detection unit are closely integrated into an independent system, communicating with a dual-frequency demodulator through two optical fibers. Two lasers emitting at 1532.83 nm and 1650.91 nm operate simultaneously, exciting PA signals of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>, respectively. The modulation frequencies of the two lasers are 1486 Hz and 1490 Hz, and twice the frequencies fall within the resonant frequency band of the fiber-optic microphone. A custom-designed dual-channel digital lock-in amplifier is embedded in the demodulator to avoid crosstalk between frequencies, which achieves dual-component synchronous detection. The experimental results show that the temperature increase can promote oil-gas separation. The system can reach equilibrium within 2 h at 60 ℃. The minimum detectable concentrations of dissolved C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> are both about 0.1 μL·L<sup>−1</sup>, which meet the detection requirements of dissolved gases in transformer oil. The system has the potential for real-time monitoring of dissolved C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub>. The excellent detection performance provides technical support for the more accurate real-time condition monitoring and early fault warning of large power transformers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"435 ","pages":"Article 137651"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-21DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137653
Fei Liu , Jiurong Liu , Jinbo Zhao , Zhidong Jin , Shiqiang Li , Lin Liu , Zhou Wang , Lili Wu
Conventional metal oxide semiconductor sensors frequently face challenges in detecting trace harmful gases at room temperature (RT) due to their limited sensing capabilities. Addressing this challenge, we construct a novel binary metal oxide sensors based on In6WO12 for the detection of NO2 at RT according to the synergistic effect of effective volume depletion and electron scattering. The sea urchin-like In6WO12 nanospheres with large surface area (124.5 cm2g−1) and multiple diffusion paths are assembled from 7.5 nm nanoparticles via an ethylenediamine-assisted coprecipitation method. Additionally, the decorating of Au atomic cluster with ∼4.5 nm further optimizes the surface reaction path of NO2. The 1 wt%Au-In6WO12 sensor demonstrates a remarkably high response value (203) to 2 ppm NO2 at RT, which was 54.8 times greater than that of the pristine In6WO12. Significantly, the sensor also shows exceptional selectivity, with a selectivity coefficient exceeding 98 %, and it can detect NO2 at concentrations as low as 1.73 ppb, outperforming state-of-the-art conventional MOS-based NO2 sensors. In-situ DRIFTS and energy band structures analyses confirm surface reaction processes of NO2 and elucidate the reasons for the optimization of surface reactions. Reaction kinetics calculations indicate that the reaction process is accelerated due to the anchoring of Au atomic clusters. The unprecedented NO2 sensing performances of the 1 wt%Au-In6WO12 sensor renders it an exceptional choice for precise real-time detection of ppb-level NO2 at RT, and offers a novel strategy to enhance NO2 sensing properties.
{"title":"Au atomic clusters engineered on sea urchin-like In6WO12 nanospheres for high-performance ppb-level NO2 sensing at room temperature","authors":"Fei Liu , Jiurong Liu , Jinbo Zhao , Zhidong Jin , Shiqiang Li , Lin Liu , Zhou Wang , Lili Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional metal oxide semiconductor sensors frequently face challenges in detecting trace harmful gases at room temperature (RT) due to their limited sensing capabilities. Addressing this challenge, we construct a novel binary metal oxide sensors based on In<sub>6</sub>WO<sub>12</sub> for the detection of NO<sub>2</sub> at RT according to the synergistic effect of effective volume depletion and electron scattering. The sea urchin-like In<sub>6</sub>WO<sub>12</sub> nanospheres with large surface area (124.5 cm<sup>2</sup>g<sup>−1</sup>) and multiple diffusion paths are assembled from 7.5 nm nanoparticles via an ethylenediamine-assisted coprecipitation method. Additionally, the decorating of Au atomic cluster with ∼4.5 nm further optimizes the surface reaction path of NO<sub>2</sub>. The 1 wt%Au-In<sub>6</sub>WO<sub>12</sub> sensor demonstrates a remarkably high response value (203) to 2 ppm NO<sub>2</sub> at RT, which was 54.8 times greater than that of the pristine In<sub>6</sub>WO<sub>12</sub>. Significantly, the sensor also shows exceptional selectivity, with a selectivity coefficient exceeding 98 %, and it can detect NO<sub>2</sub> at concentrations as low as 1.73 ppb, outperforming state-of-the-art conventional MOS-based NO<sub>2</sub> sensors. In-situ DRIFTS and energy band structures analyses confirm surface reaction processes of NO<sub>2</sub> and elucidate the reasons for the optimization of surface reactions. Reaction kinetics calculations indicate that the reaction process is accelerated due to the anchoring of Au atomic clusters. The unprecedented NO<sub>2</sub> sensing performances of the 1 wt%Au-In<sub>6</sub>WO<sub>12</sub> sensor renders it an exceptional choice for precise real-time detection of ppb-level NO<sub>2</sub> at RT, and offers a novel strategy to enhance NO<sub>2</sub> sensing properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"435 ","pages":"Article 137653"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-21DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137608
Muhammad Waqas, Yong Zhang, Xiaoyu Li, Saif Aldeen Saad Obayes Al-Kadhim
Power plant emissions, including PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10, SO2, and NO, pose significant health risks. Precise sensing is crucial for identifying these sources; however, conventional detection methods are often complex and bulky, making them inadequate for detecting particulate matter in flue gases. Here, we purposed an array of eight silicon micron-column, three-electrode ionization particle sensors designed for simultaneous measurement of particulate concentrations, gas components, and temperature. In response to exhaust contaminants, high-frequency impulse voltage induces gas discharge between the electrodes, resulting in substantial positive ion production via field-induced and diffusion charging modes. The concentration gradient drives positively charged particles toward the extracting electrode, with opposing forces E1 and E2 accelerating ions from the ionization to the collecting region, generating collecting currents that directly measure the concentrations of both particles, and gases simultaneously. The array utilizes the nonlinear relationship between discharge current and electrode separation to measure multiple parameters, enabling the selective detection of eight contaminants. A support vector machine algorithm analyzes particle concentration values, demonstrating high sensitivity to PM2.5 and PM10, with a reference error below 10%. This cost-effective sensor array directly measures exhaust contaminants, demonstrating its potential for addressing environmental challenges.
{"title":"Study on Response Characteristic of Ionized Particle Sensor Array in Flue Gas Emission","authors":"Muhammad Waqas, Yong Zhang, Xiaoyu Li, Saif Aldeen Saad Obayes Al-Kadhim","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137608","url":null,"abstract":"Power plant emissions, including PM<sub>1</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>4</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, and NO, pose significant health risks. Precise sensing is crucial for identifying these sources; however, conventional detection methods are often complex and bulky, making them inadequate for detecting particulate matter in flue gases. Here, we purposed an array of eight silicon micron-column, three-electrode ionization particle sensors designed for simultaneous measurement of particulate concentrations, gas components, and temperature. In response to exhaust contaminants, high-frequency impulse voltage induces gas discharge between the electrodes, resulting in substantial positive ion production via field-induced and diffusion charging modes. The concentration gradient drives positively charged particles toward the extracting electrode, with opposing forces <em>E</em><sub>1</sub> and <em>E</em><sub>2</sub> accelerating ions from the ionization to the collecting region, generating collecting currents that directly measure the concentrations of both particles, and gases simultaneously. The array utilizes the nonlinear relationship between discharge current and electrode separation to measure multiple parameters, enabling the selective detection of eight contaminants. A support vector machine algorithm analyzes particle concentration values, demonstrating high sensitivity to PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>, with a reference error below 10%. This cost-effective sensor array directly measures exhaust contaminants, demonstrating its potential for addressing environmental challenges.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cervical cancer, primarily caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), remains a significant global health issue, especially in underserved regions. Despite the availability of screening methods, barriers such as limited access and resource constraints contribute to late-stage diagnoses and high mortality rates. This study introduces a novel platform utilizing centrifugal microfluidics to automate the labor-intensive Pap smear staining process, providing a cost-effective and accessible solution. The system features a disc-shaped cartridge preloaded with staining dyes and fixation liquids, following the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear staining protocol. The sample preparation is executed by applying a specific rotational speed profile via a rotor. A novel valving mechanism (Cut-off valve), driven by centrifugal and magnetic forces, acts as the primary fluidic unit to control the precise and sequential staining protocol. The functionality of these valves is demonstrated through numerical simulations for obtaining the rotational speed, using the intensity of the magnetic flux density around several different dimension magnets along with experimental validations. This platform presents a practical and scalable approach to cervical cancer screening, with the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and accessibility, particularly in low-resource settings.
{"title":"Automated Papanicolaou staining system (PapDisc) based on centrifugal microfluidics using cut-off valves","authors":"Ahamdreza Jahanian , Esmail Pishbin , Shahriar Dabiri , Amid Rahi , Mahdi Navidbakhsh","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cervical cancer, primarily caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), remains a significant global health issue, especially in underserved regions. Despite the availability of screening methods, barriers such as limited access and resource constraints contribute to late-stage diagnoses and high mortality rates. This study introduces a novel platform utilizing centrifugal microfluidics to automate the labor-intensive Pap smear staining process, providing a cost-effective and accessible solution. The system features a disc-shaped cartridge preloaded with staining dyes and fixation liquids, following the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear staining protocol. The sample preparation is executed by applying a specific rotational speed profile via a rotor. A novel valving mechanism (Cut-off valve), driven by centrifugal and magnetic forces, acts as the primary fluidic unit to control the precise and sequential staining protocol. The functionality of these valves is demonstrated through numerical simulations for obtaining the rotational speed, using the intensity of the magnetic flux density <span><math><mover><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow><mo>̅</mo></mover></math></span> around several different dimension magnets along with experimental validations. This platform presents a practical and scalable approach to cervical cancer screening, with the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and accessibility, particularly in low-resource settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"435 ","pages":"Article 137626"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fabrication of gas sensors for monitoring volatile organic sulfur compounds has currently gained wide concerns, but no related works on butylmercaptan (BM) were reported. Herein, two types of MoO3 materials were prepared by simple immersion of willow branch slices in ammonium molybdate water/acetonitrile solution followed by air calcination. The GC/MoO3 nanosheets-crosslinked tubes obtained from calcining precursor at 450 °C involve 5.45 wt% biomass-derived graphitic carbon (GC), and possess multi-level mesopores, large specific surface area and abundant oxygen vacancy defects. These structural features can increase the electroconductivity and percentage of oxygen species adsorbed on sensing surface, promote the rapid transport and adsorption of reducing BM molecules in sensing layer. Under the catalytic synergy of surface Mo6+ ions, highly sensitive detection of harmful BM gas by semiconductor sensor at different low temperatures is achieved for the first time. At near room temperature of 50 °C, GC/MoO3 sensor realized a response value (RV) of 174.8 for 50 ppm BM and it also had a good response (RV = 79) to the same concentration of BM at 92 °C. Meanwhile, it possessed reversible response-recovery and other good overall sensing performances. In addition, the low-temperature sensing mechanism of enhanced BM was analyzed in combination with DFT calculation.
{"title":"Biomass-derived graphitic carbon/MoO3 nanosheets-crosslinked tubes for high response and rapid detection of butyl mercaptan at low temperatures","authors":"Shi-Kai Shen, Yu-Ying Xin, Hui-Ye Jiang, Zhao-Peng Deng, Ying-Ming Xu, Li-Hua Huo, Shan Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fabrication of gas sensors for monitoring volatile organic sulfur compounds has currently gained wide concerns, but no related works on butylmercaptan (BM) were reported. Herein, two types of MoO<sub>3</sub> materials were prepared by simple immersion of willow branch slices in ammonium molybdate water/acetonitrile solution followed by air calcination. The GC/MoO<sub>3</sub> nanosheets-crosslinked tubes obtained from calcining precursor at 450 °C involve 5.45 wt% biomass-derived graphitic carbon (GC), and possess multi-level mesopores, large specific surface area and abundant oxygen vacancy defects. These structural features can increase the electroconductivity and percentage of oxygen species adsorbed on sensing surface, promote the rapid transport and adsorption of reducing BM molecules in sensing layer. Under the catalytic synergy of surface Mo<sup>6+</sup> ions, highly sensitive detection of harmful BM gas by semiconductor sensor at different low temperatures is achieved for the first time. At near room temperature of 50 °C, GC/MoO<sub>3</sub> sensor realized a response value (<em>RV</em>) of 174.8 for 50 ppm BM and it also had a good response (<em>RV</em> = 79) to the same concentration of BM at 92 °C. Meanwhile, it possessed reversible response-recovery and other good overall sensing performances. In addition, the low-temperature sensing mechanism of enhanced BM was analyzed in combination with DFT calculation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"435 ","pages":"Article 137655"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137617
Isidora Radičević, Domen Hudoklin
Accurate measurement of trace water vapor concentrations in gases is critical across various industries, specifically in semiconductor manufacturing where moisture impurities affect device reliability. The most sensitive and accurate methods for measuring ultra-low trace humidity concentrations, below 1 ppm, involve chilled mirror hygrometers and cavity ring-down spectroscopy sensors. The former measures dew/frost points directly, while the second detects particle number density or mole fraction. However, comparing measurements from different operating principles is challenging due to limited understanding of water vapor properties in real gases at very low humidity concentrations and elevated pressures.
The water vapor enhancement factor, which accounts for this non-ideal gas behavior, has so far been empirically determined within a restricted range, with values at low humidity extrapolated. This study extends water vapor enhancement factor measurements below 1 ppm to ultra-low frost points down to −90 °C (corresponding to 100 ppb water amount fraction) and high pressures of up to 1 MPa for carrier gases argon and nitrogen. Our findings reveal significant deviations from existing extrapolated water vapor enhancement factor values. With our measurements achieving lower uncertainties than previous models, this advancement supports the development of reliable, stable, accurate and low-cost humidity sensors essential for industrial applications requiring precise moisture control.
{"title":"Empirical enhancement factors for trace moisture in nitrogen and argon: Bridging measurement principles","authors":"Isidora Radičević, Domen Hudoklin","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate measurement of trace water vapor concentrations in gases is critical across various industries, specifically in semiconductor manufacturing where moisture impurities affect device reliability. The most sensitive and accurate methods for measuring ultra-low trace humidity concentrations, below 1 ppm, involve chilled mirror hygrometers and cavity ring-down spectroscopy sensors. The former measures dew/frost points directly, while the second detects particle number density or mole fraction. However, comparing measurements from different operating principles is challenging due to limited understanding of water vapor properties in real gases at very low humidity concentrations and elevated pressures.</div><div>The water vapor enhancement factor, which accounts for this non-ideal gas behavior, has so far been empirically determined within a restricted range, with values at low humidity extrapolated. This study extends water vapor enhancement factor measurements below 1 ppm to ultra-low frost points down to −90 °C (corresponding to 100 ppb water amount fraction) and high pressures of up to 1 MPa for carrier gases argon and nitrogen. Our findings reveal significant deviations from existing extrapolated water vapor enhancement factor values. With our measurements achieving lower uncertainties than previous models, this advancement supports the development of reliable, stable, accurate and low-cost humidity sensors essential for industrial applications requiring precise moisture control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"435 ","pages":"Article 137617"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137665
Syed Ali Raza Bukhari, Elham Alaei, Yongjun Lai
Biosensors have become indispensable for rapid detection of pathogens and play a vital role in the monitoring of bioparticles in healthcare, environmental monitoring and food safety. This paper presents a novel microsensor consisting of a pair of coupled cantilevers. During testing, the cantilevers are immersed in a sample solution and one of the cantilevers is actively actuated to vibrate while the other is passively driven through the sample solution. To accelerate pathogen capture, dielectrophoresis (DEP) is used to concentrate the sparse bacteria in the sample solution to the gap region between the cantilevers. The captured bacteria cause frequency shifts for both cantilevers. The limit of detection (LOD) of the sensor is determined to be 15 cells/ml and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) reaches to 12.8 and higher. For stagnant samples, high frequency shifts of up to 3.1 kHz are observed for 105 cells/ml while even for a low concentration of 100 cells/ml a substantial frequency shift of 914 Hz is recorded. Performance is also characterized at different flowrates, and significant frequency shifts up to 1.7 kHz are observed for 105 cells/ml concentration at 1 µl/min. These advancements establish the proposed biosensor as a highly sensitive, and versatile tool for detecting pathogens in diverse applications.
{"title":"Coupled cantilever biosensor utilizing a novel approach to gap-method for real-time detection of E. coli in low concentrations","authors":"Syed Ali Raza Bukhari, Elham Alaei, Yongjun Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biosensors have become indispensable for rapid detection of pathogens and play a vital role in the monitoring of bioparticles in healthcare, environmental monitoring and food safety. This paper presents a novel microsensor consisting of a pair of coupled cantilevers. During testing, the cantilevers are immersed in a sample solution and one of the cantilevers is actively actuated to vibrate while the other is passively driven through the sample solution. To accelerate pathogen capture, dielectrophoresis (DEP) is used to concentrate the sparse bacteria in the sample solution to the gap region between the cantilevers. The captured bacteria cause frequency shifts for both cantilevers. The limit of detection (LOD) of the sensor is determined to be 15 cells/ml and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) reaches to 12.8 and higher. For stagnant samples, high frequency shifts of up to 3.1 kHz are observed for 10<sup>5</sup> cells/ml while even for a low concentration of 100 cells/ml a substantial frequency shift of 914 Hz is recorded. Performance is also characterized at different flowrates, and significant frequency shifts up to 1.7 kHz are observed for 10<sup>5</sup> cells/ml concentration at 1 µl/min. These advancements establish the proposed biosensor as a highly sensitive, and versatile tool for detecting pathogens in diverse applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"435 ","pages":"Article 137665"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the growing global emphasis on environmental protection, new energy vehicles have become essential for reducing carbon emissions in the transportation sector. However, safety issues related to lithium-ion batteries, particularly thermal runaway, remain a critical concern. Different stages of thermal runaway produce distinct gas compositions, necessitating sensors with high selectivity for targeted detection of specific gases or gas categories. Dynamic measurement technology using temperature modulation can enhance the selectivity of semiconductor gas sensors. However, most dynamic measurements yield limited data features for gas categories, complicating subsequent classification algorithms and making them less suitable for deployment in embedded devices. To address these challenges, this study proposes an electronic nose system based on hybrid waveform modulation technology. By employing multi-waveform superposition heating, this approach enriches data features corresponding to gas responses and optimizes sensor technology and data processing algorithms using ARM+FPGA architectures, significantly improving system accuracy. The system collects gas sensor data via a sensor array and achieves a recognition rate of 95.82 % using the MLP algorithm, successfully deployed on Xilinx’s System-on-Chip (SoC) platform.
{"title":"Gas classification system based on hybrid waveform modulation technology on FPGA","authors":"Jiade Zhang , Mingzhi Jiao , Liangsong Duan , Lina Zheng , VanDuy Nguyen , Chu Manh Hung , DucHoa Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing global emphasis on environmental protection, new energy vehicles have become essential for reducing carbon emissions in the transportation sector. However, safety issues related to lithium-ion batteries, particularly thermal runaway, remain a critical concern. Different stages of thermal runaway produce distinct gas compositions, necessitating sensors with high selectivity for targeted detection of specific gases or gas categories. Dynamic measurement technology using temperature modulation can enhance the selectivity of semiconductor gas sensors. However, most dynamic measurements yield limited data features for gas categories, complicating subsequent classification algorithms and making them less suitable for deployment in embedded devices. To address these challenges, this study proposes an electronic nose system based on hybrid waveform modulation technology. By employing multi-waveform superposition heating, this approach enriches data features corresponding to gas responses and optimizes sensor technology and data processing algorithms using ARM+FPGA architectures, significantly improving system accuracy. The system collects gas sensor data via a sensor array and achieves a recognition rate of 95.82 % using the MLP algorithm, successfully deployed on Xilinx’s System-on-Chip (SoC) platform.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"435 ","pages":"Article 137637"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137652
Gaojie Li , Xueyang Li , Linqi Zhang , Zemin Zhou , Yihui Li , Hui Li , Ke Ning , Xuedong Chen
Multiple heterojunctions composite may be an effective way to simultaneously improve the selectivity and response of metal oxide semiconductor-based sensors, as well as reduce the working temperature. In this study, the NiO/Pd/SnO2 composite including PN heterojunction (NiO/SnO2) and Schottky junction (Pd/SnO2) was successfully prepared through three steps. The morphology, structure, and chemical state of surface elements were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, and XPS. Gas sensing performance displayed that the NiO/Pd/SnO2 sensor exhibited ultra-high response (1320) and selectivity (>4.1), low detect limit (0.1 ppm) and excellent long-term stability to 100 ppm of TEA at 275°C. Compared with SnO2 and NiO/SnO2, Pd/SnO2 and NiO/Pd/SnO2 sensors exhibited higher response and lower working temperature. Compared with Pd/SnO2, the NiO/Pd/SnO2 sensor exhibited higher selectivity. In addition, the adsorptions of oxygen and TEA on the surface of samples have also been simulated through DFT calculations. Based on the characterization and calculation results, the excellent sensing performance of the NiO/Pd/SnO2 sensor can be attributed to the multiple heterojunctions and strong activation effect of Pd on oxygen and TEA molecules.
{"title":"Ultra-high response and selectivity of triethylamine sensor based on NiO/Pd/SnO2 multiple heterojunctions composite","authors":"Gaojie Li , Xueyang Li , Linqi Zhang , Zemin Zhou , Yihui Li , Hui Li , Ke Ning , Xuedong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiple heterojunctions composite may be an effective way to simultaneously improve the selectivity and response of metal oxide semiconductor-based sensors, as well as reduce the working temperature. In this study, the NiO/Pd/SnO<sub>2</sub> composite including PN heterojunction (NiO/SnO<sub>2</sub>) and Schottky junction (Pd/SnO<sub>2</sub>) was successfully prepared through three steps. The morphology, structure, and chemical state of surface elements were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, and XPS. Gas sensing performance displayed that the NiO/Pd/SnO<sub>2</sub> sensor exhibited ultra-high response (1320) and selectivity (>4.1), low detect limit (0.1 ppm) and excellent long-term stability to 100 ppm of TEA at 275°C. Compared with SnO<sub>2</sub> and NiO/SnO<sub>2</sub>, Pd/SnO<sub>2</sub> and NiO/Pd/SnO<sub>2</sub> sensors exhibited higher response and lower working temperature. Compared with Pd/SnO<sub>2</sub>, the NiO/Pd/SnO<sub>2</sub> sensor exhibited higher selectivity. In addition, the adsorptions of oxygen and TEA on the surface of samples have also been simulated through DFT calculations. Based on the characterization and calculation results, the excellent sensing performance of the NiO/Pd/SnO<sub>2</sub> sensor can be attributed to the multiple heterojunctions and strong activation effect of Pd on oxygen and TEA molecules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"435 ","pages":"Article 137652"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137664
Shiqing Luo , Xiaojie Sun , Lifang Zhang , Yanming Miao , Guiqin Yan
The excessive use of antibiotics has accelerated the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is very important for the early detection, early prevention and treatment of AMR. On this basis, we combined manganese-doped zinc sulfide quantum dots (Mn-ZnS QDs) with aminated dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs-NH2) to prepare Mn-ZnS QDs@DMSNs-NH2 room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) nanocomposites·H2O2 can quench the RTP of Mn-ZnS QDs@DMSNs-NH2 nanocomposites, while catalase-positive bacteria can cause the hydrolysis of H2O2. Hence, RTP detection of different antibiotic tolerance for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was achieved. This sensing system can achieve rapid bacterial detection and AST through the difference in RTP intensity. Experimental results demonstrated that the linear detection range for bacteria is 0 × 105-64 × 105 CFU·mL−1, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 × 105 CFU·mL−1 for MRSA and 0.7 × 105 CFU·mL−1 for S. aureus. The pore confinement effect of DMSNs-NH2 can induce the aggregation of Mn-ZnS QDs, which strengthens the RTP of Mn-ZnS QDs@DMSNs-NH2 nanocomposites and improves the sensitivity of RTP detection. This method is not only free from sample background fluorescence interference, but also shortens the AST time (less than 90 min), making antibacterial treatment more time-saving and efficient and reducing patient pains. This nanosensor provides a new strategy for rapid clinical bacterial detection and effective assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility.
{"title":"Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots@dendritic mesoporous silica phosphorescent nanocomposites for antimicrobial susceptibility testing","authors":"Shiqing Luo , Xiaojie Sun , Lifang Zhang , Yanming Miao , Guiqin Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The excessive use of antibiotics has accelerated the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is very important for the early detection, early prevention and treatment of AMR. On this basis, we combined manganese-doped zinc sulfide quantum dots (Mn-ZnS QDs) with aminated dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs-NH<sub>2</sub>) to prepare Mn-ZnS QDs@DMSNs-NH<sub>2</sub> room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) nanocomposites·H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> can quench the RTP of Mn-ZnS QDs@DMSNs-NH<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites, while catalase-positive bacteria can cause the hydrolysis of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Hence, RTP detection of different antibiotic tolerance for <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>) and methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) was achieved. This sensing system can achieve rapid bacterial detection and AST through the difference in RTP intensity. Experimental results demonstrated that the linear detection range for bacteria is 0 × 10<sup>5</sup>-64 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU·mL<sup>−1</sup>, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU·mL<sup>−1</sup> for MRSA and 0.7 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU·mL<sup>−1</sup> for <em>S. aureus</em>. The pore confinement effect of DMSNs-NH<sub>2</sub> can induce the aggregation of Mn-ZnS QDs, which strengthens the RTP of Mn-ZnS QDs@DMSNs-NH<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites and improves the sensitivity of RTP detection. This method is not only free from sample background fluorescence interference, but also shortens the AST time (less than 90 min), making antibacterial treatment more time-saving and efficient and reducing patient pains. This nanosensor provides a new strategy for rapid clinical bacterial detection and effective assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"435 ","pages":"Article 137664"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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