Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.14427/jipai.2021.4.28
N. Asfandiyarova, V. Demikhov, E. Yakovleva, E. Akimova
Aim: to study the investigate of the cell-mediate immunity in post-COVID syndrome. Material and Methods: 278 patients with mild, moderate or severe Covid-19 in acute period with post-COVID syndrome were examined. All patients were questioned, and, if necessary, were examined by doctors of various specialties. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the severity of the course of the disease in the acute period and the duration of manifestations of post-COVID symptoms (up to 12 weeks or more). The state of cell-mediated immunity was assessed using the reaction of blast transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (morphological method for evaluating the reaction) in response to PHA. The activity of cells synthesizing cyclooxygenase was also determined. The control group included 200 practically healthy people of the same sex and age, who were not vaccinated and did not have a coronavirus infection. Results: a decrease in the proliferative activity of lymphocytes in response to PHA was found in patients who underwent Covid-19, both in mild (51,4±1.1%, p<0.01) and severe (49,3± 1,2% p<0,001), more pronounced in the latter in the first three months after the acute period of the disease (p<0,001). In all groups, there is an increase in the activity of cells synthesizing cyclooxygenase, which causes inflammation, which is more pronounced in patients who have had a severe form of Covid-19. Conclusion: The proliferative activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in people who have had a coronavirus infection is reduced, both in the period up to 12 weeks and beyond; this is especially pronounced in patients who have had severe forms of Covid-19. In all groups, an increase in the activity of cells synthesizing cyclooxygenase, which plays a role in the development of inflammation, and possibly determines the progression of the course, was noted.
{"title":"Cell-mediated immunity in patients with post-CoVID syndrome","authors":"N. Asfandiyarova, V. Demikhov, E. Yakovleva, E. Akimova","doi":"10.14427/jipai.2021.4.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14427/jipai.2021.4.28","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: to study the investigate of the cell-mediate immunity in post-COVID syndrome. Material and Methods: 278 patients with mild, moderate or severe Covid-19 in acute period with post-COVID syndrome were examined. All patients were questioned, and, if necessary, were examined by doctors of various specialties. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the severity of the course of the disease in the acute period and the duration of manifestations of post-COVID symptoms (up to 12 weeks or more). The state of cell-mediated immunity was assessed using the reaction of blast transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (morphological method for evaluating the reaction) in response to PHA. The activity of cells synthesizing cyclooxygenase was also determined. The control group included 200 practically healthy people of the same sex and age, who were not vaccinated and did not have a coronavirus infection. Results: a decrease in the proliferative activity of lymphocytes in response to PHA was found in patients who underwent Covid-19, both in mild (51,4±1.1%, p<0.01) and severe (49,3± 1,2% p<0,001), more pronounced in the latter in the first three months after the acute period of the disease (p<0,001). In all groups, there is an increase in the activity of cells synthesizing cyclooxygenase, which causes inflammation, which is more pronounced in patients who have had a severe form of Covid-19. Conclusion: The proliferative activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in people who have had a coronavirus infection is reduced, both in the period up to 12 weeks and beyond; this is especially pronounced in patients who have had severe forms of Covid-19. In all groups, an increase in the activity of cells synthesizing cyclooxygenase, which plays a role in the development of inflammation, and possibly determines the progression of the course, was noted.","PeriodicalId":425120,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125423807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.14427/jipai.2021.4.34
S. Generalov, O. Ishchenko, S. Sushkova, I. Generalov
Netosis and abzyme activity are the significant components of the innate immunity. Spontaneous and induced netosis, various types of proteolytic and oxidoreductase abzyme activity in patients with COPD and BA were determined in this study. NETs were determined by both light and fluorescence microscopy using a previously developed staining method. As a result of the work, an increase of the induced netosis was found in patients with COPD, relative to patients with BA. A significant increase in the IgA peroxidase activity was found in patients with BA relative to patients with COPD. Data on hyaluronidase, catalase, elastase, dipeptidyl dipeptidase-4-similar activity were obtained. A correlation between the peroxidase and catalase activity of IgA in patients with BA was found.
{"title":"Detection of neutrophil extracellular traps formation using the hexaazotated fuchsin and determination of the immunoglobulin classes A and M abzyme activity in patients with bronchial asthma and COPD","authors":"S. Generalov, O. Ishchenko, S. Sushkova, I. Generalov","doi":"10.14427/jipai.2021.4.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14427/jipai.2021.4.34","url":null,"abstract":"Netosis and abzyme activity are the significant components of the innate immunity. Spontaneous and induced netosis, various types of proteolytic and oxidoreductase abzyme activity in patients with COPD and BA were determined in this study. NETs were determined by both light and fluorescence microscopy using a previously developed staining method. As a result of the work, an increase of the induced netosis was found in patients with COPD, relative to patients with BA. A significant increase in the IgA peroxidase activity was found in patients with BA relative to patients with COPD. Data on hyaluronidase, catalase, elastase, dipeptidyl dipeptidase-4-similar activity were obtained. A correlation between the peroxidase and catalase activity of IgA in patients with BA was found.","PeriodicalId":425120,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115932620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Skin tests are an important step in diagnosing food allergy. Several types of skin tests are used: prick test, intradermal, patch tests, as well as a special version of skin tests - these are tests with native (fresh allergens) – prick-prick tests. We review sensitivity, specificity, the possibility of false positive and false negative results when using natural products in testing. The safety of skin tests and certain contraindications for their use have to be considered. The advantages of using fresh products specimens for skin tests, their high sensitivity and negative predictive value of tests are described. This allows to reduce the likelihood of missing true positives:: the real patients with risk of a severe systemic reaction.
{"title":"Skin tests in the diagnosis of food allergy","authors":"N. Titova","doi":"10.14427/jipai.2021.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14427/jipai.2021.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"Skin tests are an important step in diagnosing food allergy. Several types of skin tests are used: prick test, intradermal, patch tests, as well as a special version of skin tests - these are tests with native (fresh allergens) – prick-prick tests. We review sensitivity, specificity, the possibility of false positive and false negative results when using natural products in testing. The safety of skin tests and certain contraindications for their use have to be considered. The advantages of using fresh products specimens for skin tests, their high sensitivity and negative predictive value of tests are described. This allows to reduce the likelihood of missing true positives:: the real patients with risk of a severe systemic reaction.","PeriodicalId":425120,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121494363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.14427/jipai.2021.4.20
A. Skryabina, V. Nikiforov, M. Shakhmardanov, M. Zastrozhin, D. Sychev
The aim of this work is to review current publications on the non-antibacterial effects of macrolides. Macrolides are among the most widely prescribed broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs, especially in patients with respiratory infections. It is now recognized that drugs of this group, in particular azithromycin, also have an immunomodulatory effect, which leads to their therapeutic effect not only in infectious but in other chronic inflammatory diseases also. However, the frequent and prolonged use of macrolides in the treatment of respiratory tract diseases, and recently azithromycin in the treatment of COVID-19, has led to an increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics of this group. Results: it was shown that one of the key aspects of the development of chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract (for instance, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is the loss of the protective epithelial barrier due to the effects of pathogens and pollutants. Azithromycin has been shown to enhance the barrier properties of airway epithelial cells over time, which makes an important contribution to its therapeutic effectiveness. The main non-antibacterial effects of macrolides are considered, which in the future can be applied in treatment of inflammatory diseases associated with airway epithelium damage.
{"title":"Non-antimicrobial effects of macrolides: literature review","authors":"A. Skryabina, V. Nikiforov, M. Shakhmardanov, M. Zastrozhin, D. Sychev","doi":"10.14427/jipai.2021.4.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14427/jipai.2021.4.20","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to review current publications on the non-antibacterial effects of macrolides. Macrolides are among the most widely prescribed broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs, especially in patients with respiratory infections. It is now recognized that drugs of this group, in particular azithromycin, also have an immunomodulatory effect, which leads to their therapeutic effect not only in infectious but in other chronic inflammatory diseases also. However, the frequent and prolonged use of macrolides in the treatment of respiratory tract diseases, and recently azithromycin in the treatment of COVID-19, has led to an increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics of this group. Results: it was shown that one of the key aspects of the development of chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract (for instance, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is the loss of the protective epithelial barrier due to the effects of pathogens and pollutants. Azithromycin has been shown to enhance the barrier properties of airway epithelial cells over time, which makes an important contribution to its therapeutic effectiveness. The main non-antibacterial effects of macrolides are considered, which in the future can be applied in treatment of inflammatory diseases associated with airway epithelium damage.","PeriodicalId":425120,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122002404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.14427/jipai.2021.4.54
A. Murugova, N. Polovets, A. Lipnitsky, R. Surkova
Coccidioidomycosis is a disease caused by fungi Coccidioides spp. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to severe disseminated forms. The disease is endemic to the southwestern United States and many countries of Central and South America. The lack of specific symptoms and X-ray picture makes impossible to diagnosis without laboratory confirmation. Our review is about the modern features of coccidioidomycosis laboratory diagnostics.
{"title":"Modern aspects of coccidioidomycosis laboratory diagnosis","authors":"A. Murugova, N. Polovets, A. Lipnitsky, R. Surkova","doi":"10.14427/jipai.2021.4.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14427/jipai.2021.4.54","url":null,"abstract":"Coccidioidomycosis is a disease caused by fungi Coccidioides spp. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to severe disseminated forms. The disease is endemic to the southwestern United States and many countries of Central and South America. The lack of specific symptoms and X-ray picture makes impossible to diagnosis without laboratory confirmation. Our review is about the modern features of coccidioidomycosis laboratory diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":425120,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128045058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.14427/jipai.2021.3.98
E. Derkach, N. Aliakhnovich
The purpose. To assess the diagnostic significance of the oral-pharyngeal challenge test with extract (1) and tangerine juice (2) in comparison with intradermal allergy test with tangerine extract and prick-prick test with fresh tangerine in patients with food allergy. Materials and methods. The peroxidase activity of the oral fluid was assessed in healthy individuals after breakfast. Patients with allergic reactions to tangerine (study group), patients with allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma and hay fever, but without food allergy (risk group) and healthy individuals (control group) underwent oral-pharyngeal challenge test with tangerine allergen extract (20 PNU/ ml)/freshly squeezed tangerine juice (1 PNU/ml) followed by evaluation of peroxidase activity of the oral fluid, intradermal tests with tangerine extract and prick-prick tests with fresh tangerine were performed. Results. The majority of patients with food allergy to tangerine had polyvalent sensitization to household/epidermal (76%) and pollen allergens (39%). The most common manifestation of tangerine allergy were urticaria (48% of cases), bronchospasm (21% of cases) and oral allergy syndrome (10%) After breakfast, the optical density of the oral fluid decreased compared to the initial level in all healthy volunteers (p=0,001). After oral-pharyngeal challenge test with tangerine extract (1) and juice (2), the average increase of peroxidase activity of the oral fluid in patients with food allergy was М1=+23,5 [7,0;40,1], М2=+41,4 [4,2;78,6], which was significantly higher than in controls M1=-2,1 [-9,6;5,4], p1=0,038, M2=+4,4 [-9,6;18,4], p2=0,047 and in patients with chronic allergopathology, but without food allergy M2=+0,4 [-13,1;13,8], p2=0,049. The positive prick-prick test with fresh tangerine was observed in 44% of patients in the study group, the standard intradermal test with tangerine allergen extract - in 12%. The intradermal test with tangerine extract and prick-prick test with fresh tangerine were negative in patients without food allergy and healthy individuals. Conclusions. The oral-pharyngeal challenge test with extract (1) and tangerine juice (2), prick-prick test with fresh tangerine (3) can be used in the diagnosis of food allergy to tangerine. The sensitivity and specificity of the challenge test with tangerine allergen extract were 53% and 88%, with tangerine juice – 44% and 89%, prick-prick test with fresh tangerine – 44% and 100%. The proposed tests had a higher diagnostic efficiency than the standard intradermal test with tangerine allergen extract (p1=0,01, p2=0,03, p3=0,039).
{"title":"Oral-pharyngeal and skin testing in the diagnosis of food allergy to tangerine","authors":"E. Derkach, N. Aliakhnovich","doi":"10.14427/jipai.2021.3.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14427/jipai.2021.3.98","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose. To assess the diagnostic significance of the oral-pharyngeal challenge test with extract (1) and tangerine juice (2) in comparison with intradermal allergy test with tangerine extract and prick-prick test with fresh tangerine in patients with food allergy. Materials and methods. The peroxidase activity of the oral fluid was assessed in healthy individuals after breakfast. Patients with allergic reactions to tangerine (study group), patients with allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma and hay fever, but without food allergy (risk group) and healthy individuals (control group) underwent oral-pharyngeal challenge test with tangerine allergen extract (20 PNU/ ml)/freshly squeezed tangerine juice (1 PNU/ml) followed by evaluation of peroxidase activity of the oral fluid, intradermal tests with tangerine extract and prick-prick tests with fresh tangerine were performed. Results. The majority of patients with food allergy to tangerine had polyvalent sensitization to household/epidermal (76%) and pollen allergens (39%). The most common manifestation of tangerine allergy were urticaria (48% of cases), bronchospasm (21% of cases) and oral allergy syndrome (10%) After breakfast, the optical density of the oral fluid decreased compared to the initial level in all healthy volunteers (p=0,001). After oral-pharyngeal challenge test with tangerine extract (1) and juice (2), the average increase of peroxidase activity of the oral fluid in patients with food allergy was М1=+23,5 [7,0;40,1], М2=+41,4 [4,2;78,6], which was significantly higher than in controls M1=-2,1 [-9,6;5,4], p1=0,038, M2=+4,4 [-9,6;18,4], p2=0,047 and in patients with chronic allergopathology, but without food allergy M2=+0,4 [-13,1;13,8], p2=0,049. The positive prick-prick test with fresh tangerine was observed in 44% of patients in the study group, the standard intradermal test with tangerine allergen extract - in 12%. The intradermal test with tangerine extract and prick-prick test with fresh tangerine were negative in patients without food allergy and healthy individuals. Conclusions. The oral-pharyngeal challenge test with extract (1) and tangerine juice (2), prick-prick test with fresh tangerine (3) can be used in the diagnosis of food allergy to tangerine. The sensitivity and specificity of the challenge test with tangerine allergen extract were 53% and 88%, with tangerine juice – 44% and 89%, prick-prick test with fresh tangerine – 44% and 100%. The proposed tests had a higher diagnostic efficiency than the standard intradermal test with tangerine allergen extract (p1=0,01, p2=0,03, p3=0,039).","PeriodicalId":425120,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126642678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.14427/jipai.2021.3.105
O. Chernokov, I. Shchurok
We review the classification, mechanisms of infection and multiple organ damage, as well as clinical manifestations of Post-CoVid syndrome (Post-CoViD Conditions, Long CoViD, Post-acute CoViD). The data was obtained via search in the PubMed system. For the query (long) AND (covid) at the time of 06.20.2021, 12 221 results were found, which underlines the relevance of this issue. The issues of the immunopathogenesis of Covid-19 development and possible causes of the development of Post-Covid syndrome were also highlighted.
本文就新冠肺炎后综合征(Post-CoVid Conditions、Long CoViD、Post-acute CoViD)的分类、感染机制、多器官损害及临床表现进行综述。数据通过PubMed系统检索获得。对于2021年6月20日的查询(long) AND (covid)，发现了12 221个结果，这强调了该问题的相关性。重点讨论了新冠肺炎的免疫发病机制和后冠综合征的可能病因。
{"title":"PostCovid syndrome during the Covid-19 pandemic","authors":"O. Chernokov, I. Shchurok","doi":"10.14427/jipai.2021.3.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14427/jipai.2021.3.105","url":null,"abstract":"We review the classification, mechanisms of infection and multiple organ damage, as well as clinical manifestations of Post-CoVid syndrome (Post-CoViD Conditions, Long CoViD, Post-acute CoViD). The data was obtained via search in the PubMed system. For the query (long) AND (covid) at the time of 06.20.2021, 12 221 results were found, which underlines the relevance of this issue. The issues of the immunopathogenesis of Covid-19 development and possible causes of the development of Post-Covid syndrome were also highlighted.","PeriodicalId":425120,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121665470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.14427/jipai.2021.3.45
A. Tsygankov, V. Yanchenko
HLA molecules function to control the constancy of the internal environment of the body. HLA class I molecules are expressed on the surface of all nucleated cells and represent the peptides of all proteins that are synthesized in each individual cell. When a cell is infected with a virus, the peptides of its proteins bind to HLA class I and inform the immune system of the presence of the virus in that cell. The SARS COV-2 virus is chosen as a relevant example. This publication discusses an algorithm for selecting immunodominant peptides of SARS COV-2 virus that can be used to determine body immunoreactivity, immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy. Proteins from the original strain hCoV-19/Wuhan/WIV04/2019 (hereafter WIV04), the isolate MW674675.1. from RB (hereafter MW674675.1.), strain B.1.617.2 from India (hereafter delta or MZ314977.1.), and the worrisome variant B.1.1.529 (hereafter omicron or OL677199.1) were analyzed. Immunodominant peptides from the SARS COV-2 proteome were searched using various programs on open access platforms: NCBI – GenBank, Protein; IEDB – MHC-I Processing Predictions, Population Coverage; GISAID – CoVsurver: Mutation Analysis of hCoV-19, UNIPROT – BLAST; ToxinPred. The search work resulted in the selection of 27 immunodominant peptides – targets for cytotoxic T-lymphocytes by representation through HLA-A *02:01. We hope that this information will contribute to the dissemination and implementation of ideas aimed at the safest prevention of infections. In predicting in silico bases for peptide vaccines, the practical component can be approached in an early and efficient manner, leading to personalized vaccination of humans as an extremely effective measure.
{"title":"Searching for safe SARS COV2 immunodominant peptides in silico","authors":"A. Tsygankov, V. Yanchenko","doi":"10.14427/jipai.2021.3.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14427/jipai.2021.3.45","url":null,"abstract":"HLA molecules function to control the constancy of the internal environment of the body. HLA class I molecules are expressed on the surface of all nucleated cells and represent the peptides of all proteins that are synthesized in each individual cell. When a cell is infected with a virus, the peptides of its proteins bind to HLA class I and inform the immune system of the presence of the virus in that cell. The SARS COV-2 virus is chosen as a relevant example. This publication discusses an algorithm for selecting immunodominant peptides of SARS COV-2 virus that can be used to determine body immunoreactivity, immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy. Proteins from the original strain hCoV-19/Wuhan/WIV04/2019 (hereafter WIV04), the isolate MW674675.1. from RB (hereafter MW674675.1.), strain B.1.617.2 from India (hereafter delta or MZ314977.1.), and the worrisome variant B.1.1.529 (hereafter omicron or OL677199.1) were analyzed. Immunodominant peptides from the SARS COV-2 proteome were searched using various programs on open access platforms: NCBI – GenBank, Protein; IEDB – MHC-I Processing Predictions, Population Coverage; GISAID – CoVsurver: Mutation Analysis of hCoV-19, UNIPROT – BLAST; ToxinPred. The search work resulted in the selection of 27 immunodominant peptides – targets for cytotoxic T-lymphocytes by representation through HLA-A *02:01. We hope that this information will contribute to the dissemination and implementation of ideas aimed at the safest prevention of infections. In predicting in silico bases for peptide vaccines, the practical component can be approached in an early and efficient manner, leading to personalized vaccination of humans as an extremely effective measure.","PeriodicalId":425120,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122411609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.14427/jipai.2021.3.79
Y. Krivorutchenko, M. Kirsanova, O. Postnikova, I. Andronovskaja, E. Sheĭko
To overcome spreading of multidrug resistance to antimycotics in yeast fungi using combination therapy, it is necessary to monitor the sensitivity of clinical fungal isolates to antifungal drugs and antiseptics. The aim of this work was to study multidrug resistance to fluconazole (FLU), amphotericin B (AMB) and antiseptic miramistin (MST) in Candida fungi isolated from patients with various pathologies in Crimea in 2010-2016. Material and methods. The sensitivity of 25 clinical isolates of fungi species C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. parapsilosis, C. lusitaniae, C. tropicalis, C. famata, C. guillermondii, C. kefir and C. krusei to FLU, AMB and MST was determined by using disk diffusion method, serial dilution method, and quantitative suspension test according to the rate of inactivation of fungi, respectively. Results. 72% of isolates were resistant to FLU, 20% – to AMB, and 32% of isolates – to MST. 20% of fungal isolates belonging to the Non-albicans type were susceptible to all drugs tested. 40% of isolates were resistant to one drug. 40% of isolates were poly-resistant. C. albicans resistant to FLU and AMB or FLU and MST accounted for 20% of isolates. The isolates of C. dubliniensis and C. lusitaniae were resistant to FLU and MST, and one isolate of C. krusei was resistant to AMB and MST. One C. tropicalis isolate was resistant to all the drugs. Conclusion. In a significant part of the yeast fungi, circulating in Crimean patients, multidrug resistance to FLU, AMB and MST antiseptic is widespread. In 36% of fungal isolates, the poly-resistance spectra included resistance to two drugs and partially overlapped: to FLU and AMB – 2 isolates, to FLU and MST – 6 isolates, to AMB and miramistin – one isolate. One isolate of C. tropicalis showed resistance to all three drugs, which indicates the risk of further broadening the spectrum of multidrug resistance in pathogenic yeasts.
{"title":"Multidrug resistance to fluconazole, amphotericin B and antiseptic miramistin in Candida spp. isolated from patients with various pathology in region of Crimea","authors":"Y. Krivorutchenko, M. Kirsanova, O. Postnikova, I. Andronovskaja, E. Sheĭko","doi":"10.14427/jipai.2021.3.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14427/jipai.2021.3.79","url":null,"abstract":"To overcome spreading of multidrug resistance to antimycotics in yeast fungi using combination therapy, it is necessary to monitor the sensitivity of clinical fungal isolates to antifungal drugs and antiseptics. The aim of this work was to study multidrug resistance to fluconazole (FLU), amphotericin B (AMB) and antiseptic miramistin (MST) in Candida fungi isolated from patients with various pathologies in Crimea in 2010-2016. Material and methods. The sensitivity of 25 clinical isolates of fungi species C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. parapsilosis, C. lusitaniae, C. tropicalis, C. famata, C. guillermondii, C. kefir and C. krusei to FLU, AMB and MST was determined by using disk diffusion method, serial dilution method, and quantitative suspension test according to the rate of inactivation of fungi, respectively. Results. 72% of isolates were resistant to FLU, 20% – to AMB, and 32% of isolates – to MST. 20% of fungal isolates belonging to the Non-albicans type were susceptible to all drugs tested. 40% of isolates were resistant to one drug. 40% of isolates were poly-resistant. C. albicans resistant to FLU and AMB or FLU and MST accounted for 20% of isolates. The isolates of C. dubliniensis and C. lusitaniae were resistant to FLU and MST, and one isolate of C. krusei was resistant to AMB and MST. One C. tropicalis isolate was resistant to all the drugs. Conclusion. In a significant part of the yeast fungi, circulating in Crimean patients, multidrug resistance to FLU, AMB and MST antiseptic is widespread. In 36% of fungal isolates, the poly-resistance spectra included resistance to two drugs and partially overlapped: to FLU and AMB – 2 isolates, to FLU and MST – 6 isolates, to AMB and miramistin – one isolate. One isolate of C. tropicalis showed resistance to all three drugs, which indicates the risk of further broadening the spectrum of multidrug resistance in pathogenic yeasts.","PeriodicalId":425120,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology","volume":"259 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133879517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.14427/jipai.2021.3.73
R. Surkova, R. Sharov, N. Polovets, A. Lipnitsky, A. Murugova
Here we review modern data on the advantages and disadvantages of identifying mycoses pathogens using the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry method. The advantages of this method are the high accuracy of the results obtained, the simplicity of the analysis, and the ability to determine the indicators of sensitivity to antifungal drugs. Limitations in using the method are associated with the lack of reference mass spectra of many micromycetes in the databases and standardized protocols for preparing micromycete cultures for MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Additional difficulties arise in the identification of pathogens of especially dangerous mycoses due to the limited representation of reference mass spectra in databases. When developing unified protocols for sample preparation, it is also necessary to take into account the growth phase of dimorphic micromycetes.
{"title":"The use of MALDI-TOF massspectrometry for the identification of fungal pathogens","authors":"R. Surkova, R. Sharov, N. Polovets, A. Lipnitsky, A. Murugova","doi":"10.14427/jipai.2021.3.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14427/jipai.2021.3.73","url":null,"abstract":"Here we review modern data on the advantages and disadvantages of identifying mycoses pathogens using the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry method. The advantages of this method are the high accuracy of the results obtained, the simplicity of the analysis, and the ability to determine the indicators of sensitivity to antifungal drugs. Limitations in using the method are associated with the lack of reference mass spectra of many micromycetes in the databases and standardized protocols for preparing micromycete cultures for MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Additional difficulties arise in the identification of pathogens of especially dangerous mycoses due to the limited representation of reference mass spectra in databases. When developing unified protocols for sample preparation, it is also necessary to take into account the growth phase of dimorphic micromycetes.","PeriodicalId":425120,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology","volume":"426 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123568708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：