Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137420
Enlai Yang, Rui Jiang, Ying Xu, Jiahao Liang, Yang Yang, Luqiang Yu, Pengfei Wang, Xu-dong Wang
The measurement of energy metabolism in a single living cell provides new insights, both in understanding the important biological events, such as differentiation of stem cell, origin of tumor cell and drug resistance, and in studying progression of metabolism related diseases. For decades, scientists have been experimenting with various methods to achieve the goal. But, due to the size and fragility of the cell and the rigorous requirements of experiments, these attempts have not been successful. We have rationally designed a core/shell structured luminescence oxygen nanosensors, in which the chemically incompatible hydrophobic dyes and hydrophilic silica matrix was successfully merged, and resulted in nanosensors with ultra-high photostability, intense brightness, high sensitivity, and excellent biocompatibility. The robustness of silica surface makes it possible for the nanosensors to be featured with active-targeting capability. The nanosensors emitted intense luminescence and had long luminescence lifetime, and both were sensitive to changes of local oxygen concentration. After taken up by living cells, the organelle-targeting nanosensors can precisely sense and quantitatively measure the consumption of oxygen inside a single living cell over long duration, up to 180 min. With the help of mitochondrial inhibitors, the oxygen consumption rate diagram was drawn, which offers detailed clues in studying energy metabolism and health status of a single living cell.
{"title":"Real-time measurement of a single living cell energy metabolism using highly photostable and organelle-targeted oxygen nanosensors","authors":"Enlai Yang, Rui Jiang, Ying Xu, Jiahao Liang, Yang Yang, Luqiang Yu, Pengfei Wang, Xu-dong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The measurement of energy metabolism in a single living cell provides new insights, both in understanding the important biological events, such as differentiation of stem cell, origin of tumor cell and drug resistance, and in studying progression of metabolism related diseases. For decades, scientists have been experimenting with various methods to achieve the goal. But, due to the size and fragility of the cell and the rigorous requirements of experiments, these attempts have not been successful. We have rationally designed a core/shell structured luminescence oxygen nanosensors, in which the chemically incompatible hydrophobic dyes and hydrophilic silica matrix was successfully merged, and resulted in nanosensors with ultra-high photostability, intense brightness, high sensitivity, and excellent biocompatibility. The robustness of silica surface makes it possible for the nanosensors to be featured with active-targeting capability. The nanosensors emitted intense luminescence and had long luminescence lifetime, and both were sensitive to changes of local oxygen concentration. After taken up by living cells, the organelle-targeting nanosensors can precisely sense and quantitatively measure the consumption of oxygen inside a single living cell over long duration, up to 180 min. With the help of mitochondrial inhibitors, the oxygen consumption rate diagram was drawn, which offers detailed clues in studying energy metabolism and health status of a single living cell.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"431 ","pages":"Article 137420"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143385721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environment and health are two of the main concerns in the 21st century, driving increased demands for personalized monitoring technologies. Among these, micro- and nano- electromechanical systems (M/NEMS)-based resonant gravimetric gas sensors have garnered significant research attention because of their potential for continuous, real-time, and in-site monitoring of air pollutions and breath biomarkers for human disease diagnostics. Resonant gravimetric gas sensors combine mechanics, chemistry, and materials, with challenges in achieving stable, repeatable, and durable sensing performances because of the instability and susceptible feature of the sensing materials. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art resonant gravimetric gas sensors. The fundamental mechanisms of these sensors, as well as the most commonly used sensing materials and functionalization techniques, are introduced. Recent progress in strategies to enhance the sensor’s key performance metrics, such as selectivity, sensitivity, limit of detection, repeatability, and response time, are discussed in detail. Further, we summarize recent advances in the applications of resonant gravimetric gas sensors in environmental pollution detection and healthcare monitoring. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of this type of gas sensor are discussed. This review is helpful for researchers interested in developing resonant gravimetric gas sensors and in tackling the remaining challenges to accelerate the realization of this class of sensors toward practical applications.
{"title":"Advances in Micro- and Nano-scale Resonant Mass-sensitive Gas Sensors: Mechanisms, Materials, Functionalization and Applications","authors":"Yihe Zhao, Zhikang Li, Yong Xia, Qinxiang Jia, Libo Zhao, Roya Maboudia","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137415","url":null,"abstract":"Environment and health are two of the main concerns in the 21st century, driving increased demands for personalized monitoring technologies. Among these, micro- and nano- electromechanical systems (M/NEMS)-based resonant gravimetric gas sensors have garnered significant research attention because of their potential for continuous, real-time, and in-site monitoring of air pollutions and breath biomarkers for human disease diagnostics. Resonant gravimetric gas sensors combine mechanics, chemistry, and materials, with challenges in achieving stable, repeatable, and durable sensing performances because of the instability and susceptible feature of the sensing materials. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art resonant gravimetric gas sensors. The fundamental mechanisms of these sensors, as well as the most commonly used sensing materials and functionalization techniques, are introduced. Recent progress in strategies to enhance the sensor’s key performance metrics, such as selectivity, sensitivity, limit of detection, repeatability, and response time, are discussed in detail. Further, we summarize recent advances in the applications of resonant gravimetric gas sensors in environmental pollution detection and healthcare monitoring. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of this type of gas sensor are discussed. This review is helpful for researchers interested in developing resonant gravimetric gas sensors and in tackling the remaining challenges to accelerate the realization of this class of sensors toward practical applications.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143385753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137421
Honglin Yang , Hongwei Yuan , Chong Yu , Shuguang Lu , Zhifeng Fu
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), an opportunistic pathogen, causes a noticeable global public health concern because of the spread of mobile pools carrying virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Timely and accurate diagnosis of this pathogen is crucial for effectively controlling its extensive dissemination. Herein, a paper-based device (PBD) with 96 micro reaction zones compatible with a microplate reader was constructed through the electrostatic interaction between head of bacteriophage and poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (PDDA). The PBD was fabricated by adopting a cost-effective wax printing technology to create hydrophobic barriers on a filter paper with a custom stamp. The modification of PDDA in the micro reaction zones endued positively charged interface, allowing the negatively-charged bacteriophage heads to adhere in the micro reaction zones while exposing the positively-charged tails. The exposure of bacteriophage tails facilitated efficient and specific capture of the target pathogen. By employing fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled K. pneumoniae biopanning peptides as signal tracers, a fluorescent method for analyzing K. pneumoniae was established on the PBD with a dynamic range of 5.0 × 102 to 1.0 × 108 CFU/mL. The potential application of the PBD fabricated by head-oriented adsorption of bacteriophages was validated through the analysis of K. pneumoniae in various real samples with satisfying results.
{"title":"Head-oriented adsorption of bacteriophages on paper-based device for fluorescent analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae","authors":"Honglin Yang , Hongwei Yuan , Chong Yu , Shuguang Lu , Zhifeng Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (<em>K. pneumoniae</em>), an opportunistic pathogen, causes a noticeable global public health concern because of the spread of mobile pools carrying virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Timely and accurate diagnosis of this pathogen is crucial for effectively controlling its extensive dissemination. Herein, a paper-based device (PBD) with 96 micro reaction zones compatible with a microplate reader was constructed through the electrostatic interaction between head of bacteriophage and poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (PDDA). The PBD was fabricated by adopting a cost-effective wax printing technology to create hydrophobic barriers on a filter paper with a custom stamp. The modification of PDDA in the micro reaction zones endued positively charged interface, allowing the negatively-charged bacteriophage heads to adhere in the micro reaction zones while exposing the positively-charged tails. The exposure of bacteriophage tails facilitated efficient and specific capture of the target pathogen. By employing fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled <em>K. pneumoniae</em> biopanning peptides as signal tracers, a fluorescent method for analyzing <em>K. pneumoniae</em> was established on the PBD with a dynamic range of 5.0 × 10<sup>2</sup> to 1.0 × 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/mL. The potential application of the PBD fabricated by head-oriented adsorption of bacteriophages was validated through the analysis of <em>K. pneumoniae</em> in various real samples with satisfying results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"431 ","pages":"Article 137421"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143385718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137419
Haider A.J. Al Lawati , Javad Hassanzadeh , Laila Al-Maqbali , Ali Morsali
The work presents an innovative, fully integrated microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD), designed for the straightforward analysis of phenolic compounds (PCs) in olive oil. The device exploits metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to successively extract and measure the analytes, enabling a sample-in-answer-out analysis. The sampling zone was modified with a zinc-based MOF (MOF-74(Zn)) to retain the oil, effectively. Subsequently, a mobile phase was used to direct PCs to the chemiluminescence (CL) detection zone, where a new bimetal MOF (Co0.8Ce0.2-BTC0.9PyDC0.1, BTC=1,3,5-benzene dicarboxylate, PyDC=pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate) was utilized as an oxidase super-mimic. Inserting a second cation and using the mixed ligands caused lots of open metal and electron-rich sites in the structure of MOF and resulted in its potent oxidase-like activity, enormously amplifying the emission of luminol. The detection of PCs also relies on their decreasing effect on CL intensity. The extraction and detection processes underwent thorough optimization, and the performance characteristics were carefully assessed. The μPAD demonstrated sensitive and specific detection of PCs within the concentration range of 2–500 µg mL−1, with appropriate precision (RSD < 6 %). The detection limits were in the range of 1.02–1.26 µg mL−1. The method requires negligible sample treatment, and a simple operation, offering a simple yet powerful alternative to non-portable and sophisticated detection systems. The presented device holds potential applications for screening purposes, paving the way for future advancements in this field.
{"title":"Fully integrated microfluidic paper-based analytical device for straightforward extraction and estimation of the total phenolic content of olive oil samples","authors":"Haider A.J. Al Lawati , Javad Hassanzadeh , Laila Al-Maqbali , Ali Morsali","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The work presents an innovative, fully integrated microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD), designed for the straightforward analysis of phenolic compounds (PCs) in olive oil. The device exploits metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to successively extract and measure the analytes, enabling a sample-in-answer-out analysis. The sampling zone was modified with a zinc-based MOF (MOF-74(Zn)) to retain the oil, effectively. Subsequently, a mobile phase was used to direct PCs to the chemiluminescence (CL) detection zone, where a new bimetal MOF (Co<sub>0.8</sub>Ce<sub>0.2</sub>-BTC<sub>0.9</sub>PyDC<sub>0.1</sub>, BTC=1,3,5-benzene dicarboxylate, PyDC=pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate) was utilized as an oxidase super-mimic. Inserting a second cation and using the mixed ligands caused lots of open metal and electron-rich sites in the structure of MOF and resulted in its potent oxidase-like activity, enormously amplifying the emission of luminol. The detection of PCs also relies on their decreasing effect on CL intensity. The extraction and detection processes underwent thorough optimization, and the performance characteristics were carefully assessed. The μPAD demonstrated sensitive and specific detection of PCs within the concentration range of 2–500 µg mL<sup>−1</sup>, with appropriate precision (RSD < 6 %). The detection limits were in the range of 1.02–1.26 µg mL<sup>−1</sup>. The method requires negligible sample treatment, and a simple operation, offering a simple yet powerful alternative to non-portable and sophisticated detection systems. The presented device holds potential applications for screening purposes, paving the way for future advancements in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"431 ","pages":"Article 137419"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143385719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137418
Baocai Zhang, Chengqian Zhang, Chenxin Lyu, Peng Zhao, Huayong Yang
Soft robots offer unique advantages in deep-sea exploration, but bubbles in their elastomers degrade mechanical properties under extreme pressure, rendering their manufacturing process highly demanding. Here, to facilitate the optimization of deep-sea elastomer manufacturing, we propose a detection method to address challenges in non-destructively detecting internal extreme micro-bubbles using magnetic levitation (Maglev), with a sensitivity of up to 1069.04 mm [g cm3]−1. This method establishes a mathematical model that relates levitation attitude (height and angle) to density and volume moments, quantifying bubble rates and distribution. Additionally, validation of pressure resistance is conducted at 1000 atmospheres (atm) (equivalent to 10,000 m deep in the sea). The results indicate that the volumetric shrinkage of silicone rubber (SR) at 1000 atm can drop from 8.45 % to 3.26 % by reducing the bubble rate, a parameter that can be adjusted by optimizing the defoaming time and can be detected quickly (< 30 s) by Maglev device. This method’s result is not affected by various factors such as shape, size, and manufacturing process, demonstrating its wide applicability. This study verifies the reliability, accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and universality of Maglev-assisted optimization manufacturing deep-sea elastomers, and provides guidance for the development of pressure-resistant soft robots for extreme environment exploration.
{"title":"Magnetic levitation detection towards optimization of manufacturing deep-sea elastomers with extreme micro-bubble defects","authors":"Baocai Zhang, Chengqian Zhang, Chenxin Lyu, Peng Zhao, Huayong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soft robots offer unique advantages in deep-sea exploration, but bubbles in their elastomers degrade mechanical properties under extreme pressure, rendering their manufacturing process highly demanding. Here, to facilitate the optimization of deep-sea elastomer manufacturing, we propose a detection method to address challenges in non-destructively detecting internal extreme micro-bubbles using magnetic levitation (Maglev), with a sensitivity of up to 1069.04 mm [g cm<sup>3</sup>]<sup>−1</sup>. This method establishes a mathematical model that relates levitation attitude (height and angle) to density and volume moments, quantifying bubble rates and distribution. Additionally, validation of pressure resistance is conducted at 1000 atmospheres (atm) (equivalent to 10,000 m deep in the sea). The results indicate that the volumetric shrinkage of silicone rubber (SR) at 1000 atm can drop from 8.45 % to 3.26 % by reducing the bubble rate, a parameter that can be adjusted by optimizing the defoaming time and can be detected quickly (< 30 s) by Maglev device. This method’s result is not affected by various factors such as shape, size, and manufacturing process, demonstrating its wide applicability. This study verifies the reliability, accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and universality of Maglev-assisted optimization manufacturing deep-sea elastomers, and provides guidance for the development of pressure-resistant soft robots for extreme environment exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"431 ","pages":"Article 137418"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143385722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137417
Jong Heon Kim , Yujin Kim , Joo Hyung Lee , Min Hyeong Kang , Nuri Oh , Ran-Hee Shin , Jae Hwa Park , Ali Mirzaei , Sang Sub Kim , Jae-Hun Kim
In this study, we synthesized SnO2 nanowires (NWs) using a vapor–liquid–solid growth mechanism. Prior to the GaN-deposition on SnO2 NWs, high-temperature etching using a strong HCl acid changed the SnO2 morphology to nanopolygons (NPGs). GaN nanoparticles (NPs) were then decorated onto the SnO2 NPGs using a self-designed vertical hydride vapor-phase epitaxy technique for 0–30 s. The characterization studies revealed the formation of GaN-decorated SnO2 NPGs. Subsequently, gas sensors were fabricated. At 300 °C, pristine SnO2 NW sensor revealed a response of 56.1–10 ppm NO2 gas, whereas all GaN-decorated SnO2 NPG gas sensors achieved higher detection response. Moreover, the sensor with the GaN deposition time of 20 s exhibited the highest response of 111.1–10 ppm NO2 gas. The optimized sensor exhibited high selectivity, good repeatability, and long-term stability. Enhanced NO2 sensing performance of optimized sensor was related to the high specific surface area (29.7 m2/g), formation of n–n GaN/SnO2 heterojunctions and sufficient GaN decoration time, where sufficient amounts of GaN NPs were deposited on SnO2 NPGs. Therefore, this study demonstrated the promising sensing capability of GaN-decorated SnO2 NPGs, which can be regarded as a novel sensing system to realize highly sensitive and selective NO2 gas sensors.
{"title":"Morphological engineering for constructing GaN-decorated SnO2 nanopolygons with enhanced sensitivity and selectivity towards NO2 gas","authors":"Jong Heon Kim , Yujin Kim , Joo Hyung Lee , Min Hyeong Kang , Nuri Oh , Ran-Hee Shin , Jae Hwa Park , Ali Mirzaei , Sang Sub Kim , Jae-Hun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we synthesized SnO<sub>2</sub> nanowires (NWs) using a vapor–liquid–solid growth mechanism. Prior to the GaN-deposition on SnO<sub>2</sub> NWs, high-temperature etching using a strong HCl acid changed the SnO<sub>2</sub> morphology to nanopolygons (NPGs). GaN nanoparticles (NPs) were then decorated onto the SnO<sub>2</sub> NPGs using a self-designed vertical hydride vapor-phase epitaxy technique for 0–30 s. The characterization studies revealed the formation of GaN-decorated SnO<sub>2</sub> NPGs. Subsequently, gas sensors were fabricated. At 300 °C, pristine SnO<sub>2</sub> NW sensor revealed a response of 56.1–10 ppm NO<sub>2</sub> gas, whereas all GaN-decorated SnO<sub>2</sub> NPG gas sensors achieved higher detection response. Moreover, the sensor with the GaN deposition time of 20 s exhibited the highest response of 111.1–10 ppm NO<sub>2</sub> gas. The optimized sensor exhibited high selectivity, good repeatability, and long-term stability. Enhanced NO<sub>2</sub> sensing performance of optimized sensor was related to the high specific surface area (29.7 m<sup>2</sup>/g), formation of n–n GaN/SnO<sub>2</sub> heterojunctions and sufficient GaN decoration time, where sufficient amounts of GaN NPs were deposited on SnO<sub>2</sub> NPGs. Therefore, this study demonstrated the promising sensing capability of GaN-decorated SnO<sub>2</sub> NPGs, which can be regarded as a novel sensing system to realize highly sensitive and selective NO<sub>2</sub> gas sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"431 ","pages":"Article 137417"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143385720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137405
Sujithkumar Ganesh Moorthy, Hamdi Ben Halima, Rita Meunier-Prest, Anna Krystianiak, Boris Lakard, Marcel Bouvet, Lydie Viau
Polypyrrole (PPy) is a well-known conducting polymer with significant sensing capabilities for ammonia detection. In parallel, Ionic Liquids (ILs) have been developed as an alternative to water to absorb ammonia. Convinced that a combination of PPy and IL will allow to increase the sensors’ sensibility, we developed in this study microconductometric ammonia sensors composed of PPy and ILs-functionnalized PPy. These sensors were fabricated by electropolymerization on interdigitated electrodes. The resulting films incorporated various counteranions, namely bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI-), hexafluorophosphate (PF6-) and tetrafluoroborate (BF4-). Two series of sensors were prepared containing either pure PPy or copolymers functionalized with ILs. The sensing performances of these sensors towards ammonia were tested and compared. It is mesmerizing to realize that all the sensors containing ionic liquids demonstrated superior responses to NH3, experimentally detecting concentrations as low as 1 ppm under ambient conditions. Remarkably, the PPyIm-TFSI-based sensor exhibited the highest sensitivity and relative response of -4.72%.ppm-1 and -65%, respectively, with an impressive limit of detection of 63 ppb. Meanwhile, the PPyIm-BF4-based sensor displayed the fastest adsorption/desorption kinetics (t90) of 19 s/26 s, respectively. These characteristics makes these sensors some of the most effective organic chemoresistive sensors reported so far for real-environmental applications.
{"title":"Highly sensitive ammonia sensors obtained by synergetic effects of polypyrrole and ionic liquid","authors":"Sujithkumar Ganesh Moorthy, Hamdi Ben Halima, Rita Meunier-Prest, Anna Krystianiak, Boris Lakard, Marcel Bouvet, Lydie Viau","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137405","url":null,"abstract":"Polypyrrole (PPy) is a well-known conducting polymer with significant sensing capabilities for ammonia detection. In parallel, Ionic Liquids (ILs) have been developed as an alternative to water to absorb ammonia. Convinced that a combination of PPy and IL will allow to increase the sensors’ sensibility, we developed in this study microconductometric ammonia sensors composed of PPy and ILs-functionnalized PPy. These sensors were fabricated by electropolymerization on interdigitated electrodes. The resulting films incorporated various counteranions, namely bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI<sup>-</sup>), hexafluorophosphate (PF<sub>6</sub><sup>-</sup>) and tetrafluoroborate (BF<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>). Two series of sensors were prepared containing either pure PPy or copolymers functionalized with ILs. The sensing performances of these sensors towards ammonia were tested and compared. It is mesmerizing to realize that all the sensors containing ionic liquids demonstrated superior responses to NH<sub>3</sub>, experimentally detecting concentrations as low as 1 ppm under ambient conditions. Remarkably, the PPyIm-TFSI-based sensor exhibited the highest sensitivity and relative response of -4.72%.ppm<sup>-1</sup> and -65%, respectively, with an impressive limit of detection of 63 ppb. Meanwhile, the PPyIm-BF<sub>4</sub>-based sensor displayed the fastest adsorption/desorption kinetics (t<sub>90</sub>) of 19<!-- --> <!-- -->s/26<!-- --> <!-- -->s, respectively. These characteristics makes these sensors some of the most effective organic chemoresistive sensors reported so far for real-environmental applications.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143385754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137416
Jingzhu Li , Xue Liu , Xiuwei Li , Jian Wu , Aochen Wang , Nantao Hu , Min Zeng , Jianhua Yang , Siying Li , Anwei Shi , Zhi Yang
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) hold potential for gas sensors owing to their inherently large surface areas and remarkable carrier properties, but their application is generally hindered by their poor response and incomplete recovery at room temperature. Herein, ultraviolet (UV) activation of heterostructures based on gold (Au)-decorated rhenium disulfide (ReS2) nanoflowers is demonstrated for low-concentration ammonia (NH3) detection at room temperature. The heterostructures based on Au nanoparticle-decorated ReS2 nanoflowers were easily constructed via a simple hydrothermal and in-situ reduction process. The gas sensors based on the resulting heterostructures showed enhanced sensing performance for NH3 detection with the assistance of UV activation. Compared with bare ReS2, the UV-activated Au/ReS2 heterostructure with 5 mol% Au exhibited a fourfold improvement to 50 ppm NH3 with an extremely low detection limit of 12 ppb at 25 °C. Through the synergistic effect of Au nanoparticles and UV activation, the as-fabricated heterostructure gas sensor achieved complete recovery in 103 s, showing outstanding selectivity, repeatability, and long-term stability. The sensing enhancement arises from the synergistic interaction between the electronic and chemical sensing properties of Au/ReS2 heterostructures and the activation effect of UV irradiation. The heterostructure and its activation strategy can provide guidance for the systematic fabrication of high-performance TMD-based gas sensors.
{"title":"Ultraviolet activation of heterostructures based on gold-decorated rhenium disulfide nanoflowers enables sensitivity-enhanced detection of low-concentration ammonia at room temperature","authors":"Jingzhu Li , Xue Liu , Xiuwei Li , Jian Wu , Aochen Wang , Nantao Hu , Min Zeng , Jianhua Yang , Siying Li , Anwei Shi , Zhi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) hold potential for gas sensors owing to their inherently large surface areas and remarkable carrier properties, but their application is generally hindered by their poor response and incomplete recovery at room temperature. Herein, ultraviolet (UV) activation of heterostructures based on gold (Au)-decorated rhenium disulfide (ReS<sub>2</sub>) nanoflowers is demonstrated for low-concentration ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) detection at room temperature. The heterostructures based on Au nanoparticle-decorated ReS<sub>2</sub> nanoflowers were easily constructed via a simple hydrothermal and <em>in-situ</em> reduction process. The gas sensors based on the resulting heterostructures showed enhanced sensing performance for NH<sub>3</sub> detection with the assistance of UV activation. Compared with bare ReS<sub>2</sub>, the UV-activated Au/ReS<sub>2</sub> heterostructure with 5 mol% Au exhibited a fourfold improvement to 50 ppm NH<sub>3</sub> with an extremely low detection limit of 12 ppb at 25 °C. Through the synergistic effect of Au nanoparticles and UV activation, the as-fabricated heterostructure gas sensor achieved complete recovery in 103 s, showing outstanding selectivity, repeatability, and long-term stability. The sensing enhancement arises from the synergistic interaction between the electronic and chemical sensing properties of Au/ReS<sub>2</sub> heterostructures and the activation effect of UV irradiation. The heterostructure and its activation strategy can provide guidance for the systematic fabrication of high-performance TMD-based gas sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"431 ","pages":"Article 137416"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143371610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137414
Hanjoo Lee , Sanghyeon Lee , Jaehyeok Kim , Chaebeen Kwon , Sehoon Kim , Hyunho Yang , Yunsu Jang , Taeyoon Lee , Hyungjun Kim , Sungkyu Kim , Hyun S. Kum
Indium oxide is a widely used transparent conductive oxide known for its excellent electrical conductivity and transparency. These properties make indium oxide suitable for various applications, such as lighting displays and chemical sensors, particularly for detecting toxic gases like NO2 due to its high sensitivity to gas molecules. However, the inherent brittleness of indium oxide limits its use in flexible devices. In this study, we present a novel method for producing ultrasensitive, flexible NO2 gas sensors through the natural oxidation of indium, which can also be easily textured to enhance sensitivity. We utilized the dewetting characteristics of indium to create micropatterns on the surface, significantly improving the sensor's sensitivity. Comprehensive gas sensing analysis demonstrated the sensors' ultra-sensitivity and rapid response to NO2 molecules, with a resistance change of up to ∼5200 %. This work offers a simple, cost-effective approach for fabricating flexible gas sensors that operate at room temperature.
{"title":"Flexible indium oxide gas sensors with enhanced sensitivity and room temperature operation via natural oxidation techniques","authors":"Hanjoo Lee , Sanghyeon Lee , Jaehyeok Kim , Chaebeen Kwon , Sehoon Kim , Hyunho Yang , Yunsu Jang , Taeyoon Lee , Hyungjun Kim , Sungkyu Kim , Hyun S. Kum","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indium oxide is a widely used transparent conductive oxide known for its excellent electrical conductivity and transparency. These properties make indium oxide suitable for various applications, such as lighting displays and chemical sensors, particularly for detecting toxic gases like NO<sub>2</sub> due to its high sensitivity to gas molecules. However, the inherent brittleness of indium oxide limits its use in flexible devices. In this study, we present a novel method for producing ultrasensitive, flexible NO<sub>2</sub> gas sensors through the natural oxidation of indium, which can also be easily textured to enhance sensitivity. We utilized the dewetting characteristics of indium to create micropatterns on the surface, significantly improving the sensor's sensitivity. Comprehensive gas sensing analysis demonstrated the sensors' ultra-sensitivity and rapid response to NO<sub>2</sub> molecules, with a resistance change of up to ∼5200 %. This work offers a simple, cost-effective approach for fabricating flexible gas sensors that operate at room temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"431 ","pages":"Article 137414"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143371612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137406
Chunyan Sun , Qiqi Dang , Xinyue Ma , Rui Jin , Zheng Liu , Peitong Yu , Hongxia Li , Yuting Ji , Junyang Wang
β-Lactoglobulin (BLG) is considered the main sensitizing protein that causes milk allergy and has become one of the hot spots in food safety research. Here, a simple multicolor visualization sensing strategy was constructed by hemin/G-quadruplex (G4) DNAzyme and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)-mediated etching of gold nanorods (GNRs). A dual-functional aptamer enlg2-pl3 was used as the recognition element of BLG and the skeleton of hemin/G4 DNAzyme. Hemin/G4 DNAzyme catalyzed H2O2-mediated oxidation of TMB to produce TMB2+ under acidic conditions. The GNRs were etched by TMB2+ with a change in the aspect ratio, accompanied by a multicolor change. The combination of BLG and enlg2-pl3 reduced the catalytic activity of hemin/G4 DNAzyme, thus inhibiting the etching reaction. The concentration gradient of the BLG can be identified by the difference in the plasmon resonance wavelength signal and the color change generated by the GNRs with different aspect ratios. Compared to previous colorimetric methods for BLG determination, multiple colors corresponding to the concentration of BLG was the most attractive virtue of our approach. This aptasensor can easily detect BLG within 50 min. Combined with the smartphone detection platform, it can realize convenient quantitative analysis without instruments and meet the requirements of point-of-care testing (POCT).
{"title":"Multicolor visual biosensor based on dual-functional aptamer-mediated gold nanorod etching for point-of-care testing of β-lactoglobulin","authors":"Chunyan Sun , Qiqi Dang , Xinyue Ma , Rui Jin , Zheng Liu , Peitong Yu , Hongxia Li , Yuting Ji , Junyang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>β-Lactoglobulin (BLG) is considered the main sensitizing protein that causes milk allergy and has become one of the hot spots in food safety research. Here, a simple multicolor visualization sensing strategy was constructed by hemin/G-quadruplex (G4) DNAzyme and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)-mediated etching of gold nanorods (GNRs). A dual-functional aptamer enlg2-pl3 was used as the recognition element of BLG and the skeleton of hemin/G4 DNAzyme. Hemin/G4 DNAzyme catalyzed H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-mediated oxidation of TMB to produce TMB<sup>2+</sup> under acidic conditions. The GNRs were etched by TMB<sup>2+</sup> with a change in the aspect ratio, accompanied by a multicolor change. The combination of BLG and enlg2-pl3 reduced the catalytic activity of hemin/G4 DNAzyme, thus inhibiting the etching reaction. The concentration gradient of the BLG can be identified by the difference in the plasmon resonance wavelength signal and the color change generated by the GNRs with different aspect ratios. Compared to previous colorimetric methods for BLG determination, multiple colors corresponding to the concentration of BLG was the most attractive virtue of our approach. This aptasensor can easily detect BLG within 50 min. Combined with the smartphone detection platform, it can realize convenient quantitative analysis without instruments and meet the requirements of point-of-care testing (POCT).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"431 ","pages":"Article 137406"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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