Pub Date : 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2026.139581
Runqiu Wang, Ying He, Shunda Qiao, Chu Zhang, Haiyue Sun, Jinxing Liang, Yufei Ma
Quartz-enhanced laser spectroscopy, including quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) and light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES), has become a research focus in the trace gas sensing field. This study developed a systematic approach for designing, optimizing, and characterizing grooved quartz tuning forks (QTFs) for quartz-enhanced laser spectroscopy. We combined theoretical modeling, finite element simulation, and experimental investigation to develop a comprehensive method for designing high-performance grooved QTFs by controlling the groove dimensions, including its depth, width, and shape. Experimental investigations revealed that rectangular grooves with a depth of 22 μm and a width of 1237.5 μm produced the strongest signals in both QEPAS and LITES systems, achieving SNR improvements of 1.45 times and 1.75 times, respectively, compared to conventional ungrooved QTFs. For isosceles-trapezoidal grooves, the positive isosceles-trapezoidal (PI) configuration consistently surpassed the inverted isosceles-trapezoidal (II) design across all tested depths. The 44 μm-deep PI grooved QTF demonstrated particularly notable performance, exhibiting the SNR value 1.71 times higher than the ungrooved QTF and 1.18 times greater than the II grooved QTF at the same depth. The 44 μm-deep PI grooved QTFs enabled detection limits of 0.56 ppm in QEPAS and 0.15 ppm in LITES systems for methane sensing. These experimental observations aligned well with theoretical predictions, confirming that groove geometry determines QTF behavior by modulating the balance between effective stiffness and mass.
{"title":"Quartz-enhanced laser spectroscopy based on grooved quartz tuning forks: design, optimization, and characterization","authors":"Runqiu Wang, Ying He, Shunda Qiao, Chu Zhang, Haiyue Sun, Jinxing Liang, Yufei Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2026.139581","url":null,"abstract":"Quartz-enhanced laser spectroscopy, including quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) and light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES), has become a research focus in the trace gas sensing field. This study developed a systematic approach for designing, optimizing, and characterizing grooved quartz tuning forks (QTFs) for quartz-enhanced laser spectroscopy. We combined theoretical modeling, finite element simulation, and experimental investigation to develop a comprehensive method for designing high-performance grooved QTFs by controlling the groove dimensions, including its depth, width, and shape. Experimental investigations revealed that rectangular grooves with a depth of 22 μm and a width of 1237.5 μm produced the strongest signals in both QEPAS and LITES systems, achieving SNR improvements of 1.45 times and 1.75 times, respectively, compared to conventional ungrooved QTFs. For isosceles-trapezoidal grooves, the positive isosceles-trapezoidal (PI) configuration consistently surpassed the inverted isosceles-trapezoidal (II) design across all tested depths. The 44 μm-deep PI grooved QTF demonstrated particularly notable performance, exhibiting the SNR value 1.71 times higher than the ungrooved QTF and 1.18 times greater than the II grooved QTF at the same depth. The 44 μm-deep PI grooved QTFs enabled detection limits of 0.56 ppm in QEPAS and 0.15 ppm in LITES systems for methane sensing. These experimental observations aligned well with theoretical predictions, confirming that groove geometry determines QTF behavior by modulating the balance between effective stiffness and mass.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2026.139578
Xinyu Tan , Shuping Zhou , Qing Chang , Chengyuan Wang , Man Chen , Xianyun Xu , Jiale Ou , Qi Wang , Yan Feng , Xiangming Meng
As a regulated cell death modality, cuproptosis involves hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation during its progression. Conversely, the highly destructive •OH synergizes with cuproptosis to collectively promote cell death. Therefore, investigating •OH changes during cuproptosis is crucial for the in-depth study of cuproptosis. However, due to the short half-life, high reactivity, and low abundance of •OH, it’s a great challenge to develop a real-time and accurate detection method for its monitoring during cuproptosis in living cells. Herein, we designed two ratiometric fluorescent probes EGS and EGH to selectively detect •OH, relying on the specific oxidation of their dihydroquinoline group. Compared with ESH, EGS showed a more pronounced ratiometric fluorescence response to •OH in vitro. Meanwhile, density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed that EGS has better photophysical properties of response to •OH than that of EGH. Subsequently, EGS was used to detect exogenous and endogenous •OH fluctuations in HepG2 cells. Moreover, utilizing its two-channel fluorescence imaging, EGS successfully real-time monitored the changes of •OH during cuproptosis. By integrating the results of western blot analysis, we gained insight into •OH dynamics during cuproptosis, achieving two-channel visualization of the •OH burst associated with cuproptosis. Moreover, the effect of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) as an accelerator for cuproptosis was revealed through ratio imaging by using EGS. Therefore, the experimental results fully demonstrated the capability of EGS for visualizing the fluctuation of •OH levels in cuproptosis and assessing potential cuproptosis-modulating agents.
{"title":"Two-channel visualizing the hydroxyl radical burst associated with cuproptosis and assessment of cuproptosis accelerator by a ratiometric fluorescent probe","authors":"Xinyu Tan , Shuping Zhou , Qing Chang , Chengyuan Wang , Man Chen , Xianyun Xu , Jiale Ou , Qi Wang , Yan Feng , Xiangming Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a regulated cell death modality, cuproptosis involves hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation during its progression. Conversely, the highly destructive •OH synergizes with cuproptosis to collectively promote cell death. Therefore, investigating •OH changes during cuproptosis is crucial for the in-depth study of cuproptosis. However, due to the short half-life, high reactivity, and low abundance of •OH, it’s a great challenge to develop a real-time and accurate detection method for its monitoring during cuproptosis in living cells. Herein, we designed two ratiometric fluorescent probes <strong>EGS</strong> and <strong>EGH</strong> to selectively detect •OH, relying on the specific oxidation of their dihydroquinoline group. Compared with <strong>ESH</strong>, <strong>EGS</strong> showed a more pronounced ratiometric fluorescence response to •OH <em>in vitro</em>. Meanwhile, density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed that <strong>EGS</strong> has better photophysical properties of response to •OH than that of <strong>EGH</strong>. Subsequently, <strong>EGS</strong> was used to detect exogenous and endogenous •OH fluctuations in HepG2 cells. Moreover, utilizing its two-channel fluorescence imaging, <strong>EGS</strong> successfully real-time monitored the changes of •OH during cuproptosis. By integrating the results of western blot analysis, we gained insight into •OH dynamics during cuproptosis, achieving two-channel visualization of the •OH burst associated with cuproptosis. Moreover, the effect of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) as an accelerator for cuproptosis was revealed through ratio imaging by using <strong>EGS</strong>. Therefore, the experimental results fully demonstrated the capability of <strong>EGS</strong> for visualizing the fluctuation of •OH levels in cuproptosis and assessing potential cuproptosis-modulating agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"454 ","pages":"Article 139578"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2026.139579
A-Ling Tang, Shuai Tan, Ya-Ping Wu, Tian-Li Lu, Wei Niu, Fang-Fang Kong, Xiang Zhou, Song Yang
{"title":"Photoisomerization-engineered fluorescent probe for innovative detection and bioimaging of salicylic acid during salt stress in plants","authors":"A-Ling Tang, Shuai Tan, Ya-Ping Wu, Tian-Li Lu, Wei Niu, Fang-Fang Kong, Xiang Zhou, Song Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2026.139579","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2026.139549
Hongyu Xue, Shuyu Shi, Mingzhe Jiang, Tiantian Ji, Yige Li, Haoyi Ren, Yu Qi, Chenglin Hong
{"title":"Fe3O4@PDA-Ag Enabled Electrochemical/Photothermal Dual-Functional Immunoassay with Signal Cross-Validation for Accurate Detection of Alpha-Fetoprotein","authors":"Hongyu Xue, Shuyu Shi, Mingzhe Jiang, Tiantian Ji, Yige Li, Haoyi Ren, Yu Qi, Chenglin Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2026.139549","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2026.139580
Jeongeun Park, Song Ha Lee, Beomseok Cha, Woohyuk Kim, Jinsoo Park
{"title":"Multiplexed immuno-acoustic separation of exosome and lipoprotein from platelet using acoustic radiation force","authors":"Jeongeun Park, Song Ha Lee, Beomseok Cha, Woohyuk Kim, Jinsoo Park","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2026.139580","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2026.139577
S. Santhoshkumar , Yu-Chan Wu , Liu Bo-Yu , Wei-Lung Tseng
Several spectroscopic and electron microscopic techniques can monitor sulfur defects in molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-based nanomaterials, but they often require costly instrumentation. Herein, we introduce a straightforward, fast, colorimetric method to evaluate sulfur vacancy degree in MoS2 nanoflowers (NFs), MoS2 nanosheets (NSs), and molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) NSs by monitoring the dimerization of 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid (TNB) into 5,5’-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB). This sulfur-vacancy-mediated reaction results in a decrease in TNB absorbance at 412 nm and the emergence of a new DTNB peak near 325 nm. The dimerization of TNB triggered by MoS2 NFs, MoS2 NSs, and MoSe2 NSs follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. The rate constants of these materials correlate positively with sulfur defect density, but their maximum absorption capability remains similar. Additionally, machine learning simulations (Open Catalyst Project, GemNet-T) show that the adsorption energy of CH₃SH (a model thiol) becomes more negative with increasing sulfur vacancies on the MoS₂ surface. The MoS2-mediated TNB dimerization system provides a simple platform to distinguish whether a thiol compound undergoes dimerization or attaches to sulfur defect sites in the presence of sulfur-defective MoS2. For example, cysteine, glutathione, and homocysteine undergo dimerization, whereas 3-sulfanylpropanoic acid, 4-aminothiophenol, and 2-sulfanylbenzoic acid primarily attach to the sulfur defect sites.
{"title":"Rapid identification of sulfur defect levels in MoS₂ and MoSe₂ nanomaterials and their reaction with thiol molecules through defect-induced dimerization of 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid","authors":"S. Santhoshkumar , Yu-Chan Wu , Liu Bo-Yu , Wei-Lung Tseng","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several spectroscopic and electron microscopic techniques can monitor sulfur defects in molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>)-based nanomaterials, but they often require costly instrumentation. Herein, we introduce a straightforward, fast, colorimetric method to evaluate sulfur vacancy degree in MoS<sub>2</sub> nanoflowers (NFs), MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets (NSs), and molybdenum diselenide (MoSe<sub>2</sub>) NSs by monitoring the dimerization of 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid (TNB) into 5,5’-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB). This sulfur-vacancy-mediated reaction results in a decrease in TNB absorbance at 412 nm and the emergence of a new DTNB peak near 325 nm. The dimerization of TNB triggered by MoS<sub>2</sub> NFs, MoS<sub>2</sub> NSs, and MoSe<sub>2</sub> NSs follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. The rate constants of these materials correlate positively with sulfur defect density, but their maximum absorption capability remains similar. Additionally, machine learning simulations (Open Catalyst Project, GemNet-T) show that the adsorption energy of CH₃SH (a model thiol) becomes more negative with increasing sulfur vacancies on the MoS₂ surface. The MoS<sub>2</sub>-mediated TNB dimerization system provides a simple platform to distinguish whether a thiol compound undergoes dimerization or attaches to sulfur defect sites in the presence of sulfur-defective MoS<sub>2</sub>. For example, cysteine, glutathione, and homocysteine undergo dimerization, whereas 3-sulfanylpropanoic acid, 4-aminothiophenol, and 2-sulfanylbenzoic acid primarily attach to the sulfur defect sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"454 ","pages":"Article 139577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2026.139575
Man Ding , Hong Xu , Mengxia Duan , Meihua Dong , Kuaile Wu , Shijia Wu , Changqing Zhu , Nuo Duan
Trimethoprim (TMP), a widely used veterinary antibacterial, accumulates in animal-derived foods and poses health risks like bacterial resistance and bone marrow hematopoietic suppression. Herein, an ultrasensitive electrochemical aptasensor was developed by integrating molecular docking-optimized TMP-specific aptamers, Pd@Ir bimetallic nanoparticles (Pd@Ir NPs) for signal enhancement, and hybrid chain reaction (HCR) for signal amplification. First, a high-affinity TMP-specific aptamer TMP-1 was screened via Capture-SELEX. Through molecular docking to identify core binding sites and truncate redundant sequences, TMP-1 was optimized into the 56 nt TMP-1C with enhanced affinity (The Kd was determined to be 41.6 nM by SGI assays). Pd@Ir NPs with excellent conductivity and electrocatalytic activity were coupled to hairpin H2 to form Pd@Ir NPs@H2 probes. For sensor construction, thiol-modified cDNA-TMP-1C duplexes were immobilized on gold electrodes, the binding between TMP and aptamer induced the duplex de-hybridization, and the exposed cDNA opened H1 and triggered HCR, thereby achieving Pd@Ir NPs enrichment and signal amplification. This method exhibits an ultra-low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.02 ng/mL. The spiked recovery experiments on pork samples show that the recovery rate of TMP ranges from 92.00 % to 93.99 % with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.34 %–3.89 %, confirming its accuracy in practical samples. This sensor provides an efficient, high-performance tool for TMP residue detection in food safety monitoring.
{"title":"Electrochemical aptasensor for trimethoprim detection based on Pd@Ir bimetallic nanoparticles coupled with hybrid chain reaction","authors":"Man Ding , Hong Xu , Mengxia Duan , Meihua Dong , Kuaile Wu , Shijia Wu , Changqing Zhu , Nuo Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trimethoprim (TMP), a widely used veterinary antibacterial, accumulates in animal-derived foods and poses health risks like bacterial resistance and bone marrow hematopoietic suppression. Herein, an ultrasensitive electrochemical aptasensor was developed by integrating molecular docking-optimized TMP-specific aptamers, Pd@Ir bimetallic nanoparticles (Pd@Ir NPs) for signal enhancement, and hybrid chain reaction (HCR) for signal amplification. First, a high-affinity TMP-specific aptamer TMP-1 was screened via Capture-SELEX. Through molecular docking to identify core binding sites and truncate redundant sequences, TMP-1 was optimized into the 56 nt TMP-1C with enhanced affinity (The Kd was determined to be 41.6 nM by SGI assays). Pd@Ir NPs with excellent conductivity and electrocatalytic activity were coupled to hairpin H2 to form Pd@Ir NPs@H2 probes. For sensor construction, thiol-modified cDNA-TMP-1C duplexes were immobilized on gold electrodes, the binding between TMP and aptamer induced the duplex de-hybridization, and the exposed cDNA opened H1 and triggered HCR, thereby achieving Pd@Ir NPs enrichment and signal amplification. This method exhibits an ultra-low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.02 ng/mL. The spiked recovery experiments on pork samples show that the recovery rate of TMP ranges from 92.00 % to 93.99 % with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.34 %–3.89 %, confirming its accuracy in practical samples. This sensor provides an efficient, high-performance tool for TMP residue detection in food safety monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"454 ","pages":"Article 139575"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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