Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.7225/toms.v12.n02.018
Tatjana Stanivuk, Branko Lalić, Zvonimir Amižić
The ongoing Ukrainian war has introduced significant uncertainty and crisis into the global economy, particularly in financial and stock markets. This study is a part of a larger research project that aims to assess the impact of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine on shipping companies, given the direct influence of rising gas and oil prices on the valuation of freight transport service providers. Economic sanctions were imposed on Russia, leading to the destabilization of the global economy. Industries such as the global shipping and tourism sectors experienced significant declines in share value. Investors began reallocating their portfolios, seeking safer and less risky investments, such as gold stocks. The riskiness of a particular stock can be assessed by various methods, including volatility measurement. This paper focuses on calculating and presenting the volatility value of the shares of A. P. Moller-Maersk, the world's largest operator of container lines and vessels. Additionally, the STOXX50 index, i.e. the Euro Zone stock market index, representing the overall European market, is used for comparison. Another risk measure discussed in this paper is Value at Risk (VaR), a quantitative method used to predict potential cash losses over a certain time period. The parametric method of calculating VaR was used, which assumes the normal distribution of stock value fluctuations. VaR was calculated using historical stock price data of A. P. Moller-Maersk. Findings indicate significant volatility and high-risk environment in the financial markets. The calculated VaR of 27.66% for a 30-day period with the 95% confidence level reflects the substantial potential losses associated with investing in Maersk shares during the crisis, surpassing typical risk levels. In conclusion, the war in Ukraine has disrupted the maritime industry, which was already recovering from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The sanctions imposed on Russia and the war situation in Ukraine have created uncertainty and turbulence in financial markets, prompting investors to seek safer investment options. The study emphasizes the need for continued monitoring of the impact of the war on the global maritime industry. The devastating effects of the war on the sector have significant implications for the global economy, human well-being, and future research in the field.
{"title":"General Assessment of the Impact of the War in Ukraine on the Shipping Industry Using Parametric Methods","authors":"Tatjana Stanivuk, Branko Lalić, Zvonimir Amižić","doi":"10.7225/toms.v12.n02.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v12.n02.018","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing Ukrainian war has introduced significant uncertainty and crisis into the global economy, particularly in financial and stock markets. This study is a part of a larger research project that aims to assess the impact of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine on shipping companies, given the direct influence of rising gas and oil prices on the valuation of freight transport service providers. Economic sanctions were imposed on Russia, leading to the destabilization of the global economy. Industries such as the global shipping and tourism sectors experienced significant declines in share value. Investors began reallocating their portfolios, seeking safer and less risky investments, such as gold stocks. The riskiness of a particular stock can be assessed by various methods, including volatility measurement. This paper focuses on calculating and presenting the volatility value of the shares of A. P. Moller-Maersk, the world's largest operator of container lines and vessels. Additionally, the STOXX50 index, i.e. the Euro Zone stock market index, representing the overall European market, is used for comparison. Another risk measure discussed in this paper is Value at Risk (VaR), a quantitative method used to predict potential cash losses over a certain time period. The parametric method of calculating VaR was used, which assumes the normal distribution of stock value fluctuations. VaR was calculated using historical stock price data of A. P. Moller-Maersk. Findings indicate significant volatility and high-risk environment in the financial markets. The calculated VaR of 27.66% for a 30-day period with the 95% confidence level reflects the substantial potential losses associated with investing in Maersk shares during the crisis, surpassing typical risk levels. In conclusion, the war in Ukraine has disrupted the maritime industry, which was already recovering from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The sanctions imposed on Russia and the war situation in Ukraine have created uncertainty and turbulence in financial markets, prompting investors to seek safer investment options. The study emphasizes the need for continued monitoring of the impact of the war on the global maritime industry. The devastating effects of the war on the sector have significant implications for the global economy, human well-being, and future research in the field.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135323037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.7225/toms.v12.n02.011
Rosni Othman, Harith Faizal, Jagan Jeevan
The maritime industry has long been a crucial component of Malaysia's economy. Seafarers in this industry face unique psychosocial, work-related, and environmental stressors, which can negatively impact their health, safety, and well-being. The operations of offshore support vessels (OSVs) are particularly hazardous and require effective strategies for occupational stress management. The Fuzzy Delphi method was used to identify the key enablers of occupational stress in OSV operations. The study has found that the main enablers of occupational stress in seafaring include vulnerability towards occupational hazards and risks, human capital skills, onboard living conditions, governance capacity, and mental burnout. These findings can help guide efforts to address the occupational stressors faced by seafarers serving on OSVs and enhance their working conditions, skills, and health. Shipping companies, policymakers, and organisations must collaborate to ensure the compliance with marine regulations and standards, improve shift schedules, and implement proper mechanisms to maintain the occupational health of seafarers during and post the Covid-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Assessing Occupational Stress in Seafaring: A Fuzzy Delphi Approach to Develop Effective Management Strategies in Offshore Support Vessel Operations","authors":"Rosni Othman, Harith Faizal, Jagan Jeevan","doi":"10.7225/toms.v12.n02.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v12.n02.011","url":null,"abstract":"The maritime industry has long been a crucial component of Malaysia's economy. Seafarers in this industry face unique psychosocial, work-related, and environmental stressors, which can negatively impact their health, safety, and well-being. The operations of offshore support vessels (OSVs) are particularly hazardous and require effective strategies for occupational stress management. The Fuzzy Delphi method was used to identify the key enablers of occupational stress in OSV operations. The study has found that the main enablers of occupational stress in seafaring include vulnerability towards occupational hazards and risks, human capital skills, onboard living conditions, governance capacity, and mental burnout. These findings can help guide efforts to address the occupational stressors faced by seafarers serving on OSVs and enhance their working conditions, skills, and health. Shipping companies, policymakers, and organisations must collaborate to ensure the compliance with marine regulations and standards, improve shift schedules, and implement proper mechanisms to maintain the occupational health of seafarers during and post the Covid-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"54 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135321896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.7225/toms.v12.n02.015
Miho Baće, Nikola Mandić
The paper discusses the contract on business cooperation on maritime property in the ports of nautical tourism in the context of named and unnamed contracts, the scope of freedom of contract in the context of the concession contract as a "fundamental" contract, as well as the method by which the contract on business cooperation is qualified in the Croatian legal system. This contract is apostrophised in the context of mixed contracts and sui generis contracts as types of contracts that are not regulated by law. The acceptance of the provisions of the lease agreement as a named contract in Croatian legislation in business practice when concluding a business cooperation agreement is examined, as well as the similarities of these two agreements. The aim of the paper is to use the comparative law method to complete knowledge about the positioning of business cooperation contracts on maritime property in nautical tourism ports in the context of named and unnamed contracts, i.e. mixed and sui generis contracts, and to determine the appropriateness and compatibility of the lease contract with the business cooperation contract.
{"title":"Comparison of Contracts on Business Cooperation on Maritime Domain in Nautical Tourism Ports and Lease Agreements","authors":"Miho Baće, Nikola Mandić","doi":"10.7225/toms.v12.n02.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v12.n02.015","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the contract on business cooperation on maritime property in the ports of nautical tourism in the context of named and unnamed contracts, the scope of freedom of contract in the context of the concession contract as a \"fundamental\" contract, as well as the method by which the contract on business cooperation is qualified in the Croatian legal system. This contract is apostrophised in the context of mixed contracts and sui generis contracts as types of contracts that are not regulated by law. The acceptance of the provisions of the lease agreement as a named contract in Croatian legislation in business practice when concluding a business cooperation agreement is examined, as well as the similarities of these two agreements. The aim of the paper is to use the comparative law method to complete knowledge about the positioning of business cooperation contracts on maritime property in nautical tourism ports in the context of named and unnamed contracts, i.e. mixed and sui generis contracts, and to determine the appropriateness and compatibility of the lease contract with the business cooperation contract.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"60 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135321898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.7225/toms.v12.n02.009
Tugfan Sahin, Pelin Bolat
Offshore vessel operations are always important for the industry as the consequences of incidents related to dynamic positioning systems may affect people, cargo, vessels, and the environment. The aim of this paper is to determine the qualification factors and improve the competency standards of Dynamic Positioning Operators (DPOs). The Analytic Hierarchy Process method has been used for this study by processing expert views of senior operators who have at least fifteen years of dynamic positioning experience. The results show that quality of trainer, importance of sea time collected after achieving a full DPO certificate, experience with different types of DP systems, and practical knowledge are defined as the most important factors to becoming a qualified dynamic positioning operator. Besides, situational awareness of DP operators is considered another important factor to reduce possible dynamic positioning incidents. In conclusion, this study provides the following recommendations: promote incentive programmes in order to appeal to potential trainers, increase the length of minimum required sea time after a simulator course, increase the required practical time onboard in lieu of transferring excessive active sea time to further stages, companies to provide familiarisation courses for operators regarding the equipment onboard prior to joining the vessel for the first time, and promote online training programmes to improve the situational awareness of operators. By using these recommendations, there is a possibility to improve the qualification of DP operators and reduce incidents related to dynamic positioning operations. Last but not least, this research can also be used as a reference in the offshore industry for the training of Dynamic Positioning Operators (DPOs).
{"title":"Evaluation of the Qualification of Dynamic Positioning Operators Using Analytic Hierarchy Process","authors":"Tugfan Sahin, Pelin Bolat","doi":"10.7225/toms.v12.n02.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v12.n02.009","url":null,"abstract":"Offshore vessel operations are always important for the industry as the consequences of incidents related to dynamic positioning systems may affect people, cargo, vessels, and the environment. The aim of this paper is to determine the qualification factors and improve the competency standards of Dynamic Positioning Operators (DPOs). The Analytic Hierarchy Process method has been used for this study by processing expert views of senior operators who have at least fifteen years of dynamic positioning experience. The results show that quality of trainer, importance of sea time collected after achieving a full DPO certificate, experience with different types of DP systems, and practical knowledge are defined as the most important factors to becoming a qualified dynamic positioning operator. Besides, situational awareness of DP operators is considered another important factor to reduce possible dynamic positioning incidents. In conclusion, this study provides the following recommendations: promote incentive programmes in order to appeal to potential trainers, increase the length of minimum required sea time after a simulator course, increase the required practical time onboard in lieu of transferring excessive active sea time to further stages, companies to provide familiarisation courses for operators regarding the equipment onboard prior to joining the vessel for the first time, and promote online training programmes to improve the situational awareness of operators. By using these recommendations, there is a possibility to improve the qualification of DP operators and reduce incidents related to dynamic positioning operations. Last but not least, this research can also be used as a reference in the offshore industry for the training of Dynamic Positioning Operators (DPOs).","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"48 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135321897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-21DOI: 10.7225/toms.v12.n02.014
Indra Yudha Koswara, Hana Faridah
Sea transportation must be integrated and able to create a safe transportation service provider. It must have high accessibility, integrated services, adequate capacity, be orderly, easily accessible, timely, comfortable, and efficient. This paper analyzes national shipping safety and security standards as a form of legal protection for the users. The study describes the implementation of standards for the regulation of shipping safety and security, and the process of law enforcement against ship accidents for perpetrators and ship owners, based on illegal acts. In this research, providing regulations and enforcing the regulations must be relevant to the conditions in the field. The government has provided regulations on shipping safety and security. The shipowner or ship operator is responsible for following the Regulation of the Minister of Transportation. RI No. 6/2020 concerning the Procedures for Investigation of Ship Accidents, Chapter V Responsibility Due to Ship Accidents, Article 61 Ships, and according to legal principles in Article 1356 of the Civil Code, for legal protection of the passengers using National Shipping services.
{"title":"Enforcement of Criminal Law on Marine Traffic Negligence in Indonesia: Perspectives of Law No. 17/2008","authors":"Indra Yudha Koswara, Hana Faridah","doi":"10.7225/toms.v12.n02.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v12.n02.014","url":null,"abstract":"Sea transportation must be integrated and able to create a safe transportation service provider. It must have high accessibility, integrated services, adequate capacity, be orderly, easily accessible, timely, comfortable, and efficient. This paper analyzes national shipping safety and security standards as a form of legal protection for the users. The study describes the implementation of standards for the regulation of shipping safety and security, and the process of law enforcement against ship accidents for perpetrators and ship owners, based on illegal acts. In this research, providing regulations and enforcing the regulations must be relevant to the conditions in the field. The government has provided regulations on shipping safety and security. The shipowner or ship operator is responsible for following the Regulation of the Minister of Transportation. RI No. 6/2020 concerning the Procedures for Investigation of Ship Accidents, Chapter V Responsibility Due to Ship Accidents, Article 61 Ships, and according to legal principles in Article 1356 of the Civil Code, for legal protection of the passengers using National Shipping services.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"6 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135514245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this work is to elaborate the possibilities of strengthening the attractiveness of lighthouse tourism in the Adriatic. This specialized tourist offer is recognized in academic circles as well. Despite its unique attractiveness, lighthouse tourism has experienced stagnation in recent years, requiring innovative strategies for repositioning. The first ten years of successful development and growth were followed by stagnation and a decline in tourist visits. The change in the positive trend followed the suspension of promotional activities for the Stone Lights project. Noticing the problem of stagnation in the number of tourists visiting lighthouses, the authors pose a research question on possible activities to increase the attractiveness of this type of tourist offer.
The methodology assumes exploratory research and theoretical analysis of the repositioning of the specialized tourist product. The authors set the framework for the primary research, which they conducted on a random sample of tourists who stayed in the lighthouses on the Adriatic Sea in July 2022. This paper explores the potential of expanding the content of lighthouse tourism offer by including a diverse range of experiences and activities to attract a wider audience. Findings - the authors present the findings of the conducted research, based on which a model for repositioning lighthouse tourism in the Adriatic was developed and argued.
In an argumentative and critical discourse, the authors present the causes of the current state of lighthouse tourism and point out the possible consequences if the proposed activities are not implemented.
{"title":"Repositioning of the Lighthouse Tourism by Expanding the Content of the Offer","authors":"Neven Šerić, Lidija Bagarić, Anđela Jakšić Stojanović, Mate Perišić, Josipa Pejić","doi":"10.7225/toms.v12.n02.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v12.n02.020","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is to elaborate the possibilities of strengthening the attractiveness of lighthouse tourism in the Adriatic. This specialized tourist offer is recognized in academic circles as well. Despite its unique attractiveness, lighthouse tourism has experienced stagnation in recent years, requiring innovative strategies for repositioning. The first ten years of successful development and growth were followed by stagnation and a decline in tourist visits. The change in the positive trend followed the suspension of promotional activities for the Stone Lights project. Noticing the problem of stagnation in the number of tourists visiting lighthouses, the authors pose a research question on possible activities to increase the attractiveness of this type of tourist offer.
 The methodology assumes exploratory research and theoretical analysis of the repositioning of the specialized tourist product. The authors set the framework for the primary research, which they conducted on a random sample of tourists who stayed in the lighthouses on the Adriatic Sea in July 2022. This paper explores the potential of expanding the content of lighthouse tourism offer by including a diverse range of experiences and activities to attract a wider audience. Findings - the authors present the findings of the conducted research, based on which a model for repositioning lighthouse tourism in the Adriatic was developed and argued.
 In an argumentative and critical discourse, the authors present the causes of the current state of lighthouse tourism and point out the possible consequences if the proposed activities are not implemented.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"93 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135514389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-21DOI: 10.7225/toms.v12.n02.012
Olena Tyron, Svitlana Kaminska
The topic of formation of seafarers’ foreign-language communicative competence has always been relevant. Modern changes in the organization of the educational process due to crisis events such as the pandemic and hostilities have prompted search for new ways to increase the efficiency of teaching English to future seafarers at higher education institutions. The purpose of the study was to determine the components of readiness to communicate in the professional environment. Methodological tools for diagnosing the formation of various components of students' readiness for communication in the foreign language were developed. Surveys were carried out to collect primary information as well as tests to assess the state of development of foreign language competence and to find out weaknesses and strengths in the communicative activity of students. The result of the research was the development of criteria for assessing the formation of readiness of future seafarers for foreign language communication in the professional environment. We have identified the following components in a theoretical and empirical way: motivational, cognitional, emotional, volitional, linguistic, and social. Empirical studies have shown that the active motivation of students is not sufficiently developed, while the motivation to learn the language is at a high level; thus, the development of readiness to act will become relevant for teachers. After identifying the components of communication that need to be formed, we came to the conclusion that teachers should be ready to form them, be ready for changes in approaches to teaching, have motivation and certain abilities to change and introduce innovations. Thus, we consider the process of forming readiness for communication in the relationship between the readiness of the teacher and that of the student.
{"title":"Seafarers’ Readiness to Communicate in Professional Environment","authors":"Olena Tyron, Svitlana Kaminska","doi":"10.7225/toms.v12.n02.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v12.n02.012","url":null,"abstract":"The topic of formation of seafarers’ foreign-language communicative competence has always been relevant. Modern changes in the organization of the educational process due to crisis events such as the pandemic and hostilities have prompted search for new ways to increase the efficiency of teaching English to future seafarers at higher education institutions. The purpose of the study was to determine the components of readiness to communicate in the professional environment. Methodological tools for diagnosing the formation of various components of students' readiness for communication in the foreign language were developed. Surveys were carried out to collect primary information as well as tests to assess the state of development of foreign language competence and to find out weaknesses and strengths in the communicative activity of students. The result of the research was the development of criteria for assessing the formation of readiness of future seafarers for foreign language communication in the professional environment. We have identified the following components in a theoretical and empirical way: motivational, cognitional, emotional, volitional, linguistic, and social. Empirical studies have shown that the active motivation of students is not sufficiently developed, while the motivation to learn the language is at a high level; thus, the development of readiness to act will become relevant for teachers. After identifying the components of communication that need to be formed, we came to the conclusion that teachers should be ready to form them, be ready for changes in approaches to teaching, have motivation and certain abilities to change and introduce innovations. Thus, we consider the process of forming readiness for communication in the relationship between the readiness of the teacher and that of the student.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"26 2-3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135514392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-21DOI: 10.7225/toms.v12.n02.021
Tihomir Luković, Ante Anić, Srđan Gjurković
The threat of COVID-19 has affected all economies of the world, including those of the European Union and Croatia, as well as the sector of nautical tourism. The threat has appeared suddenly, and the responses to it have been varied. The assistance provided by EU member state governments varied, and the Croatian government implemented two sets of measures that were not particularly developmental, but rather focused on preserving jobs and filling the budget. Consequently, the burden fell on entrepreneurs, including marinas, which, apart from the state-owned marina chain ACI, are classified as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Looking at the business performance results for 2020, marinas experienced negative results, similar to other entrepreneurs. However, due to their specific business structure, the negative results for certain marinas were significantly lower. In particular, marinas with five anchors, which have a wide and diversified product range, performed worse than marinas with two anchors. However, the use of management tools and elements of modest controlling in the management of the higher category marinas minimised the negative results for the "other" product group in the service portfolio. Since the results for 2020 and the forecasts for 2021 are known, the objective of this research is to evaluate the segments of the marinas' business structure that have been crucial in reducing the negative results. The research hypothesis states that the specific business structure of marinas has a significant impact on lower negative earnings than expected. The method of sampling and approximating the size of marinas and berths is applied based on statistical data through basic comparative analysis. This is only preliminary research based on limited dataset.
{"title":"Business Structure of Marinas as Protection Against COVID-19","authors":"Tihomir Luković, Ante Anić, Srđan Gjurković","doi":"10.7225/toms.v12.n02.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v12.n02.021","url":null,"abstract":"The threat of COVID-19 has affected all economies of the world, including those of the European Union and Croatia, as well as the sector of nautical tourism. The threat has appeared suddenly, and the responses to it have been varied. The assistance provided by EU member state governments varied, and the Croatian government implemented two sets of measures that were not particularly developmental, but rather focused on preserving jobs and filling the budget. Consequently, the burden fell on entrepreneurs, including marinas, which, apart from the state-owned marina chain ACI, are classified as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Looking at the business performance results for 2020, marinas experienced negative results, similar to other entrepreneurs. However, due to their specific business structure, the negative results for certain marinas were significantly lower. In particular, marinas with five anchors, which have a wide and diversified product range, performed worse than marinas with two anchors. However, the use of management tools and elements of modest controlling in the management of the higher category marinas minimised the negative results for the \"other\" product group in the service portfolio. Since the results for 2020 and the forecasts for 2021 are known, the objective of this research is to evaluate the segments of the marinas' business structure that have been crucial in reducing the negative results. The research hypothesis states that the specific business structure of marinas has a significant impact on lower negative earnings than expected. The method of sampling and approximating the size of marinas and berths is applied based on statistical data through basic comparative analysis. This is only preliminary research based on limited dataset.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135514386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-21DOI: 10.7225/toms.v12.n02.002
Muhammad Luqman Hakim, I Ketut Suastika, I Ketut Aria Pria Utama, Dian Purnamasari, Muryadin Muryadin
An awareness of the drag increase brought on by biofouling's roughness on the ship hull is one technique to cut emissions aboard ship. However, predicting the increased drag on ships poses significant challenges. When predicting the rise in frictional resistance brought on by roughness, the hull is considered flat. In fact, ship hulls have a variety of shapes, and it is not certain whether this is a factor influencing the magnitude of the increase in resistance due to roughness. In this article, the effect of the hull's form parameters— (ratio of length per breadth), (coefficient block), and (Length of center buoyancy)—on the increase in frictional resistance brought on by roughness have been investigated. The method used to calculate the ship resistance is Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation, complemented by roughness modelling using the wall function approach method. The Design of Experiment (DOE) method has been used to vary the shape of the hull model as a variation of the test specimen in this study. The verification and validation tests have been carried out on the CFD simulation results, where the results have been compared with proven empirical methods. Based on the study results, the value of frictional resistance and increased frictional resistance () of all specimens has shown no significant difference in value, evidenced by the variance values, ranging only 1.57-2.1%. Thus, these results prove that the increase in frictional resistance due to roughness is sufficient to assume the ship's hull as a flat plate. The other finding is that roughness can also increase the pressure resistance, and hull shape parameters also contribute towards changes in the value of resistance.
{"title":"Frictional Resistance Increase Due to Hull Roughness: An Analysis of the Hull Form Parameters Influence","authors":"Muhammad Luqman Hakim, I Ketut Suastika, I Ketut Aria Pria Utama, Dian Purnamasari, Muryadin Muryadin","doi":"10.7225/toms.v12.n02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v12.n02.002","url":null,"abstract":"An awareness of the drag increase brought on by biofouling's roughness on the ship hull is one technique to cut emissions aboard ship. However, predicting the increased drag on ships poses significant challenges. When predicting the rise in frictional resistance brought on by roughness, the hull is considered flat. In fact, ship hulls have a variety of shapes, and it is not certain whether this is a factor influencing the magnitude of the increase in resistance due to roughness. In this article, the effect of the hull's form parameters— (ratio of length per breadth), (coefficient block), and (Length of center buoyancy)—on the increase in frictional resistance brought on by roughness have been investigated. The method used to calculate the ship resistance is Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation, complemented by roughness modelling using the wall function approach method. The Design of Experiment (DOE) method has been used to vary the shape of the hull model as a variation of the test specimen in this study. The verification and validation tests have been carried out on the CFD simulation results, where the results have been compared with proven empirical methods. Based on the study results, the value of frictional resistance and increased frictional resistance () of all specimens has shown no significant difference in value, evidenced by the variance values, ranging only 1.57-2.1%. Thus, these results prove that the increase in frictional resistance due to roughness is sufficient to assume the ship's hull as a flat plate. The other finding is that roughness can also increase the pressure resistance, and hull shape parameters also contribute towards changes in the value of resistance.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135514391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-21DOI: 10.7225/toms.v12.n02.003
Tuswan Tuswan, Siti Duwi Dhuryati, Imam Pujo Mulyatno, Abdi Ismail, Saefulloh Misbahudin, Muhammad Luqman Hakim
Delays in settlement of a ship repair project in an Indonesian shipyard are still common, resulting in a schedule that cannot be carried out according to the contract schedule. This study investigates the acceleration duration by calculating the track balance using the Ranked Positions Weight Method (RPWM), used within the scheduling system to obtain a balanced schedule arrangement with an even distribution of labor resources or manpower. This method is used to solve the MT Poka Jo (IMO: 9918119) ship repair's acceleration of duration analysis at the Tegal shipyard in Indonesia. The study aims to achieve efficient project scheduling by reducing project completion time and cost-effectiveness. The analysis was performed to assess the amount of labor produced, network diagram, critical track, balance of the critical track, acceleration of the project's duration, increase in labor, and additional working hours (overtime). The network diagram, which comprises 18 tasks on the important track, has a tracking efficiency of 98% after one day, according to the findings. The addition of labor of 10% could reduce the duration of the project up to 16.92% from 65 days to 54 days, with an increase of cost of 3.83% from the initial condition total cost (from US$ 706.62 to US$ 733.7). On the other hand, with the addition of 3 working hours, a duration acceleration of 10.77% from 65 days to 58 days, with an increasing cost of 59.35% (from US$ 706.62 to US$ 1,126.02) can be obtained. As a result, the increase in labor could be a valuable reference for shipyard personnel to anticipate project completion delays.
在印度尼西亚船厂，船舶维修项目的结算延迟仍然很常见，导致无法按照合同时间表执行时间表。本研究利用排位权重法(RPWM)计算轨道平衡，研究加速持续时间，在调度系统中使用，以获得一个平衡的调度安排，使劳动力资源或人力分配均匀。将该方法应用于印度尼西亚Tegal船厂MT Poka Jo (IMO: 9918119)修船工期加速分析。该研究旨在通过减少项目完成时间和成本效益来实现高效的项目调度。执行分析以评估产生的劳动量、网络图、关键轨道、关键轨道的平衡、项目持续时间的加速、劳动的增加和额外的工作时间(加班)。根据调查结果，该网络图由重要轨道上的18个任务组成，一天后的跟踪效率为98%。增加10%的人工可以使项目工期从65天减少到54天，最多减少16.92%，成本比初始条件总成本(从706.62美元增加到733.7美元)增加3.83%。另一方面，增加3个工时，工期从65天缩短到58天，缩短10.77%，成本增加59.35%(从706.62美元增加到1,126.02美元)。因此，劳动力的增加可以作为船厂人员预测项目完工延迟的有价值参考。
{"title":"Acceleration Strategy of Ship Reparation Project Using the Ranked Positions Weight Method: Comparative Evaluation Between Adding Manpower and Work Time","authors":"Tuswan Tuswan, Siti Duwi Dhuryati, Imam Pujo Mulyatno, Abdi Ismail, Saefulloh Misbahudin, Muhammad Luqman Hakim","doi":"10.7225/toms.v12.n02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v12.n02.003","url":null,"abstract":"Delays in settlement of a ship repair project in an Indonesian shipyard are still common, resulting in a schedule that cannot be carried out according to the contract schedule. This study investigates the acceleration duration by calculating the track balance using the Ranked Positions Weight Method (RPWM), used within the scheduling system to obtain a balanced schedule arrangement with an even distribution of labor resources or manpower. This method is used to solve the MT Poka Jo (IMO: 9918119) ship repair's acceleration of duration analysis at the Tegal shipyard in Indonesia. The study aims to achieve efficient project scheduling by reducing project completion time and cost-effectiveness. The analysis was performed to assess the amount of labor produced, network diagram, critical track, balance of the critical track, acceleration of the project's duration, increase in labor, and additional working hours (overtime). The network diagram, which comprises 18 tasks on the important track, has a tracking efficiency of 98% after one day, according to the findings. The addition of labor of 10% could reduce the duration of the project up to 16.92% from 65 days to 54 days, with an increase of cost of 3.83% from the initial condition total cost (from US$ 706.62 to US$ 733.7). On the other hand, with the addition of 3 working hours, a duration acceleration of 10.77% from 65 days to 58 days, with an increasing cost of 59.35% (from US$ 706.62 to US$ 1,126.02) can be obtained. As a result, the increase in labor could be a valuable reference for shipyard personnel to anticipate project completion delays.","PeriodicalId":42576,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Maritime Science-ToMS","volume":"86 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135514397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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