The clinical symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are similar to those of influenza viruses (such as type A, Inf A and type B, Inf B). However, the treatment and vaccines for COVID-19 and the Flu diseases differ, respectively. There exists a critical unmet clinical need for development of rapid, sensitive, and accurate point-of-care (POC) devices to detect these three viruses. Although traditional real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is sensitive and specific, it requires large-scale equipment and skilled personnel in clinical setting. To address this issue, we developed a compact (25 × 25 × 17cm), electromagnetically-driven microfluidic system capable of performing virus capture, lysis, qRT-PCR, and fluorescence quantification within 100minutes with only 50μL of sample. The integrated microfluidic system was employed to conduct 50 blinded clinical assessments, which included 8 simulated co-infection samples. The system’s performance was compared with the gold standard by using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. For SARS-CoV-2 (E and RdRp genes), the metrics were 97.6%, 100.0%, 96.5%, 92.8%, and 100.0%. For Inf A, they were 95.2%, 90.0%, 96.8%, 90.0%, and 96.8%. For Inf B, all metrics reached 100.0%. This confirms that this portable, automated, easy-to-operate microfluidic system, with its optimized optical detection system, is suitable for POC testing.
{"title":"A Portable, Electromagnetically-Driven Microfluidic System for Molecular Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A/B Viruses","authors":"Ko-Hua Lin, Chih-Hung Wang, Ying-Jun Lin, Wen-Yen Huang, Yan-Shen Shan, Huey-Pin Tsai, Gwo-Bin Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.139324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.139324","url":null,"abstract":"The clinical symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are similar to those of influenza viruses (such as type A, Inf A and type B, Inf B). However, the treatment and vaccines for COVID-19 and the Flu diseases differ, respectively. There exists a critical unmet clinical need for development of rapid, sensitive, and accurate point-of-care (POC) devices to detect these three viruses. Although traditional real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is sensitive and specific, it requires large-scale equipment and skilled personnel in clinical setting. To address this issue, we developed a compact (25 × 25 × 17<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>cm), electromagnetically-driven microfluidic system capable of performing virus capture, lysis, qRT-PCR, and fluorescence quantification within 100<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>minutes with only 50<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>μL of sample. The integrated microfluidic system was employed to conduct 50 blinded clinical assessments, which included 8 simulated co-infection samples. The system’s performance was compared with the gold standard by using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. For SARS-CoV-2 (E and RdRp genes), the metrics were 97.6%, 100.0%, 96.5%, 92.8%, and 100.0%. For Inf A, they were 95.2%, 90.0%, 96.8%, 90.0%, and 96.8%. For Inf B, all metrics reached 100.0%. This confirms that this portable, automated, easy-to-operate microfluidic system, with its optimized optical detection system, is suitable for POC testing.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145753346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.139319
Saif Aldeen Saad Obayes AL-KADHIM, Yong Zhang, Waqas Muhammad, Jinghui Shi
This study presents surface-engineered ionized carbon nanotube (CNT) sensors for detecting sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) decomposition products, achieving exceptional sensitivity and selectivity in real-time gas monitoring. SF₆ is widely used as an insulating gas in high-voltage electrical equipment, but under fault conditions decomposes into by-products such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and thionyl fluoride (SOF₂), which are crucial indicators of equipment degradation requiring precise detection for predictive maintenance.Conventional methods including gas chromatography (GC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and semiconductor metal-oxide (MOX) sensors face limitations in continuous on-site monitoring due to complex instrumentation, high operating temperatures (>200°C), or inadequate selectivity. To overcome these challenges, a three-electrode field-ionization CNT sensor was developed featuring a uniform gold nanoparticle coating that enhances electron emission efficiency through work function reduction. The sensor achieved experimentally determined detection limits of 1 ppm for SOF₂ and 20 ppb for SO₂, with maximum sensitivities of −1.10 nA/ppm (40°C) and −0.964 nA/ppm (50°C) for SOF₂, respectively—representing 5- to 14-fold improvements over conventional benchmarks. Optimization of electrode spacing (60 µm and 75 µm) balanced electric field strength and detection range up to 540 ppm. The sensor demonstrated rapid response kinetics (t₉₀ = 11–14 s) at 40–50°C operating temperature, excellent repeatability (CV < 5%), and acceptable reproducibility across three independently fabricated sensors (CV < 33%). Cross-sensitivity remained low (maximum 3.22%/ppm), confirming robust selectivity in SF₆ matrices. This work provides a high-performance solution for real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and enhanced operational safety in high-voltage circuit breakers.
{"title":"Surface Engineering of Ionized Carbon Nanotube Sensors for Enhanced Detection of SF₆ Decomposition Gases in High-Voltage Circuit Breakers","authors":"Saif Aldeen Saad Obayes AL-KADHIM, Yong Zhang, Waqas Muhammad, Jinghui Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.139319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.139319","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents surface-engineered ionized carbon nanotube (CNT) sensors for detecting sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) decomposition products, achieving exceptional sensitivity and selectivity in real-time gas monitoring. SF₆ is widely used as an insulating gas in high-voltage electrical equipment, but under fault conditions decomposes into by-products such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and thionyl fluoride (SOF₂), which are crucial indicators of equipment degradation requiring precise detection for predictive maintenance.Conventional methods including gas chromatography (GC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and semiconductor metal-oxide (MOX) sensors face limitations in continuous on-site monitoring due to complex instrumentation, high operating temperatures (>200°C), or inadequate selectivity. To overcome these challenges, a three-electrode field-ionization CNT sensor was developed featuring a uniform gold nanoparticle coating that enhances electron emission efficiency through work function reduction. The sensor achieved experimentally determined detection limits of 1 ppm for SOF₂ and 20 ppb for SO₂, with maximum sensitivities of −1.10<!-- --> <!-- -->nA/ppm (40°C) and −0.964<!-- --> <!-- -->nA/ppm (50°C) for SOF₂, respectively—representing 5- to 14-fold improvements over conventional benchmarks. Optimization of electrode spacing (60<!-- --> <!-- -->µm and 75<!-- --> <!-- -->µm) balanced electric field strength and detection range up to 540 ppm. The sensor demonstrated rapid response kinetics (t₉₀ = 11–14<!-- --> <!-- -->s) at 40–50°C operating temperature, excellent repeatability (CV < 5%), and acceptable reproducibility across three independently fabricated sensors (CV < 33%). Cross-sensitivity remained low (maximum 3.22%/ppm), confirming robust selectivity in SF₆ matrices. This work provides a high-performance solution for real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and enhanced operational safety in high-voltage circuit breakers.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"109 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.139321
Thomas A.C. Martins, Gustavo Martins, Maurício A.P. Papi, Luiz Humberto Marcolino-Junior, Márcio F. Bergamini
{"title":"Electrochemical Multiplex Immunosensor Based on 3D Printing for Dengue NS1 Protein and Antibody Detection","authors":"Thomas A.C. Martins, Gustavo Martins, Maurício A.P. Papi, Luiz Humberto Marcolino-Junior, Márcio F. Bergamini","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.139321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.139321","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"53 1","pages":"139321"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.139317
Yawen Zhao, Lei Jia, Xiangzhen Chen, Jun Xu, Tongqian Zhao
Based on the selective fluorescence enhancement effect of danofloxacin (DANO) on a novel europium (Eu) complex, this study developed a fluorescence detection method utilizing a thymidine-Eu (T-Eu) complex as the fluorescent platform and green fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) as an internal standard reference signal. This method was successfully applied to the determination of DANO content in real samples. The newly synthesized T-Eu complex utilizes the energy transfer mechanism between thymidine and rare earth elements, exhibiting weak red fluorescence upon excitation with 365 nm UV light. Notably, the fluorescence intensity was significantly enhanced in the presence of DANO through the so-called “antenna effect”. Meanwhile, green fluorescent carbon dots were synthesized using catechol as the carbon source and ethylenediamine as the nitrogen dopant. Experimental results demonstrated that the developed CDs/T-Eu fluorescent probe exhibited favorable linear responses within DANO concentration ranges of 0-10 μM and 10-25 μM, with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.9821 and 0.9848, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined as low as 5.94 nM. Furthermore, the probe exhibited excellent selectivity and stability in practical food sample analysis, while also being simple to operate, safe, and environmentally friendly. Additionally, this study incorporated the design of logic gate circuits, thereby expanding the potential applications of fluorescent nanoprobes in intelligent device systems. In conclusion, the proposed method holds significant promise for DANO detection and offers novel strategies and technical support for the trace analysis of other environmental pollutants.
{"title":"Logic-gate driven ratiometric fluorescent platform for smartphone-based danofloxacin quantification using thymidine-lanthanide cooperative carbon dots with high selectivity","authors":"Yawen Zhao, Lei Jia, Xiangzhen Chen, Jun Xu, Tongqian Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.139317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.139317","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the selective fluorescence enhancement effect of danofloxacin (DANO) on a novel europium (Eu) complex, this study developed a fluorescence detection method utilizing a thymidine-Eu (T-Eu) complex as the fluorescent platform and green fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) as an internal standard reference signal. This method was successfully applied to the determination of DANO content in real samples. The newly synthesized T-Eu complex utilizes the energy transfer mechanism between thymidine and rare earth elements, exhibiting weak red fluorescence upon excitation with 365<!-- --> <!-- -->nm UV light. Notably, the fluorescence intensity was significantly enhanced in the presence of DANO through the so-called “antenna effect”. Meanwhile, green fluorescent carbon dots were synthesized using catechol as the carbon source and ethylenediamine as the nitrogen dopant. Experimental results demonstrated that the developed CDs/T-Eu fluorescent probe exhibited favorable linear responses within DANO concentration ranges of 0-10<!-- --> <!-- -->μM and 10-25<!-- --> <!-- -->μM, with correlation coefficients (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.9821 and 0.9848, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined as low as 5.94<!-- --> <!-- -->nM. Furthermore, the probe exhibited excellent selectivity and stability in practical food sample analysis, while also being simple to operate, safe, and environmentally friendly. Additionally, this study incorporated the design of logic gate circuits, thereby expanding the potential applications of fluorescent nanoprobes in intelligent device systems. In conclusion, the proposed method holds significant promise for DANO detection and offers novel strategies and technical support for the trace analysis of other environmental pollutants.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.139318
Hualin Guo, Pengfei Ma, Zhouping Wang
Neomycin (NEO) poses risks such as ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity through residual contamination. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an aptamer biosensor for highly sensitive identification of NEO. Compared to DNA aptamers, RNA aptamers are less commonly used due to their lower stability against nucleases. Herein, we carried out the transformation of a previously NEO RNA aptamer into DNA aptamer. Through systematic molecular dynamics studies, the conformational changes of RNA and DNA aptamers in the recognition of NEO were systematically explored. Additionally, a fluorescence-enhanced nanomaterial MOF@CuNCs was synthesized and integrated with the DNA aptamer to achieve the rapid, sensitive and efficient detection of NEO in milk and honey. The biosensor demonstrated excellent detection performance with a sensitive detection limit of 0.912 pg/mL. This work provides new strategies for aptamer redesign and supports biosensor development in food biosensing field.
{"title":"Fluorescence-enhanced biosensor based on conversion of RNA-to-DNA aptamer for detecting neomycin in food samples","authors":"Hualin Guo, Pengfei Ma, Zhouping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.139318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.139318","url":null,"abstract":"Neomycin (NEO) poses risks such as ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity through residual contamination. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an aptamer biosensor for highly sensitive identification of NEO. Compared to DNA aptamers, RNA aptamers are less commonly used due to their lower stability against nucleases. Herein, we carried out the transformation of a previously NEO RNA aptamer into DNA aptamer. Through systematic molecular dynamics studies, the conformational changes of RNA and DNA aptamers in the recognition of NEO were systematically explored. Additionally, a fluorescence-enhanced nanomaterial MOF@CuNCs was synthesized and integrated with the DNA aptamer to achieve the rapid, sensitive and efficient detection of NEO in milk and honey. The biosensor demonstrated excellent detection performance with a sensitive detection limit of 0.912<!-- --> <!-- -->pg/mL. This work provides new strategies for aptamer redesign and supports biosensor development in food biosensing field.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.139320
Liang Yu, Xiaoyang Jin, Tao Yang, Qiang Shu, Wei Li, Xingyu Lin
{"title":"A portable digital RT-LAMP platform for rapid detection of various viruses","authors":"Liang Yu, Xiaoyang Jin, Tao Yang, Qiang Shu, Wei Li, Xingyu Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.139320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.139320","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Humidity sensors are essential for environmental monitoring, human-machine interaction, and medical diagnosis. However, most research lacks mature large-scale manufacturing technologies, limiting practical application and mass production. In this work, a wafer-level metal-insulator-metal (MIM) humidity sensor based on a polyimide (PI) hierarchical structure is proposed. By employing an innovative two-step plasma etching strategy, we constructed a nanofiber-microcavity hierarchical structure on the PI sensing layer, synergistically enhancing sensitivity and dynamic response. Firstly, the PI layer was isotropically etched via microwave plasma asher (MPA) to construct microcavities, which effectively increased the water vapor adsorption area and shortened diffusion paths. Subsequently, a high-aspect-ratio nanofiber array was precisely fabricated on the microcavity surface via reactive ion etching (RIE). The resulting enlargement of specific surface area and increase in abundant hydrophilic groups facilitate efficient moisture transport. The sensor exhibits high sensitivity (1.12 pF/%RH within 60%-90% RH), fast response and recovery times (2.75 s/3.5 s), and low hysteresis (1.2%RH). In addition, the sensor demonstrates good temperature stability, long-term stability, and anti-interference capability. This process is compatible with wafer-level CMOS manufacturing, offering a solution for the large-scale fabrication of high-performance humidity sensors. It shows application potential in the fields of non-contact control and respiratory monitoring.
{"title":"Wafer-level High Performance MIM Humidity Sensor Based on Nanofiber-Microcavity Hierarchical Structures","authors":"Wenbin Qiang, Litao Qin, Shuairong Deng, Quanfeng Zhou, Tingting Yang, Xiangyu Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.139301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.139301","url":null,"abstract":"Humidity sensors are essential for environmental monitoring, human-machine interaction, and medical diagnosis. However, most research lacks mature large-scale manufacturing technologies, limiting practical application and mass production. In this work, a wafer-level metal-insulator-metal (MIM) humidity sensor based on a polyimide (PI) hierarchical structure is proposed. By employing an innovative two-step plasma etching strategy, we constructed a nanofiber-microcavity hierarchical structure on the PI sensing layer, synergistically enhancing sensitivity and dynamic response. Firstly, the PI layer was isotropically etched via microwave plasma asher (MPA) to construct microcavities, which effectively increased the water vapor adsorption area and shortened diffusion paths. Subsequently, a high-aspect-ratio nanofiber array was precisely fabricated on the microcavity surface via reactive ion etching (RIE). The resulting enlargement of specific surface area and increase in abundant hydrophilic groups facilitate efficient moisture transport. The sensor exhibits high sensitivity (1.12<!-- --> <!-- -->pF/%RH within 60%-90% RH), fast response and recovery times (2.75<!-- --> <!-- -->s/3.5<!-- --> <!-- -->s), and low hysteresis (1.2%RH). In addition, the sensor demonstrates good temperature stability, long-term stability, and anti-interference capability. This process is compatible with wafer-level CMOS manufacturing, offering a solution for the large-scale fabrication of high-performance humidity sensors. It shows application potential in the fields of non-contact control and respiratory monitoring.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"9 1","pages":"139301"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we report the structural diversity and gas sensing selectivity of bimetallic titanium/zinc organic framework (Ti/Zn-NDI-bimetallic MOF) films constructed from Zn, two different Ti sources (tetrabutyl titanate, tbT; titanium tetrachloride, Ttc), and 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxdiimide (NDI) organic ligands. The Ti/Zn-NDI-bimetallic MOF films were grown on the surface of titanium dioxide (TiO2) substrate using solvothermal method. A graphene structured (Ti/Zn-NDI- bimetallic MOF-1) and straw leaf structured (Ti/Zn-NDI-bimetallic MOF-2) films were obtained under the same fabrication condition, after selectively using the Ttc and tbT as the titanium sources, respectively. The structure diversity was assumed to be the consequence of free combination or specific site barrier effect of Ttc and tbT under strong acidic condition (pH=1.8). As the means of optical waveguide sensor (OWGS), Ti/Zn-NDI-bimetallic MOF-1 film OWGS shows a greater selective response to ethylenediamine (EDA) and H2S, when exposed to the same concentration (100 ppm) of amines and acidic gases. The Lewis acid-base interaction preferentially occurred between the film and EDA/H2S owing to the acid-base amphoteric nature of Ti/Zn-NDI-bimetallic MOF-1 frame. Within 10 ppm-100 ppt of EDA detection range, Ti/Zn-NDI-bimetallic MOF-1 film OWGS exhibits a fast (2 s) and significant response (the signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) for 100 ppt EDA was 3.52) with lower LODEDA=1.30 ppb and humidity immunitive. While, the Ti/Zn-NDI-bimetallic MOF-2 film OWGS only responds to SO2, due to the dipole-dipole host-guest interaction. Ti/Zn-NDI- bimetallic MOF-2 film OWGS has a fast response (2 s) for SO2 in the detection range of 10 ppm-100 ppt, with a S/N=4.22 (100 ppt) and LODSO2= 0.85 ppb.
在本文中，我们报道了由锌、两种不同的钛源（钛酸四丁酯，tbT；四氯化钛，Ttc）和1,4,5,8-萘四羧基二亚胺（NDI）有机配体构建的双金属钛/锌有机骨架（Ti/Zn-NDI-双金属MOF）薄膜的结构多样性和气敏选择性。采用溶剂热法在二氧化钛（TiO2）衬底表面生长了Ti/ zn - ndi双金属MOF薄膜。在相同的制备条件下，分别选择Ttc和tbT作为钛源，获得了石墨烯结构（Ti/Zn-NDI-双金属MOF-1）和秸秆叶结构（Ti/Zn-NDI-双金属MOF-2）薄膜。这种结构多样性被认为是Ttc和tbT在强酸条件下（pH=1.8）自由结合或特异位点屏障作用的结果。作为光波导传感器（OWGS）的手段，Ti/ zn - ndi -双金属MOF-1薄膜OWGS在暴露于相同浓度（100 ppm）的胺和酸性气体时，对乙二胺（EDA）和H2S具有更大的选择性响应。由于Ti/ zn - ndi - MOF-1双金属框架的酸碱两性性质，膜与EDA/H2S之间优先发生Lewis酸碱相互作用。在10 ppm-100 ppt的EDA检测范围内，Ti/ zn - ndi -双金属MOF-1薄膜OWGS表现出快速（2 s）和显著的响应（100 ppt EDA的信噪比（s /N）为3.52），低LODEDA=1.30 ppb，并且具有湿度免疫。而Ti/ zn - ndi -双金属MOF-2薄膜OWGS仅对SO2有响应，这是由于偶极子-偶极子主客体相互作用。Ti/Zn-NDI-双金属MOF-2薄膜OWGS在10 ppm-100 ppt的检测范围内对SO2具有快速响应（2 s）， s /N=4.22 (100 ppt), LODSO2= 0.85 ppb。
{"title":"Study on synergistic effect of titanium sources on structure and gas sensibility of the Ti/Zn-NDI-bimetallic MOF film optical waveguide","authors":"Patima Nizamidin, Huifang Chen, Zhiqiong Yang, Yanmei Li, Haijiao Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.139308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.139308","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we report the structural diversity and gas sensing selectivity of bimetallic titanium/zinc organic framework (Ti/Zn-NDI-bimetallic MOF) films constructed from Zn, two different Ti sources (tetrabutyl titanate, tbT; titanium tetrachloride, Ttc), and 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxdiimide (NDI) organic ligands. The Ti/Zn-NDI-bimetallic MOF films were grown on the surface of titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) substrate using solvothermal method. A graphene structured (Ti/Zn-NDI- bimetallic MOF-1) and straw leaf structured (Ti/Zn-NDI-bimetallic MOF-2) films were obtained under the same fabrication condition, after selectively using the Ttc and tbT as the titanium sources, respectively. The structure diversity was assumed to be the consequence of free combination or specific site barrier effect of Ttc and tbT under strong acidic condition (pH=1.8). As the means of optical waveguide sensor (OWGS), Ti/Zn-NDI-bimetallic MOF-1 film OWGS shows a greater selective response to ethylenediamine (EDA) and H<sub>2</sub>S, when exposed to the same concentration (100 ppm) of amines and acidic gases. The Lewis acid-base interaction preferentially occurred between the film and EDA/H<sub>2</sub>S owing to the acid-base amphoteric nature of Ti/Zn-NDI-bimetallic MOF-1 frame. Within 10 ppm-100 ppt of EDA detection range, Ti/Zn-NDI-bimetallic MOF-1 film OWGS exhibits a fast (2<!-- --> <!-- -->s) and significant response (the signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) for 100 ppt EDA was 3.52) with lower LOD<sub>EDA</sub>=1.30 ppb and humidity immunitive. While, the Ti/Zn-NDI-bimetallic MOF-2 film OWGS only responds to SO<sub>2</sub>, due to the dipole-dipole host-guest interaction. Ti/Zn-NDI- bimetallic MOF-2 film OWGS has a fast response (2<!-- --> <!-- -->s) for SO<sub>2</sub> in the detection range of 10 ppm-100 ppt, with a S/N=4.22 (100 ppt) and LOD<sub>SO2</sub>= 0.85 ppb.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), a key enzyme in the base excision repair pathway, is frequently overexpressed in multiple cancers and has emerged as an important biomarker for early diagnosis and therapeutic response evaluation. In this work, a highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor was developed for APE1 detection by integrating a PAM-regulated CRISPR-Cas12a activation mechanism with a multifunctional nanocomposite-modified electrode. A Ti₃C₂/AuNPs/CsPbBr₃ ternary nanocomposite was fabricated through ultrasonic assembly to provide enhanced conductivity, water stability, and probe-loading capacity. Meanwhile, a DNA duplex containing an AP site within the PAM region was engineered to regulate Cas12a activation through APE1-mediated cleavage and polymerase-assisted repair, thereby minimizing background interference and enabling highly specific signal generation. Ferrocene-labeled DNA tetrahedrons (TDNs) were further introduced as a spatially ordered probe scaffold to improve hybridization efficiency and facilitate Cas12a trans-cleavage–mediated signal release. This work presents three key innovations: (1) Construction of a Ti₃C₂/AuNPs/CsPbBr₃ nanocomposite that simultaneously enhances ECL stability, conductivity, and electron-transfer efficiency, addressing the inherent water-instability of perovskite emitters. (2) Coupling of a PAM-regulated APE1–KF repair mechanism with Cas12a activation to achieve highly specific AP-site recognition and selective signal generation. (3) Introduction of a TDN-based probe architecture that provides rigid spatial orientation and high-density probe loading, markedly improving hybridization efficiency and Cas12a trans-cleavage performance. Benefiting from these synergistic innovations, the biosensor achieves a detection limit of 6.28 × 10⁻⁸ U μL⁻¹ and a wide linear range (1 × 10⁻⁷ to 1 × 10⁻1 U μL⁻¹). The platform also demonstrates excellent specificity, reproducibility, and reliable performance in diluted serum, highlighting its promise for clinical and biochemical applications.
{"title":"An Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor Based on Ti₃C₂/AuNPs/CsPbBr₃ Nanocomposite and PAM-Regulated CRISPR-Cas12a Signal Amplification for Highly Sensitive Detection of APE1","authors":"Zhengfang Liang, Shuwei Xiao, Junhong Li, Guoli Zuo, Jihua Wei, Yuanxun Gong, Qianli Tang, Kai Zhang, Xianjiu Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.139316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.139316","url":null,"abstract":"Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), a key enzyme in the base excision repair pathway, is frequently overexpressed in multiple cancers and has emerged as an important biomarker for early diagnosis and therapeutic response evaluation. In this work, a highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor was developed for APE1 detection by integrating a PAM-regulated CRISPR-Cas12a activation mechanism with a multifunctional nanocomposite-modified electrode. A Ti₃C₂/AuNPs/CsPbBr₃ ternary nanocomposite was fabricated through ultrasonic assembly to provide enhanced conductivity, water stability, and probe-loading capacity. Meanwhile, a DNA duplex containing an AP site within the PAM region was engineered to regulate Cas12a activation through APE1-mediated cleavage and polymerase-assisted repair, thereby minimizing background interference and enabling highly specific signal generation. Ferrocene-labeled DNA tetrahedrons (TDNs) were further introduced as a spatially ordered probe scaffold to improve hybridization efficiency and facilitate Cas12a trans-cleavage–mediated signal release. This work presents three key innovations: (1) Construction of a Ti₃C₂/AuNPs/CsPbBr₃ nanocomposite that simultaneously enhances ECL stability, conductivity, and electron-transfer efficiency, addressing the inherent water-instability of perovskite emitters. (2) Coupling of a PAM-regulated APE1–KF repair mechanism with Cas12a activation to achieve highly specific AP-site recognition and selective signal generation. (3) Introduction of a TDN-based probe architecture that provides rigid spatial orientation and high-density probe loading, markedly improving hybridization efficiency and Cas12a trans-cleavage performance. Benefiting from these synergistic innovations, the biosensor achieves a detection limit of 6.28 × 10⁻⁸ U μL⁻¹ and a wide linear range (1 × 10⁻⁷ to 1 × 10⁻<sup>1</sup> U μL⁻¹). The platform also demonstrates excellent specificity, reproducibility, and reliable performance in diluted serum, highlighting its promise for clinical and biochemical applications.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"151 1","pages":"139316"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145752912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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